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The Autobiographical Interpretation of Collingwood's Philosophy Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1983 From Realism to Rapprochement: The Autobiographical Interpretation of Collingwood's Philosophy Glenn C. Shipley Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Shipley, Glenn C., "From Realism to Rapprochement: The Autobiographical Interpretation of Collingwood's Philosophy" (1983). Dissertations. 2314. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/2314 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1983 Glenn C. Shipley FROM REALISM TO RAPPROCHEMENT: THE AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL INTERPRETATION OF COLLINGWOOD'S PHILOSOPHY by Glenn C. Shipley A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Loyola University of Chicago in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 1983 {§) 1983, Glenn C. Shipley ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In writing this dissertation I have received support and encouragement from many people. Fr. Edward Maziarz, my Director, has been unflagging in his enthusiasm for the pro­ ject and in his belief in my ability to bring it to a suc­ cessful conclusion. Dr. James Blachowicz and Dr. Peter Max­ well have done me the great honor of reading every word of it with critical intelligence and many suggestions for im­ proving both its style and content. And if it were not for the patience, confidence and support of Dr. Francis Catania, I would never have completed my doctoral studies. I am also grateful to my typist, Jane Strom, whose skillful and tactful work has made concluding the final stages of this project immeasurably easier. I owe a greater debt than words can express to my wife, who has suffered the fate of a "dissertation widow" with love and good humor; to my children, who accepted their father's frequent disappearances to work on his "dis­ sertation book;" and to my mother, who knows what it means to go it alone to finish a lifetime project, and who taught me all those things which I rely upon without thinking, so that I can now be free to rely upon my thinking. ii LIFE The author, Glenn C. Shipley, is the son of Herman Shipley and Frances (Brachle) Shipley. He was born November 15, 1938, in Villa Park, Illinois. He is married to Marilyn (Sheridan) Shipley, and is the father of Gregory, William, and Mark Shipley. He graduated from St. Alphonsus Grammar School in 1952, and from St. Michael High School in 1956, both of Chi­ cago, Illinois. In September of 1956 he was enrolled at Loyo­ la University of Chicago under a Loyola University Competitive Scholarship. In 1962, as a member of the United States Air Force, he attended the Armed Forces Language Institute at the University of Indiana in Bloomington. In 1965 he returned to Loyola, from which he received, in February of 1967, the de­ gree of Bachelor of Science with a major in philosophy. He began graduate study in philosophy at Loyola Uni­ versity under a Graduate Assistantship in February of 1967, and in March of 1967 was awarded a three year National Defense Graduate Fellowship (NDEA Title IV). In June of 1971 here­ ceived the degree of Master of Arts. He was awarded an Arthur J. Schmitt Dissertation Fellowship for the academic year 1972- 1973. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii LIFE iii LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF IN-TEXT REFERENCES . ix Chapter t" PART I I. INTRODUCTION: COLLINGWOOD AND HIS INTERPRETERS 1. Collingwood: His Life, His Writings, and His Era . 1 2. T. M. Knox and the "Radical Conversion Hypothesis" . 9 3. Collingwood's Interpreters: An Overview . 22 4. On Interpreting Collingwood ...... 42 II. THE AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL INTERPRETATION OF COLLINGWOOD'S PHILOSOPHY 1. The AutobiograQhy as Literary Evidence . 53 2. The AutobiograEhY as Historical Interpretation . 60 3. The Autobiographical Interpretation: Four Themes . 64 4. The Critique of Realism . 67 5. The Logic of Question and Answer 79 6. History and Philosophy . 89 7. Rapprochement Philosophy . 98 iv PART II III. REALISM AND IDEALISM 1. Introduction . 106 2. Realism and Idealism in Religion and Philosophy . 109 3. Idealism, the Absolute, and the Metaphysic of Knowledge . 124 4. Absolute Idealism and the Forms of Experience . 128 5. Speculum Mentis and the Emergence of Explicit Anti-Realism . 139 6. Conclusion . 148 IV. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, LOGIC AND DIALECTIC 1. Introduction . 154 2. Abstract and Concrete Universals . 158 3. Science and Supposal . 167 4. Conclusion: Three Logics . 181 V. HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY 1. Introduction . 191 2. The Identity of History and Philosophy . 194 3. The Concrete Universal as Absolute Object . 198 4. The Ideality of History as a Scale of Forms . 206 5. Conclusion . 233 VI. RAPPROCHEMENT, RELIGION, AND ABSOLUTE KNO\.JLEDGE 1. Introduction . 243 2. Religion, Philosophy, and the Incomplete Rapprochement . 247 3. Speculum Mentis: Rapprochement and Developing Series . 265 4. Speculum Mentis: Retrogressive Identity . 272 5. Speculum Mentis: Progressive Identity . 286 6. Disputed Questions . 293 v PART III VII. ANTI-REALISM AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF MIND 1. Introduction . 320 2. Empirical Thinking and the Essay on Philosophical Method 328 3. Sensation, Imagination, and Empirical Thought . 335 4. Attention, Freedom and Corrupt Consciousness . 355 5. Idealism and the Limitations of Phenomenology . 366 6. The New Leviathan: Attention ---as-a Linguistic Act . 390 7. Conclusion . 415 VIII. LOGIC, LANGUAGE, AND MENTAL ACTS 1. Introduction . 423 2. Questions, Answers, and Presuppositions ...... 427 3. Dialectical Logic and Philosophical Methodology . 458 4. Language and Logic in The Principles of Art . 518 5. Language and Mind: The New Leviathan . 538 6. Conclusion . 592 IX. THE PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY 1. Introduction . 607 2. Anti-Realism and History . 617 (a) The Definition of History . 617 (b) The Outside and Inside of Historical Events . 625 ( c ) Individuality, Universality, and the Subject Matter of History . 636 (d) Historical Re-enactment 645 (e) The A-Priori Imagination . 655 (f) Re-enactment: Beyond Realism and Idealism 667 vi 3. Evidence, Inference, and Necessity . 694 (a) Historical Evidence . 694 (b) Historical Inference . 704 (c) Historical Necessity . 712 4. Conclusion . 719 X. METAPHYSICS AND RAPPROCHEMENT 1. Introduction . 721 2. The Autobiographical Themes in the Essay on Metaphysics . 736 3. Obstacles to Understanding Collingwood's Reformed Metaphysics . 752 4. The Unity of the Autogiographical Themes ............... 767 5. The Rehabilitation of Reformed Metaphysics . 795 (a) From Anti-Metaphysics to Reformed Metaphysics . 797 (b) Metaphysics as an Historical Science . 805 (c) The Absoluteness of Presupposing . 815 (d) Ontology and Reformed Metaphysics . 825 BIBLIOGRAPHY 836 vii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. The Interpretations of Collingwood's Philosophy 41 2. The Critique of Realism 77 3. Question and Answer Logic­ Autobiography . 84 4. The Principles of History 91 5. Rapprochement Philosophy . 103 6. The Meanings of History 240 7. The Knower-Known Relationship in Perception . 388 8. The Philosophy of Mind . 419 9. Question-and-Answer logic in The Essay on Metaphysics: Q-AM ..... 430 10. Philosophical Method . 463 11. Language and Expression in The Principles of Art 520 12. Language, Logic, and Mental Acts in The New Leviathan . 540 13. The Presuppositions of the Analysis of Mental Functions 557 14. Metaphysics and Anti-Metaphysics . 747 viii LIST OF IN-TEXT REFERENCES In this dissertation references to Collingwood's pub- lished philosophical works are made in the fashion that has become accepted by Collingwood's interpreters. The referen- ces are made in-text, by abbreviation of the title of the work followed by the page or pages on which the reference is found. These abbreviations are as follows: A An Autobiography. London: Oxford University Press, 1939. EM An Essay on Metaphysics. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1940. EPA Essays in the Philosophy of Art. Edited by Alan Donagan. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1964. EPH Essays in the Philosophy of History. Edited by William Debbins. New York: University of Texas Press, 1965. EPM An Essay on Philosophical Method. London: Oxford University Press, 1933. FR Faith and Reason: Essays in the Philosophy of Re­ ligion. Lionel Rubinoff, editor. Chicago: Quad­ rangle Books, 1968. IH The Idea of History. T. M. Knox, editor. London: Oxford University Press, 1946. IN The Idea of Nature. T. M. Knox, editor. London: Oxford University Press, 1945. NL The New Leviathan. London: The Clarendon Press, 1942-.- ix PA The Principles of Art. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1938. RP Religion and Philosophy. London: Macmillian and Company, 1916. SM Speculum Mentis. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1924. In addition the following standard works on Colling- wood are also given in-text references: CEPC Krausz, Michael, editor. Critical Essays in the Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood. Oxford: -claren­ don Press, 1972. CRM Rubinoff, Lionel. Collingwood and the Reform of Metaphysics. Toronto: University or-Toronto Press, 1970. FYC Johnston, William M. The Formative Years of R. G. Collingwood. The Hague=- Martinus Nijhoff-,-1967. LPC Donagan, Alan. The Later Philosophy of R. G. Col­ lingwood. Oxfora:- The Clarendon Press, 1962. MHD Mink, Louis 0. Mind, History, and Dialectic: The Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1969. X PART I THE PROBLEM OF INTERPRETING COLLINGWOOD'S PHILOSOPHY CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION: COLLINGWOOD AND HIS INTERPRETERS 1. Collingwood: His Life, His Writings, and His Era. Robin George Collingwood (1889-1943) was the youngest of four children and the only son of W. G. Collingwood (FYC, 6). His parents were artists, amateur archeologists, and friends of John Ruskin. The elder Collingwood was first Ruskin's student, later his personal secretary and confidant, and after Ruskin's death in 1900 he became his biographer.
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