SQA-SCOTTISH QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY Hanover House 24 Douglas Street GLASGOW G2 7NG NATIONAL CERTIFICATE MODULE DESCRIPTOR
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Coal and Oil: the Dark Monarchs of Global Energy – Understanding Supply and Extraction Patterns and Their Importance for Futur
nam et ipsa scientia potestas est List of Papers This thesis is based on the following papers, which are referred to in the text by their Roman numerals. I Höök, M., Aleklett, K. (2008) A decline rate study of Norwe- gian oil production. Energy Policy, 36(11):4262–4271 II Höök, M., Söderbergh, B., Jakobsson, K., Aleklett, K. (2009) The evolution of giant oil field production behaviour. Natural Resources Research, 18(1):39–56 III Höök, M., Hirsch, R., Aleklett, K. (2009) Giant oil field decline rates and their influence on world oil production. Energy Pol- icy, 37(6):2262–2272 IV Jakobsson, K., Söderbergh, B., Höök, M., Aleklett, K. (2009) How reasonable are oil production scenarios from public agen- cies? Energy Policy, 37(11):4809–4818 V Höök M, Söderbergh, B., Aleklett, K. (2009) Future Danish oil and gas export. Energy, 34(11):1826–1834 VI Aleklett K., Höök, M., Jakobsson, K., Lardelli, M., Snowden, S., Söderbergh, B. (2010) The Peak of the Oil Age - analyzing the world oil production Reference Scenario in World Energy Outlook 2008. Energy Policy, 38(3):1398–1414 VII Höök M, Tang, X., Pang, X., Aleklett K. (2010) Development journey and outlook for the Chinese giant oilfields. Petroleum Development and Exploration, 37(2):237–249 VIII Höök, M., Aleklett, K. (2009) Historical trends in American coal production and a possible future outlook. International Journal of Coal Geology, 78(3):201–216 IX Höök, M., Aleklett, K. (2010) Trends in U.S. recoverable coal supply estimates and future production outlooks. Natural Re- sources Research, 19(3):189–208 X Höök, M., Zittel, W., Schindler, J., Aleklett, K. -
Mine Rescue Team Training: Metal and Nonmetal Mines (MSHA 3027, Formerly IG 6)
Mine Rescue Team Training Metal and Nonmetal Mines U.S. Department of Labor Mine Safety and Health Administration National Mine Health and Safety Academy MSHA 3027 (Formerly IG 6) Revised 2008 Visit the Mine Safety and Health Administration website at www.msha.gov CONTENTS Introduction Your Role as an Instructor Overview Module 1 – Surface Organization Module 2 – Mine Gases Module 3 – Mine Ventilation Module 4 – Exploration Module 5 – Fires, Firefighting, and Explosions Module 6 – Rescue of Survivors and Recovery of Bodies Module 7 – Mine Recovery Module 8 – Mine Rescue Training Activities Introduction Throughout history, miners have traveled underground secure in the knowledge that if disaster strikes and they become trapped in the mine, other miners will make every possible attempt to rescue them. This is the mine rescue tradition. Today’s mine rescue efforts are highly organized operations carried out by groups of trained and skilled individuals who work together as a team. Regulations require all underground mines to have fully-trained and equipped professional mine rescue teams available in the event of a mine emergency. MSHA’s Mine Rescue Instruction Guide (IG) series is intended to help your mine to meet mine rescue team training requirements under 30 CFR Part 49. The materials in this series are divided into self-contained units of study called “modules.” Each module covers a separate subject and includes suggestions, handouts, visuals, and text materials to assist you with training. Instructors and trainers may wish to use these materials to either supplement existing mine rescue training, or tailor a program to fit their mine-specific training needs. -
Gas Migration from Closed Coal Mines to the Surface. Risk Assessment Methodology and Prevention Means
Post-Mining 2005, November 16-17, Nancy, France 1 GAS MIGRATION FROM CLOSED COAL MINES TO THE SURFACE. RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY AND PREVENTION MEANS Zbigniew POKRYSZKA1, Christian TAUZIÈDE1 and Candice LAGNY1, Yves GUISE2, Rémy GOBILLOT2, Jean-Maurice PLANCHENAULT2, René LAGARDE2 1 INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA - BP N°2 - 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte – France; [email protected], [email protected]. 2 Charbonnages de France, 100 avenue Albert 1er - BP 220 - 92503 Rueil-Malmaison - France, [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT: French law as regards renunciation to mining concessions calls for the mining operator to first undertake analyses of the risks represented by their underground mining works. The problem of gas migration to the surface is especially significant in the context of coal mines. This is because mine gas can migrate to the earth's surface, then present significant risks: explosion, suffocation or gas poisoning risks. As part of the scheduled closure of all coal mining operations in France, INERIS has drawn up, at the request of national mining operator Charbonnages de France, a general methodology for assessing the risk linked to gas in the context of closed coal mines. This article presents the principles of this methodology. An application example based on a true case study is then described. This is completed by a presentation of the preventive and monitoring resources recommended and usually applied in order to manage the risk linked to gaseous emissions. KEYWORDS: gas, coal, mine, closure, risk. RESUME : La réglementation française en matière de renonciation aux concessions minières prévoit que l’exploitant minier réalise au préalable des analyses des risques présentés par ses travaux miniers souterrains. -
Coal Mine Methane Recovery: a Primer
Coal Mine Methane Recovery: A Primer U.S. Environmental Protection Agency July 2019 EPA-430-R-09-013 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was originally prepared under Task Orders No. 13 and 18 of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Contract EP-W-05-067 by Advanced Resources, Arlington, USA and updated under Contract EP-BPA-18-0010. This report is a technical document meant for information dissemination and is a compilation and update of five reports previously written for the USEPA. DISCLAIMER This report was prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). USEPA does not: (a) make any warranty or representation, expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained in this report, or that the use of any apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report may not infringe upon privately owned rights; (b) assume any liability with respect to the use of, or damages resulting from the use of, any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report; or (c) imply endorsement of any technology supplier, product, or process mentioned in this report. ABSTRACT This Coal Mine Methane (CMM) Recovery Primer is an update of the 2009 CMM Primer, which reviewed the major methods of CMM recovery from gassy mines. [USEPA 1999b, 2000, 2001a,b,c] The intended audiences for this Primer are potential investors in CMM projects and project developers seeking an overview of the basic technical details of CMM drainage methods and projects. The report reviews the main pre-mining and post-mining CMM drainage methods with associated costs, water disposal options and in-mine and surface gas collection systems. -
Explosibility of Coal Dust
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEOKGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR BULLETIN 425 THE EXPLOSIBILITY OF COAL DUST BY GEORGE S. RICE WITH CHAPTERS BX J. C. W. FRAZER, AXEL LARSEN, FRANK HAAS, AND CARL SCHOLZ WASHINGTON GOVERN M E N T P K I N T IN G OFFICE 1910 CONTENTS. Page. Introd uctory statement...................................... ............ 9 The coal-dust, problem................................................ 9 i Acknowledgments.................................................... 10 Historical review of the coal-dust question in Europe ....................... 11 Observations in England prior to 1850................................. 11 Observations by French engineers prior to 1890........................ 12 Experiments in England between 1850 and 1885........................ 12 Experiments in Prussia............................,.............:..... 14 Experiments in Austria between 1885 and 1891......................... 16 Views of English authorities between 1886 and 1908.................... 17 German, French, and Belgian stations for testing explosives............ 19 Altofts gallery, England, 1908......................................... 21 Second report of Royal Commission on Mines, 1909...................... 21 Recent Austrian experiments.......................................... 22 Historical review of the coal-dust question in the United States.............. 23 Grahamite explosions in West Virginia, 1871 and 1873.................. 23 Flour-mill explosion at Minneapolis, 1878............................. -
Flammable Gas Detection in Coal Mines – a Historical Perspective
FLAMMABLE GAS DETECTION IN COAL MINES – A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Underground coal mines are dangerous places in which to work. This short article explores why, in part, this is so. It also provides conclusions that indicate how a study of one of the hazards encountered, namely flammable gas, and the associated control measures that were developed, may help reduce the risk to modern-day workers. These would not necessarily be coal miners, but workers in any enclosed environment where similar conditions could exist, e.g. tunnelling, confined spaces. It should be noted that the presence of flammable gas is only one of the hazards encountered in coal mines. Other significant hazards are associated with the industry, each with their own risks of death and injury. Naturally occurring hydrocarbon gases that appear in typically with deeper mines, the gas is trapped in the interstices underground coal mines have historically been given the of the coal, only to be released when the coal-bearing rocks are name “firedamp”, derived from the German word for vapour penetrated by tunnels. Here it mixes with the oxygen in the air - “dampf”. Its main component is methane, although other provided for miners to breathe, generating potentially flammable hydrocarbons can be present at lower concentrations. atmospheres. Methane is generated when organic material decays in the The rate of release of firedamp from coal can vary between mines absence of oxygen. In coal mines, it was produced during the and between locations in the same mine. Sometimes it is so low formation of the coal and then subsequently trapped within the that flammable atmospheres are only created if the surrounding strata. -
Is Mine Water a Source of Hazardous Gas?
9th INTERNATIONAL MINE WATER CONGRESS Is mine water a source of hazardous gas? Jean Hall1, Dr Stephanie Glendinning1 and Professor Paul Younger2 1.School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne 2.Hydrogeochemical Engineering Research and Outreach (HERO), IRES, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: Mine gas; blackdamp; firedamp ABSTRACT Most coal and coal bearing strata contain significant quantities of gases. These gases are either potentially explosive in critical concentrations when mixed with air, others are toxic. Gases found in a mine are almost certainly a mixture of atmospheric air, inert gases, water vapour and one or more of the following: oxygen, carbon monoxide, methane, hydrogen sulphide, hydrogen and nitrous oxides. Gases such as “firedamp” and “blackdamp” may accumulate in poorly ventilated workings; these pose no threat provided they stay in the mine; however, gases can migrate through voids and strata and be emitted. All underground workings are affected by atmospheric pressure variations; mines can “breathe” over periods of rapid barometric pressure falls. Gas in confined underground atmospheres can come from three possible sources: desorption from exposed coal strata; exsolution from mine waters; and fossil gas trapped in pockets within the strata. Desorption from rock and exsolution from mine water are being quantified experimentally within coal measure strata at Caphouse Colliery in Yorkshire. This paper will present the findings to date and will conclude that mine water is a source of hazardous gas in mine atmospheres. INTRODUCTION Mine gases are as hazardous to the underground environment as they are to the surface environment. -
AC B1678 CN 622.8222 SPO 1976 DA 1976 T1 Spontaneous
Simtars Information Centre 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111 006374 AC B1678 CN 622.8222 SPO 1976 DA 1976 T1 Spontaneous combustion in underground coal mines (general notes for employees Jones~ H (Howard) AC 81678 CN 622.8222 SPa 1976 DA 1976 TI Spontaneous combustion in / underground coal mines - (general notes for employees AU Jones, H (Howard) - .. I OLD. LIBRARY SUPPLIES SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION IN UNDERGROUND COAL MINES (General notes for employees) Compiled by: HOWARD lONES, H.Se., C.Eng., F.G.S., .....------F.I.M.E., M. (Aust.) I.M.M. z onsulting Mining Engineer o ~~ ~t- a: wZ f2U Issued by: Z THE DEPARTMENT OF MINES, QUEENSLAND in conjunction with The Queensland Coal Owners Association and The Queensland Colliery Employees Union ~ionNo {.~2}{. Order No . PSF No . 02te RecelJed ..(;'..1.~.?.!.'- t. .. CtOissiiication ...•.. 1:~.':..~ "}-'}'). 85904-1 No ~f(l . ..........................t·7-·7·6... i CONTENTS Foreword 4 Introduction 6 The Development of a Heating . 7 Mine Gases Associated With Heatings 10 Detection of Heatings . 15 Dangers Associated With the Development of a Spontaneous Heating .. 17 General..... 22 Conclusion 27 3 85904-2 FOREWORD The phenomenon of spontaneous combustion in undergroun4 coal mines is not a new one. Its associated problems have been of great concern wherever and whenever coal mining has been practised. Two unfortunate accidents, at Box Flat in 1972 and at Kianga in 1975, which together claimed thirty-one lives, have focused attention on the need for all associated with the industry in Queensland to gain a full appreciation of the nature of the problems and how they can best be handled. Among the recommendations made by the Board of Inquiry into the Kianga Disaster were- (a) There is a basic need for all members of the coal mining industry in Queensland to improve their knowledge with regard to the funda mentals of spontaneous combustion and the underground mining problems associated therewith. -
Instruction Guide Series IG7
Advanced Mine Rescue Training Coal Mines U.S. Department of Labor Mine Safety and Health Administration National Mine Health and Safety Academy Instruction Guide Series IG7 Revised 2 0 1 3 Visit the Mine Safety and Health Administration website at www.msha.gov CONTENTS Introduction Your Role as an Instructor Overview Module 1 – Surface Organization Module 2 – Mine Gases Module 3 – Mine Ventilation Module 4 – Exploration Module 5 – Fires, Firefighting, and Explosions Module 6 – Rescue of Survivors and Recovery of Bodies Module 7 – Mine Recovery Page Intentionally Left Blank Introduction Throughout history, miners have traveled underground secure in the knowledge that if disaster strikes and they become trapped in the mine, other miners will make every possible attempt to rescue them. This is the mine rescue tradition. Today’s mine rescue efforts are highly organized operations carried out by groups of trained and skilled individuals who work together as a team. Underground coal mine rescue team members must be trained according to the requirements under 30 CFR 49.18. Under Section 49.18(b)(4), this training must consist of advanced mine rescue training and procedures, as prescribed by MSHA's Office of Educational Policy and Development (EPD). This guide is designed to be used with the material in IG-7a, Advanced Skills Training, and both guides are needed to satisfy the advanced mine rescue training requirement. This guide is divided into self-contained units of study called “modules.” Each module covers a separate subject and includes suggestions, handouts, visuals, and text materials to assist you with training. Since regulations, policy and mining technology can change, be sure to check for information that could supersede this material. -
The Composition of Coalbed Gas
Report of Investigations 7762 The Composition of Coalbed Gas By Ann G. Kim Pittsburgh Mining and Safety Research Center, Pittsburgh, Pa. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Rogers C. B. Morton, Secretary BUREAU OF MINES Elburt F. Osborn, Director This publication has been cataloged as follows : * Kim, Ann G The composition of coalbed gas. [washington] U.S. Bureau of Mines [ 19731 9 p. tables. (US. Bureau of Mines. Report of investigations 7762) hcludes bibliography. 1. Gas. 2. Mine gases. L US. Bureau of Mines. 11. Title. Ill. Title: Coalbed gas. (Series) TN23.U7 no. 7762 622.06173 U.S. Dept. of the Int. Library CONTENTS Page Abstract ................................................................. Intrductim .............................................................. Gas in coal: Theory ..................................................... Procedures ............. ................................................... Gases in coal: Data ...................................................... Smv.................................................................. References ............................................................... TABLES 1. Coalbeds sampled ..................................................... 2 . Composition of gas from Pocahontas No . 3 coal ........................ 3 . Hydrocarbons from Pocahontas No . 3 coal ...... ........................ 4 . Composition of gas from Pittsburgh coal . ............................ 5 . Composition of gas from Kittanning coalbeds .......................... 6 . Cmposition of -
Evoluzione Della Rivelazione Antincendio
EVOLUZIONE DELLA RIVELAZIONE ANTINCENDIO Gianfranco Rocchi Il carbone era così abbondante in Gran Bretagna l nome di Silfax fu una rivelazione per il che l'offerta poteva essere aumentata per vecchio Overman. Era quello dell'ultimo «penitente» della fossa Dochart. Un tempo, soddisfare la domanda in rapida crescita. Nel 1700 prima dell'invenzione della lampada di la produzione annua di carbone era di poco sicurezza, Simon Ford aveva conosciuto inferiore ai 3 milioni di tonnellate; ottant’anni dopo quest'uomo truce, che, a rischio della vita, era raddoppiata, raggiungendo una quantità pari andava ogni giorno a provocare esplosioni a quella che sarebbe stata, circa, la produzione di parziali di gas. Aveva visto questa creatura una settimana e mezza nel XX secolo. I minatori strana vagare per la miniera accompagnata avevano iniziato a formare dei sindacati e da un enorme harfang, una specie di civetta combattere per migliorare delle condizioni di mostruosa, che l'aiutava nel suo pericoloso lavoro a dir poco bestiali. Oltre ai rischi di crollo, mestiere portando lo stoppino acceso dove la mano di Silfax non poteva arrivare. [...] Era una all'ambiente insalubre e ai ritmi e carichi di lavoro specie di selvaggio, che non parlava con nessuno, massacranti, i minatori dovevano fare i conti con la e si diceva che non temesse né l'acqua né il minaccia delle miscele di gas tossiche, infiammabili fuoco! Per puro capriccio aveva scelto il ed esplosive. All'inizio venivano bruciati dei fuochi mestiere di penitente, che pochi amavano, e nella parte inferiore dei pozzi di ventilazione per questa pericolosa professione aveva turbato le creare correnti convettive e far circolare l'aria, ma sue idee. -
Explosive Mine Gases and Dusts
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR 383 NOTES ON EXPLOSIVE MINE GASES AND DUSTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO EXPLOSIONS IN THE MONONGAH, DARK, AND NAOMI COAL MINES BY ROLLIN THOMAS CHAMBERLIN WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1909 CONTENTS. Page. Introduction.............................................................. 5 Character of the report................................................. 5 Explosions studied.................................................... 6 Gases found in the mines.................................................. 7 Methods of collecting. ................................................... 7 Analyses............................................................. 8 Methane............................................................... 9 After damp....... T ................................................... 11 Deficiency of oxygen.......................--...--..- ------ ---- - -- 15 Possible conditions of gas in coal........................................... 1.6 Liberation of gas by crushing coal........................................... 17 Plan of experiments.................................................... 17 Method of crushing.................................:.................. 18 Detailed results....................................................... 18 Gases from coal bottled in a vacuum......................................... 24 Vacuum bottles....................................................... 24 Volume of gas..................'..............................