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2013 Submarine Cable Market Industry Report
submarine telecoms INDUSTRY REPORT 2013 Authored by Submarine Cable Industry Report Issue 2 March 2013 Copyright © 2013 by Submarine Telecoms Forum, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Submarine Telecoms Forum, Inc. 21495 Ridgetop Circle Suite 201 Sterling, Virginia 20166 USA www.subtelforum.com ISSN: pending 2 Disclaimer: While every care is taken in preparation of this publication, the publishers cannot be held responsible for the accuracy of the information herein, or any errors which may occur in advertising or editorial content, or any consequence arising from any errors or omissions, and the editor reserves the right to edit any advertising or editorial material submitted for publication. If you have a suggestion, please let us know by emailing [email protected]. 3 Table of Contents 1. Foreword 10 2. Introduction 11 3. Executive Summary 13 4. Worldwide Market Analysis and Outlook 18 4.1 Overview of Historical System Investment 20 4.2 2008 – 2012 Systems in Review 20 4.3 Systems Investment in 2013 and Beyond 21 5. Supplier Analysis 25 5.1 System Suppliers 25 5.2 Upgrade Suppliers 26 6. Ownership Analysis 28 6.1 Financing of Current Submarine Systems 28 7. Regional Market Analysis and Capacity Outlook 31 7.1 Transatlantic -
International Data Connectivity in Iceland a White Paper
International Data Connectivity in Iceland A White Paper 1 DATA CONNECTIVITY WHITE PAPER REPORT 2016 Iceland as a prime location for data centers The data connectivity aspect Since obtaining the first international data connec- This paper also focuses on backhaul quality, and shows tion in 1906, Iceland has come a long way as a prime data connectivity possibilities in Iceland. The paper location for data centers. Fast forward to 2015, and concludes with an overview of the different services connectivity coupled with a competitive environment and data connectivity solutions that providers offer for data center businesses are now important reasons the data center industry in Iceland. why Iceland is one of the highest ranked countries worldwide when it comes to digital competitiveness1. The Fiber Network Great connectivity is also a key reason that Cushman Some of the most important reasons why businesses & Wakefield ranked Iceland the safest location for choose Iceland for their data center needs is a globally data centers in their 2016 Data Center Risk Index2. competitive TCO, security of power supply and minimal data connectivity risk. One of the most important factors that characterizes favorable data center locations worldwide is the The fiber network consists of reliable backhaul in quality of onshore and offshore fiber infrastructure Iceland and a redundant submarine cable network and competitiveness of telecommunication service that delivers data securely and efficiently across the providers. These factors minimize risk for data center Atlantic, between the US, Europe, and Iceland. businesses and provide opportunities for companies to optimize operations and expand them into the future. Submarine Cables Data center connectivity from Iceland to the rest of the world is provided by undersea transatlantic cables, one Competitive Connectivity between Iceland and Greenland, which then links to in Iceland North America, another, called FARICE-1, that links Iceland to the U.K., and a third, DANICE, that runs • Redundant between Iceland and Denmark [Figure 1]. -
ITU-Dstudygroups
ITU-D Study Groups Study period 2018-2021 Broadband development and connectivity solutions for rural and Question 5/1 Telecommunications/ remote areas ICTs for rural and remote areas Executive summary This annual deliverable reviews major backbone telecommunication Annual deliverable infrastructure installation efforts and approaches to last-mile connectivity, 2019-2020 describes current trends in last-mile connectivity and policy interventions and recommended last-mile technologies for use in rural and remote areas, as well as in small island developing States (SIDS). Discussions and contributions made during a workshop on broadband development in rural areas, held in September 2019, have been included in this document, which concludes with two sets of high-level recommendations for regulators and policy-makers, and for operators to use as guidelines for connecting rural and remote communities. 1 More information on ITU-D study groups: E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +41 22 730 5999 Web: www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/study-groups ITU -D Study Groups Contents Executive summary 1 Introduction 3 Trends in telecommunication/ICT backbone infrastructure 4 Last mile-connectivity 5 Trends in last-mile connectivity 6 Business regulatory models and policies 7 Recommendations and guidelines for regulators and policy-makers 8 Recommendations and guidelines for operators 9 Annex 1: Map of the global submarine cable network 11 Annex 2: Listing of submarine cables (A-Y) 12 2 More information on ITU-D study groups: E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +41 22 730 5999 Web: www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/study-groups ITU -D Study Groups Introduction The telecommunications/ICT sector and technologies have evolved over a long period of time, starting with ancient communication systems such as drum beating and smoke signals to the electric telegraph, the fixed telephone, radio and television, transistors, video telephony and satellite. -
Technology and the Geography of the Foreign Exchange Market
Working Paper Series Barry Eichengreen Cables, Sharks and Servers: Romain Lafarguette and Arnaud Mehl Technology and the Geography of the Foreign Exchange Market No 1889 / March 2016 Note: This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the European Central Bank (ECB). The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the ECB Abstract We analyze the impact of technology on production and trade in services, focusing on the foreign exchange market. We identify exogenous technological changes by the connection of countries to submarine fiber- optic cables used for electronic trading, but which were not laid for purposes related to the foreign exchange market. We estimate the impact of cable connections on the share of offshore foreign exchange transactions. Cable connections between local markets and matching servers in the major financial centers lower the fixed costs of trading currencies and increase the share of currency trades occurring onshore. At the same time, however, they attenuate the effect of standard spatial frictions such as distance, local market liquidity, and restrictive regulations that otherwise prevent transactions from moving to the major financial centers. Our estimates suggest that the second effect dominates. Technology dampens the impact of spatial frictions by up to 80 percent and increases, in net terms, the share of offshore trading by 21 percentage points. Technology also has economically important implications for the distribution of foreign exchange transactions across financial centers, boosting the share in global turnover of London, the world’s largest trading venue, by as much as one-third. -
Global Marine Report 2018
SCOTTISH FUTURES TRUST INTERNATIONAL FIBRE OPTIC CABLE LANDING DESK TOP STUDY 2682-GMSL-G-RD-0001_01 REVISION DATE ISSUE DETAILS PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED 01 01/11/2018 Draft issue MW, AR, JW SW MW 02 14/11/2018 Final issue MW, AR BP MW Document Filename: 2682-GMSL-G-RD-0001 Version Number: 02 Date: November 2018 AUTHOR OF REVISION SECTION PAGES BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF CHANGES CHANGE Additional information on the fishing vessel 7.3.3 81 AR anchorage offshore of Port William Harbour. 7.8.1 89 Inserted note regarding planned cables. MW Additional content added in the Scottish permit 9.3.1 109 AR summary. 10.1 120 Updated RPL revisions. MW 02 An existing duct that is 150mm in diameter is 13.2 154 available on the east of Bottle Hole Bridge added to AR site visit report 13.8 160 Model Option and Licence Agreements included as AR 13.9 162 additional appendices. 13.10 162 Updated RPL revisions. MW Page 2 of 164 Document Filename: 2682-GMSL-G-RD-0001 Version Number: 02 Date: November 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 12 1.1 Recommendations ................................................................................................................... 12 1.2 Route Overview ........................................................................................................................ 13 1.3 Executive Summary Table ........................................................................................................ 14 2.0 -
Submarine Cables: Bringing Broadband Internet to the Arctic, a Life Changer for Northerners?
Briefing Note Submarine Cables: Bringing Broadband Internet to the Arctic, a Life Changer for Northerners? Michael Delaunay The internet has already changed the lives of billions of people all over the planet and still continues to do so. But in order to fully benefit from what the internet can offer, a broadband connection is essential. In the Arctic this is not yet the case. A large portion of the Arctic region suffers from a bad connection. There exists a significant digital gap between the northern and the southern region of the Arctic countries. For the majority of the inhabitants of the Arctic regions, internet is very expensive, but not only that; it offers a low bandwidth and a low data cap. This is particularly the case in Nunavut where Inuit rely on only one way to connect: via satellite. Other regions can be connected via micro wave or terrestrial fiber optic cables, but not all of them. Even if the satellite and microwave connect the northerners to the rest of the World, these technologies are likely to suffer due to the harsh environment (ice, snow storms, electromagnetic storms) that can disrupt, and even cut off completely, the only way to communicate for some of the Indigenous communities. Submarine cables for now seem to be the most reliable, fastest and cheapest option in the long term to connect most of the communities to broadband internet, even in the Arctic. While most of the Arctic communities are settled on shores in the North American Arctic, especially in Canada, the option of laying submarine fibre optic cables to connect them to broadband internet might be a solution. -
Asia Pacific Hong Kong
Contact us Americas Asia Pacific SSAO* Europe Middle East Africa Herndon, VA, USA Hong Kong Singapore London, UK Dubai, United Arab Emirates Johannesburg, South Africa Tel +1 703 621 1600 Tel +852 2888 6688 Tel +65 64293988 Tel +44 (0) 207 173 1700 Tel +971 (0) 4 446 7480 Tel +27 11 797 3300 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Note: *SAARC, South Asia & Oceania Region Paris, France Tel +33 (0) 1 84 88 05 88 [email protected] 0 +30 +60 +90 +120 +150 +180 +150 +120 +90 +60 +30 Arctic Ocean Kara Sea North Greenland Sea Barents Sea Laptev Sea Arctic Ocean Greenland Norwegian Sea Beaufort Sea Chukchi Sea Iceland Sea Murmansk North Sea Greenland Sea Kostomuksha Kem Seydisordur Arkhangel'sk Iceland FARICE Belomorsk Provideniya Noyabrsk Grindavik Finland Landeyjasandur Syktyvkar DANICE Funningsordur Nuuk Yakutsk Khanty-Mansiysk Russian Federation Anchorage Lappeenranta Petrozavodsk Whitter Qaqortoq Norway Nizhnevartovsk Helsinki Vyborg Nikiski Valdez Sweden ERMC Kotka T Oslo Issad EC Stavsnas Minsk Tagil NN Kirov Perm’ Homer Seward CO Karsto Cherepovets Bering Sea Labrador Sea ND Stockholm EE-S 1 Tallinn Saint Petersburg ENLA Kingisepp Vologda Ekaterinburg GRE FARICE Baltic Kardla Novgorod Tobol'sk Aldan 60 Dunnet Bay VFS Sea Estonia 60 NorSea Com Luga Kostroma Yoshkar Ola Juneau Draupner Farosund Ventspils Pskov Yaroslavl' Cheboksary ERMC Hawk Inlet Canada DANICE Tve r Tyumen' Lena Point Ula Ivanovo TEA Tomsk Latvia Vladimir Izhevsk Angoon Denmark -
In This Issue
63 M a y Voice 2012 of the ISSN 1948-3031 Industry Subsea Capacity Edition In This Issue: The Emergence Of Carrier Neutral Networks and The Increased Capacity Submarine Cable Systems and the Rise of Privately Led Builds Leveraging Subsea Cable Systems for Video Transport Solutions ISSN No. 1948-3031 PUBLISHER: Wayne Nielsen MANAGING EDITOR: Kevin G. Summers A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to spending. Both groups seemed convinced the Occupy Rally… of their divergent correctness in managing CONTRIBUTING WRITERS: Stewart Ash, Sean through the mess. Bergin, Simon Brodie, Derek Cassidy, Erick I was really torn last week when I finished Contag, Jorn Jespersen my last meeting in Chicago. It was a really What the results of this split amongst our Submarine Telecoms Forum magazine is beautiful day in the Midwest, typical for world leaders portend for the future is published bimonthly by Submarine Telecoms May, and blustery, typical for the “Windy still anybody’s guess, but at a minimum, Forum, Inc., and is an independent commercial City.” The streets to the south were starting it suggests more stormy seas ahead. And publication, serving as a freely accessible to fill; the fencing was up. Chicago’s finest yes, weather that will eventually impact forum for professionals in industries connected were in full force, but somehow I just did significantly our little industry. So I guess with submarine optical fiber technologies and techniques. Submarine Telecoms Forum may not feel the rising spirit of the day. I’ll just curl up with a good book and ride not be reproduced or transmitted in any form, it out. -
Nber Working Paper Series Cables, Sharks and Servers
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CABLES, SHARKS AND SERVERS: TECHNOLOGY AND THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET Barry Eichengreen Romain Lafarguette Arnaud Mehl Working Paper 21884 http://www.nber.org/papers/w21884 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 January 2016, Revised April 2021 We are grateful to Mark Aguiar, Pol Antràs, Thorsten Beck, Geert Bekaert, Bruno Biais, Jérôme Busca, Estelle Cantillon, Giancarlo Corsetti, Alexander Duering, Torsten Ehlers, Benoît Geller, Jérôme Héricourt, Jean Imbs, Takatoshi Ito, Amit Khandelwal, Philip Lane, Istvan Mak, Guy- Charles Marhic, Philippe Martin, Martin Uribe, Frank Packer, Hashem Pesaran, Romain Rancière, Andrew Rose, Alan Taylor and Xavier Vives for comments and discussions, as well as to seminar participants at the ECB, Goethe University Frankfurt and USC Dornsife and to participants at the Clausen Center Conference on Global Economic Issues, Berkeley, and to the Cambridge-INET conference on the microstructure of the FX market for comments. We thank Ziqi Li for excellent research assistance. We are also grateful to Denis Pêtre and Philip Wooldridge for providing unpublished Bank for International Settlements data on offshore foreign exchange trading. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the ECB, the Eurosystem, the IMF, or the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2016 by Barry Eichengreen, Romain Lafarguette, and Arnaud Mehl. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. -
Cool & Charming ICELAND
Cool & Charming ICELAND DATA CENTERS IN ICELAND IN THE NEAR FUTURE 13. maí 2009 Grand Hótel Reykjavík …. Sveinn Oskar Sigurdsson – Stjórnarformaður Greenstone 27/05/2009 Copyright (c) 2009, Greenstone ehf, all rights reserved 2 BASIC FACTS OF ICELAND Within reach Iceland is located midway between Europe and North America. Only 5 hours from New York and Boston (as to LA in the US), only 2-3 hours from London, Paris and Berlin. Part of EU system Iceland is with agreement with EU as Norway and. Switzerland, the EEA agreement. Keflavik is the main international airport and a border point for entering Europe under the Schengen Agreement. Roads and Utilities Most of main roads in Iceland are fully surfaced and many local district airports both for private jets and larger airplanes. Land area Telecom Land is 103.000 sqkm (40.000 sqmiles) and 4/5 Iceland has one of the highest figures in the world for penetration of mobile which is uninhabitable phones and Internet use. Staying in touch with the rest of the world is easy from Iceland via fibre-optic cables or saterlite. Geography Iceland is the second largest island in Europe, Medical services about midway between New York and Moscow. Health care in Iceland is state-of-the art and is internationally recognized as a quality service. Hospitals with surgery facilities are located in all parts of the Population country and doctors are easily accessible in all communities. Iceland has one of The Icelandic population is around 320.000 the highest number of physicians per capita in the world. -
Nunavut Fibre Optic Feasibility Study
Nunavut Fibre Optic Feasibility Study Prepared for the Nunavut Broadband Development Corporation (NBDC) March, 2012 Nunavut Fibre Optic Feasibility Study March, 2012 Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary …………………………………………………………………………………….. 6 2. Objectives of the Feasibility Study……………………………………………………………….. 13 3. Team Members ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14 4. Review of Alternative Fibre Technologies …………………………………………………… 15 a. Current Marine Fibre Optic Technologies b. Technical Challenges in Nunavut c. Risk Mitigation Strategies 5. Existing and Planned Northern Fibre Optic Networks …………………………………… 31 a. Expansion Initiatives up to 2020 6. Possible Landing Points…………………………………………………………………………………. 40 7. Review of Possible Fibre Optic Network Configurations for Nunavut …………… 43 a. Proposed Architecture for Fibre Optic Connection for all of the communities in Nunavut b. Proposed Architecture for Fibre Optic Connection to Regional Centres in Nunavut with an extension to Resolute Bay c. Long Term Pan Arctic Fibre Optic Network Architecture Proposal (including connection to Nunavik communities) 8. Preliminary Risk Analysis Considerations ……………………………………………………… 50 9. Review of Alternative Technologies………………………………………………………………. 53 a. Evolving Satellite Systems b. Digital Microwave Radio 10. Mixed Telecommunications Networks ……………………………………………………….. 56 11. Impact on Service Parity and Socioeconomic Considerations………………………… 57 12. Review of Private Public Partnership Alternatives and Financing Options…….. 62 13. Proposed Next Steps ……………………………………………………………………………………. -
Optimizing Internet Application Performance
EQUINIX WHITEPAPER OPTIMIZING INTERNET APPLICATION PERFORMANCE By the Equinix Innovations Team TABLE OF CONTENTS pages Introduction 2 Speed 3 Availability & Consistency 3 Platform EquinixSM 4-5 How Do We Test Application Performance? 6 Results 7 Round Trip Time, Traceroutes, Availability, and Predictability 7-8 Takeaways 9 1 © 2010-2011 Equinix, Inc. | www.equinix.com EQUINIX WHITEPAPER OPTIMIZING INTERNET APPLICATION PERFORMANCE By the Equinix Innovations Team In today’s digital economy, performance can be a strategic differentiator for your company. Whether you’re a bank handling millions of clients online, a retailer dependent on your website to drive sales, or a cloud computing company powering enterprises, performance-related end user experience is one of the key criteria on which your company will be judged. There are numerous examples of how performance can impact revenue: ■■ Amazon — “Every 100ms delay costs Performance isn’t just about the speed of a site; availability and 1 consistency are also important. Being able to deliver consistent, 1% of sales” — for 2009 that translates reliable service is fundamental to customer conversion and into $245 million retention. From frustrated consumers trying to buy gifts for Christmas to multinational companies attempting to do computational modeling, all types of customers become frustrated ■■ Mozilla shaved 2.2 seconds of when websites or cloud services aren’t fast or pages fail to load. load time off its landing pages and Being able to provide your customers a consistent experience, increased download conversions by or in the case of the enterprise, to actually guarantee that performance and consistency with a Service Level Agreement 15.4%, translating into an additional (SLA), translates to increased revenue by improving the end user 60 million downloads each year2 experience and reducing resistance from corporate buyers.