Fredriksten Festning: Fra Historisk Arena Til Scene for Kultur

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Fredriksten Festning: Fra Historisk Arena Til Scene for Kultur Masteroppgave Fredriksten festning: fra historisk arena til scene for kultur Av Gry Rustad Pettersen Masteroppgaven er gjennomført som et ledd i utdanningen ved Universitetet i Agder og er godkjent som sådan. Denne godkjenningen innebærer ikke at universitetet innestår for de metoder som er anvendt og de konklusjoner som er trukket. Veileder: Oddgeir Tveiten Universitetet i Agder, Kristiansand Dato 1. juni 2008 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Masteroppgave i offentlig politikk og ledelse Fakultetet for økonomi og samfunnsfag Universitetet i Agder – våren 2008 Fredriksten festning: fra historisk arena til en scene for kultur Gry Rustad Pettersen 2 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com FORORD Masteroppgaven er avsluttende eksamen på masterstudiet i offentlig politikk og ledelse. Det har vært en anledning til å fordype meg i et selvvalgt tema – institusjonell endring og bruk av kulturarv. Jeg valgte å se nærmere på Fredriksten festning og hva som har skjedd der. Et interessant valg som jeg har vært godt fornøyd med! Jeg vil først benytte anledningen til å takke alle som stilte opp til intervju. Jeg synes det er helt utrolig flott at alle takket ja og brukte god tid på å reflektere over det jeg spurte om. Tusen takk! Veilederen min ved Universitetet i Agder har vært Oddgeir Tveiten! Takk for at du stolte på meg og mulighetene mine! Takk også til Jan Moren for all hjelp! Du har velvillig stilt deg til disposisjon og kommet med gode tilbakemeldinger. Ikke minst sørget du for at jeg kom meg trygt i havn! Til slutt vil jeg takke Emma, Jesper og Martin for inspirasjon og oppmuntring. Dere har vært tålmodige og nå er oppgaven ferdig! Sponvika 1. juni 2008 Gry Rustad Pettersen 3 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com INNHOLDSFORTEGNELSE FORORD...............................................................................................................................3 INNHOLDSFORTEGNELSE..................................................................................................4 SAMMENDRAG.....................................................................................................................6 1 INNLEDNING.............................................................................................................7 1.1 Bakgrunn for valg av tema.................................................................................................8 1.2 Forløpet til problemstillingen..............................................................................................9 1.2.1 Forsvarshistorie som kultur..............................................................................................10 1.2.2 Aktiviteter på Fredriksten i dag.........................................................................................11 1.3 Problemstilling.................................................................................................................14 1.4 Avgrensning av problemstillingen.....................................................................................15 1.5 Oppgavens videre strukturelle oppbygning.......................................................................16 2 TEORETISK TILNÆRMING.....................................................................................17 2.1 Nye veier til inntjening......................................................................................................17 2.2 Bruk av kulturarv.............................................................................................................19 2.2.1 Kulturarv som økonomisk ressurs....................................................................................20 2.2.2 Kulturarv som kulturell ressurs.........................................................................................21 2.2.3 Kulturarvens tre roller......................................................................................................22 2.3 Institusjonell endring........................................................................................................23 2.3.1 Institusjonell teori.............................................................................................................23 2.3.2 Identitet...........................................................................................................................24 2.3.3 Omgivelser......................................................................................................................26 2.3.4 Translasjon......................................................................................................................27 3 METODE, FORSKNINGSDESIGN OG GJENNOMFØRING....................................29 3.1 Planlegging.....................................................................................................................29 3.2 Valg av datainnsamlingsmetode......................................................................................31 3.3 Utvalg av respondenter....................................................................................................33 3.4 Gjennomføring av intervjuene..........................................................................................35 3.4.1 Intervjuets form................................................................................................................35 3.4.2 Intervjuets kontekst..........................................................................................................36 3.4.3 Respondentenes rolle......................................................................................................37 3.4.4 Fleksibilitet og struktur.....................................................................................................38 4 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com 3.5 Analyseteknikk................................................................................................................39 3.6 Hvor gode vil konklusjonene være?.................................................................................40 4 AVTRYKK AV EN KULTURPOLITISK DREINING..................................................43 4.1 Fra opplysning til opplevelse............................................................................................43 4.2 Kulturens formål..............................................................................................................44 4.3 Kulturens hierarki.............................................................................................................47 4.4 Næring og kultur..............................................................................................................49 4.5 Prioriteringer....................................................................................................................51 4.6 Innsyn.............................................................................................................................54 4.7 Fredriksten festning i lys av den kulturpolitiske utvikling...................................................56 5 KULTURARVEN......................................................................................................58 5.1 Hva var konteksten?........................................................................................................58 5.1.1 Identitet...........................................................................................................................59 5.1.2 Fredriksten festning.........................................................................................................61 5.2 Jakt på oppskrifter og spredning av ideer.........................................................................63 5.2.1 Allsang............................................................................................................................63 5.2.2 Tusenårssted...................................................................................................................65 5.2.3 Eierne..............................................................................................................................67 5.3 Ideen som ble brukt.........................................................................................................68 5.3.1 Uoverensstemmelser.......................................................................................................68 5.3.2 Kulturarv som økonomisk ressurs....................................................................................72 5.3.3 Kulturarv som en kulturell ressurs....................................................................................75 5.4 Kulturarvens tre roller......................................................................................................85 6 HVORDAN KAN VI FORSTÅ ENDRINGEN?...........................................................87 6.1 Imitasjon eller innovasjon.................................................................................................87 6.2 Fra opplysning til opplevelse............................................................................................89 6.3 Nye ideer i bruk...............................................................................................................90 6.4 Definisjonsmakt...............................................................................................................91 7 AVSLUTNING..........................................................................................................93 LITTERATURLISTE.............................................................................................................94
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