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FALL 2001 VOLUME 2, NUMBER 2 WEINBERG COLLEGE OF AND

cross currents

UNCOVERING TEXTUAL TREASURES OF TIMBUKTU HIGHS AND LOWS OF ACADEME’S HIGHEST OFFICE A COMMUNITY LENDER WHOSE RISKS PAY OFF LIMITING THE DANGERS OF A PERSISTENT POISON 9370/Crosscurrents F018/21/022:22PMPagec 20 Loan Ranger By Li By 23 In Memory 24 A Message from the W That May Re 14 A Discovery By By N Who Hailfrom 25 sa Stein College Presidents Higher Ed’s Highest: W 10 ilson SocietyChairs Membership Listing By write orthwestern

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FROM THE DEAN

seminars on line. Our incoming students were directed to a specially designed Web site in June, giving them PASSAGE plenty of time to review the seminar topics and submit their choices over the Web. In July, when almost every- one had replied, a one-minute miracle of sorting and Northwestern’s community of scholars is rooted in a matching took place. The freshmen then were able to steady core of faculty and renewed by an annual influx log into Northwestern’s Blackboard Course Information of freshmen who arrive almost entirely unknown to us System to learn which seminar they would be taking or to one other. Each year we work to accelerate new and to exchange e-mail with the adviser and the other students’ sense of belonging and mutual respect. To the students in the section. The results were outstanding: extent that they develop a common frame of reference, Students and faculty seized the opportunity to be a communal sense of place and time, and a shared in touch with one another. They sent a flurry of e-mail, passion for challenge and growth, we feel successful. and some students posted personal Web pages. Pro- fessors even distributed summer reading assignments! In the past few years we have sought to improve our advising system so that it might better provide each Each small step like this can help overcome the anxieties student with encouragement, direction within the Uni- that new students inevitably feel and smooth the transi- versity’s vast resources, and an immediate familiarity tion to college. In the process of yearly renewal, we with some of the College’s best teachers. By making are glad to find opportunities to reinvent and thereby a student’s fall freshman seminar instructor also his or improve what we do for the newest members of our her adviser, we have overcome complaints that “my Northwestern community. adviser doesn’t know me.” The seminar allows students in small groups of 15 or so to connect with each other and the instructor/adviser as they share the experience of studying and debating a common topic.

This year we took that successful experiment a step Eric J. Sundquist, Dean further, thanks to the Internet. Assistant dean for freshmen Lane Fenrich observed that matching students with their seminar choices took his office at least a week and a half, and that it was hard to make the best choices by sorting through over 1,000 registration forms. So Lane and director of computing technologies Ruth Reingold developed a means of matching students and

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RIGHT: FILM FOOTAGE OF WILLIAM MCGOVERN AS SHOWN ON A POSTCARD PRESERVED IN UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES

BELOW: A HAROLD THAYER DAVIS MATH CLASS, DECEMBER 1946

LETTERS UNFORGETTABLE FACULTY, PART II

Enrolled in DR. MCGOVERN’S ’56 or ’57 summer session of Far Eastern Studies, I was asked the first day where I had gotten the name O’Connor: “I’m Irish, sir.” “You have an Irish name but a German face.” “As far as I know, sir, 100 percent Irish.” (Then, to the class’s delight:) “Somebody took in boarders.” Home between summer and fall quarters, I learned from Mother that I was probably 1/16th German. I never went back to Professor McGovern to give him that bit of information, for We received many letters in response to those published in there was no need; he already knew. spring 2001 that recalled “unforgettable faculty.” Especially — Phil O’Connor ’58 spirited were those setting the record straight on Paul Schilpp’s political affiliation. It has been many years since I earned my degrees A 1948 graduate rightly pays tribute to WILLIAM McGOVERN, at Northwestern, but some professor of political , and PAUL SCHILPP, professor of of the most enjoyable , among others. memories I have are of I was fortunate enough to have studied under both of them. faculty and the contribu- William McGovern was my mentor, director of my PhD disser- tions they made to my life. tation, and parent substitute, with Mrs. McGovern, at my wed- Chief among those that ding in 1955. I was his assistant and reader for a number of years. I could never forget is While paying tribute to Paul Schilpp, the letter also claims HARRISON HAYFORD. that “He was a communist.” This is unfortunate, because it An outstanding Melville is untrue. Dr. Schilpp, whom I also knew fairly well, was an scholar and an insightful idealist, a pacifist, a neosocialist, and a democrat, but NO teacher, he skillfully led us communist! No communist would have preached nonviolence into the requirements of during World War II, as he did at some risk to himself, while research. His scholar- the Soviet Union was under attack by Nazi Germany! ship was most impressive, but he never lost the human touch. That I had two great teachers at opposite extremes of the A kinder person I have never known. He made me a better political spectrum says something of Northwestern’s breadth teacher and a better person. and acceptance of conflicting . — Olive Fite MA ’43, PhD (English) ’56 — Minoo Adenwalla MSJ ’54, PhD ’56 (political science), professor of government and the Mary Mortimer Professor of I would like to add memories of HAROLD THAYER DAVIS, Liberal Studies, Lawrence University mathematics professor extraordinaire, whose writings would fill a bookshelf with titles from The Fine of Punning to PAUL SCHILPP was an iconoclast who loved to challenge Political Statistics, and with subjects from mathematical tables conventional patterns of thinking. He was one of the handful to partial differential equations. He claimed the statistics book of persons (two others being Baker Brownell and William proved that Truman was going to win the 1948 election. McGovern) whose stimulus meant the most in my own college — Raymond A. Spong ’49, MA ’51 experience. He won an international reputation with his Library of Living Philosophers. Controversial and provocative, yes, but he hated totali- tarianism of all kinds. — Robert H. Estabrook ’39

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THE MATERIALS AND LIFE SCIENCES BUILDING (FAR LEFT) HAS BEEN RENAMED FOR BENEFACTORS WILLIAM A. AND GAYLE K. COOK.

ALUMNI ARE SPEARHEADING EFFORTS TO RAISE $1 MILLION TO ENDOW A CHAIR HONORING THE LATE PROFESSOR LEON FORREST.

CAMPAIGN NORTHWESTERN

GIFTS TO HAVE SIGNIFICANT IMPACT

As Dean Eric Sundquist notes, light of current events, enabling • The committee to endow • In his former position as “Every gift to Weinberg College, our center and Northwestern to a chair in honor of the late Leon president of the Latin American regardless of size, can play a strengthen their outreach to the Forrest, the award-winning unit of the Kellogg Company dé significant role in the education greater community.” novelist and scholar who taught Mexico, William Camstra put of our students and the scholar- The first Sams lecture, which at Weinberg College for more his College of Arts and Sciences ship of our faculty.” Among had been planned before the than two decades, got a boost studies in Spanish to good use. recent gifts are three that will events of September 11, was pre- with a gift of $100,000 from a To show his appreciation, significantly affect individual sented in November by L. Carl an anonymous Northwestern Camstra, now vice chairman of Weinberg College programs: Brown, an expert on the Middle alumna. William P. Davis Kellogg, has donated more than • A $100,000 gift from East and professor emeritus at (Speech ’77), chair of the $16,000 to the Department of the James and Betty Sams Princeton University, whose Northwestern University Black Spanish and Portuguese (for- Charitable Lead Trust will research has focused on the Alumni Association, says the merly Hispanic Studies). The support the interdisciplinary impact of Westernization on gift is “an excellent start” toward William A. S. Camstra Fund programs of the Center for the Islamic Middle East. NUBAA’s goal of raising for Hispanic Studies will be International and Comparative James Sams ’54 is president $1 million toward the chair. used for procuring audio and Studies (CICS). The Samses say and CEO of American Develop- “For 24 years, Professor Forrest video materials and journal sub- they hope CICS will deepen its ment Services Corporation, inspired a generation of students scriptions, increasing student focus on conflict resolution, a real estate development com- with his great generosity and and faculty access to research human rights, and economic pany. He recently served as dignity and with the brilliance materials, updating computer development in the Islamic chairman of the Grameen of his writing,” Davis says. “It is equipment and purchasing the countries of the Middle East. Foundation USA, which was a privilege to spearhead the drive latest instructional language “The Samses’ gift allows established in 1997 to broaden to ensure that his legacy carries tools, and renovating a student us to sponsor academic activities social and economic opportuni- on through an endowed chair and faculty meeting room. in an area of great current impor- ties for people living in poverty, in his name.” (One of the many tance, says CICS director both in the United States and students who were influenced Kenneth W. Abbott. “The gift abroad, through development of by Forrest, Calvin Holmes, is will also support programs of micro credit lending programs featured on pages 20–22.) broad community interest in and institutions.

COOK GIFT EXPANDS RESOURCES FOR THE LIFE SCIENCES

William ’53 and Gayle Cook technologies foster interaction research laboratories and teach- medical pipettes, plastic steel were honored for their generous among researchers and provide ing activities for a growing life and plastic tubing, plastic parts, support of Northwestern’s work flexibility and efficiency in and biomedical sciences commu- and electrical switch gear. in the life sciences when the space planning. nity on the Evanston and The Cooks’ new gift builds Materials and Life Sciences The Cooks’ $10 million Chicago campuses. on previous investments in Building was named for them at gift to the life sciences “is William Cook, a graduate Weinberg College — $2.5 million a dedication ceremony this fall. tremendously important to the in biology, is founder and presi- to establish the William and Now known as William A. University,” says President dent of Cook Group, Inc., one Gayle Cook Chair in the Bio- and Gayle K. Cook Hall, the Henry S. Bienen. “We have of the largest privately held logical Sciences and $100,000 to 100,000-square-foot structure immediate plans for aggressive medical device manufacturing establish the Professor Joseph G. overlooking Lake Michigan growth in the life sciences.” groups in the world. Its 15 Fucilla Scholarship Fund in brings together the study of both Included in those plans are domestic and 3 foreign sub- memory of the faculty member living and inanimate materials at expanded faculty, increased sidiaries produce heart catheters who taught French and Spanish the molecular level. Its modular support for graduate study, and pacemakers, other catheters, for 38 years. research clusters and shared and three new facilities to house needles and urological supplies,

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“THEIR CLASSES ARE MAGICAL”: EDWARD MUIR

experience the art and architec- period — trials such as those of WHY HE’S AN ITALOPHILE: ture intimately because I felt a Socrates, Jesus, Galileo, and “I discovered history in the third connection to the people who had Eichmann. One of the most con- grade when we read about a pre- created them and to the time in sistently effective classes is about historic community built on a which they had lived and died.” a bigamy trial from the 15th lake in Switzerland. Since I grew century in which a lower-class up in the desert in Utah, the HIS CHALLENGE: Muir says it’s woman sues an upper-class man of living on a lake seemed fantas- “to come up with a sensation — a when he marries someone else. tic. Much of my time in sound, picture, joke, metaphor, or She claims he had married her has been living in Venice, a city Edward Muir, the Clarence L. story — upon which the students several years before. The whole that is built on the water, and I Ver Steeg Professor in the Arts can attach the content I am trying case hinges on what constitutes a suppose Venice fulfilled that early and Sciences, teaches Italian to get across. They also remember marriage, and we usually reenact childhood fantasy. I also discov- social and cultural history. He is something that involves a process the trial. The students, however, ered opera in my teenage years, winner of the E. Leroy Hall in which they participate. That do not always come up with the which lead me to study Italian, Award for Teaching Excellence. is why I use trials, music, and same outcome, which is what and once I had the language, film — because I want to stimu- makes teaching trials so useful.” I felt I had to go to that place.” THE WORD ON MUIR: late sensations. My job is to “Professor Muir’s portrayal of find the sensation and to conduct FILMS THAT TEACH: “Best AFTERSCHOOL PASTIMES: the so the process.” of all, in my Modern Italy class, “Besides music, which engages affected me that I determined to are the realism films of the late me a great deal, I’m an avid skier see for myself,” says one student. TRIALS, NOT ERROR: “I often 1940s, such as The Bicycle Thief, in the winter and Cubs fan in the “Less than a month after the last teach by using historical trials because they are so close to docu- summer. This summer the Cubs lecture, I was in the streets of because they present the intellec- mentaries. They help students nearly drove me mad.” Firenze, Lucca, and Siena. I could tual and moral conflicts of a visualize the deprivations of war.”

ERIC ZASLOW

Eric Zaslow teaches mathematics, frankly with them feels natural, of the 12 sections, he would ask us and his research areas are string as I come from a culture similar what fraction that was. I always theory, mirror symmetry, and to that of most of my students.” liked this, or maybe I just liked algebraic geometry. He is the watching him peel (he would skin recipient of a Weinberg College MAKING MATH REAL: “If the an apple in one long, continuous Distinguished Teaching Award. class is differential equations, I’ll peel).” explain that a leaky milk carton A STUDENT OPINES: is a differential equation. The WHAT HOLDS HIS INTEREST: “Whatever you pay Professor milk leaks at some rate. That rate can be fun. Sometimes I won’t let “The mathematics of physics Zaslow, it’s not enough. . . . A might depend on how much milk the class leave until they’ve asked attracts me for the pure of math professor who plays Ulti- there is, the size of the hole, or 20 questions. I am at my best math, and the tantalizing possi- mate Frisbee and listens to [the other things. We want to know if when I let the class bility that these abstract concepts pop band] Garbage is unbeatable.” there’ll still be milk by the time through the solution, evolving bear upon foundational physics. you get home, or if you’ll have to from Mike’s method, to Emily’s I like the junction of the abstract HOW HE CONNECTS: eat Grandma’s cookies dry.” approach, incorporating a sugges- and the concrete.” “Recalling what school was like tion from Prateep, etc., until as a student leads to some obvious CHALLENGING THE BEST they figure it out for themselves. FRISBEE CHAMP: “I am still : Students like it when a STUDENTS: “I’ll begin with It sometimes takes a bit more active in Ultimate [Frisbee], professor remember their names; some story that poses a mathe- time, but it’s time well spent.” and currently I’m captain of the students are individuals and matical question, whose solution Chicago Machine, a national- should be treated as such; and will be discovered in the lecture. HOW FRUIT FIGURED IN: “My caliber team from the area. We students are not flippant about If I throw in a bit of pop culture grandfather used to peel oranges haven’t won the big tournament their education. . . . Speaking wordplay or random trivia, that for me and my sisters. If we got 3 yet, but we’re getting better.” 4 9370/Crosscurrents F01 8/21/02 2:22 PM Page 5

HOW WEINBERG’S AWARD-WINNING TEACHERS CAPTIVATE THEIR STUDENTS

JULIA STERN

Julia Stern teaches 18th- and 19th- exchange about domestic violence of American Aeneid from the century American and African in the contemporary black family, loser’s point of view, in diary American literature. She is an African American woman form, via miniatures that add up winner of a Weinberg College said, ‘We didn’t have the privilege to a female epic account of Distinguished Teaching Award. of having families under slavery America’s greatest conflict, some- the way you understand them.’ It thing Western women writers — HER STUDENTS SAY: “I used was a frightening and contentious HOW IT ALL BEGAN: “I had and certainly American women to wonder how the best students moment, yet fascinating and written an honors thesis on writers — had never done before.” ended up in Julia Stern’s classes. important.” Faulkner at Wellesley. I spent a Then I realized that it’s not that year between college and graduate A FAVORITE POSSESSION: she attracts the best students, GOING BACK TO WHAT school teaching little kids, four- “Perhaps the thing that might she creates them. Her classes are WORKS: “I’m very interested in and five-year-olds. I realized by most surprise my students about magical.” close reading of the text, which is November that I missed talking me is that I have a doll house, a something that my discipline has about Faulkner with big people.” tiny replica of the 1863 Evanston WHAT HEATS UP THE CLASS: shied away from since the advent farmhouse on Ridge and Lincoln “Issues of race and the family of cultural studies. I give exams HER CURRENT PASSION: that my family rented in the late under slavery,” Stern says. in which students have to unpack “I’m working on a book-length 1990s. I collected the furniture as “I remember a very heated dis- a passage we’ve not talked about study of The Journal of Mary a child and, when I got tenure in cussion around the time that in class. They have to write about Chestnut, the well-educated wife 1998, my mother bought me the Thomas Jefferson’s DNA testing details of the language, the meta- of a South Carolina senator and doll house — the perfect present was unfolding. The week before phors and allusions, and the syn- Confederate general, who com- for the occasion, as it brought my the story broke, there was one tax. They can focus on the use of posed 50 notebooks of diary prior life into my present one.” set of students who were adamant a word or an image, whatever entries during the Civil War. that Jefferson would never have they’re interested in, but it has to have been using her exploited a slave, and another involve an imaginative engage- text for years, but literary people group who were saying it was a ment with the material.” haven’t because there’s no final, romantic relationship [with Sally finished, extant manuscript. I’m Hemmings]. During a vivid arguing that she’s writing a kind

HEATHER COLBURN

Heather Colburn is a lecturer in life. They have pretended they WHAT STILL FASCINATES: the Department of Spanish and were famous people who want to “The ways in which language and Portuguese. She is winner of the change their public image. And culture affect each other — that Arts and Sciences Alumni they have gotten the opportunity is to say, the ways in which Teaching Award. to really prove their recall of verb language, music, gestures, plastic are afforded an enormous number forms through exciting games and literary arts, and belief/value of opportunities to put their class- TOPICS CAUSING GREAT that almost always carry some systems are bound up with each room Spanish into practice right CLASS DEBATES: Colburn says sort of fabulous reward.” other. These things are constantly here in Evanston — whether students stretch their Spanish changing and evolving, as lan- through participating in activities skills on cloning, U.S. govern- HOW IT BEGAN: “I decided to guage and culture constantly sponsored by the Latino students’ ment involvement in Cuba and do graduate work in Spanish dur- change and evolve.” organizations or through volun- other countries, changes and/or ing the semester I studied abroad teering as ESL teachers, etc.” differences in male and female in Madrid as an undergraduate. WHAT’S CHANGED IN 20 roles, and the use of violence I was probably sitting at an YEARS: “Currently, Spanish OFF-CAMPUS PURSUITS: and/or terrorism against oppres- outdoor café with some friends, language instruction tends to fol- “I like to do the usual stuff: bike sive regimes. basking underneath the April low communicative-based theories along the lake, travel, spend time Castilian sun, and it of learning and is much more eas- with friends and family, read. FLUENCY THROUGH FUN AND would be cool to study and teach ily tested outside the classroom Basically I like to be outdoors as GAMES: “Students have debated from that cultural perspective.” without having to study abroad. much as possible.” the existence of extraterrestrial Today’s Northwestern students 5 9370/Crosscurrents F01 8/21/02 2:22 PM Page 6

LEADING THE FIGHT AGAINST LEAD POISONING

BY MEGAN FELLMAN 9370/Crosscurrents F01 8/21/02 2:22 PM Page 7

HILARY ARNOLD GODWIN (LEFT), ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY, STUDIES THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF LEAD POISONING.

CHICAGO’S RATE OF CHILDHOOD LEAD POISONING IS AMONG THE NATION’S HIGHEST. ESPECIALLY AT RISK ARE INNER-CITY KIDS WHO ARE EXPOSED TO LEAD PAINT IN THEIR HOMES AND TO CONTAMINATED SOIL IN PARKS, PLAYGROUNDS, AND OTHER OPEN AREAS.

In 1996 Hilary Arnold Godwin was charting a new course Five years later Godwin and her research group are for her research and had filled a notebook with detailed hard at work understanding the biological mechanisms notes about unsolved problems in bioinorganic chemistry, of lead poisoning, with the hopes of improving treat- an area that focuses on interactions between metals and ments for what has been called one of the most common biological systems. pediatric health problems in the United States today. Interactions between macromolecules in living sys- Approximately 1 in 25 children in the United States tems? The toxicity of lead poisoning? Designing fluores- suffers from lead poisoning, including 890,000 under the cent probes for neurotransmitters? age of six. Lead poisoning affects both children and G All the possibilities offered appeal and challenges, adults, but children experience symptoms at significantly making for a difficult decision. Godwin showed her list lower blood lead levels. Permanent developmental and to her adviser at Johns Hopkins University School of neurological problems, including lowered intelligence, Medicine, where she was finishing a National Institutes growth retardation, and attention deficits, can result from of Health postdoctoral fellowship prior to joining chronic exposure to lead as a child. In adults most symp- Northwestern. toms are reversed when exposure ceases. “Lead poisoning,” he said. “Definitely do lead Because it does not break down naturally, lead is a poisoning.” persistent poison in the environment. Primary sources of

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“IF WE COULD DESIGN A MOLECULE THAT JUST BINDS LEAD, THEN YOU COULD GIVE AT-RISK KIDS A PILL BEFORE THEY GET SICK AND EXHIBIT SYMPTOMS.”

exposure are leaded paint, which was not banned in the A major focus of her research is lead-protein inter- United States until 1978, and contaminated soil, polluted actions, specifically with “zinc proteins” involved in by paint from the exterior of buildings and exhaust from gene transcription and development and with “calcium cars that used leaded gasoline. proteins” involved in transmitting impulses between Chicago has one of the highest rates of childhood nerve cells. These two classes of proteins need to bind lead poisoning in the country. Minority and poor chil- zinc and calcium in order to perform their biochemical dren living in the inner city suffer from higher rates of functions. Godwin’s detailed biophysical studies have lead poisoning, in large part because of substandard and found that lead substitutes for the necessary metals aged housing, which frequently contains lead paint, and and alters the activity of the proteins. These undesired of large areas of bare soil where they play. interactions are thought to account for lead’s toxicity. Although the toxic effects of lead have been known One of the primary questions in this field was, Out for a century, very little is known about the mechanisms of all of the zinc proteins in the human body, which ones by which lead damages the brain and alters intelligence, were likely to be targeted by lead under physiologically behavior, growth, and hearing. relevant conditions? Through a series of experiments “For whatever reason, lead poisoning is not some- with isolated proteins, Godwin and her team found that thing chemists have worked on,” says Godwin, a newly lead prefers only those zinc-binding sites that contain a tenured associate professor of chemistry. “I’m looking at lot of sulfurs. This discovery confirms a fundamental a biological problem from a chemical perspective in order concept from inorganic chemistry that lead forms strong to develop better methods of detection and treatment.” For those diagnosed with lead poisoning, a treatment called chelation therapy is used, but there is room for vast CHILDREN ADULTS improvement. The therapy employs special molecules 150 that wrap around the metal ion, allowing the body to DEATH excrete it. It sounds simple, but there are problems. First, 100 COMA/SEIZURES COMA/SEIZURES the two agents used also extract zinc and iron, two ele- ANEMIA KIDNEY DAMAGE ments the body needs to function properly. Second, the ANEMIA 50 DECREASED LIFESPAN therapy often needs to be delivered intravenously and can DECREASED cause serious side effects, such as nausea and vomiting. ABILITY TO MAKE 40 DECREASED “If we could design a molecule that just binds lead, RED BLOOD CELLS ABILITY TO MAKE RED BLOOD CELLS then you could give at-risk kids a pill before they get sick 30 NERVE PROBLEMS and exhibit symptoms,” says Godwin. Development of a NERVE PROBLEMS new antidote may be hastened by the progress Godwin 20 INTERFERENCE HYPERTENSION has made in understanding the molecular mechanism of WITH BRAIN lead poisoning. DEVELOPMENT 10 Proteins are basic components of all living cells. To (IQ/HEARING/ GROWTH) g/dL perform its function, each protein first must fold itself µ into the proper shape. “We now have a better understand- ing of the proteins that lead targets, where lead binds to LEAD POISONING LEVELS (IN MICROGRAMS PER these proteins, and how lead changes the activity of the DECILITER) AND THEIR SYMPTOMS IN CHILDREN protein, which causes the damage,” says Godwin. AND ADULTS

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bonds with sulfur, a concept developed at Northwestern These insights into how lead interacts with proteins in the 1960s by Fred Basolo, now a professor emeritus provide a foundation for the rational design of new treat- of chemistry, and Ralph Pearson, currently a professor ments for lead poisoning. Specifically, Godwin’s group emeritus in chemistry at the University of California, has been using the that they have developed Santa Barbara. about what proteins are targeted by lead to design chela- “This was a very rewarding discovery — a good tion therapy agents that they hope will bind lead tightly example of applying fundamental chemistry to biological and “steal” the lead away from proteins. systems,” says Godwin. Godwin is part of a larger Chicago community com- The research also showed that lead binds more mitted to the problem, and it provides a continuing source tightly to sulfur-rich proteins than zinc but is not a good of inspiration for her. She participates in quarterly meet- structural mimic for zinc. As a result, lead distorts the ings with health care professionals, representatives from protein and its function. (Zinc proteins are involved in the Environmental Protection , the Chicago gene transcription.) In other words, when lead binds to Housing Authority, and the U.S. Department of Housing the protein, it does not trigger the structure needed for the and Urban Development, and Northwestern colleagues protein to do its job. Only zinc can do that. By fouling up Helen Binns of the Medical School and Kimberly Gray the signals, lead disrupts the developing organism. of civil engineering to discuss lead poisoning issues. She And, in a surprise finding, Godwin discovered that says the discussions help her understand the real concerns lead and zinc rapidly exchange with each other. Lead can of clinicians and help keep her involved in the problem. bump zinc out of the binding site and take its spot. It’s not “Health care people I’ve met have told me that yes, who gets to the binding site first, but who binds most this is important work,” says Godwin. “Their encourage- tightly, that wins the protein. And lead wins, aggravating ment has been a motivating force.” the threat. She also credits her Northwestern colleagues with “The studies with zinc proteins were successful, but helping her to flourish. “The approach I take to my work we also wanted to understand on a molecular level why is very interdisciplinary, and Northwestern has a highly lead causes neurological problems,” says Godwin. “That supportive environment for this type of work,” she says. prompted us to look at lead’s interaction with calcium “People like to collaborate and will share facilities for proteins, which are important in mediating nervous- instrumentation that I wouldn’t have had access to as a system signals.” junior faculty member elsewhere.” As with zinc, Godwin’s research showed that lead Calling Godwin “one of the world’s leading authori- binds to the calcium site in those proteins — and more ties on the chemistry of lead in biological systems,” tightly than calcium. Although lead can mimic some of colleague Thomas O’Halloran, Morrison Professor of the properties of calcium, it can’t mimic all of them, caus- Chemistry, says, “None of the existing ideas about the ing a malfunction in the protein’s activity. These results biology of lead poisoning could be tested without the echoed the results of the zinc protein study. fundamental chemical discoveries she’s made. Her Godwin also found that in calcium proteins lead likes achievements are a testament to her bringing together to bind to sites with lots of oxygen molecules. “There the worlds of chemistry and biology.” are probably a lot of different sites lead likes to bind to in proteins, creating different distortions. This might help explain why lead poisoning results in so many different symptoms,” she says.

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HIGHER ED’S HIGHEST:

BY NANCY DENEEN COLLEGE PRESIDENTS

Presidents of four major U.S. colleges and universities — Knobel, who earned his PhD in American history, all of whom received their doctorates from Northwestern set out to be a teacher/scholar. “When you’re trained at a in the 1970s — agree that there’s a peculiar twist in the leading research university like Northwestern, you come career path leading to the presidency of an institution of away really excited about scholarship and about under- higher learning. If you set your sights on the job too soon, graduate and graduate education,” he says, echoing the you will probably fail to get there. early ambitions of the other presidents. “The few people I have encountered who wanted to He says he eased into college administration: “The become college presidents early in their careers never suc- way you wind up in jobs like this is that you fulfill a ceeded, because they wore their ambitions on their sleeve,” responsibility like chairing a faculty committee. Then says Dale Knobel ’76, president of Denison University in you are asked to take on a larger responsibility like chair- Ohio. “They wound up not excelling in the core academic ing an academic department, and next thing you know disciplines that build people’s confidence in you.” you are a dean, then a provost or a president.” The four — Knobel; Graham Spanier ’73, president of It never occurred to Alice Hayes that she’d become Pennsylvania State University; Alice Hayes ’72, president a university president when she pursued her PhD in biol- of the University of San Diego; and Steven Koblik ’70, ogy at Northwestern. Even as the newly appointed chair president of Reed College in Oregon until stepping down of the biology department at Loyola University Chicago last summer — recently shared with Crosscurrents their in the early ’70s, she was focused on her discipline, not views on life atop the academic ladder. Representing only on administrative work. “I was in my 30s when I came to a fraction of the dozens of Northwestern graduates who Northwestern as a reentry student (a term I never liked have reached the pinnacle of higher education, they were because it sounds like you’re a rocket about to crash). selected not just for their remarkable careers but for the What I was looking for in pursuing my doctorate was not variety of schools training for administrative work but rather a continuation they represent. In of studies in my field.” separate telephone Biology may seem an unusual background for a top interviews they dis- administrative job, but Hayes says it’s been helpful in the cussed what it takes decision-making process: “Scientists have orderly . to be a president, We like to gather data. We are comfortable with ambi- the issues that keep guity, with holding two or three ideas at a time. Given the them up at night, complexity of a university, those are very good skills.” and how computers Graham Spanier says that his field, sociology, is a are changing the people-oriented discipline, and that putting people first way American is one of the qualities he brings to Penn State and its more students learn. than 80,000 students. In addition, sociology’s strong

“WHEN YOU’RE TRAINED AT A LEADING RESEARCH UNIVERSITY LIKE NORTHWESTERN, YOU COME AWAY REALLY EXCITED ABOUT SCHOLARSHIP AND ABOUT UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE EDUCATION.” — DENISON’S DALE KNOBEL 9370/Crosscurrents F01 8/21/02 2:22 PM Page 11

WHO HAIL FROM NORTHWESTERN

“SCIENTISTS HAVE ORDERLY MINDS. WE LIKE TO GATHER DATA. WE ARE COMFORTABLE WITH AMBIGUITY, WITH HOLDING TWO OR THREE IDEAS AT A TIME. GIVEN THE COMPLEXITY OF A UNIVERSITY, THOSE ARE VERY GOOD SKILLS.” — ALICE HAYES, PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SAN DIEGO

training in statistics with others and to get people together quickly. Today’s and demographic students have much greater savvy in using the news models has proved media to get their message across. They have a lot of years useful as Spanier of building on the experiences of others in learning how deals with budgets to advance their causes.” and enrollment trends. Koblik’s sense of personal responsibility for the 1,200 For Steve Koblik, undergraduates at the college kept him awake at night the new president of the during his nine years at Reed, “but if I didn’t care, I Huntington Library, wouldn’t have been a very good president,” he says. Art Collection, and Botanical Gardens in Pasadena, a “Most of them were between the ages of 18 and 23 and background in history was helpful in the president’s chair thought of themselves as indestructible. They were inter- at Reed. “As a student of political history, one has a sense ested in finding out where the boundaries were. . . . I was of the process in which decision making occurs, the afraid they’d hurt themselves.” He felt that responsibility whole notion of representation,” he says. “The authority most keenly when two students he knew well, each with is in the job, and the person comes in and assumes that severe medical difficulties, committed suicide during his mantle.” But he cautions that not every would first two years at Reed. make a good college president: Some scholars understand As president of a Catholic university, Hayes faces a the limits of power and some do not. challenge the others do not: complying with the guide- Though the four share an early passion for their lines of the Vatican document on American higher educa- respective academic fields and a desire to return to teach- tion, Ex Corde Ecclesiae, while maintaining the school’s ing someday, some of the issues facing each president are academic freedom and integrity. Ex Corde Ecclesiae, as different as the schools they lead. which became effective in June, describes the character- On Spanier’s radar screen is the renewed student istics of a Catholic culture on a university campus. The activism at Penn State. “This past year was probably our National Conference of Catholic Bishops has put together most active year since Vietnam,” he explains. “The issues more specific guidelines for the implementation of these range from globalization, capitalism, and sweatshops ideals in American universities. to graduate student unionization, racism, environmen- With far fewer members of religious orders or dioce- talism, and animal rights.” san priests on Catholic campuses today than in the past, He contrasts the current situation with the student the responsibility for expressing Catholic identity rests protests during his days at Northwestern, when nearly primarily with laypeople, Hayes explains. “The Catholic every student was concerned about issues like Vietnam Church rightly wanted to say that if something is called and civil rights. Now a relatively small proportion of ‘Catholic theology,’ it really is,” she says. “At the same students are active, he says, “but the noise level is pretty time, we have to be respectful of the academic freedom great. Because of the Internet, it’s easy to communicate of the faculty to do their own research and pursue their 11 9370/Crosscurrents F01 8/21/02 2:22 PM Page 12

“ SIXTY YEARS AGO, WITHOUT TELEVISION AND COMPUTERS, STUDENTS HAD TO IMAGINE EVERYTHING. TODAY A STUDENT IS EXPOSED TO OTHER PEOPLE’S IMAGES. MOST EDUCATORS HAVEN’T COME TO GRIPS WITH THAT.” — STEVEN KOBLIK, REED PRESIDENT, 1992–2001

scholarly agendas. Everybody is looking to see how we president are going to conform.” makes the How hands-on will the oversight be? Will curricu- personal lum and textbooks be reviewed? “Those are the right contact questions,” Hayes answers. Since the resolution will be that major worked out between bishops and theologians at the local donors and foundation officers often expect, while line level, she thinks outcomes may differ somewhat from officers are responsible for day-to-day management school to school. of the institution. “Fundraising doesn’t mean taking a Denison’s Knobel says foremost on his is a cup around asking for funds,” Koblik says. “It’s about concern of every college and university president: how to developing relationships and building bridges, and that provide a first-class education to today’s young people takes time.” while keeping costs down. While the use of information Spanier says being at the helm of a huge state univer- technologies across campus has made instruction better, sity means frequent travel to the school’s 24 campuses it has been a significant factor in driving up costs. and “a certain amount of public accountability with “We’ve reached an age where you wouldn’t dream of everything we do.” That translates into about 20 percent teaching introductory chemistry without half-a-million- of his time spent fundraising and another 30 percent on dollar pieces of equipment,” Knobel says. “And you don’t other external relations, including dealing with the media teach in areas like cinema without elaborate production and putting out legislative fires. Campus activities claim equipment.” the other half of his time — everything from budgets to Part of Denison’s $500 million endowment is used to student organizations to academic programs. Known as offset the tuition cost for more than 90 percent of its 2,100 a human dynamo, Spanier even finds time to be adviser students, so alumni and friends are frequently asked for to the university’s magic club. support to keep the endowment healthy. The recent eco- All the educators spend time planning how com- nomic downturn has shown how vulnerable even a large puters can enhance learning on their campuses and endowment can be to market fluctuations, Knobel notes. beyond. Hayes gives an example of how the Internet has This leads to the topic on every president’s mind: enriched some classes at the University of San Diego: fundraising. Knobel figures that with the launching of “A professor who teaches comparative here got Denison’s new capital campaign, he’ll be spending 50 per- together with colleagues from Japan, Europe, Africa, cent of his time raising money. South America, and Canada and created a Web page As Reed president, Koblik also spent half of his time where they put up case studies for discussion. Our classes fundraising, leading successful efforts to triple the are always small — 15 to 20 students with this professor — college’s endowment to $350 million. Koblik believes a but now when students discuss an ethics case, they’re college president is like a CEO of a corporation: The getting personal, religious, and political perspectives

12 9370/Crosscurrents F01 8/21/02 2:22 PM Page 13

from people from all over the world. And that discussion dexterity with technological tools but need to be chal- is so much richer.” lenged to think on their own. Ideally, he says, they would Spanier had a big vision for Penn State in techno- learn to combine the two abilities with remarkable results. logical innovation and succeeded in making that vision a The four presidents agree there will always be a place in just two years. Via Penn State’s new School of for the traditional college or university, where students Information Sciences and Technology, students can study live in residence halls and learn through face-to-face con- Web design, information systems, and technology public tact with professors. It was such close relationships with policy at 20 campuses. faculty at Northwestern, they say, that set them on the Spanier says the growing penetration of information winding path to their college and university presidencies. technology into the university community was the focus Koblik says at first he wanted to be a school superin- of his state-of-the-university address this fall. “Distance tendent, but under the tutelage of mentors like history and continuing education will be the largest growth areas professor Franklin Scott, his passion turned to scholarship in American higher instead. Alice Hayes greatly sharpened her analytical education,” he pre- skills with the encouragement of plant physiology teacher dicts. “The growth Jim Lippincott. Professors Howard Becker and Bernard will mostly be among Beck changed Graham Spanier’s view of the world by people who are place- exposing him to new ways of approaching sociology.

“TODAY’S STUDENTS HAVE MUCH GREATER SAVVY IN USING THE NEWS MEDIA TO GET THEIR MESSAGE ACROSS. THEY HAVE A LOT OF YEARS OF BUILDING ON THE EXPERIENCES OF OTHERS IN LEARNING HOW TO ADVANCE THEIR CAUSES.” — PENN STATE’S PRESIDENT, GRAHAM SPANIER

bound and want to For Dale Knobel, those bonds continue to this day: learn from their “From time to time I get to campus and pop in Harris offices or homes, Hall and people will act like I never left,” he says. “When people who need they hear my voice, they say, ‘Hi Dale,’ even before they credentials updated, see me. . . . That is testimony to some strong relationships people who are chang- that developed a long time ago.” ing careers.” But while the presidents praise the increased access to education the Internet can provide, at least one worries that computers don’t encourage reflective or imaginative thinking. “Sixty years ago, without television and com- puters, students had to imagine everything,” says Koblik. “Today a student is exposed to other people’s images. Most educators haven’t come to grips with that.” He thinks today’s students are talented and have remarkable

13 9370/Crosscurrents F01 8/21/02 2:22 PM Page 14

A DISCOVERY THAT MAY REWRITE HISTORY

14 9370/Crosscurrents F01 8/21/02 2:22 PM Page 15

Y

BY NANCY DENEEN ABOVE: JOHN HUNWICK, NORTHWESTERN PROFESSOR OF HISTORY AND AND A LEADING AUTHORITY ON ISLAMIC AFRICA

AT LEFT: DETAIL OF THE OPENING FOLIO OF A BOOK, EVIDENTLY COPIED IN NORTH AFRICA, DATING FROM THE 15TH CENTURY. THE BOOK IS THE PRIMARY EXAMPLE IN ISLAMIC LITERATURE OF VENERATION FOR THE PROPHET.

AFRICA HAS LONG BEEN REGARDED BY THE REST OF THE

WORLD AS A CONTINENT RICH IN CULTURE AND ORAL

TRADITION BUT LACKING IN THE SCHOLARLY WRITTEN

RECORDS UPON WHICH A CIVILIZATION OFTEN IS JUDGED.

NOW IT SEEMS HISTORIANS JUST WEREN’T LOOKING HARD ENOUGH. 9370/Crosscurrents F01 8/21/02 2:22 PM Page 16

IN AUGUST 1999 HUNWICK WAS IN TIMBUKTU, WHICH IS LEGENDARY TO MODERN-DAY AMERICANS AND EUROPEANS AS ONE OF THE MOST ISOLATED, HARD-TO-REACH

SPOTS ON EARTH. 15ßW 10ßW 5ßW 0ß 5ßE 10ßE 15ßE 20ßE 25ßE Larisa Sardinia Tyrrhenian Ioannina TURKEY Tagus R. Valencia Palma Lisbon Majorca ITALY Agrinion Lesbos Sea Izmir Rio Guadiana SPAIN Palermo PORTUGAL Ionian Patrai Athens Sevilla Cordoba Sicily Sea Algiers Annaba Tunis Catania GREECE Malaga Constantine Aegean Sea Strait of Gibraltar Gibraltar Oran Khania Rhodes Tangier TUNISIA MALTA Iraklion 35ßN Batna Vallelta 35ßN Gafsa Crete Rabat Sfax Madeira Casablanca Mediterranean Sea Island Medenine Tripoli Misratah Ouargla Marrakech Banghazi Alexandria

30ßN MOROCCO 30ßN Timimoun Canary Islands

ALGERIA Sabhah A remarkable discovery of manu- Layoun Reggane LIBYA Marzuq EGYPT 25ßN scripts by Northwestern professor WESTERN 25ßN SAHARA Djanet Al Jawf

John Hunwick is irrefutable proof Taoudenni Aozou

of a strong centuries-old intellec- Atar 20ßN Tessalit 20ßN MAURITANIA tual and written tradition of black Araouane Bilma Nouakchott MALI Faya-Largeau Agades NIGER Africans writing in Arabic. Senegal R. TIMBUKTU Gao SUDAN 15ßN SENEGAL Hunwick’s find — compared by Dakar Tamba Tahoua 15ßN Niger R. Kayes CHAD Niamey Zinder L. Chad Al Fashir Banjul Tambacounda BURKINA some of his peers with the recovery GAMBIA Niger R. Bamako Ouagadougou Sokoto Katsina NIGERIA Maiduguri Bissau NDjamena of the Dead Sea Scrolls or the find- GUINEA Bobo Dioulasso Zaria GUINEA BISSAU GHANA Kaduna Chari R. 10ßN Kankan BENIN Jos 10ßN Korhogo Tamale Abuja ing of the Anglo-Saxon chronicle Conakry SIERRA Parakou LEONE IVORY COAST Sokode Moundou Freetown TOGO Benue R. Ndele Lake Volta Ibadan Waw Bouake Ngaoundere that gave us a truer picture of early Man Porto Novo CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Kumasi Lagos Bossangoa Monrovia LIBERIA CAMEROON Abidjan Lome Niger R. Port England — promises to literally 5ßN Ubangi R. Accra Harcourt 5ßN Douala Berberati Bangassou rewrite history. The Ford Founda- Malabo Yaounde Bangui EQUATORIAL Ebolowa Bumba Gulf of Guinea GUINEA Bata Congo R. tion has given Hunwick and SAO TOME DEM.REP. CONGO Ubangi R. & PRINCIPE Libreville OF CONGO Kisangani Sao Tome Makokou Northwestern $1 million to further 15ßW 10ßW 5ßW 0ß 5ßE 10ßE 15ßE 20ßE 25ßE the study of African Islamic thought and to ensure that this northern Nigeria alone). Hunwick “What was amazing was that knowledge is shared with genera- wasn’t surprised, therefore, when there were manuscripts written in tions to come. a young historian in Timbuktu, the 15th and 16th centuries. . . . I saw In August 1999 Hunwick was in Ismael Dadie Haidara, who knew of a beautiful copy of the Qur’an in a Timbuktu, which is legendary to his work with Arabic manuscripts, fine Eastern script with a copying modern-day Americans and Euro- offered to show him his personal date equivalent to 1420, . . . and a peans as one of the most isolated, library, an old trunk full of carefully manuscript purchased in 1468 by a hard-to-reach spots on earth. With preserved manuscripts. man migrating from Toledo in Spain 100-plus degree heat and a sub- When Hunwick inspected the to ‘the land of the Blacks,’ hoping to Saharan location in Mali, a land- writings closely, he relates, “My eyes find stability there.” Hunwick treas- locked country in West Africa, were almost popping out of my head. ures another document for the notes Timbuktu tends to keep nonnatives . . . I immediately realized I must written in its margins: “The price out. But Hunwick, a British-born accept the challenge of preserving of paper was high, so [the writer] Islamic scholar who has taught his- them for future generations.” There just used the blank space to record tory and religion at Northwestern were 3,000 manuscripts written in fragments of history, such as clima- for 20 years, was familiar with the Arabic, some of them beautifully tological data, that no other known city’s past as one of the richest com- illustrated , prayers, legal source gives us.” mercial sites in Africa and a center documents, poems, and sermons. According to Hunwick, the dry of Muslim learning from the 14th They were the private collection of climate of Timbuktu played a vital through the 17th century. Through- one of the two great chroniclers of role in preserving the manuscripts, out his career he had collected, Timbuktu, the 16th-century historian which were written on handmade preserved, and translated important Mahmud Ka’ti, whose descendant, paper imported from Europe. “If it historical documents in other parts Haidara, had reassembled it from had been damper, they certainly of Africa (approximately 400 in various family members. wouldn’t have survived,” he says.

16 9370/Crosscurrents F01 8/21/02 2:22 PM Page 17

THE DRY CLIMATE OF TIMBUKTU (SHOWN ON MAP) WAS CRUCIAL IN PRESERVING THE MANUSCRIPTS, WHICH HAD BEEN WRITTEN ON HANDMADE PAPER IMPORTED FROM EUROPE. THE WRITINGS WERE FIRST SHOWN TO HUNWICK BY ISMAEL DADIE HAIDARA (BELOW), A DESCENDANT OF ONE OF TIMBUKTU’S

35ßN GREAT CHRONICLERS IN THE 1500S, MAHMUD KA’TI.

a

30ßN

noted that manuscript books were the

25ßN most lucrative commodity traded in “MY EYES Timbuktu. But the city’s location left it open 20ßN WERE ALMOST to attack. Control changed hands POPPING OUT OF many times, and Timbuktu’s popula-

15ßN MY HEAD. . . . tion and influence dwindled. Because I IMMEDIATELY of French colonial rule from 1893 to 1960, today’s residents, who remain 10ßN REALIZED I MUST Muslim, read and write in French, ACCEPT THE not Arabic. “The unfortunate thing,” says 5ßN CHALLENGE OF Hunwick, “is that right now, in the PRESERVING [THE 21st century, Malian historians tend MANUSCRIPTS] to have been trained in the French FOR FUTURE tradition and often know little or no GENERATIONS.” Arabic. And those who know Arabic have come up under religious educa- — JOHN HUNWICK tion and have not been trained in the methodologies of history. It should be time now to bring those two groups together and try to blend Arabic knowledge with historic knowledge.” “This is why manuscripts don’t sur- the merchants of Timbuktu for gold The Ford Foundation, with a vive on the East African coast, where mined in Mali. $1 million grant, has taken a giant it’s just as hot but much more “[Black sub-Saharan] rulers con- step toward helping Hunwick and his humid.” verted to Islam so they could trade colleagues at Northwestern realize The importance of Hunwick’s better with the Muslims, and Islam this goal of bringing African scholars find can only be understood in light filtered down from the top,” Hunwick together from all over the world. of Timbuktu’s vibrant intellectual explains. By the middle of the 15th The grant is being used to form the and religious history. By the 11th century, Timbuktu had become an Institute for the Study of Islamic century the city’s location at the important center of Islamic teaching, Thought in Africa, the first research southern edge of the Sahara, about with texts studied both in mosques center of its kind, at Northwestern. eight miles from the Niger River, and in the homes of individual schol- Through an ongoing series of lectures, had made it “the meeting point of ars. It was in these homes that large seminars, conferences, and publica- camel and canoe.” Camel caravans personal libraries were established, tions, ISITA hopes to stimulate from North Africa brought the some containing thousands of vol- interest and research in Islamic Islamic faith, along with the salt, umes, both imported and locally pro- African studies. The organization cloth, and copper they traded, with duced. A 16th-century commentator will help restore and preserve

17 9370/Crosscurrents F01 8/21/02 2:22 PM Page 18

“THE MANUSCRIPTS AT TIMBUKTU ARE JUST THE TIP OF THE ICEBERG.”

manuscripts in Africa and use the brotherhood. Also the way in which of history at Norway’s University of Internet to make African literary religion was integrated into their Bergen and at Northwestern, have tradition accessible to scholars and daily lives — prayer and fasting were completed two volumes and are the general public. Its Web site is part of everyday routines. I come working on a third and fourth. www.northwestern.edu/isita/index2 from a society where religion was a Hunwick’s latest publication, .html. once-a-week affair.” Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire, “We hope that this institute When he returned to England translates a major chronicle of the will be a permanent feature of he decided to study Arabic — the 16th century from Arabic to English, Northwestern’s intellectual life,” said language of Islam and the “Latin of making the history accessible for the Hunwick, “and that Islamic thought Africa” — rather than the French and first time to people who don’t read will become an integral part of our German he had originally intended Arabic. teaching curriculum. We hope, too, to pursue. In three years at the School While writing and translating to enlighten the general public as to of Oriental and African Studies at books, helping to preserve manu- the role that Islam has played in the University of London, he pro- scripts, and running the new insti- African societies, and to the fact that gressed from learning the equivalent tute keep him busy, Hunwick is also much of Africa has enjoyed literacy of the ABCs to reading the Qur’an enthusiastic about teaching the next and an intellectual life — matters and other early Arabic literature. generation of Northwestern students that may help to erase some of the Knowledge of Arabic eventually about Islamic thought in Africa. unfortunate stereotypes about Africa led to a teaching post in Nigeria, in And he will keep looking for that have been current and in many the northern region of which Arabic manuscripts. cases exacerbated by racist thinking.” was still a language of communica- “The manuscripts at Timbuktu Like many who make history- tion, written but not spoken. “In — they are just the tip of the iceberg,” altering discoveries, Hunwick pre- December 1961 I sat down in a school he says. pared for his find through a lifetime library in the northern Nigerian city of study and research in his field. of Kano and began taking notes on its His career path began in the 1950s, many manuscripts,” Hunwick says. when the young Hunwick, son of “And that’s when I became really a Methodist minister and fresh from interested in local scholars’ writing public school, chose to do his mili- in Arabic and the extent of their tary service in what was then British scholarly and literary activities. And Somaliland in eastern Africa. He that ended up being my first little spent 15 months there as an officer publication, an analysis of the manu- commanding Somali troops and scripts of that particular library.” learned to speak Somali. All of Hunwick’s “first little publica- the Somalis were Muslims, and tion” was the start of an enormously Hunwick became fascinated with ambitious undertaking in which he is their religion. still engrossed: a multivolume guide “It was the communal spirit they to the writings of African Muslim displayed,” he says. “Their religion scholars. Hunwick and ISITA co- seemed to unite them in a sort of director R. Sean O’Fahey, professor

18 9370/Crosscurrents F01 8/21/02 2:22 PM Page 19

AMONG THE TREASURES AT TIMBUKTU: LAST AND FIRST PAGES OF A 581-YEAR- OLD QUR’AN, LIKELY TO BE THE HANDI- WORK OF A COPYIST OF TURKISH ORIGIN

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE MANUSCRIPTS NOW?

The manuscripts have remained in Timbuktu in the possession of Ismael Haidara, the young man whose family owns them. Hunwick will return there in 2002 to meet with Haidara and to arrange for Northwestern to be the site of research work on the manuscripts. Then they will apply for funding to build a library in Timbuktu to properly house and scientifically preserve the documents. Hunwick hopes to have the most important writ- ings digitized and to bring scholars from Timbuktu, Europe, the Middle East, and the United States to Northwestern to analyze and translate them. He says one of his main goals for this and future finds is to keep the original documents in the communities from which they’ve come. “We want to make them more accessible to the international scholarly commu- nity through cataloguing and digitization, but to leave the cultural heritage where it belongs. I think it’s important that the local people should be able to appreciate their heritage by looking at the originals. There’s nothing like an American being able to look at an original copy of the Declaration of Independence rather than just a photocopy. . . . A feeling of connectedness to one’s heritage is very important.”

19 9370/Crosscurrents F01 8/21/02 2:22 PM Page 20

LOAN RANGER

20 9370/Crosscurrents F01 8/21/02 2:22 PM Page 21

“OUR APPETITE FOR RISK IS UNIQUE . . .”

BY LISA STEIN

As head of a nonprofit organization that supports enter- investment from the U.S. Department of Treasury, which prising, hard-to-fund community projects, Calvin it matched with contributions from other sources, bring- Holmes ’87 knows all about the importance of taking ing in a total of $2.3 million in new capital. chances. Since graduating from Northwestern, he has “When you’re a nonprofit organization, getting dedicated himself to empowering those who want to recognition and reaching any benchmark — especially a make a difference in the world around them. 10th anniversary — is important,” said Holmes’s friend Holmes serves as executive director of the Chicago Michelle Bibbs (Speech ’86), director of development and Community Loan Fund, which provides low-cost financ- external affairs at the DuSable Museum of African ing and technical assistance to community development American History, on the South Side of Chicago. “I organizations in struggling Chicago-area neighborhoods. believe that with the growth of CCLF Calvin is poised In the last 10 years CCLF has arranged nearly $7.5 million to make his greatest contribution to date.” in loans to a wide variety of groups not typically eligible Holmes grew up the son of socially conscious parents for traditional bank financing. Its client list includes in East St. Louis, Illinois. His mother worked in commu- affordable housing developments, a cooperative printing nity development, and his father was a member of the press, a bakery run by a consortium of schools, and shel- Black Panther Party and a director of a free breakfast pro- ters for victims of domestic violence. For his work at gram for children in a community center. CCLF Holmes was recently recognized by Crain’s When Holmes arrived at Northwestern, he suffered a Chicago Business as one of the city’s outstanding “Forty bit from culture shock. Attending the Summer Academic under 40” leaders. Workshop before freshman year, he and another student “I think our appetite for risk is unique in the commu- from East St. Louis drove around the North Shore one nity lending marketplace,” Holmes observes. “We wel- afternoon. “I thought, ‘My goodness, this is unbelievable,’ come innovation. We have a good track record lending to Holmes recalls. “There were some affluent communities groups who might not be as well-funded as others but in East St. Louis, but I didn’t go there very often. Being at who have vision and determination.” Northwestern took some getting used to.” No CCLF client has ever defaulted on a loan, Holmes Like a lot of freshmen, Holmes couldn’t decide on a reports, and the organization has become a model for major. His father tried to lead him toward a career in community reinvestment groups across the country. In engineering, but Holmes resisted. “He wanted me to be addition to receiving recognition from the Bank of an engineer because I could get good technical skills, a America, CCLF last year was awarded a $1.15 million good job and make good money. For him it was a surefire

SINCE 1991 THE CHICAGO COMMUNITY LOAN FUND HAS ARRANGED NEARLY $7.5 MILLION IN LOANS TO CLIENTS THAT INCLUDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS, A COOPERATIVE PRINTING PRESS, A BAKERY RUN BY A CONSORTIUM OF SCHOOLS, AND SHELTERS FOR VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE. NO CLIENT HAS EVER DEFAULTED.

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HOLMES HAS HAD A HAND IN THE SUCCESS OF MULTIPLE PUBLIC WORKS AND COMMUNITY PROJECTS IN CHICAGO. THE CITY’S HOWARD/DAN RYAN EL CONNECTOR PROJECT (ABOVE) IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE.

way to boost myself into the middle class. But I took one housing units in Baltimore for several years. In 1995 he class in McCormick and thought ‘Yikes!’” joined CCLF as a loan officer, executive After a discouraging sophomore year Holmes decid- director in 1998. Holmes also serves as a member at large ed to take a year off and moved into Chicago, where he on several national governance boards, including the worked three jobs to make ends meet. He returned to National Community Capital Association, the Interfaith Northwestern with a new major and renewed enthu- Housing Development Corporation/Chicago, and the siasm, meeting the single most important influence of Chicago Association of Neighborhood Development his undergraduate years, the late professor Leon Forrest, Organizations. in whose African American studies courses he found the In addition to encouraging community projects all inspiration and guidance he needed. over metropolitan Chicago, Holmes is particularly inter- “I think Professor Forrest understood that young ested in creating more economic opportunities in South African Americans encountering African American liter- Shore, a predominantly African American neighborhood ature and issues for the first time would feel angry, and on the South Side and his current home, and in strength- that anger could cause them to pull away from society in ening Chicago’s multicultural offerings for tourists. a bitter way,” Holmes says. “He cautioned me that even “I want people to be able to say, ‘Let’s go see this play in though I felt hurt and disillusioned, I should see through Rogers Park and this wonderful dance performance in that and not let it make me so blind as to discard bene- South Shore and eat at a Lebanese restaurant in Gage ficial knowledge and experiences from other cultures. Park,’” he says. “I think for the average tourist visiting He told me to channel my disappointment in humanity Chicago, it doesn’t quite work out that way.” into something good.” If such an ambitious plan is to be fulfilled, Holmes Holmes heeded Forrest’s advice. After finishing his can play a vital role in achieving it, according to his long- degree in African American studies he landed a job in time friend M. Eliza Hamilton Abegunde ’87, a poet who Chicago’s Department of Public Works running budget also teaches in the Evanston public school system. “He analyses for a number of transportation projects, includ- has high expectations for people as well as himself,” she ing the $160 million Howard/Dan Ryan El Connector. says. “He will explore all possibilities in his search for He earned a master’s degree in regional planning from efforts that will most benefit a community.” Cornell University in 1993 and then managed low-income

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WE REMEMBER . . .

. . . THESE WEINBERG ALUMNI WHO LOST THEIR LIVES IN THE WORLD TRADE CENTER TRAGEDY ON SEPTEMBER 11:

MELISSA DOI ’91 A successful businesswoman, Melissa Doi, 32, worked for IQ Financial Systems on the 83rd floor of the World Trade Center’s north tower. During her four years with the company she regularly traveled abroad to implement new banking software systems. Doi graduated with a BA in sociology and was a member of the Delta Gamma sorority. According to her mother, Evelyn Alderete, she loved Northwestern and was planning to attend her 10-year reunion this fall. Friends may write to Mrs. Alderete at 180 Davis Avenue, Suite 12A, Bronx, New York 10465.

STEVEN GLICK ’82, KELLOGG ’89 Steven Glick, 42, died in the World Trade Center while there on business for his job with First Boston. He lived in Greenwich, Connecticut, with his wife, Mari, and their two children, Colin, 6, and Courtney, 4. IN THE DAYS FOLLOWING As an undergraduate Glick belonged to SEPTEMBER 11, THE SENTIMENTS the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity and was SHARED BY MANY ON CAMPUS WERE EXPRESSED IN RED, WHITE, involved with the Interfraternity Council and AND BLUE ON THE ROCK. Dance Marathon. Fraternity brother Kenneth Glickstein invites friends to send their memories of Glick for inclusion in a book for the family. Write to [email protected].

CARLTON F. VALVO JR. ’85 Carl Valvo Jr., 38, leaves behind his parents, wife, and one child. A private memorial service was held in the weeks following the attack.

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THE WILSON SOCIETY FOR THE ARTS AND SCIENCES 2000–01 MEMBERS

GIVING IS THE CORNERSTONE

As graduates of Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, PARTICIPATE IN THE LIFE OF THE COLLEGE we share a special dedication to Northwestern’s tradition Wilson Society members attend receptions and lectures of a strong liberal arts education. At the heart of the by distinguished faculty members and have the opportu- University, Weinberg College educates all Northwestern nity to meet with the dean of the College and other undergraduates in the sciences, social sciences, and senior administrators. During the past academic year humanities, ensuring that students receive a well- Wilson Society members attended events that included balanced education that enables them to pursue many our annual reception and lecture in New York with different career avenues after graduation. Behind this distinguished professor of sociology Charlie Moskos, as dedication to scholarship and teaching are the many well as a spring luncheon and lecture with psychology alumni who support the College through their generous professor David Uttal in downtown Chicago. Addi- annual contributions. tionally, the Wilson Society held a cocktail reception and lecture on campus at Harris Hall with history A VITAL NORTHWESTERN CONSTITUENCY professor Ken Alder and a reception in San Francisco In 1992 the Wilson Society for the Arts and Sciences was with political scientist Jerry Goldman. founded to promote philanthropic support by recogniz- ing donors who have given $1,000 or more annually to AN INVITATION TO JOIN Weinberg College. Wilson Society members represent To those alumni/ae who are not currently members, we Northwestern classes from 1930 to 2000 and include men extend a warm invitation to join the Wilson Society for and women from most states as well as from many the Arts and Sciences. To fellow members, we thank you countries around the world. Currently, the more than for your support and encourage you to come to campus 500 Wilson Society members are a dynamic and integral and participate in events hosted by the Wilson Society, part of sustaining the excellence of the College. Weinberg College, and local Northwestern alumni clubs and organizations. GIFTS SUPPORT CRITICAL PROJECTS Gifts to Weinberg College support myriad programs, Sincerely, projects, and initiatives. From faculty and student field studies around the Chicago area to equipping classrooms with state-of-the-art technology, our gifts directly bene- fit and enrich the academic experience of students. One striking example of the importance of our support was Carole Browe Segal ’60 the recent development of a new advising program for Wilson Society Cochair Weinberg undergraduates that will significantly increase the College’s ability to mentor and guide students in making the best use of the University’s outstanding academic resources. Steven C. Preston ’82 Wilson Society Cochair

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BECOMING A MEMBER Arthur Pancoe MS ’51 Deirdre Berns Koldyke MMgt ’92, DEAN’S CIRCLE Becoming a Wilson Society Gladys Pancoe MSEd ’01 Martin Laird Koldyke ’83, MMgt ’89 member means making an *Simon J. Blattner ’58 Brian S. Posner ’83 annual personal gift for the *Kimberly Blattner Jennifer G. Posner ’86 *Martin J. Koldyke Jr. general support of the College *Patricia B. Koldyke *Marian R. Bolz ’50 Marcia T. Ryles ’81 at one of the levels listed *John A. Bolz Scott A. Ryles ’81 *Frances E. Lutz ’35, MA ’36 below. Unless otherwise speci- Deborah H. Brady ’65 *Robert P. Saltzman ’64 Erwin J. Macey Jr. ’55, MS ’57 fied, the funds will be used as Larry D. Brady Suzanne L. Macey directed by the dean of the James F. Sams ’54 College, when and where the Edward B. Brandon ’53 Betty Sams *W. Robert Meadows ’41, MD ’44 Phyllis P. Brandon ’53 need is greatest. Rosemary J. Schnell ’54 T. Willem Mesdag ’74 Rosaline Cohn MEMBERSHIP LEVELS *Helen G. Scott ’33, MA ’34, MA ’48 Michael H. Morris ’70 Christopher B. Combe ’70 1998–2001 graduates Courtney B. Combe Albert Viton ’33, PhD ’41 *Deborah Lewis Norton ’70 $100–999 *James R. Norton ’70 Lester Crown ’46 David B. Weinberg 1993–97 graduates Renee Crown Lynne Weinberg Andrew J. Oleszczuk ’78 $250–999 Doreen Peterson Oleszczuk ’78 Member Frank G. Dollear ’36 Diane Stillwell Weinberg Richard G. Weinberg Henry W. Overbeck MD ’56, $1,000–2,499 Kathryn T. Farley MA ’98 GME ’62 Fellow Jack A. Weinberg Edward C. Ferguson III ’46, MD ’50 $2,500–4,999 Sheila Weinberg *Steven C. Preston ’82 Sybil E. Ferguson *Molly M. Preston Benefactor Judd A. Weinberg ’47 $5,000–9,999 Margaret M. Forgan Frieda L. Weinberg *Francis C. Purtell ’41 Leadership Circle* Barbara E. Franke ’54 Joseph H. Wender ’66 Patricia Cusick Ripton $10,000–24,999 Richard J. Franke Dean’s Circle Orrin R. Williams ’45, JD ’52 Jeffrey A. Rosen ’79 A. John Gambs ’68, MMgt ’74 Kathleen Nichols Rosen ’81 $25,000+ Paula Gambs Anonymous (2) Benita A. Sakin ’73, JD ’77 As a member you will be Denise Barnett Gardner ’76, Gary M. Sumers JD ’78 MMgt ’78 LEADERSHIP CIRCLE invited to attend special lec- Gary E. Gardner JD ’82, MMgt ’82 *Barbara Soldmann Schadt ’60 tures and events on campus, *Nanette Colehower Britton ’44 *James P. Schadt ’60 in Chicago, or in other metro- Kathryn Gerber Donald E. Britton Margaret Gerber ’39, MD ’44 Madeline Graff Schwarz ’72 politan areas each year, and William A. S. Camstra ’56 William E. Schwarz ’59, JD ’62 you will receive regular news Leonard G. Ginger ’39 Norma Lomelin De Camstra Mary R. Ginger *Carole Browe Segal ’60 from the College. Nicholas D. Chabraja ’64, JD ’67 *Gordon I. Segal ’60 *Mary McConnell Glass ’32 Additionally, contributors *Walter Glass ’30 Susan M. Chudacoff ’60 *George Stephenson ’67, MBA ’69 *Jean Stephenson ’65 each year will receive a H. Grant Goodell MS ’58 Christina Codo ’80 brochure containing a list Franklin N. Corbin ’51 of active members and other George H. Heilborn ’56 BENEFACTORS Phyllis Ehrhardt Heilborn Lee L. Corbin ’51 items of interest to the Linnae M. Anderson ’62 Wilson Society. Mary McMeans Hoellen ’37 Timothy G. Dalton Jr. ’60 Howard Arvey ’42, JD ’48 Harvey Kapnick Ann Benedek Frank ’76 The alumni and friends whose Mary Redus Kapnick Robert J. Bishop ’79 Sally Hambrecht names appear below made gifts Susan Schmeichel Bishop ’80 Kenneth C. Kao William R. Hambrecht to Weinberg College during Alice Blum ’51 *Kathy L. Harper ’77, MA ’79 fiscal year 2001 (September 1, *Morris A. Kaplan ’35 Lawrence J. Blum ’50 Dolores Kohl 2000–August 31, 2001). Under- *Steven J. Harper ’76, MA ’76 *Mildred L. Calhoun ’75 graduate alumni are indicated Ellen Philips Katz ’70 David Kabiller ’85, MMgt ’87 *Joseph U. Schorer ’75 by the year in which the bach- Howard C. Katz Elaine Kabiller Arlene A. Czech ’51 elor’s degree was awarded. Philip M. Klutnznick and Irving Kabiller Other Northwestern degrees Ethel Klutznick Estate Ruth Dunbar Davee MA ’37, are noted by the degree or Gabriel T. Kain ’76 PhD ’42 Alan M. Leventhal ’74 program and year. An asterisk Andrea Kain Sherry M. Leventhal ’74 Alfred Feiger ’50 (*) marks individuals who *Jean Woollett Kellen ’58 Carole Grossman Feiger ’54 *Sherman R. Lewis Jr. ’58 were also members of the *Robert H. Kellen ’49 Wilson Society in its first *Dorothy Downie Lewis Kathleen R. Flaherty ’73, MS ’75, *David S. Klafter ’76 PhD ’79 year (1991–92). Michael A. Miles ’61 *Nancy Kestenbaum Pamela Leavitt Miles ’61 Daniel L. Flint ’53 Patricia Flint Adrian A. Nielsen ’39 Florence Jason Nielsen 25 9370/Crosscurrents F01 8/21/02 2:22 PM Page 26

*Alan J. Funk ’71 Charles W. Douglas ’70 Joan King Salwen ’82 Roberta Buffett Bialek ’54 Kevin G. Salwen ’79 Qung W. Go MMgt ’75 Thomas E. Dubis ’62, MA ’66 *Joseph E. Bodovitz ’51 Evans Schoeman ’70 Mary C. Henry ’81, MSJ ’82 James E. Eckelberger ’60 Linda Schoeman David C. Bohan ’75 Kathryn L. Kemp ’78 John F. Johnston ’68 Deborah B. Errath ’85 Charlene Heuboski Shaw ’70 Susan Spielman Johnston ’68 Thomas R. Errath ’84, MMgt ’89 Robert E. Shaw ’70, MMgt ’81 Anne Wilkins Bolz ’50 Robert M. Bolz *Richard W. Leopold *Jerald P. Esrick ’63 Carolyn Spector *Ellen Esrick Clayton E. Bond ’76 *Aaron R. Marcu ’77 Derek A. Steelberg ’86 Shirley F. Bond *Mary Lu Bilek Evan R. Evans ’57 Maria Vignali Steelberg ’87 Fiske Boorom ’50 Donald P. Monaco ’74, MS ’74 *Michael V. Fasano ’70 *Robert L. Tree MA ’50, PhD ’59 Warren J. Boorom ’50 Patricia Kiefer Monaco *Ronnie Vail Fein ’64 Mark Treger ’79, MMgt ’81 Frederick G. Bordwell Gloria G. Morison ’87 Michael M. Morison ’85, MMgt ’95 John R. Garrahy Jr. ’58, MBA ’67 Thomas J. Van Dam ’86 Susan E. Boyd ’65 Susan Van Dam Patrick G. O’Neill ’82 Adam Goldman ’82, MMgt ’89 *Louis A. Bradbury ’68 Joan R. O’Neill Karen C. Regnell MMgt ’90 John W. Watkins ’83 Marjorie L. Bredehorn ’41 *James E. Padilla ’75 Ralph H. Gorter ’83 *Jack Nelson Young ’48 Eleanor Coon Briggs *James B. Pick ’66 *Harry B. Gray PhD ’61 Anonymous (1) *Rosalyn M. Laudati James D. Bristol ’91, MA ’94 Roy R. Greening ’40, MD ’45 *Irving H. Porth ’41 Barbara T. Greening MEMBERS Julie Meyers Brock ’71 *Eleanore Porth Thomas W. Brock MBA ’70 M. Randy Hall ’60 Marshall Abraham (deceased) *Henry B. Reiling ’60 Marcia Pearson Hall ’61 *Charles L. Brock ’64 *Carol Schuetz Reiling Nancy A. Abshire ’61 Leslie A. Hoffmann ’70 Donald S. Brown ’65 Katharine A. Russell ’70, MMgt ’80 Carolyn South Achenbach ’72 Lee W. Huebner ’62 Charles R. Bruton ’68 William L. Achenbach ’64, MBA ’69 Jay A. Scharer ’85 Berna G. Huebner Gita B. Budd ’76, MMgt ’78 Geraldine S. Ackerberg ’35 Kenneth A. Schneider ’55, MD ’59 *Russell V. Kohr ’42 J. Mark Budd Nancy Dankes Schneider ’56 *Helen R. Kohr Bernard H. Adelson ’42, PhD ’46, Kristine Kupka Bushnell ’68 MD ’51, GME ’53 Timothy K. Krauskopf ’84, John S. Bushnel Jean E. Sheridan ’80 Martha S. Adelson MMgt ’99 Jack L. Butts MBA ’70 John D. Smith MMgt ’64 Mele Howland Mark S. Ament ’73 Mary Frances Smith Ann Elaine Butts Christine M. Lavelle ’89 David H. Anderson ’53 Lawrence S. Spitz ’47, MA ’48 Joseph K. Bylebyl ’73 Barbara S. Spitz James M. Levenson ’85 Earl M. Anderson Jr. ’47, JD ’51 Lance F. Bylow ’90 Kent P. Steele ’78 Diana H. Marsilje MA ’68 John L. Anderson ’76, MMgt ’77 Robert T. Carney ’69 Megan P. Anderson ’76 Julia Aring Uihlein ’72 Linda Martin MMgt ’96 James D. Carper ’79 David Uihlein Jr. Scott Martin ’84 Ruth Teninga Anderson ’40 Roger A. Anderson Marvin H. Caruthers PhD ’68 Irwin Weil Gregory McGillivary ’79 Irene C. Aronin ’73, MMgt ’75 John D. Cassiday ’59 Harold T. White III ’70 R. Duke Miller ’48 Sue Ellen Cassiday ’60 Elizabeth Phillips White Barbara L. Arras ’71 John C. Morris MMgt ’76 Chih Shan Chen MS ’64 Elizabeth M. Wilson Nancy Babendir J. Michael Newberger ’57 Stuart J. Babendir Jan Coil ’50 Anonymous (3) Thomas C. Nord ’62 Khosrow Badiozamani MS ’72 Stuart F. Conston ’77 *Jane H. Peterson ’65, MAT ’69 FELLOWS Ronald P. Bangasser ’71 *Lloyd J. Peterson ’65, MD ’69 *Ann Corrigan ’73 Susan M. Andretta-Bangasser ’71 *Kent A. Rice ’70, MA ’72, Louis G. Alexakos ’55 Annette Nicosia Peterson ’86, MMgt ’78 Deborah Baratta-Kraus ’76 MMgt ’94 *Glenn C. Anderson ’53 *Mary S. Cowen ’54 *Charles F. Barber ’39 *Ann Anderson Robert E. Precht ’76 *Lois LaCroix Barber ’42 *Robert A. Creamer ’63 *John H. Bitner ’61 *Damon Raike ’50 *Joy A. Creamer *Vicki D’Ianni Bitner ’66 Fred Basolo Jeanne Rosen Ravid MA ’73 Stephen L. Crews ’66 Mark H. Beaubien Jr. ’64, JD ’67 Larry L. Coates MMgt ’82 Phillip C. Ravid Mary Prola Beaubien ’64, MSEd ’78 Andrea L. Cunningham ’79 Susan B. Cohen Bruce I. Rosen ’74 Esther R. Benjamin ’79, MA ’80 William J. Damm ’77 Bonnie Swanson Daniels ’69 Aryeh Routtenberg MA ’63 John F. Benjamin Michael A. Daniels ’68, MA ’69 *Dale Friedland Daniels ’73 Michael J. Rusinko ’84 Harold T. Berc ’36 *Steven J. Daniels ’74 Ken C. Dawson MMgt ’91 Mary L. Rusinko Hillary S. Berger ’90 Robert L. De Fer Jr. ’81, MMgt ’88

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Donald D. De Ford Joan Trenchard French ’51 Winifred Lehman Hohlt ’60 Ronald E. Leone ’64 Leora De Ford William L. Gallagher ’64 Joseph A. Hollander Jr. ’42, Frederique Hartog Levin ’69 Debra L. De Lazzer ’84 MMgt ’73 Ruth M. Levine ’72 Steven J. Bailey Bryna Goldman Gamson ’67, MAT ’68 Jinlin Huang PhD ’92 Steven M. Levy ’79 James A. De Naut ’84 Edward P. Gamson PhD ’70 Claire Tolf Hugi ’78 Charlotte Kiefer Lindon ’42 Andrew C. Deckas ’85 Edwin P. Garst ’70 Robert F. Hugi ’80 Karen Patton Garst ’72, MS ’74 Daniel I. Linzer Esther Nielsen Deininger ’47 Sara Kerr Hunt ’68 Jennifer Linzer Michael F. Gentile ’80 Steven F. Deli ’73 Stephanie Wilson Gentile ’79 Donald M. Ihrig ’61 Eleanor A. Lorig ’73 Anne Tynion Michael A. Lorig Melvin D. George ’56 David S. Inglis ’79 Steven Joseph Denholtz ’77, MA ’77 Meta J. George ’57 Carolynn Bush Luby MA ’78, Wendy B. Denholtz ’78 Lynne Davidson Jarrell ’84 PhD ’85 *James F. Gibbons ’53 Jay F. Luby MMgt ’81 Jeffrey C. Johnson ’78 Lois Dierstein ’47 *Lynn Krywick Gibbons ’54 John E. Lucas ’53 Ronald S. Johnson ’73, PhD ’78 Catherine Miller Dixon ’87 Nancy B. Gilbert ’80, MA ’80 Mark D. Gilbert William M. Lucas ’72, MMgt ’75 Carole Kuk Dolan ’71 *Nancy Whitford Johnstone ’52 Michael G. Dolan ’71, MMgt ’74 Virginia Langner Luppescu ’78 James W. Gillespie ’68 Kathy Karth Jones ’77, MMgt ’82 Mary S. Gillespie Malcolm Dole Jr. ’57 Patricia M. Lynch ’89 Terence W. Jones ’65 Elliot R. Goldberg DDS ’72 Paul Drwiega ’77 Wendy de Monchaux Jeri Werner Goldberg ’71 Geoffrey P. Judge ’76 MacWilliams ’81 Marceline G. Duffill ’53 Steven David Goldberg ’77 Marilyn M. Judson ’45 Ann Augustus Marcus ’61 *Janet Sally Dumas Edward H. Judson *Maxine S. Goldenberg ’35 Richard L. Marcus *Lawrence B. Dumas Thomas D. Kaczmarek ’90, Howard W. Goldstein ’70 David M. Marks ’78 Betty L. Duncan MMgt ’97 Gerald H. Duncan Scott Walter Mattis ’77 Charlotte A. Gordon ’46 Lee R. Keenan ’69 Eugene W. Gordon JD ’48 Sheryl Levy Mattis Marie C. Duncan MD ’51, GME ’57 Barbara L. Keller ’68 *Suzanne Griffin Hale ’76 Patricia I. McConnell ’66 Jean Wisner Dupon MS ’81, PhD ’85 David L. Auchterlonie *William Benton Hale ’76 Ryan W. Dupon MS ’79, PhD ’83 Mary Ann Otto McCullough ’53 Matthew J. Keller Jr. ’58, JD ’61 Margaret Weatherly Hall ’63 William L. McCullough ’53, MD ’57 Eliza H. Earle Frances Ballou Kent ’72 Timothy Keese Earle Janet Kurzeka McDavid ’71 Michael J. Halloran ’75, MMgt ’79 Paul Anthony Kent ’71, MMgt ’79 Marsha A. Cameron J. Gary McDavid Howard B. Eisenberg ’68 Theo Jean Kenyon ’44 *Patricia J. Hamister ’44 Boris E. Meditch ’42 *Karl S. Eisenberg ’50 *Kenneth C. Hamister David D. Kim ’86 Marian Y. Meditch ’42 *Sondra Ward Eisenberg *Elizabeth Tomlinson Hampton ’38 Lois E. Kircher ’57 John A. Merriman ’64 Jessie B. Ellis ’43, MS ’45 *A. Niolon Hampton Everett F. Kircher Lisa R. Messinger ’89 Va ughn A. Engelhardt ’40 Phyllis McGuire Harris ’40 John R. Kolb MS ’71, PhD ’75 Esther T. Anderson Angela Metzger ’59 Mark D. Hassakis ’73 Patricia Korpan ’64 Gale D. Metzger ’58 Anne H. Evans ’47 Janet Strunk Hassakis Richard Korpan ’64 Steven M. Meyers ’74 Louise Evans ’49 Frank X. Henke III ’64 Daniel R. Kory PhD ’74 *Joan G. Monts ’73 Amy Millman Faxon ’75 Mary Bonnie Henke ’63 Rosalinda L. Kramer ’67 *Michael A. Monts ’73 *Mary Ellen Fellman ’54 Elmer L. Herbaly ’48, MS ’50 Phyllis Kratz Thomas D. Morgan ’62 James M. Herrmann MMgt ’77 William Kratz *Martha S. Ferris ’54 Sandra D. Morrison ’66 *Robert C. Ferris Margaret B. Herrmann ’75 Barbara L. Kristal ’72 Rosalie G. Mortell ’44 Joseph R. Hershberger ’85 David M. Kristal ’71 Barbara Jeanne Fields James W. Mortell Carl Geoffrey Heuchling ’81 Jody Krug-Schulte ’72 Candace Cole Figa ’73 Eric E. E. Moum ’77 Phillip S. Figa ’73 Kathleen Targos Hewell ’80 *Jean Gimbel Lane ’52 John L. Mullen ’60 D. Cameron Findlay ’82 *Laurence W. Lane Jr. Katherine Perkins Hickey ’79 Amy S. Findlay Ralph W. Myerholtz Jr. PhD ’55 James P. Hickey Gilbert Lanoff ’43 *Thomas B. Fleeter ’73, MSHA ’75 Shirley Stein Lanoff ’49 Herbert B. Nechin ’56 Jennifer Friedman Hillis ’74 Roberta Nechin Peter C. Flintoft ’65 Jacob Lassner Nancy Rose Hime ’50 Phyllis Lassner Louis Newman PhD ’71 Sheldon B. Foote Jr. ’46 William Gene Hime John E. Lathrop ’88 Helen A. Nikolas ’89 Marilyn Hansen Ford ’57 Gary C. Hitchcock ’74 Frances Lehman ’40 Phyllis E. Oakley ’56 Leila M. Foster ’50, JD ’53, PhD ’66 Alice Burry Hoffman ’38 Elliot Lehman

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Stephen F. O’Byrne MS ’74 Margaret M. Schmidt ’98 *Marvin Wachman ’39, MA ’40 Mary Anne Goldberg ’94 *Adeline Wachman M. Kurt Oelze ’75, MMgt ’76 Patricia W. Schmidt ’51 Melissa A. Goldsmith ’93 Debbie Oelze Leslie Kipnis Wagner ’68 Sarah M. Schmidt ’94 Amy E. Gordon ’91 Cathleen M. Osborn ’72 Adair L. Waldenberg ’72 Michael J. Gordon ’92 William A. Osborn ’69, MBA ’73 Kathryn Niles Schober ’64, MAT ’65 Jon K. Peck Rosemary E. Hawkins ’98 Edward C. Osterberg Jr. ’63, JD ’66 John F. Schramm ’82 Mark Waldman ’75 Susan R. Osterberg ’66 Wanda A. Schramm ’83 Shirley Herbowo ’97 Harriet E. Wallace ’36 Bruce F. Peters ’58, MD ’64 *F. Sheppard Shanley Ashees Jain ’99 Sally Bonacker Warburton ’64 *John E. Petersen ’62 Stephen T. Shapiro ’77 Jason S. Karon ’98 *Mary Livingston Petersen ’62 Howard F. Ward ’78 James H. Shedivy Jonathan D. Lange ’91 John Lee Peterson ’85, MMgt ’95 Lavonne Shedivy Arete Swartz Warren ’68 Eric B. Lev ’98 Julia J. Peterson ’85 Myung K. Shin ’87 Thomas R. Westerhoff ’62, MD ’66, Rebecca A. Levin-Goodman ’97 *Max Pine ’56 Pheodora L. Shin ’87, MD ’89 GME ’71, GME ’72 Hui-Jui Lisa Lin ’97 Daniel H. Pink ’86 Pamela Shu ’74 Barry A. Wilen ’72 Diane K. Wilen ’71 John Paul H. Lussow ’98 *Robert J. Piros ’49, MS ’79 *Samuel Siegel David L. Williams PhD ’62 Justin B. Maxhimer ’98 Phyllis D. Posner ’72 Marc L. Silberberg ’76 *Graham Williams ’53 John F. McNally ’92 Carolyn Mock Pruyne ’57 Mark A. Sims ’72, GME ’81 *Anne B. Vytlacil Brian R. Raney ’92 *Maxine G. Pusinelli ’45 William M. Smedley ’38, MS ’40 Stephen R. Wilson ’70, MMgt ’74 *John A. Pusinelli Jr. Susan Condon Wilson ’70 *Jean C. Smith ’59 C. Alexis Reiling ’98 *Leontine V. L. Radler ’83 *Martha B. Winch *Harold Edwin Snow ’73 Gretchen H. Rogge ’92 George B. Rathmann ’48 Estelle Blair Wolff ’41 Andrew Z. Soshnick ’85, MA ’85, Jill I. Roth ’98 Frances Joy Rathmann George D. Wolff Jr. JD ’88 Robert H. Schneider ’00 Mark A. Ratner PhD ’69 Brenda K. Soshnick *Joseph L. Wyatt Jr. ’44 Sapan A. Shah ’93 Richard D. Reis ’69 Stephen M. Stahl ’73, MD ’75 Ho Yang James T. Simpson ’00 Doris Redmond Reiter ’51 Richard S. Stavneak ’78 Lisa Gallo Ying ’85, MMgt ’89 Rollin S. Reiter Bhudhiphol Suttiratana ’98 Bonnie E. Stearns ’66 James B. Young ’66 Katharine W. Richards ’41 Neele E. Stearns Jr. Sally G. Young ’66 Serena W. Tse ’94 Raymond D. Richards Jr. ’41 William F. Strome ’77 *Roger A. Yurchuck ’59 Christopher J. Williamson ’99 Adrienne W. Ris ’70 Mary C. Sunderland ’78 Robert C. Worms ’93 William K. Ris Jr. ’69 Steven J. Zelman ’73 Eric J. Sundquist Bruce W. Ristow ’62 Kenneth Ziffren ’62 Tania Sundquist THANK YOU Gabriel M. Rodriguez ’79 Anonymous (3) Eugene S. Sunshine ’71 A. John Rose II ’72 Hollis A. Sunshine ’71 Judith C. Rose ’72 RECENT GRADUATES *Guy R. Syvertsen ’70 *Robert M. Rosenberg PhD ’51 Teresa Stafford Agruss ’93 Linda Tamkin ’74, MA ’75 *Virginia Hobbs Rosenberg ’50 Douglas B. Tamkin Michael D. Anderson ’97 *James A. Rosenthal ’81 Walter E. Thatcher PhD ’50 Kurt W. Bedell ’93 Ann Rubel Roth ’43 Eugene I. Tolpin ’67 Donald I. Roth Matthew B. Burnham ’93, MMgt ’97 Gerald M. Torrence ’71 Mary Sue F. Rothenberg ’66 Marie E. Cahill ’99 Frederick M. Rothenberg *Sandra D. Torter ’61 Conway T. Chen ’98 *Joseph Torter Lewis A. Rubin ’81 Albert H. Chung ’92 Constantine L. Trela ’76, JD ’79 *Patrick G. Ryan ’59 Alan D. Dang ’97 *Shirley W. Ryan ’61 *Cynthia A. Tuttle ’53 *Robert D. Tuttle ’51 Jane E. Dean ’96 Sanford J. Sacks ’56 Susan Riemer Sacks ’57 *Carol Upham ’57 Dennis A. Debobes ’92

Ian S. Sanders ’91 Peter E. Van Nice ’64 Brian T. Dennen ’91

Ray Sato ’88, MD ’90 *Margaret Vanderhye ’70 Joel G. Denny ’98 *Robert A. Vanderhye ’68 Marya Savola ’93 Robin H. Derman ’00 Steven C. Voorhees ’72

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ROADS MORE OR LESS TRAVELED, THEN AND NOW

To gauge how much career decisions have changed, we compared the career paths of early Northwestern graduates with the Weinberg class of 2000’s first destinations NORTHWESTERN WEINBERG COLLEGE GRADUATES BY 1876* CLASS OF 2000† after college or graduate school. (OUT OF 218 STUDENTS) (OUT OF 396 STUDENTS)

While more than one-third of the Ministry 34% 1% graduates by 1875 were going into the Business 16% 42% ministry (as befit the University’s early Law 11% 11% connection with the Methodist church), Education 11% 10% only 1 percent chose that calling from Politics and 7% 2% the class of 2000, with one each going government service into the American Friends Service, the Inter-varsity Christian Fellowship, Medicine 6% 15% and rabbinical studies. None of the recent Authors and editors 5% – class listed their field as “temperance Listed no career 2% – workers,” but there were other forms of Druggists 1% – service: five were headed to Teach for Agriculturalists 1% – America, two to the Peace Corps, one to the Inner City Teaching Corps, and one to Temperance workers 1% – Boys Hope/Girls Hope, to mention a few. Pursuing graduate degrees – 16% (other than business, The percentage of graduates choosing law, or medicine) careers in business almost tripled from the Military service – 1% (all Navy) earliest days to the present, and those Social services – 1% going into medicine more than doubled, Miscellaneous 5% – but the percentage of graduates pursuing the field of law is about the same. Perhaps most intriguing among the present-day * Northwestern University: A History 1850–1975 † jobs are the integrated science major who Source: University Career Services. went to play baseball for the San Francisco Giants and the international studies major who ended up at the White House as assistant to the director of speech. NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION U.S. POSTAGE PAID NORTHWESTERN JUDD A. AND MARJORIE UNIVERSITY WEINBERG COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY 1918 SHERIDAN ROAD EVANSTON, ILLINOIS 60208-4020

EDITOR NANCY DENEEN

PRODUCED BY UNIVERSITY RELATIONS

EDITORS MARIANNE GOSS ROSEANN MARK

DESIGNER GRACE DELCANO

© 2001 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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