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Existing Biological Environment

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Existing Biological Environment 9 Existing Biological Environment 9.1 Introduction This section describes the existing biological components in the study area which include the typical flora, wildlife, fishery resources, birds and other animals. The description is based on data collected from the field supplemented by available published and unpublished data, interviews with local residents and relevant authorities. The flora and fauna composi- tion of the study area was surveyed to assess the potential impacts of the proposed project implementation on the biological system, especially those components recognized as having some conservation and/or socio-economic value. Field samplings were augmented by cross references with other surveys and studies carried out in the area. In this study, emphasis was given primarily on higher plants and animals. Study surveys were conducted to achieve the following objectives: a) To describe the flora and fauna of the proposed project site and its surrounding areas. b) To assess and identify the impact of the proposed STP2 reclamation project on biologi- cal organisms, terrestrial flora and fauna. c) To propose proper mitigation measures that are suitable to minimize the prescribed im- pacts. The impacts and measures shall be further discussed in Chapter 11 . ng (Phase DevelopmentII) (STP2), Penang 9.2 Flora 9.2.1 General Study Background The study method implemented here was the transect survey, whereby the researchers docu- mented the typical and dominant species encountered in the study area. Apart from photo- graphic records, samples of unidentified species were also taken back to the UKM herbar- ium for further taxonomic identification. The results are shown in Table 9.1 and Photos 9.1 to 9.25 . DEIA thefor Proposed Reclamation of Seri Tanjung Pina 9-1 9.3 The Urban Settlement Habitat and Its General Flora The proposed project site runs through mainly urban settlement and disturbed open grounds of Tanjung Tokong district. Many secondary and cultivated species thrived here but do not include rare or endangered species of any special conservation interest ( Table 9.1 ). The sur- rounding landscape is dominated by high density settlement area with backyard cultivation, pockets of open scrub, disturbed vegetation as well as the faunas found within it ( Table 9.1 and Photos 9.1 to 9.25 ). The coastal vegetation comprises hardy grasses, low shrubs, scat- tered trees and different species of ornamental palms. The flat coastline covers an extensive residential and commercial area, sandy beaches, sandy mudflats and a reclaimed section belonging to the STP1 under various stages of construction. Photo 9.1 Photo9.2 Coastal Environment of the Study Area Seaside Vista in front of the Proposed Project Photo 9.3 Chapter 9: Existing Biological Environment Extensive Mudflat and Sandy Beach Exposed during Low Tide 9-2 Table 9.1 Checklist of Flora of the Study Area Family Scientific Name Local Name/Habitat Family Scientific Name Local Name/Habitat Family Scientific Name Local Name/Habitat Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica Mempelam (T,F) Hypoxidaceae Mollineria latifolia Lemba (H) Duranta sp. Duranta Kuning (O, Sh) Verbenaceae Annonaceae Annona muricata Durian Belanda (T,F) Adenanthera malayana Saga (T) Lantana camara Tahi Ayam (O, Sh) Allamanda cathartica Bunga Loceng (T,Sh) Cassia fistula Yellow Cassia (T) Alpinia galangal Lengkuas (H) Alstonia sp. Pulai (T) Legumunisaea Mimosa pudica Semalu (Cr) Curcuma domestica Kunyit (H) Apocynaceae Zingiberaceae Plumeria obtusa Kemboja Putih (O) Pterocarpus indicus Angsana (T) Lantana camara Bunga Tahi Ayam (O) Plumeria rubra Kemboja Merah (O) Tamarindus indica Asam Jawa (F) Zingiber officinale Halia (H) Alocasia esculantan Keladi (*BCP) Canaga adorata Kenanga (O) Notes: Araceae Magnoliaceae (*BCP) = Backyard Cultivated Plants, (F) = Fruits, (P) = Plantation crops, (H)=Herb, (V)= Vegeta- Homalomena sagittifolia Keladi Kemoyang Michelia champaca Cempaka (O) bles, (O) = Ornamentals, (T)=Tree, (Cm)=Climber, (G)=Grass (Cr)=Creeper, (Sh)=Shrub, (W) = Bombacae Durio zibethinus Durian (F) Malvaceae Hibiscus rosa sinensis Bunga Raya (O) Weed (Habit: T-tree/treelet, S-shrub, P-parasite, B-bamboo, Pl-palma, H-herb, E-Epiphyte, C-climber, Pn Cactaceae Pereskia sp. Jarum Tujuh Bilah (O) Melastomaceae Melastoma malabathricum Senduduk (Sh) -pandanus, Bn-banana) Caricaceae Carica papaya Betik (F) Meliaceae Sandoricum keotjapi Sentul (F) Casuarinacea Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarinas/Rhu (T) Artocarpus integer Cempedak (F) Combretacea Terminalia catappa Ketapang (T) Moraceae Artocarpus heterophyllus Nangka/Jackfruit (F) Compositae Cosmos caudatus Ulam Raja (V) Ficus fistuloca Ara (T) Ipomea batatas Keledek (Cr, BCP) Musa acuminata Banana/Pisang (T) Convulvulaceae Musaceae Ipomea pes-capre Tapak Kuda (Cr) Musa parasidica Pisang (BCP) Cyperus radians Menerung (G) Myrtaceae Psidium guajava Jambu Batu (T) Cyperaceae Cyperus compressus Sedge (Cr) Averrhoa bilimbi Belimbing Buluh (F) Oxalidaceae Fimbristylis sp. Rumput Para (G) Averrhoa carambola Belimbing Besi (F) Dilleniaceae Dillenia suffruticosa Simpoh (T) Areca cathecu Pinang (F) Codium variegatum Pudding (O) Arenga pinnata Pinang (P) Palmae Excocaria gallocha Buta-buta (T) Cocos nucifera Kelapa (F) Macaranga hypoleuca Mahang Putih (T) Elaeis guinensis Kelapa Sawit (P) Macaranga gigantea Mahang Gajah (T) Pandanaceae Pandanus sp. Pandan (BCP) Euphorbiacea Manihot esculenta Tapioca (T, BCP) Piper betel Sireh (Cm, BCP) ng (Phase DevelopmentII) (STP2), Penang Piperaceae Manihot utilissima Ubi Kayu (T, BCP) Piper longum Kaduk (V) Mallotus angustifolius Balik Angin (T) Pontederiaceae Eichornia crassipes Water Hyacinth (M) Sebastiana grandiflora Turi (V) Punicaceae Punica gratum Delima (F) Fabaceae Acacia mangium Acacia (T) Morinda citrofolia Mengkudu (H) Bambusa sp. Buluh B(M) Ixora grandifolia Jenjarum (T) Rubiaceae Chrysopogon aciculatus Kemuncup Cacak (G) Citrus aurantifolia Limau Nipis (F) Cympogon citratus Serai (H) Citrus hystix Limau Purut (F) Cympogon nardus Serai Wangi (H) Rutaceae Citrus fortunella microcarpa Limau Kasturi (F) Graminae Erachne triseta Rumput Rayap (G) Nephelium lappaceum Rambutan (F) Sapindaceae Ischaemum muticum Centipede Grass (G) Nephelium rembutan-ake Pulasan (F) Leptaspis urceolata Rumput Hawai (G) Tiliaceae Multingera calibura Ceri (F) Lophantherum gracile Rumput Kelulut (G) Nelumbonaceae Nelumbo nucifera Teratai (O) Zea mays Jagung (BCP) Capsicum annum Cili Padi (V) Solanaceae Lauracea Cinnamomum iners Kayu Manis (T) Solanum torvum Terung Pipit (V) DEIA thefor Proposed Reclamation of Seri Tanjung Pina 9-3 Photo 9.4 Coastal View of Revetment Works along Gurney Drive ng (Phase DevelopmentII) (STP2), Penang Photo 9.5 Photo 9.6 Landscaping Works being Undertaken at STP1 Wayside Trees along Gurney Drive Photo 9.7 Photo 9.8 House Crows (Corvus splendens) Black-naped Oriole (Oriolus chinensis) DEIA thefor Proposed Reclamation of Seri Tanjung Pina 9-4 Photo 9.9 Photo 9.10 Ciak Rumah (Passer flaveolus) Litte Egret (Egretta garzetta) Photo 9.11 Photo 9.12 Mudskipper at Low Tide Wading Birds Feeding on the Mudflat during Low Tide Photo 9.13 Photo 9.14 Fish Traps at Tanjung Tokong Common Ground Dove (Columbina passerina) Photo 9.15 Photo 9.16 Sea Urchin Stranded on the Beach Clams Occur Abundantly at Tanjung Tokong Beach Chapter 9: Existing Biological Environment 9-5 Photo 9.17 Photo 9.18 Cockles Harvested at Tanjung Tokong Beach Fan Mussel (Fina sp. ) Photo 9.19 Regenerating Mangrove on Mudflat ng (Phase DevelopmentII) (STP2), Penang Photo 9.20 Photo 9.21 Green Lipped Mussel (Perna viridis) Hibiscus tiliaceus Photo 9.22 Photo 9.23 Monitor Lizard Basking on the Revetment at the Pro- Beach Vegetation at Tanjung Tokong near Tua Pek posed Project Site Kong Temple DEIA thefor Proposed Reclamation of Seri Tanjung Pina 9-6 Photo 9.24 Photo 9.25 Esplanade and Newly Planted Trees at the Reclaimed A Fishermen Harvesting Cockles and Clams at Tan- STP1 Site jung Tokong Beach during Low Tide The floral component is predominantly comprised of disturbed and planted vegetations, pio- neering species, cultivated ornamentals, roadside trees, turf grasses and other landscaping elements. In stretches where reclamation and coastal protection works have been under- taken, the area has been developed into high density residentials, whilst small pockets iso- lated fishing settlements can still be found along the coastline of Tanjung Tokong area, squeezed in between the densely populated high rise complexes and the industrial zone. The open grounds of open lots, abandoned properties and dumpsites are vegetated by weedy overgrowths that include ferns, grasses, Lalang ( Imperata cylindrica ), Simpoh (Dillenia suf- froticosa ), Tahi Ayam ( Lantana camara), Mahang ( Macaranga sp.), and many others (Table 9.1 ). Bare open grounds are naturally covered by invasive species, wild grasses and secondary shrubs, while riparian zones near the coastline are protected by thin strips of man- groves, scrub, tall grasses and other riparian species such as Water hyacinth ( Eichornia crassipes ), Menerung ( Cyperus sp.), wild taro (Araceae), Kangkung (Convulvulaceae), etc. Cultivated species are mainly represented by backyard plants and fruit trees such as man- goes, durian, jackfruit, tapioca, banana, garden herbs, vegetables and potted ornamentals as listed in Table 9.1. 9.3.1 Floral Surveys of the Riparian Zones of Sungai Bagan Jermal The flora surveys of Sungai Bagan Jermal were conducted by land along both banks of the riparian zone from the river mouth up to 300 m inland. This patch
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