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Statement of the Director General to the 21St Session of the General Conference of the IAEA

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Statement of the Director General to the 21St Session of the General Conference of the IAEA Statement of the Director General to the 21st Session of the General Conference of the IAEA INTRODUCTORY REMARKS May I first express our warmest thanks to President Kirchschlager for his kindness in joining us today to celebrate the twentieth anniversary of the International Atomic Energy Agency and for his thoughtful statement. His interest in and support for the Agency is evidenced by the fact that this is the second time this year that he has assisted in opening one of our meetings, the previous occasion being the Salzburg Conference in May. I would also like to convey through him to the Government and people of Austria and to the City of Vienna our sincere appreciation for the twenty years of generous and unfailing hospitality and understanding that the Agency has enjoyed in the city and in this country. I would like to thank the President of the National Council, Mr. Anton Benya, and the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Dr. Willibald Pahr, for honouring this conference with their presence. The founders of the Agency showed wisdom not only in the far-sighted provisions of the Agency's Statute but also in the selection of Vienna as the permanent headquarters of the Agency, a choice which has encouraged other United Nations organizations to come here, such as our sister organization UN I DO, and which I hope will be followed by many more. I should like to extend a special welcome to our guests of honour, each of whom has played a significant role in the history of the Agency. These include: Ambassador G.P. Arkadiev, Professor H.G. de Carvalho, Mr. Sterling Cole, Professor V.S. Emelyanov, Dr. Bertrand Goldschmidt, Professor Bernhard Gross, Ambassador Karl Gruber, Father Hesburgh, Ambassador Heinrich Hay merle. Professor 1.1. Rabi, and Ambassador Henry D. Smyth. A special welcome goes to Dr. I/V.B. Lewis, chairman of the Scientific Advisory Committee and the present members of the committee. Ambassador Paul R. Jolles and Ambassador P. Winkler, who were also invited, were unfortunately unable to attend. May I also ask you, Mr. Winspeare-Guicciardi, to convey our thanks to the Secretary-General for his kind message. THE FIRST YEARS The idea of creating an international atomic energy agency dealing with the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and their regulation was first put before the world by President Eisenhower in his address to the General Assembly on 8 December 1953; until that time, nuclear energy had primarily been known for its power to destroy. The General Assembly acclaimed the President's proposal. 6 IAEA BULLETIN - VOL.19, NO.6 In October 1956, a Conference of 81 nations put the final touches to the Agency's Statute and opened it for signature. Just prior to that, in August 1955, the first Geneva Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy had led to the disclosure of previously classified scientific and technical secrets (including, incidentally, the technology of reprocessing, but not of enrichment). The Conference revealed to the international community the peaceful potential of nuclear energy and created a surge of optimism with respect to its early use throughout the world. The Agency's Statute entered into force in July 1957, and the first General Conference was held in the Konzerthaus in Vienna in October of that year under the Presidency of the former Austrian Foreign Minister, Dr. Karl Gruber. Among other decisions it was decided to locate the permanent headquarters of the Agency in Vienna. In December 1957 the first Director General, Mr. Sterling Cole, signed the Headquarters Agreement with the late Dr. Leopold Figl, who was then the Foreign Minister of Austria. Article II of the Agency's Statute describes the objectives of the Agency "to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world". The Article continues: "It shall ensure, so far as it is able, that assistance provided by it or at its request or under its supervision or control is not used in such a way as to further any military purpose". The first objective gives the organization the advantage of dealing with scientific and technical matters where understandings can be reached more easily than when dealing with political matters. But as the late Ralph Bunche said when addressing this conference eleven years ago: "The Agency cannot live in a political vacuum". Through the second statutory objective, the Agency is brought into the political field and circumstances to which I shall refer later have given the Agency a political importance which only a true optimist could have foreseen in 1957. Ten years after the first General Conference the Board accepted the generous offer by the Austrian Government to provide a site and buildings for the Agency's permanent headquarters, which according to latest information, will be ready for occupancy in the summer of 1979. A few comparative figures may be of interest. As of 1 October 1957 the IAEA had 54 Member States. Today, there are 110. This growth has also been reflected in the Agency's Board of Governors, the executive organ of the Agency which, in 1957, had 23 Members and today has 34. While in 1958 the Board held a total of 70 meetings, by the middle of the 1960's and during recent years the number declined to not more than eight to ten. The Board has changed from a forum for political debates to an effective decision-making body and is often quoted as such in the UN family. As regards the Agency's staff, it has grown form 400 in 1958 to 1400 now. The representation of staff from as wide a geographic area as possible is an important structural requirement of an international organization. Twenty-eight nationalities were represented in 1958; today there are 61. The Regular Budget for 1958 amounted to about $4 million and for 1978 it is set at about $51 000 000. IAEA BULLETIN-VOL.19, NO.6 7 The President of the Federal Republic of Austria, Dr. Kirchschlager (centre), is shown being escorted to the opening session by Mr. Etemad, the Conference President (left) and Ambassador Amadou M. Cisse of Senegal, 1976/77 Chairman of the IAEA Board of Governors. Assembly of guests of honour and delegates to the General Conference at the opening session during the performance of the Alban Berg String Quartet. IAEA BULLETIN - VOL.19, NO.6 Mr. W. Sterling Cole of the USA (right), the first Director General of the IAEA, is greeted by Dr. Sigvard Ekiund, who was appointed to his fifth term as Director General by the Conference. In the centre is Dr. Bernhard Gross of Brazil, who in 1958 was appointed to serve on the IAEA's first Scientific Advisory Committee. Three members of the current IAEA Scientific Advisory Committee are shown at a Committee meeting during the General Conference. Left to right: Dr. T. Ipponmatsu of Japan, Dr. Wolf Hafele of the Federal Republic of Germany and Dr. W.B. Lewis of Canada, who was appointed to the Scientific Advisory Committee in 1958. IAEA BULLETIN - VOL.19, NO.6 LANDMARKS So much for the framework. What has been achieved during these twenty years? The answers span a wide latitude and it may help us to assess both the present and future if we look at some past landmarks. Let me first refer to important extramural activities represented by the establishment of the Seibersdorf Laboratory (1961), the International Laboratory of Marine Radioactivity in Monaco (also 1961), the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste (1964, arid since 1970 operated jointly with UNESCO). Each of these institutions has proven itself viable and all are carrying out work of value to Member States. The Middle Eastern Regional Radioisotope Centre for the Arab Countries, Cairo, was organized in 1963 with the support of IAEA until 1968, at which time it became self-supporting. The establishment of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Atomic Energy in Food and Agriculture (1964) has led to effective collaboration between the two organizations. I have already mentioned the 1955 UN Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy. The Agency took part in the second conference of this series in 1958 and was responsible for the scientific programmes of the conferences in 1964 and 1971. The conference on Nuclear Power and its Fuel Cycle, held in Salzburg this spring, was organized entirely under the auspices of the Agency. The conferences I have mentioned, where the Agency's active contribution has played a substantial role, have been fundamental in respect of information exchange between east and west as well as north and south. Another achievement is represented by the establishment of INIS (the International Nuclear Information System) which was approved by the Board early in 1969. It provides world-wide coverage of literature dealing with all aspects of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. It is the first international, fully decentralized, computer-based information system in any field and has served as a model for the systems developed by FAO and UNESCO. Its publication "INIS Atomindex", first issued in April 1970, became last year the world's only international abstracting service in the nuclear field.- Forty-nine Member States are now providing input for its preparation and the number of subscriptions to INIS Atomindex rose from less than 500 in 1975 to more than 1500 in 1976. The system is constantly being improved, for instance, by introducing interactive computer methods and by telecommunications through the telephone network between national terminals and the Agency's computer. In the early years the Agency sought to achieve its aims mainly by promoting the use of radioisotope techniques and radiation in medicine, agriculture, industry, and water resources development.
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