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Chenet, 1943- POLITICAL PARTIES IK WEST GERMANY: the EFFECT of POLITICAL SYSTEM and PARTY VARIABLES on PARTY ORGANIZATION

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Chenet, 1943- POLITICAL PARTIES IK WEST GERMANY: the EFFECT of POLITICAL SYSTEM and PARTY VARIABLES on PARTY ORGANIZATION 71-27,532 NYITRAY, Margot Schenet, 1943- POLITICAL PARTIES IK WEST GERMANY: THE EFFECT OF POLITICAL SYSTEM AND PARTY VARIABLES ON PARTY ORGANIZATION. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1971 Political Science, general University Microfilms, A XEROX Company , Ann Arbor, Michigan (c) Copyright by Margot Schenet Nyltray 1971 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED POLITICAL PARTIES IN WEST GERMANY: THE EFFECT OF POLITICAL SYSTEM AND PARTY VARIABLES ON PARTY ORGANIZATION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Margot Schenet Nyitray, B.A., M.A. The Ohio State University 1971 Approved by Advi ser/ Adviser/ Adviser Department of Political Science ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my appreciation to my former adviser, Professor James B, Christoph, for his guidance and encouragement during the early stages of my graduate career. Special appreciation is also due to Professor Giacomo Sani, who supervised this disserta­ tion. ii VITA April 4, 1943 .... Bom - Elgin, Illinois 1964................. B.A., Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 1964-1965 ........... Graduate Fellow, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1965-1966 ........... Teaching Assistant, Department of Political Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1966 ............... M.A., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1966-1968 ........... Teaching Assistant, Department of Political Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Comparative Politics. Professors Giacomo Sani and James B. Christoph Minor Fields: American Politics. Professor Myron Q. Hale Political Theory. Professors David Spitz and David Kettler International Relations. Professor Philip M, Burgess iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................... 11 VITA .................................................. Ill LIST OP TABLES ................................... vi LIST OP FIGURES ................................. vil Chapter I. INTRODUCTION ................................. 1 Literature Review ........................ 12 Theoretical Framework .................... ^2 II. THE POLITICAL SYSTEM AND PARTY VARIABLES . 63 West German Political Culture ........... 63 The Constitutional-Electoral System . 67 The Party System and Competitive Position of Parties, 1953 to 1 9 6 9 ........... .. 72 Socio-Economic Characteristics and Party Differences ........................ 80 Party Doctrine and Organization ..... 90 III. CANDIDATE SELECTION ......................... Ill CDU Nominations in the.W a h l k r e i s ......... II1* SPD Nominations in the Wahlkreis ......... 129 CDU List Nominations ...................... I1* 3 SPD List Nominations ...................... 151* Characteristics of CDU and SPD M.P.’s . • 160 Conclusions .......................... 188 IV. NATIONAL PARTY LEADERS: SELECTION AND CHARACTERISTICS ...................... 182 CDU National Chairmen and Chancellor- candi da t e s .......................... 183 SPD National Chairmen and Chancellor- candldates.......................... 202 iv Chapter Page The CDU National Executive Committee (Bundesvorstand) ........................ 214 The SPD Party Executive Committee (Parteivorstand) ........................ 237 Conclusions .............................. 256 V. FACTIONALISM AND PARTY POLICY-MAKING .... 269 CDU/CSU ................................... 269 SPD ....................................... 300 Conclusions .............................. 331 VI. CONCLUSIONS ................................. 341 The Influence of System and Party-Related Variables on Party Organization .... 341 A Note on the "End of Ideology" and the SPD ..................................... 356 The Utility of the F r a m e w o r k ............. 360 Further Research .......................... 366 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................... 370 v LIST OP TABLES Table Page 1. National Voting Results, 1953-1969 ............ 73 2. Bundestag Vote Results, By L a n d e r .......... 74 3. Party Members, By Occupation ................... 88 4. 1969 Party Members, By Education and Income . 89 5. Renominatlon of CDU WK M . P . ' s ............... 121 6. Renominatlon of SPD WK M.P.'s, 1965 136 7. Occupation of CDU and SPD M.P.'s, 2nd, 4th, and 5th BT, In % ........................... 162 8. Ages of CDU and SPD M.P.'s, 2nd, 4th, and 5th BT, in % ................. 164 9. Turnover of M.P.'s, 2nd through 5th Bundestag . 166 10. CDU Elected Executive Members; Prior Experience and Concurrent Double Office-holding, 1953-1969 229 11. Turnover in CDU Elected Executive, 1953-1969 . 236 12. SPD Executive Committee, Prior Experience and Concurrent Double Office-holding, 1952-1969 246 13. Turnover in SPD Party Executive, 1952-1968 . 255 14. Turnover, SPD Prasidium, 1952-1968 ............. 257 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. The Parties* Organizational Structure ......... 95 2. CDU Prasidium (Elected Members): Changes, 1953-1969 216 3* Reorganization of the SPD Executive .............. 239 vii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The topic of this study is a comparison of the two major West German political parties— the Christlich- Demokratischen Union (CDU) and the Sozialdemokratischen Partei Deutschlands (SPD). This chapter will provide a statement of the theoretical concerns involved in this com­ parison, by reviewing the literature which relates to some aspects of party structure and organization to be studied. An attempt will be made to draw from that literature a framework for analysis Including certain tentative proposi­ tions about relationships between variables. Operational definitions of terms used as well as a discussion of the data to be collected will also be Included. Rather than macroanalytic comparison of whole poli­ tical systems, we see the best hope for furthering the development of theory in comparative politics in what Sidney Verba has termed "the disciplined conflgurative approach."^ That Is, the relevant variables which account for a particular segment of a nation*s politics must be ^Sidney Verba, "Some Dilemmas in Comparative Re­ search," World Politics, XX (October, 1967), 11^. 1 2 explicated and put into such form that like factors in other countries can also be subsumed under the same head­ ings. This requires some theoretical framework which de­ lineates general factors, while at the same time, working within a single country allows for a fuller descriptive treatment of particular national characteristics. In a recent article, J. LaPalombara reaffirmed the importance of systematic empirical research at the middle- range In comparative studies, selecting some partial seg­ ment, such as parties, as the focus for analysis. He also called for renewed Interest In Western European politics where, despite their greater familiarity to American poli­ tical scientists, there remain large lacunae In even basic p descriptive data about parties, legislatures, etc. In line with these recommendations, this study Is concerned not with party or party systems theory in toto but with the development of theory relating to certain aspects of poli­ tical parties. We are interested In comparing certain organizational features of the two West German parties— leadership charac­ teristics, the internal distribution of power, and party policy processes. It is hoped that similarities and dif­ ferences among them can be explained In terms of certain 2Joseph LaPalombara, "Macrotheories and Microappli­ cations in Comparative Politics," Comparative Politics, I (October, 1968), 5^-62. 3 national political system characteristics and other party factors. This perspective thus sees these organizational characteristics of parties as essentially dependent vari­ ables, the structure and processes of party organization being dependent both upon certain features of the particu­ lar national politics as well as on other factors unique to the party in question. The focus in this research on party decision-making processes is not a particularly common one in the litera­ ture. Many traditional democratic theorists do stress the importance of the political party as the formulator and transmitter to the public of alternative public policy formulas and goals. In this view, party competition for votes Is not sufficient In a democracy, but is made mean­ ingful in democratic terms because the parties represent alternative policies and goals, and provide for public discussion and choice of these.3 Despite this emphasis however, as P. Engelmann has pointed out in his review of the literature on parties: "There is an apparent neglect by stasiologlsts of intra-party processes that lead to the ^For a particularly strong statement of this view of the Importance of party policy-making to democratic theory, see Ernest Barker, Reflections on Government (Nev York: Oxford University Press, 195>&) , pp. 36-40. Giovanni Sar­ tor i, In Democratic Theory (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1965), puts more emphasis on choice between leaders who are in turn committed to, or representatives of particular policies. See pp. 82- 83. 4 making of public policy.It Is to be hoped that the present study will go some small way to filling this gap in the literature and will suggest ways in which various sys­ tem and party variables may influence the Internal policy­ making processes in different parties. In this respect, this study fits in with the recent emphasis in the disci­ pline on decision-making within political institutions
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