Christianity and Idealism
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Idealism and Realism in Western and Indian Philosophies
IDEALISM AND REALISM IN WESTERN AND INDIAN PHILOSOPHIES —Dr. Sohan Raj Tater Over the centuries the philosophical attitude in the west has never been constant but undulated between Idealism and Realism. The difference between these two appears to be irreconcilable, being more or less bound up with the innate difference of predispositions and tendencies varying from person to person. The result is an uncompromising antagonism. The western scholars, who were brought up in the tradition of Kant and Hegel, and who studied Indian philosophies, were more sympathetic towards the Idealistic systems of India. In the 19 th century, there was a predominant wave of monism and scholars like Max Muller were naturally attracted towards the metaphysical views of Sankara etc. and the uncompromising Monism of Vedanta was much admired as the cream of the oriental wisdom. There have been different Idealistic views in Western and Indian philosophies as follows : Western Idealism (i) Platonic Idealism The Idealism of Plato is objective in the sense that the ideas enjoy an existence in a real world independent of any mind. Mind is not antecedent for the existence of ideas. The ideas are there whether a mind reveals them or not. The determination of the phenomenal world depends on them. They somehow determine the empirical existence of the world. Hence, Plato’s conception of reality is nothing but a system of eternal, immutable and immaterial ideas. (ii) Idealism of Berkeley Berkeley may be said to be the founder of Idealism in the modern period, although his arrow could not touch the point of destination. -
Representations of Italian Americans in the Early Gilded Age
Differentia: Review of Italian Thought Number 6 Combined Issue 6-7 Spring/Autumn Article 7 1994 From Italophilia to Italophobia: Representations of Italian Americans in the Early Gilded Age John Paul Russo Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.library.stonybrook.edu/differentia Recommended Citation Russo, John Paul (1994) "From Italophilia to Italophobia: Representations of Italian Americans in the Early Gilded Age," Differentia: Review of Italian Thought: Vol. 6 , Article 7. Available at: https://commons.library.stonybrook.edu/differentia/vol6/iss1/7 This document is brought to you for free and open access by Academic Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Differentia: Review of Italian Thought by an authorized editor of Academic Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. From ltalophilia to ltalophobia: Representations of Italian Americans in the Early Gilded Age John Paul Russo "Never before or since has American writing been so absorbed with the Italian as it is during the Gilded Age," writes Richard Brodhead. 1 The larger part of this American fascination expressed the desire for high culture and gentility, or what Brodhead calls the "aesthetic-touristic" attitude towards Italy; it resulted in a flood of travelogues, guidebooks, antiquarian stud ies, historical novels and poems, peaking at the turn of the centu ry and declining sharply after World War I. America's golden age of travel writing lasted from 1880 to 1914, and for many Americans the richest treasure of all was Italy. This essay, however, focuses upon Brodhead's other catego ry, the Italian immigrant as "alien-intruder": travel writing's gold en age corresponded exactly with the period of greatest Italian immigration to the United States. -
Religion and Representation in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit
DePaul University Via Sapientiae College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences 11-2017 The perversion of the absolute: religion and representation in Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit Thomas Floyd Wright DePaul University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd Recommended Citation Wright, Thomas Floyd, "The perversion of the absolute: religion and representation in Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit" (2017). College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations. 240. https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd/240 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE PERVERSION OF THE ABSOLUTE Religion and Representation in Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2017 BY Thomas Floyd Wright Department of Philosophy College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences DePaul University Chicago, Illinois Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Hegel contra Theology . 1 1.2 Marx, Ante-Hegel . 5 1.3 Hegel, post Hegel mortum . 11 1.4 Speculation and perversion . 16 2 The perversion of identity 22 2.1 The evil of ontotheology . 22 2.2 The perversion of desire: Augustine . 26 2.3 The perversion of speech: Hobbes . 30 2.4 The perversion of reason: Kant . -
Inventive Translation, Portraiture, and Spanish Hapsburg Taste in the Sixteenth Century
9 © Copyrighted Material Inventive Translation, Portraiture and Spanish Habsburg Taste in the Sixteenth Century Elena Calvillo The Spanish Patron In his autobiography, Benvenuto Cellini recounts how when faced with an angry mob of Spaniards from the household of the bishop of Salamanca, he defiantly pointed his gun into the crowd and cried, ‘You treacherous Moors – so this is how you loot the shops and houses in a city like Rome?’1 According to the artist, the Spaniards had come to collect a vase that had been returned to Cellini to be repaired, but because the patron had not yet paid for it, Cellini declined to release it. The commotion surrounding this exchange soon attracted the attention of a few Roman gentlemen, eager to join the fight. Their offer to help Cellini kill his opponents was made ‘with such vehemence that the Spaniards were terrified out of their wits’ and retreated.2 The Spanish courtiers were subsequently admonished by the bishop, who, Cellini claimed, was angered by both the violence initiated by the brash members of his household and by their failure to finish the job. Cellini’s characterization of the Spanish throughout this part of his text, leading up to the Sack of 1527, is similar to many portrayals of this period.3 For Cellini, such a depiction of the troublesome Spaniards served the rhetorical ends of the autobiography by highlighting his loyalty to Rome and his personal bravery, most spectacularly demonstrated in his account of the defence of the Castel Sant’Angelo against imperial troops. A few themes emerge from Cellini’s anecdote. -
Chapter 25 Hegel's Absolute Idealism and the Phenomenology of Spirit
Aspects of Western Philosophy: Dr. Sreekumar Nellickappilly, IIT Madras Chapter 25 Hegel’s Absolute Idealism and the Phenomenology of Spirit Key Words: Absolute idealism, contradictions, antinomies, Spirit, Absolute, absolute idealism, teleological causality, objective mind, universal mind, phenomenology of mind, consciousness, self-consciousness, reason. Hegel’s absolute idealism tries to arrive at an all-encompassing theory to bridge the finite with the infinite. He proclaims that, only the whole is real and hence all particular facts and concepts are incomplete and only partially true. Hegel advances a very interesting theory, which considers contradictions as natural. This is contrary to the traditional philosophical views, which considered contradictions as problematic, and something they need to be necessarily avoided. Hegel’s new way of thinking suggests that we can take the irrational approach of contradicting ourselves. He thus proposes to resolve the problem of antinomies exposed by the Kantian framework. Kant has shown that pure reason encounters antinomies when it tries to prove things, which are not given to us through the forms of sensibility and the conceptual categories. We thus encounter certain irresolvable contradictions. Kant suggests that to avoid this situation we should keep away from such ventures. He declares the impossibility of metaphysics as a science based on this scenario. Hegel on the other hand approaches reason from a different perspective. He was not prepared to accept the traditional view about the nature of reason, where the latter is conceived as a static faculty. His idealistic view states that cosmic history consists in the life story of spirit or Geist, which is the absolute. -
Journal of Comparative Literature and Aesthetics
ISSN: 0252-8169 JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE LITERATURE AND AESTHETICS Vol. XVI Nos. 1-2: 1993 A Special Volume on Italian Aesthetics Since Croce A Vishvanatha Kaviraja Institute Publication Editor: A.C. SUKLA B-8, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Orissa India-768019. Fax-0663+430314, Associate Editor: Frank J. Hoffman West Chester University, Pennsylvania Editorial Advisor (Foreign) : Milton H. Snoeyenbos Georgia State University, Atlanta: Georgia. EDITORIAL BOARD Rene Wellek Yale University Peter Lamarque University of Hull Philip Alperson University of Louisville W.I.T. Mitchel University of Chicago Ralph Chohen University of Virginia Denis Dutton University of Canterbury Grazia Marchiano University of Siena Dorothy Figueira University of Illinois Ellen Dissanavake Washington Goran Hermeren University of Lund Ales Erjavec Slovenian Academy of Science & Arts V.K. Chari University Carleton S.K. Saxena University of Delhi Suresh Raval University of Arizona J.N. Mohanty Temple University Salim Kemal University of Dundee All subscriptions / books for review / papers / reviews / notes for publication are to be sent to the Editor Current information about JCLA is available on the Internet web site: http:// www.sas.upenn.edu/~fhoffman/jcla.html JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE LITERATURE AND AESTHETICS Volume: XVI: Nos. 1-2: 1993 A VISHVANATHA KAVIRAJA INSTITUTE PUBLICATION The Prsent Volume is Edited By: GRAZIA MARCHIANO CONTENTS 1 About the Authors Grazia Marchiiano 3 Editorial Gianni Vattimo 9 On the Challenge of Art to Philosophy; Aesthetics at the End of Epistemology Stefano Zecchi 17 The Theory of Art in Italian Idealism Aldo Trione 29 The De Sanctis: Croce line and the Problem of Modernity Stefano Benassi 41 Orientations of Phenomenological Aesthetics in Italy: The Encounter with Marxism and Semiotics Luisa Bonesio 51 Italian Philosophical Aesthetics: A New Generation Grazia Marchiano 59 Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy: A Short Critical Survey About the Authors . -
A Case for the Failure of Hegel's Idealism
The Greatest Mistake: A Case for the Failure of Hegel’s Idealism What is a great mistake? Nietzsche once said that a great error is worth more than a multitude of trivial truths. A truly great mistake is one that we can learn from, where we gain new understanding from explaining why it is an error, where we are either forced to make explicit our previously vague intuitions, or forced to acknowledge properly counterintuitive results. Hegel understood this point well, as his analysis of the logical and historical development of human thought shows, for he takes each moment within this development to be a position that, while showing itself to be inconsistent, passes over into a more detailed position that incorporates its truth. It is my opinion that Hegel may have made the greatest such error in the history of philosophy to date, and this means that understanding why it is an error is of the utmost importance. To do this, it is necessary to examine the nature of Hegel’s position, which he calls Absolute Idealism. What is Absolute Idealism? The essence of Absolute Idealism is the thesis of the identity of subject and object, which we will simply call the identity thesis. It’s very important to understand what this doesn’t mean. It is not to be understood along the lines of the maxim of Berkeley’s subjective idealism: esse est percipi. It is not the case for Hegel that each individual object is identical with an individual subject that thinks it, or some state of that subject. -
German Idealism: the Struggle Against Subjectivism, 1781-1801
Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Theology Faculty Research and Publications Theology, Department of 1-1-2004 Review of "German Idealism: The trS uggle Against Subjectivism, 1781-1801" by Frederick C. Beiser Philip J. Rossi Marquette University, [email protected] Published version. Theological Studies, Vol. 65, No. 1 (2004): 217-218. Permalinkf. © 2004 Theological Studies, Inc. Used with permission. BOOK REVIEWS 217 Catholic leaders to give us the married as well as the celibate diocesan priests we need. Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles JOHN A. COLEMAN, S.J. GERMAN IDEALISM:THE STRUGGLE AGAINST SUBJECTIVISM, 1781–1801. By Frederick C. Beiser. Cambridge: Harvard University, 2002. Pp. xvi + 726. $61.50. Beiser’s important earlier studies—The Fate of Reason (1987) and En- lightenment, Revolution, and Romanticism (1992)—placed the trajectory of ideas, issues, and arguments of late 18th- and early 19th-century German philosophy and political thought within an illuminating account of their cultural and political contexts. In this work, B. shifts attention from that larger background and presents, in contrast, a closely focused analysis of the texts of six thinkers—Kant, Fichte, Ho¨ lderlin, Novalis, Schlegel, and Schelling—that bear upon “one specific theme: the meaning of idealism itself, and more specifically the reaction against subjectivism” (viii). The analysis is in service of a larger thesis that goes counter to a commonly accepted interpretation of German idealism as “essentially the culmination of the Cartesian tradition,” which is usually accompanied by “a seductively simple narrative” that makes it “the gradual and inevitable completion of Kant’s ‘Copernican Revolution’”(1–2). B. -
Portrait of Italian Jewish Life (1800S – 1930S) Edited by Tullia Catalan, Cristiana Facchini Issue N
Portrait of Italian Jewish Life (1800s – 1930s) edited by Tullia Catalan, Cristiana Facchini Issue n. 8, November 2015 QUEST N. 8 - FOCUS QUEST. Issues in Contemporary Jewish History Journal of Fondazione CDEC Editors Michele Sarfatti (Fondazione CDEC, managing editor), Elissa Bemporad (Queens College of the City University of New York), Tullia Catalan (Università di Trieste), Cristiana Facchini (Università Alma Mater, Bologna; Max Weber Kolleg, Erfurt), Marcella Simoni (Università Ca’ Foscari, Venezia), Guri Schwarz (Università di Pisa), Ulrich Wyrwa (Zentrum für Antisemitismusforschung, Berlin). Editorial Assistant Laura Brazzo (Fondazione CDEC) Book Review Editor Dario Miccoli (Università Cà Foscari, Venezia) Editorial Advisory Board Ruth Ben Ghiat (New York University), Paolo Luca Bernardini (Università dell’Insubria), Dominique Bourel (Université de la Sorbonne, Paris), Michael Brenner (Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München), Enzo Campelli (Università La Sapienza di Roma), Francesco Cassata (Università di Genova), David Cesarani z.l. (Royal Holloway College, London), Roberto Della Rocca (DEC, Roma), Lois Dubin (Smith College, Northampton), Jacques Ehrenfreund (Université de Lausanne), Katherine E. Fleming (New York University), Anna Foa (Università La Sapienza di Roma), François Guesnet (University College London), Alessandro Guetta (INALCO, Paris), Stefano Jesurum (Corriere della Sera, Milano), András Kovács (Central European University, Budapest), Fabio Levi (Università degli Studi di Torino), Simon Levis Sullam (Università Ca’ -
Idealism: a Love (Of Sophia) That Dare Not Speak Its Name
Idealism: A Love (of Sophia) that Dare not Speak its Name PAUL REDDINl;' My first experience of philosophy at the University of Sydney was as a commencing undergraduate in the tumultuous year of 1973. At the start of that year, there was one department of philosophy, but by the beginning of the next there were two. These two departments seemed to be opposed in every possible way except one: they both professed to be committed to a form of materialist philosophy. One could think that having a common enemy at least might have been the cause for some degree of unanimity, but no: the traditional enemy of materialism - idealism - was regarded as having been long dead and buried. For the Marxists in the then Department of General Philosophy, it had been Marx who, in the second half of the nineteenth century, had 'inverted' Hegelian idealism into a form of materialism, while for the analytic philosophers in the Department of Traditional and Modern Philosophy, it had been Bertrand Russell and G. E. Moore who had triumphed over British idealism at the turn of the twentieth. There may have been many things that were atypical about philosophy as it was done at Sydney in the early 1970s, but its resistance to idealism was not among them. Twenty years later, however, there were signs that old certitudes in Anglophone philosophy were changing, and in 1994, two books were published by mainstream analytic philosophers addressing issues central to analytic concern and suggesting that the philosophy of Hegel held the key to their solution. These books were Mind and World * Paul Redding holds a Personal Chair in Philosophy at the University of Sydney. -
An Interpretation on the Ideas of Cesare Brandi in the Theory of Restoration YOLANDA MADRID ALANÍS
An interpretation on the ideas of Cesare Brandi in the Theory of restoration YOLANDA MADRID ALANÍS Translation by Valerie Magar Abstract Some of the fundamental concepts of the Brandi’s theory are analyzed with the aim of producing an interpretation which will detail its content and philosophical guides. The concept of Restoration, of work of art, of cases, of material and image, and of oneness are discussed, using different sources from philosophy, aesthetics, pragmatism, hermeneutics and phenomenology. Keywords: Cesare Brandi, theory of Restoration, philosophical guides, interpretation. Introduction This document is part of a reflection on the uses of the theory of Restoration employeed by the National School of Conservation in Mexico (Escuela Nacional de Conservación, Restauración y Museografía “Manuel del Castillo Negrete”, ENCRyM), which I am formulating as a final project in a Master in Critical Theory.1 Given that Cesare Brandi’s Theory of restoration has been a constant reference in Mexico, I decided to reread and interpret it, with the aim of detailing some of its sources and going deeper into the understanding of his ideas. The analysis is viable because there are explicit references by the author in several sections of the text itself, because his impact at an international level has been extensively studied, and because we are familiar with some of the philosophical sources that he employed to develop his theoretical concepts. Although part of his written production has already been translated into several languages, his philosophical references have seldom been made explicit. I consider it pertinent to make this interpretative reflection, because it is a text that is still valid in the Mexican context, although addenda have been made with other perspectives in mind, and because this can give rise to international multidisciplinary studies aimed at developing an in-depth panorama of Brandi’s thought. -
I HEGEL's LOGIC of ABSOLUTE IDEALISM and HIS POLITICAL
HEGEL’S LOGIC OF ABSOLUTE IDEALISM AND HIS POLITICAL ARGUMENT: THE CONCEPTUALITY OF ACTUALITY A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Matthew J. Smetona May, 2010 Examining Committee Members: Aryeh Botwinick, Advisory Chair, Political Science Joseph M. Schwartz, Political Science Carol C. Gould, Philosophy and Political Science Joseph Margolis, External Member, Philosophy i © by Matthew J. Smetona 2010 All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT Title: Hegel’s Logic of Absolute Idealism and his Political Argument: The Conceptuality of Actuality Candidate’s Name: Matthew J. Smetona Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Temple University, 2010 Doctoral Advisory Committee Chair: Aryeh Botwinick This dissertation is about the theoretical foundation of Hegel’s political argument. Its goal is to comprehend the basic structure of that argument by articulating the conceptual framework Hegel employs when he asserts that the particular set of political institutions he is arguing for is rational. Its argument is that the criterion Hegel employs in his conception of rationality is that an object is rational if and only if it is comprehended by thought in and through the holistic inferential system of concepts he refers to as the Concept ( der Begriff ). Hegel’s final argument in the Science of Logic is that there can be no actual object that is not “rational,” i.e., that is not constituted, in all of its determinations, by the unified activity of thinking that is the Concept. Consequently, it is argued that the rationality, and therewith the actuality, of Hegel’s rational state depicted in the Philosophy of Right derives from the fact that it is comprehended by thought in and through the totality as thought that is the Concept.