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Integrated Baseline Study Ten Communes of the Southwest Coast, South Department, Haiti

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Integrated Baseline Study Ten Communes of the Southwest Coast, South Department, Haiti Integrated Baseline Study Ten Communes of the Southwest Coast, South Department, Haiti E S U Ô T D C I N E I V T I A T I First published in May 2013 by the United Nations Environment Programme © 2013, United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi, KENYA Tel: +254 (0)20 762 1234 Fax: +254 (0)20 762 3927 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.unep.org This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder provided acknowledgement of the source is made. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from UNEP. The contents of this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of UNEP, or contributory organizations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or contributory organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. UNEP promotes environmentally sound practices globally and in its own activities. This publication is printed on recycled paper using eco-friendly practices. Our distribution policy aims to reduce UNEP’s carbon footprint. Integrated Baseline Study Ten Communes of the Southwest Coast, South Department, Haiti E S U Ô T D C I N E I V T I A T I TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ 4 ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................................. 9 LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... 11 LIST OF MAPS ......................................................................................................................... 12 LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... 13 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 15 2. METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW ............................................................................................ 17 3. STATUS OF THE MDGS IN TEN COMMUNES OF SOUTHWEST HAITI ................................. 18 4. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF SOUTHWEST HAITI .............................................................. 36 CHARACTERISTICS OF SURVEYED HOUSEHOLDS 39 POPULATION BREAKDOWN AND FERTILITY RATES 40 MAIN OCCUPATION 41 5. SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS (MDG 1) ................................................................................. 43 WEALTH INDEX 44 FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION 49 UNDER-NUTRITION OF CHILDREN UNDER FIVE 49 DIETARY DIVERSITY AND RETENTION OF NUTRITION 52 HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION 53 NUTRITION INTERVENTIONS IN SOUTHWEST HAITI 54 REMITTANCES 55 ACCESS TO COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE 56 MOBILE BANKING IN THE SOUTH DEPARTMENT 57 6. EDUCATION (MDGS 2 AND 3) .......................................................................................... 59 CHALLENGES TOWARDS ACHIEVING MDG 2 61 ADULT LITERACY RATE (BETWEEN 15 AND 49 YEARS OLD) 63 NET AND GROSS ATTENDANCE RATES IN PRIMARY EDUCATION 64 NET INTAKE RATE AT FIRST GRADE OF PRIMARY SCHOOLING 67 PROPORTION OF PUPILS STARTING GRADE 1 WHO REACH GRADE 5 68 GENDER EQUALITY IN EDUCATION 70 EDUCATION INTERVENTIONS IN SOUTHWEST HAITI 71 7. HEALTH (MDGS 4, 5, 6, AND 7) ........................................................................................ 73 REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY 75 IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH 79 FAMILY PLANNING 83 2 Integrated Baseline Study PREVALENCE OF HIV/AIDS (MDG 6) 85 MALARIA (MDG 6) 88 HEALTH INTERVENTIONS IN SOUTHWEST HAITI 90 8. WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE (MDG 7) ................................................................. 91 CHALLENGES IN THE WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE SECTOR 91 WATER QUALITY 93 PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLDS USING IMPROVED WATER SOURCES 95 INCIDENCE OF DIARRHEA 97 HOUSEHOLDS USING AN IMPROVED SANITATION FACILITY 99 MANAGEMENT OF WATER AND SANITATION IN SOUTHWEST HAITI 101 9. AGRICULTURE (MDGS 1 AND 7) .................................................................................... 104 MAIN CHALLENGES FOR THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR 105 AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES 108 LAND USE AND LAND COVER 110 PRIMARY CROPS HARVESTED BETWEEN 2011 AND 2012 113 CROP CONSUMPTION AND FOOD SECURITY 115 FISHERIES 117 CROP AND SOIL MANAGEMENT 118 LAND HOLDINGS AND LAND TENURE 124 10. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, DISASTER VULNERABILITY, AND ENERGY (MDG 7) ............. 127 BIOPHYSICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL PROFILE 128 MARINE RESOURCES 130 CLIMATE OVERVIEW 131 RAIN AND SOIL MOISTURE DYNAMICS IN THE PORT-À-PIMENT WATERSHED 137 DISASTER RISK AND VULNERABILITY 139 ENVIRONMENTAL RISK PERCEPTIONS 144 ENERGY 152 AGROFORESTRY AND TREE PLANTING 158 11. PLANNING, GOVERNANCE, AND INSTITUTIONS .......................................................... 160 MECHANISMS FOR GOVERNANCE AND PLANNING IN THE SOUTHWEST OF HAITI 160 FOREIGN AID AND INTERVENTIONS 162 REGIONAL AND LOCAL ACTORS IN GOVERNANCE, PLANNING AND PRACTICE 165 PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN ORGANIZATIONS AND EXTENSION TRAINING 167 PARTICIPATION IN LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS 167 PROPORTION OF WOMEN PARTICIPATING IN EXTENSION TRAININGS .......................................................... 168 12. BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 169 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Earth Institute team would like to acknowledge all those individuals and organizations that made our work possible: Funders: • The Haiti Reconstruction Fund for providing the financial support for the baseline design, data collection and data cleaning as part of the launch of the Cote Sud Initiative in 2011-2012. • The W. K. Kellogg Foundation for its financial support for the data analysis, mapping and its commitment to multi-year programming. • The Countess Moira Charitable Foundation for its ongoing financial support and specific funding for the agricultural field trials. • The Advanced Consortium for Conflict, Complexity and Cooperation (AC4) at the Earth Institute for providing multi-year funding for research on sustainable peace and land tenure. • The School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) at Columbia University for providing multi-year support and funding for CU student research teams who have worked alongside partner university students in Haiti. • Catholic Relief Services (CRS) for its additional financial support to ensure quality and complete data collection for the household survey. Technical Supporters: The communities within the ten communes of the southwest peninsula for their patience, generosity, and their willingness to participate in the household survey that made this report possible. We would like to especially acknowledge the household survey enumeration and mapping teams and their supervisors, the field coordinator and M&E manager at the CRS office in Les Cayes for their vital efforts conducting the household survey across the rough terrain of the ten communes to collect the quality data presented in this report: CRS M&E Manager: Sander, Joseph Jr Field coordinator: Pierre, Cernio Supervisors: Adras, Paul Arthur Gardy, Joseph Jean Ginius, Claudel Joseph, Jocelyn Serge, Max Daniel Mapping team: Agénor, Celius Bourgett, Germain 4 Integrated Baseline Study Jules, Pierre Jorel Messeroux, Jn Samuel Enumerators: Brizard, Ylwick Carlot, Dumé Charles, Stéphanie Coudeaux, Rodeline Desrosíers, Wesnel Erlange, O. Pierre Felix, Ruth Fenelon, Kesner Guernick, Chery Jolicoeur, James Milfort, Reginald Moïse, Gina Moulite, Jean Moudelaine Nozéa, Peguy Jean Perret, Michel Pierre, Chrislaine Regis, Jean François Senat, Frédo Simon, Fenel Additionally, we acknowledge the data entry team for their work in preparing the data for analysis: Data entry team: Abélard, John Thierry Laguerre, Néhémie Nozil, Frantz Plasimond, Rachelle Sannon, Saphinia GIS analyst: Ballin, Parnel • We would like to thank the Groupe Initiatives Pour un Port-à-Piment Nouveau, Konbit pour Port-à-Piment and the Foundation Macaya, for its extensive input, ideas, and support of this ongoing research. • The Government of Haiti for infusing its priorities and technical input into the design of the survey and ongoing input to the analysis. • The Ministère de la Planification et de la Coopération Externe for its oversight and guidance throughout the baseline process. • The Observatoire Nationale de la Pauvrete et de l’Exclusion Sociale for its technical input and advice to link the study with its national monitoring programs and collaborate on new methodologies for monitoring core development indicators at a national and regional scales. 5 • Le Centre Nationale d’Informations Geo-Spatiale for providing preliminary spatial data. • The American University of the Caribbean for generously sharing their facilities for joint lectures and soil testing, as well as their enthusiasm for developing deeper knowledge through inter-university networks. • The Université de Notre Dame d’Haïti for ongoing collaboration and participation of students in the survey teams as well as contributing to development of the university partnership program. • L’Université Publique du Sud Aux Cayes for participation in the research and public
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