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Influencia De Las Redes Sociales En El Marino Mercante

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Influencia De Las Redes Sociales En El Marino Mercante Ingeniería técnica naval en propulsión y servicios del buque Influencia de las redes sociales en el marino mercante Autor: Fra. Xavier Méndez Espinar Directora: Olga Delgado Ortega Febrero del 2015 1 AGRADECIMIENTOS A mis padres y hermana por estar siempre ahí, apoyando y animando incluso sin proponérselo. Sin ellos el proceso que ha significado este proyecto habría sido terriblemente duro, pero gracias a ellos ha sido una gran experiencia que ha supuesto un crecimiento personal. A mi abuela, por su fortaleza y su capacidad de no rendirse nunca, y que ha sabido transmitir a sus nietos. A mis amigos que han estado y han sumado de formas muy distintas pero igual de necesarias. Gracias también por ser una fuente de inspiración. A mi directora de proyecto que me ha aportado tranquilidad en momentos de estrés, por sus consejos y directrices. A Ricard Rodríguez-Martos por su colaboración desde el apostolado del mar Stella Maris. A todos los marinos que han colaborado conmigo para la consecución del trabajo de campo. Gracias a todos, un pedacito de este proyecto es de cada uno de los que de una forma u otra han aportado su granito de arena, muchas gracias. ‘No es más valiente el que no tiene miedo, sino el que sabe conquistarlo’. Nelson Mandela 2 3 ÍNDICE GENERAL ÍNDICE DE ILUSTRACIONES Y TABLAS ........................................................................... 6 GLOSARIO Y CONCEPTOS .................................................................................................. 11 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................................. 16 2. EL AISLAMIENTO SOCIAL DEL MARINO .............................................................. 19 2.1 El aislamiento .............................................................................................................. 22 2.2 Factores sociales a bordo ............................................................................................. 28 2.2.1 La tripulación ....................................................................................................... 28 2.2.2 La sociedad multicultural .................................................................................... 32 2.2.3 La comunicación con tierra ................................................................................. 36 2.3 Fatiga y estrés .............................................................................................................. 37 2.3.1 La fatiga............................................................................................................... 38 2.3.2 El estrés ............................................................................................................... 41 2.4 La mujer como profesional del mar a bordo ............................................................... 45 3. EL MARINO Y SU RELACIÓN FAMILIAR ............................................................... 49 3.1 La vida familiar del marino mientras está a bordo ...................................................... 51 3.1.1 Desde el punto de vista del marino ..................................................................... 51 3.1.2 Desde el punto de vista de la familia ................................................................... 56 3.2 La vida familiar del marino cuando vuelve al hogar ................................................... 61 3.2.1 Desde el punto de vista del marino ..................................................................... 61 3.2.2 Desde el punto de vista de la familia ................................................................... 66 3.3 Transiciones barco-casa/casa-barco ............................................................................ 70 3.4 La importancia de la presencia de la familia a bordo .................................................. 73 3.5 Mejoras para aplicar en el mar en relación a la familia ............................................... 75 4. LAS REDES SOCIALES.................................................................................................. 77 4.1 Alcance de las redes sociales ...................................................................................... 79 4.2 Beneficios de las redes sociales en el marino mercante .............................................. 85 4.2.1 Beneficios en el aislamiento social ..................................................................... 85 4.2.2 Beneficios con la tripulación ............................................................................... 89 4.2.3 Beneficios en las relaciones multiculturales ....................................................... 90 4.2.4 Beneficios en la disminución de estrés ................................................................ 91 4.2.5 Beneficios en las relaciones de pareja y relaciones con los hijos ........................ 92 4.2.6 Beneficios en la búsqueda de estímulos .............................................................. 93 4 4.3 La comunicación ‘Ship-Shore’: La brecha digital ....................................................... 95 4.4 Puntos de influencia negativos de las redes sociales ................................................. 101 4.4.1 Incremento del aislamiento social ..................................................................... 101 4.4.2 Problemas en las relaciones de pareja ............................................................... 104 4.4.3 Problemas en las relaciones familiares .............................................................. 107 4.5 Utilización de las redes sociales por parte de las parejas de los marinos mercantes . 109 4.6 El proyecto MonaLisa 2.0 ......................................................................................... 111 4.7 Utilización de redes sociales en el Navio Escola Sagres ........................................... 116 5. EXPOSICIÓN DEL ESTUDIO SOCIOLÓGICO LLEVADO A CABO ................. 120 5.1 Resultado de los datos sociodemográficos obtenidos. .............................................. 122 5.2 Resultado del estudio de la utilización de las redes sociales a bordo. ....................... 130 5.3 Influencia de las redes sociales en la vida familiar del marino. ................................ 136 5.3.1 Influencia de las redes sociales en la comunicación con la familia................... 136 5.3.2 Influencia de las redes sociales en los roles y tomas de decisiones .................. 138 5.3.3 Influencia de las redes sociales en la vuelta a casa del marino ......................... 141 5.4 Embarques con la familia .......................................................................................... 148 5.5 Intención de abandonar el oficio de marino mercante............................................... 151 5.6 Influencia de las redes sociales y nuevas tecnología en la mejora de comunicación y bienestar del marino .............................................................................................................. 155 5.7 Dureza de estar embarcado según el género del profesional del mar ........................ 156 6. CONCLUSIONES ........................................................................................................... 159 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ..................................................................................................................... 166 ANEXOS .................................................................................................................................. 173 I. Modelo de encuesta ......................................................................................................... 174 II. Cableado submarino y compañías encargadas ............................................................. 181 III. Productos para la transferencia de datos de INMARSAT .......................................... 189 5 ÍNDICE DE ILUSTRACIONES Y TABLAS Ilustración 1 Comparativa entre España, Filipina y EUA. Fuente: http://geert-hofstede.com/ 34 Ilustración 2 El surmenage, ensayo de la fatiga mental y física, y sus causas .................... 40 Ilustración 3 Efectos de los factores psicosociales y el estrés sobre la salud. [Modificado por el autor]. Robles Corchado, M. (2006). Fuente: González Colás, A. (2011) ................ 42 Ilustración 4 Campañas para el cuidado de la salud mental del marino. Fuente: International Seafarers' Welfare and Assistance Network .................................................. 44 Ilustración 5 Evolución de alumnos matriculados. Fuente: Situación de la mujer ante los estudios marítimos y la Marina Mercante. Martínez d'Osés, X. ......................................... 46 Ilustración 6 Distribución de la mujer como profesional por tipo de buque. Fuente: Woman Seafarers, 2003 .................................................................................................................... 47 Ilustración 7 Porcentaje de marinos por nacionalidades. Fuente: Women Seafarers, 2003 47 Ilustración 8 Zonas de cobertura de los satélites de Inmarsat ............................................. 55 Ilustración 9 Modelo Bidimensional de socialización familiar y tipologías. Fuente: Art. Un análisis intercultural de los efectos de la socialización familiar en el autoconcepto ........... 68 Ilustración 10 Autoconcepto Académico y Autoconcepto Social respectivamente. Fuente: Art. UN ANÁLISIS INTERCULTURAL DE LOS EFECTOS DE LA SOCIALIZACIÓN FAMILIAR EN EL AUTOCONCEPTO: ESPAÑA Y BRASIL........................................ 69 Ilustración 11 Guía STCW para la gente
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