DOCSLIB.ORG

Ebook- the Effects of Mining on Human Health.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ebook- the Effects of Mining on Human Health.Pdf The Effects of Mining on Human Health Different Sources of Dust Particles The collapse of underground mines, perhaps due to Dust particles can be produced through a range of heavy rainfall or poor construction, are some of the activities involved in the extraction of different rock and most common causes of underground mining accidents. mineral products on surface and underground mining Air pollution is also a major cause, with high levels of sites. Activities such as excavation, blasting and drilling of flammable methane gas and coal dust being the cause of rocks release different forms of dust particles, including: some of the most serious mining accidents in history. • Dust containing crystalline silica Underground air pollution can also have a serious effect • Coal dust on human health, the effects of which can sometimes take decades to be detected. There are now more high- • Asbestos tech methods of revealing the different forms of air • Metals, including lead, mercury, and uranium pollution present and then to substitute them for another particles substance, or even remove them completely. It is still important that workers are all aware of the different forms of air pollution in the mine they’re working in from the time that work begins. Forms of Underground Air Pollution The main causes of air pollution on mining sites are particulate matter (dust particles) and gases including radon (RN), methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO). Underground mining sites that are not well ventilated are highly risky and respiratory problems such as black lung disease and silicosis are two of the most severe results of long-term dust exposure. Lung cancer and tuberculosis could even be a result of long-term exposure to dust particles or a toxic gas, such as radon. Request a Demo 2 The form and quantity of particles released, depends on the Effects of Dust Particles on Human Health geology of the rock involved and the different activities that are included in the mining process. Over time, the lungs could be badly affected by regular exposure to mining dust and hazardous gases. If too much dust is inhaled, the lungs could swell up, leading to breathing The effects that dust can have on human health, depend on: difficulties. Other effects include: • The size of dust particles. • Coughing • The structure of dust particles and their effect on the • Sore throat body. • Fever • The intensity of dust particles, compared to the size of • Chest pain the workers breathing zone. • Nausea • How often the dust is inhaled over a period of time. • Tiredness Black lung disease and silicosis are Smaller respirable particles may be invisible to the naked eye two of the most serious respiratory and able to reach deep down into the lungs. Lung scarring, problems caused by dust exposure and fibrosis are some of the effects of respirable quartz and can even be the cause of (crystalline silica) dust. Other respirable particles can even be diseases such as heart disease and the cause of cancer. Black lung disease and silicosis are two lung cancer. of the most dangerous respiratory problems, but luckily new methods of protection and stricter laws on the intensity of dust particles are making them less common. Request a Demo 3 Black Lung Disease Symptoms include: Black lung disease, or coal workers’ pneumoconiosis, is • Shortness of breath the result of inhaling too much coal dust, a highly explosive • Strong coughing powdered form of coal particles. Coal dust accumulates in the lungs until it can’t be removed, giving patients similar • Fever symptoms to the long term effects of tobacco smoking. This • Night Sweats can lead to inflammation, fibrosis and in some cases necrosis (premature death of cells in living tissue). Early stages of • Weight loss black lung disease could have no symptoms. Later symptoms include: • Respiratory failure • Chest pains • Chronic coughing • Shortness of breath Since these symptoms may not be noticed for 15 to 20 years, it is most important to make sure that workers are not at risk • Pain breathing from inhaling silica or coal dust. Suffering from black lung • Increase in mucus (sometimes turning black) disease and silicosis can increase the risk of other miner’s health problems occurring, such as: • Coughing up blood • Chronic bronchitis • Heart disease Modern safeguards such as respirators and ventilation systems are effective methods of prevention, which are also • Lung cancer commonly used for the prevention of silicosis. • Pneumonia Silicosis • Asthma Silica dust is frequently released from soil and rocks being • Sclerosis grinded or broken up on mining sites. These small particles of dust can also be inhaled and trapped in the lungs. Silicosis is Other dusts, containing heavy metals can also have serious also a serious lung disease that could be fatal. effects. Request a Demo 4 Mercury Poisoning Different Range of Mine Gases The effects of inhaling mercury vapor Mine gases, also called ‘damps’ (Dampf is the can be serious or even fatal. This heavy German word for vapor) refers to the range of metal is found in about 25 organic mineral gases involved in mining operations. These compounds present in different mines. gases include: Mercury (Hg) can be inhaled, swallowed, or even absorbed through the skin. Results of Firedamp: highly flammable and explosive gas, mercury poisoning include: usually methane (CH₄) Whitedamp or carbon monoxide (CO): Formed in coal mines, mainly by the oxidation of coal. • Mouth ulcers Blackdamp: Any atmosphere where a fire lamp • Insomnia will not burn due to excess carbon dioxide • Nausea (CO₂), nitrogen (N₂) and/or low oxygen. • Abdominal pain Stink damp or hydrogen sulfide (H₂S): Given this name because of its’ distinctive smell of rotten • Headaches eggs • Cardiac weakness Afterdamp: Mixture of all gases left in a mine after an explosion or fire. If workers are exposed to a high level for several years, their The US Mine Safety and Health Administration insists that kidneys may be affected, potentially even leading to kidney gas detection equipment is used in all mines to detect these failure. common gases. Calculations should also be used to measure the % Lower Explosive Limit, which these hazardous gases hazardous gases can also be the cause of life-threatening must be under to prevent the risk of explosion. medical problems like lung cancer, while explosive, highly flammable gases such as methane, have been the cause of some of the most serious disasters in mining history. Request a Demo 5 Effects of Unsafe Levels of Mine Gases Ventilation fans are also used to dilute gases under their explosive level. It is a legal requirement that mining sites are Gas detectors are a crucial form of equipment to use in monitored for a dangerous level of methane concentration underground mining sites and methane is one of the most in the air. Levels must be under the important to measure. explosive range of 5%. According to the National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH), targets Disastrous Effects of Unsafe Methane Levels should be set to reach below 1%. In 2015, it was calculated that Methane Fire and explosion are two of the main (CH₄) makes up approximately 10% of all risks of gas exposure but, human health greenhouse gases in the US. Over a 100- can also be affected. year period, its’ impact on trapping radiation has been 25 times greater than CO₂. Along with coal dust, it is the most common cause of coal mine Effects of Radon on Human Health explosions and is more readily ignitable. These explosions are Radon is an odorless, radioactive gas involved in uranium, usually caused by former methane explosions that force the coal, silver, and other forms of underground mining. The dust up into the air. When the dust is ignited, flames are more concentration of radon in mines varies a lot, but it is especially likely to spread over a long distance. common when uranium, found in rocks such as granite and limestone, is broken down to produce radium sediments. Sediments can then decay into this radioactive gas. If A high methane level lifting explosive coal dust into the air, the gas is allowed to build up it begins to decay, forming resulted in some of the largest coal mine accidents in history. solid particles which can then enter the lungs, unable to Including: escape. This is the main source of radiation in most forms of 1906: 1,099 killed in the Courrières mine disaster in North underground mining and lung cancer can be a serious result. France The results of exposure to many of these gases and dust 1913: 439 killed in a mine disaster at Senghenydd in South particles, indicates the importance of protection for mining Wales. workers. Luckily, many of these medical problems can be prevented through better ventilation systems, personal 1942: 1549 killed in a mine in Benxihu Colliery, China. Request a Demo 6 protective equipment (PPE), or even the elimination of these Alternative Safer Substance particles altogether. If there is a safer alternative for any of the dust particles or gases used, this is also recommended. For example, scientists Removal or Alteration of Unsafe Substances in Northwestern University discovered cornstarch as being an environmentally friendly alternative to the highly poisonous The most effective way of preventing miner’s health problems cyanide. This was used by almost every gold mining site to caused by substance exposure is to remove them from a separate gold from other raw materials. mining site. Changing these particles for a safer equivalent is another effective method, but workers may need to receive the proper mine safety training to notice any of the effects “The elimination of cyanide from the gold industry is of the of exposure, and provided with efficient Personal Protective utmost importance environmentally.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Coal and Oil: the Dark Monarchs of Global Energy – Understanding Supply and Extraction Patterns and Their Importance for Futur
    nam et ipsa scientia potestas est List of Papers This thesis is based on the following papers, which are referred to in the text by their Roman numerals. I Höök, M., Aleklett, K. (2008) A decline rate study of Norwe- gian oil production. Energy Policy, 36(11):4262–4271 II Höök, M., Söderbergh, B., Jakobsson, K., Aleklett, K. (2009) The evolution of giant oil field production behaviour. Natural Resources Research, 18(1):39–56 III Höök, M., Hirsch, R., Aleklett, K. (2009) Giant oil field decline rates and their influence on world oil production. Energy Pol- icy, 37(6):2262–2272 IV Jakobsson, K., Söderbergh, B., Höök, M., Aleklett, K. (2009) How reasonable are oil production scenarios from public agen- cies? Energy Policy, 37(11):4809–4818 V Höök M, Söderbergh, B., Aleklett, K. (2009) Future Danish oil and gas export. Energy, 34(11):1826–1834 VI Aleklett K., Höök, M., Jakobsson, K., Lardelli, M., Snowden, S., Söderbergh, B. (2010) The Peak of the Oil Age - analyzing the world oil production Reference Scenario in World Energy Outlook 2008. Energy Policy, 38(3):1398–1414 VII Höök M, Tang, X., Pang, X., Aleklett K. (2010) Development journey and outlook for the Chinese giant oilfields. Petroleum Development and Exploration, 37(2):237–249 VIII Höök, M., Aleklett, K. (2009) Historical trends in American coal production and a possible future outlook. International Journal of Coal Geology, 78(3):201–216 IX Höök, M., Aleklett, K. (2010) Trends in U.S. recoverable coal supply estimates and future production outlooks. Natural Re- sources Research, 19(3):189–208 X Höök, M., Zittel, W., Schindler, J., Aleklett, K.
    [Show full text]
  • Mine Rescue Team Training: Metal and Nonmetal Mines (MSHA 3027, Formerly IG 6)
    Mine Rescue Team Training Metal and Nonmetal Mines U.S. Department of Labor Mine Safety and Health Administration National Mine Health and Safety Academy MSHA 3027 (Formerly IG 6) Revised 2008 Visit the Mine Safety and Health Administration website at www.msha.gov CONTENTS Introduction Your Role as an Instructor Overview Module 1 – Surface Organization Module 2 – Mine Gases Module 3 – Mine Ventilation Module 4 – Exploration Module 5 – Fires, Firefighting, and Explosions Module 6 – Rescue of Survivors and Recovery of Bodies Module 7 – Mine Recovery Module 8 – Mine Rescue Training Activities Introduction Throughout history, miners have traveled underground secure in the knowledge that if disaster strikes and they become trapped in the mine, other miners will make every possible attempt to rescue them. This is the mine rescue tradition. Today’s mine rescue efforts are highly organized operations carried out by groups of trained and skilled individuals who work together as a team. Regulations require all underground mines to have fully-trained and equipped professional mine rescue teams available in the event of a mine emergency. MSHA’s Mine Rescue Instruction Guide (IG) series is intended to help your mine to meet mine rescue team training requirements under 30 CFR Part 49. The materials in this series are divided into self-contained units of study called “modules.” Each module covers a separate subject and includes suggestions, handouts, visuals, and text materials to assist you with training. Instructors and trainers may wish to use these materials to either supplement existing mine rescue training, or tailor a program to fit their mine-specific training needs.
    [Show full text]
  • Instruction Guide Series IG7
    Advanced Mine Rescue Training Coal Mines U.S. Department of Labor Mine Safety and Health Administration National Mine Health and Safety Academy Instruction Guide Series IG7 Revised 2 0 1 3 Visit the Mine Safety and Health Administration website at www.msha.gov CONTENTS Introduction Your Role as an Instructor Overview Module 1 – Surface Organization Module 2 – Mine Gases Module 3 – Mine Ventilation Module 4 – Exploration Module 5 – Fires, Firefighting, and Explosions Module 6 – Rescue of Survivors and Recovery of Bodies Module 7 – Mine Recovery Page Intentionally Left Blank Introduction Throughout history, miners have traveled underground secure in the knowledge that if disaster strikes and they become trapped in the mine, other miners will make every possible attempt to rescue them. This is the mine rescue tradition. Today’s mine rescue efforts are highly organized operations carried out by groups of trained and skilled individuals who work together as a team. Underground coal mine rescue team members must be trained according to the requirements under 30 CFR 49.18. Under Section 49.18(b)(4), this training must consist of advanced mine rescue training and procedures, as prescribed by MSHA's Office of Educational Policy and Development (EPD). This guide is designed to be used with the material in IG-7a, Advanced Skills Training, and both guides are needed to satisfy the advanced mine rescue training requirement. This guide is divided into self-contained units of study called “modules.” Each module covers a separate subject and includes suggestions, handouts, visuals, and text materials to assist you with training. Since regulations, policy and mining technology can change, be sure to check for information that could supersede this material.
    [Show full text]
  • Evoluzione Della Rivelazione Antincendio
    EVOLUZIONE DELLA RIVELAZIONE ANTINCENDIO Gianfranco Rocchi Il carbone era così abbondante in Gran Bretagna l nome di Silfax fu una rivelazione per il che l'offerta poteva essere aumentata per vecchio Overman. Era quello dell'ultimo «penitente» della fossa Dochart. Un tempo, soddisfare la domanda in rapida crescita. Nel 1700 prima dell'invenzione della lampada di la produzione annua di carbone era di poco sicurezza, Simon Ford aveva conosciuto inferiore ai 3 milioni di tonnellate; ottant’anni dopo quest'uomo truce, che, a rischio della vita, era raddoppiata, raggiungendo una quantità pari andava ogni giorno a provocare esplosioni a quella che sarebbe stata, circa, la produzione di parziali di gas. Aveva visto questa creatura una settimana e mezza nel XX secolo. I minatori strana vagare per la miniera accompagnata avevano iniziato a formare dei sindacati e da un enorme harfang, una specie di civetta combattere per migliorare delle condizioni di mostruosa, che l'aiutava nel suo pericoloso lavoro a dir poco bestiali. Oltre ai rischi di crollo, mestiere portando lo stoppino acceso dove la mano di Silfax non poteva arrivare. [...] Era una all'ambiente insalubre e ai ritmi e carichi di lavoro specie di selvaggio, che non parlava con nessuno, massacranti, i minatori dovevano fare i conti con la e si diceva che non temesse né l'acqua né il minaccia delle miscele di gas tossiche, infiammabili fuoco! Per puro capriccio aveva scelto il ed esplosive. All'inizio venivano bruciati dei fuochi mestiere di penitente, che pochi amavano, e nella parte inferiore dei pozzi di ventilazione per questa pericolosa professione aveva turbato le creare correnti convettive e far circolare l'aria, ma sue idee.
    [Show full text]
  • By Kirk V. Cammack Contributions of the Graduate School Indiana
    Mine gases and ventilation Item Type Thesis Authors Cammack, Kirk V. Download date 05/10/2021 12:49:25 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10484/4732 MINE GASES ill~D VN~TILATION By Kirk V. Cammack Contributions of the Graduate School Indiana State Teachers College Number 495 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Education 1943 The thesis of .__....:K:;,;;I::::R~K::.-....:V;...,.:.:...-..::C.:.::A:::.:M:;:]'viA::.:;.:oCK=-- , Contribution of the Graduate Sohool, Indiana state Teachers College, Number 495 , under the title MINE GASES AND VENT ILAT ION is hereby approved as counting toward the completion of the Master's degree in the amount of ~ hours' oredit. Committee on thesis: , Chairman Date of Aoceptanoe i3 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. THE PROBLEM • •••• • • • • •• • • • • • •••• • •• • • • • • • •• 1 The problem ............................. 1 Statement of the probLem • •• •• • • ••• • • • • 1 Importance of the study ................. 2 Previous studies relative to the subject .. 3 Organization of material ••••.......••••• 4 Quest ionnaire used •••.•.••••••••.••• o. 5 Sources of materia.l ••••••••••••••••••••• 9 II. NORMAL AIR ·............................... 11 ·Definition of terms • •••••• • • •• • • • •• •• • • • 12 Composition of air ...................... 14 Oxygen • • • • • • ••• • • • • •• • ••• • • •• • • • • •••• • • • 15 Nitrogen •...............•••............. 16 Carbon dioxide •........................ 18 Questions for Chapter II ................ 21 III. MINE GASES
    [Show full text]
  • Office of Mines and Minerals Practical Mining Manual
    OFFICE OF MINES AND MINERALS PRACTICAL MINING MANUAL Revised January 2019 New Law Changes Effective January 1, 2017 1) Pre-shirt is 3 hours prior to the beginning of the next shift. 2) Escapeways are made weekly instead of daily. 3) The mine manager cannot act as a mine examiner. 4) On idle shifts, only the areas where men are required to work or travel need be examined. 5) Mines that have a minimum of 120 PSI seals are required to be examined weekly. Mines that have seals less than 120 PSI are required to examine all seals daily. 6) The person receiving the call out from a certified mine examiner, must also be a certified mine examiner, and must sign the books and record his/her number. 7) Before the examination is complete the books must be signed by the mine examiner and the mine manager. If the examination has been called out the books also must be signed by the certified person taking the call out. 2 ILLINOIS MINING LAWS PRACTICAL COAL MINING COURSE LESSON ILLINOIS MINING LAWS (Answers stated in simplified terms) 1. Q. What are the duties of a mine manager as prescribed by “The Coal Mining Act”? A. He shall see that the mine examiner properly performs his duties as follows: (The duties of the mine examiner; Section 6.04-6.11) When performing his duties, he shall carry an approved gas detector in good working order, a sounding rod, an anemometer, a watch, a measure, pencil, paper, and chalk. Within 3 hours before the beginning of the shift, he shall examine all active working places, testing with an approved gas detector for firedamp, and for oxygen deficiency; he shall also test the roof, ribs and faces of active working areas, travel ways, roadways, and the approaches to abandoned workings for any unsafe condition.
    [Show full text]
  • Belt Examiner Study Guide
    West Virginia Office of Miners’ Health, Safety and Training Belt Examiners Study Guide Revised October 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 5 BELTS AND CONVEYORS 10 ROOF CONTROL 14 VENTILATION 19 MINE GASES 22 FIRE PROTECTION/FIRE HAZARDS 25 INSPECTION AND REPORTING PROCEDURES 28 COAL AND COAL DUST 30 ELECTRICITY 32 INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS 34 GENERAL SAFETY 36 DRAINAGE 42 EMERGENCY SHELTERS, COMMUNICATIONS AND TRACKING, SCSRS 43 ADMINISTRATIVE 46 PRACTICAL EXAMPLES 49 Being a belt examiner carries a huge responsibility! Not only are you making it safe for others but you have to remain safe while you are doing it. SAFETY FIRST! 1 CERTIFICATION STANDARDS FOR UNDERGROUND BELT EXAMINERS CRITERIA REQUIRED TO TEST FOR UNDERGROUND BELT EXAMINER ✓ Must present a valid West Virginia underground miners certificate ✓ Must have a minimum of two (2) years practical underground experience ✓ Must present proper photo ID ✓ Must complete an OFFICIAL BELT EXAMINER EXPERIENCE DOCUMENT ✓ The examination fee is $10.00 REQUIRED EXAMINATION COMPONENTS Written ➢ Belt conveyor legal requirements ➢ Roof control practices ➢ Mine ventilation, including ventilating a map ➢ Mine gases and instruments ➢ Fire hazards ➢ Inspection and reporting procedures Practical ➢ Anemometer ➢ Multi-gas detector EXAMINATION PASSAGE CRITERIA A score of 75% or greater on the written part and the passage of the practical parts are required to pass the examination in order to receive the Belt Examiner certification. Any person who fails the written or the practical
    [Show full text]
  • Neimme-Jba-7
    NEIMME-JBA-7 NEIMME-JBA-7-1/2 31st August 1895 Letter from J.B. Atkinson, receiver unknown, commenting on an accident that lead to the death of Andrew Brunton in a mine in the Shotts district. He argues with the contention of a Mr. Ewell that the accident could have been avoided had the provisions of the Coal Mines act been carried out or his further belief that all the collieries in that district had been worked in the same culpable and criminal manner as the pit in question. Mr. Atkinson continues by arguing that the accident was probably the result of a lack of checking of the workplace by a fireman before workmen began, although adds that the matter was complicated by the nature of the repair work being carried out. The Coal Mines act as it stands , he continues, does not enforce the checking of a place under General Rule 4 before it is to be repaired or brushed, a problem which Mr. Atkinson says he has frequently called attention to and has recently brought a prosecution touching on the subject. Regarding the case in question, he remarks that he has had some difficulty in convincing mine owners to inspect places prior to the miners ordinary shift beginning at 6 a.m. He adds that if the brushers came to work before this shift the inspection would not be necessary, but an inspection during the shift would still be necessary under General Rule 4(ii). He also adds that brushers might be appointed as inspectors, although adds that their position as contractors for getting minerals may rule them out under the Mines act.
    [Show full text]
  • Restructuring Extractive Production and the Socio-Ecological Crisis in West Virginia's Coalfields
    Syracuse University SURFACE Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Geography - Theses Affairs 8-2013 Battle for the Mountains: Restructuring Extractive Production and the Socio-ecological Crisis in West Virginia's Coalfields Ben Marley Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/geo_thesis Part of the Geography Commons, History Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Marley, Ben, "Battle for the Mountains: Restructuring Extractive Production and the Socio-ecological Crisis in West Virginia's Coalfields" (2013). Geography - Theses. 6. https://surface.syr.edu/geo_thesis/6 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Geography - Theses by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract The coalfields of southern West Virginia have faced recurring crises linked to its regional political economy. Today’s crisis is constituted by the decimation on the United Mine Workers of America and the greater use of mountaintop removal coal mining in conjunction with policies and market conditions. This thesis argues that crisis in southern West Virginia’s coalfields, like previous crises, will mean the reorganization of human and extra-human natures in which social movements along with economic conditions play an integral role in transcending the crisis. Tracing the history of crises in southern West Virginia’s coalfields and interviewing retired coal miners, community members, and environmental activists I examine how the current crisis is different than previous crises. Utilizing James O’Connor’s theory of second contradiction of capitalism and Jason Moore’s world-ecological perspective, I geographically and historically situate a case study of southern West Virginia’s coalfields with the intention of bridging large- scale theories and empirical studies.
    [Show full text]
  • A Teaching Resource Pack Introduction
    Coal A Teaching Resource Pack Introduction How to use this resource: This resource has been created to stimulate independent investigation of coal and coal mining in the South Wales coalfield. This also supports the ‘From Pithead to Sickbed and Beyond’ travelling exhibition. This resource is divided into five separate investigations that help prompt your own classroom enquiry around the history of mining in Wales. Intended outcomes: At the end of this investigation it is expected that pupils will have increased knowledge and understanding of changes in daily life during the nineteenth century. The investigation will also be relevant for all skills across History as well as Science and Geography. You may choose to carry out one, or all investigations during your study. An iBook resource is also available with accompanying images and video to support your learning. Two miners ready for work. Amgueddfa Cymru Investigation 1 COAL When was coal formed? Most of Britain’s coal seams were formed from the remains of plants growing 280-300 million years ago in forests. Similar forests are found today in places like the Everglades (Florida, U.S.A) but many of the plants are different. The forests formed in Britain’s coal seams, existed in the period called the CARBONIFEROUS period. Some coal seams (in Australia and parts of Europe) formed BROWN COAL which took much less time to develop, and is only about 80 million years old. Reconstruction of the levee of a river that flowed through the tropical wetlands 300 million years ago. The plants growing on these levees are often found as How was coal formed? fossils in the rocks associated with coals in Wales.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidance on Managing the Risk of Hazardous Gases When Drilling Or Piling Near Coal
    Version 2 Resolving the impacts of mining Guidance on managing the risk of hazardous gases when drilling or piling near coal Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. April 2019 1 Guidance on managing the risk of hazardous gases when drilling or piling near coal – Version 2 April 2019 Contents 1. Introduction Page 11 2. Scope Page 11 3. Disclaimer Page 12 4. Legal Duties / Competence Page 13 4.1. The Boreholes Sites and Operations Regulations 1995 Page 14 4.2. The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 Page 16 4.2.1. Client Page 16 4.2.1.1. Domestic Client Page 16 4.2.1.2. Commercial Client Page 16 4.2.2. Principal Designer Page 17 4.2.3. Designer Page 17 4.2.4. Principal Contractor Page 18 4.2.5. Contractor Page 20 4.2.6. Drilling and Piling Operatives Page 21 4.2.7. Plant Operatives Page 21 4.2.8. Site Supervisors Page 22 4.2.9. Site Engineers Page 22 4.2.10. Site Managers Page 23 5. Coal Mine Gases – Properties and Problems Page 24 5.1. Coal Mine Gases and their Principal Hazards Page 24 5.1.1. Atmospheric Air Page 24 5.1.2. Oxygen Page 24 5.1.3. Methane Page 25 5.1.4. Carbon Dioxide Page 26 5.1.5. Carbon Monoxide Page 26 5.1.6. Hydrogen Sulphide Page 26 5.1.7. Hydrogen Page 27 5.1.8. Other Gases Page 27 5.1.9. Characteristics and Effects of Toxic Mines Gases Page 28 5.2.
    [Show full text]
  • IG 19 Mine Emergency Training
    BUREAU OF MINES INSTRUCTION GUIDE 19 INE I MERGENCY '\ I RAINING BUREAU OF MINES INSTRUCTION GUIDE 19 MINE EMERGENCY TRAINING by Division of Education and Training Services u.s. Department of the Interior Bureau of Mines Health and Safety Activity Office of Education and Training September 1972 PREFACE This text is one of a series of instruction guides developed to help health and safety instructors in the presentation of mine rescue training courses to the people of the mineral industry. The guide contains three sections: Suggestions to the instructor, an introduc- tion to the course stating its objectives and recommended class time, the text of the course keyed to visuals developed for use in the course. The visuals shown are available from the Bureau in 35-millimeter slides for use with a standard slide projector. For complete information on what materials are available and a schedule of current prices, write to-- Division of Education and Training Services U.S. Bureau of Mines 4800 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213 For assistance in the presentation, ~ecordkeeping, and certification of this course, contact your local U.S. Bureau of Mines training office. CONTENTS Preface. •.••.••.•..•••••..•.•..•.••.•••.••....••••.•.••••••.••.•.••...••• i Sugges tions for the ins truc tor. ••.••••••••••••••••••..•••..••••.••....••• 1 Introduction •............................................................ 3 Purpo se ,••.•••..••••••.••••••••••••...•••.••••..•.•.•••••••.•..•.••• 3 Goals and methods ....•....•..... '. 3 Objectives. ... .. .. .. ...
    [Show full text]