Fall 2019 Volume 12, No

Kinesiology Today

Fall Issue 2019 Volume 12, No. 4 www.americankinesiology.org

Table of Contents Exercise and Pregnancy By Penny McCullagh, Ph.D. KT Editor Exercise and Pregnancy. 1

President’s Column was recently alerted to an article in the Calling all Kinesiology Leaders! ...... 4 INew York Times in August of 2019 written by Gretchen Reynolds. It highlighted a Brain Health Coach ...... 6 recent article by Linda May and associates The Greatest Race Ever Run – Read the Real Story! . . 8 that focused on the physical coordina- Executive Director’s Column tion of infants after birth for mothers that AKA: A Look Behind the Association ...... 9 exercised. I was immediately drawn to this article Insight to Sport for Visually Impaired ...... 11 since over 40 years ago I participated in a Cal State Fullerton Team Puts Muscle Under research study (Dressendorfer & Goodin, the Microscope 14 1980) that examined fetal heart rate response Fast Walkers Live Longer – A Lot Longer! 16 to maternal exercise. I was the mother and Does Exercising Make You Happier? ...... 17 Do You Wanna Dance? 18 my daughter who now has her own child swam and competed in a Master’s swim Barbara Drinkwater Leads the Way ...... 19 was the fetus. I had been an active exerciser program until two days before birth. When during pregnancy. I completed a marathon I looked for a gynecologist, I asked the Editor’s One Cent’s Worth when I was three months pregnant, contin- receptionist which of the doctors they knew Recognizing Mentors as Leaders ...... 20 ued to run until six weeks before birth, and exercised and they immediately identified

AKA Annual Leadership Workshop – Jan 23-25, 2020, Tampa, FL. “Promoting Physical Activity through Kinesiology Teaching and Outreach; An Eye Towards the Future”. Deadline for proposals, Nov 4, 2019. Pre Workshop 1 – “Undergradute Recruitment, Retention, and Career Trajectoires”. Pre-Workshop 2 – Facilitating and Highlighting Faculty and Student Research in Kinesiology”. See further details in President’s Column and on the website. www.americankinesiology.org Page 2

one that ran every day at lunch. That is how minutes of moderate intensity exercise per Dr. May’s most recent article in conjunc- I chose my physician. There was not a lot of day. In 2008, the Department of Health tion with colleagues (McMillan et al.), just research at the time, and I wanted to make and Human Services recommended 150 appeared in the journal, Medicine and Sci- sure I would get advice from a physician minutes of moderate exercise per week ence in Sports & Exercise. The purpose of who, I hoped would support my exercise and The Canadian Guidelines mimicked this latest study was to examine the influence regime. Interestingly, my daughter Makaila this recommendation. So it appears that of maternal exercise on the neuromotor (a professional ballet dancer) continued to organizations that review evidence-based development of infants at one month. For this perform and dance until the day before her research are supporting exercise during study 71 pregnant women were randomly daughter was born. pregnancy. assigned to either an exercise or control The views on the value of physical activity I tracked down Dr. Linda May who teaches group. The exercise group performed 50 during pregnancy have certainly changed anatomy in the School of Dental Medicine at minutes of supervised exercise, three times a over the years. In 2013, Smith and Campbell East Carolina University. She received a BS week, and the control group maintained their reviewed literature relating to exercise, preg- in Sport Administration, an MS in Exercise regular activity. On four of the five develop- nancy and physical activity guidelines. They Physiology from the University of Florida mental tests, the infants born to exercising discussed physical activity and pregnancy and a Ph.D. from Kent State. She has been women had higher scores. The researchers research that dates back to the third cen- conducting research on exercise and preg- concluded that maternal exercise can lead tury, when Aristotle suggested that difficult nancy since 2008 and over the years has to improved motor development in infants childbirth may be the result of sedentary produced a number of studies on fetal and and suggested that perhaps these infants lifestyles in women. Over the years, there maternal response to exercise, the benefits may be more active as children. Of course have been many who relate to information of maternal exercise on fetal cardiovascular following these children might be difficult, and thoughts that exercise during pregnancy and respiratory systems, effects of maternal but it certainly would provide convincing could actually harm the fetus exercise on labor and delivery and even data if this did occur. It was not until 1985 that the American physician advice on exercise. Dr. May also I wanted to find out a little more about College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists published a book in 2012 on Physiology of Dr. May’s research program so I asked her (ACOG) published guidelines for pregnant Prenatal Exercise and Fetal Development. a few questions. women restricting heartrate to 140 beats At East Carolina University, she is housed per minutes and no more than 15 minute in the Department of Foundational Science You have been involved in maternal bouts of exercise. The ACOG revised these and Research but cooperates with students exercise effects for quite some time. guidelines in 1994 and eliminated the HR from the Kinesiology program to conduct You are in a School of Dentistry – so and time restrictions and suggested exer- her research. She has adjunct appointments that seems an odd path. Tell me a little cising to moderation for 150 minutes per in both the Department of Obstetrics and bit about how you got to where you are in terms of this line of research and how week and then in 2015 suggested 20 to 30 Gynecology as well as the Department of you got interested in the first place. Kinesiology (an AKA member department).

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Since I teach and do research, my appoint- disease (obesity, heart disease, diabetes) American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, ment in the dental school is related to being in the future. We are also just starting to Committee Opinion 650. (2015). Physical Activity and able to teach the basic sciences, mainly look at ways to understand the mechanism Exercise During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period. gross and microscopic anatomy as well for these differences. December. Reaffirmed 2019. https://www.acog.org/ as physiology. However, I have found a Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/ Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Physical-Activity-and- way to incorporate dental health into my If you had three pieces of advice to Exercise-During-Pregnancy-and-the-Postpartum-Period. project. More importantly, I have helped give to pregnant women – what would to increase the awareness that women they be? Dressendorfer, R.H., & Goodin, R.C. (1980). Fetal Heart Rate Response to Maternal Exercise Test- should be treated by their dentist during •• Aim to get 150 minutes of moderate pregnancy as this is an important part of intensity activity every week during ing. The Physician and Sports Medicine, 8(11), 90-94. overall health as well. pregnancy, May, L. (2012). Physiology of Prenatal Exercise and •• However, every minute counts so do Fetal Development. Springer. What are your next steps in this line what you can and if you have never of research? McMillan, A.G., May, L.E., Gaines, G.G., Isler, C., & done anything before then start out Kuehn, D. Effects of Aerobic Exercise During Preg- slow, nancy on1-Month Infant Neuromotor Skills. Medicine Mainly we are continuing to follow the •• Listen to your body and do what you & Science in Sports & Exercise, 51 (8), ,1671-1676. children in our studies as they develop. enjoy. Additionally, we are continuing to do more Smith. K.M., & Campbell, C.G. (2013). Physical Activity measures on them after birth to be able to To see further information about programs During Pregnancy: Impact of Applying Different Physical tell if they have decreased risk of chronic at ECU – check out this website Activity Guidelines. Journal of Pregnancy, Article ID 165617.

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President’s Column Calling all Kinesiology Leaders! By Nancy I. Williams, Sc.D.

he call for work- also be super interesting and rewarding! with a focus on innovations in online learning. Tshop presentation At the AAK Annual Leadership Workshop, The overall theme of “Promoting Physi- proposals is out! The attendees share and engage in “chairapy” cal Activity through Kinesiology Teaching AKA Program Plan- (see Chronical Article) by sharing ideas, and Outreach: An Eye toward the Future” ning Committee is challenges, solutions, and providing encour- promises to uphold the goal of keeping Kine- now soliciting propos- agement and wisdom relative to the task siology departments on the cutting edge. als for the American of leading academic units in the field of Topics will include, but are not be limited Kinesiology Asso- Kinesiology. The meeting represents a to, promoting challenges and benefits of th Nancy Williams ciation’s 13 Annual unique opportunity to network with your promoting physical activity through general Leadership Work- peers and come away with new ideas, education courses, e.g., accessibility issues, shop to be held January 23-25, 2020 in new colleagues, and a sense that “you demonstrating the health/wellness impact; Tampa, FL. The workshop provides a are not alone!” the benefits of physical activity on mental unique opportunity for Kinesiology lead- The Leadership Workshop begins at 1:30 health, can Kinesiology departments play ers to network with others engaged in PM on Friday, January 24, and concludes a role?; what is the future of the Exercise university administration and interested in with the AKA Banquet and Awards Recogni- is Medicine on Campus initiative?; best enhancing their skills for effective admin- tion Ceremony on Saturday evening, Janu- practices for entrepreneurial opportunities istration of kinesiology departments. Two ary 25. The workshop is highly interactive involving physical activity programming for pre-workshop sessions will be offered with small group discussions on specific faculty and staff; preparing teacher and prior to the AKA Leadership Workshop topics related to the workshop theme and physical activity professionals to promote that will be targeted for undergraduate opportunities for networking with other physical activity in school-based settings, and graduate program directors. kinesiology leaders, including university and lots more. According to a recent article in the presidents, deans, chairs and directors, The two pre-workshops will be focused Chronicle of Higher Education, July 30, and faculty. New features of the meeting on “Undergraduate Recruitment, Retention, 2018, the job of department chair can be will include a session for new attendees, a and Career Trajectories” and “Facilitat- isolating, exhausting, and wrought with the “state of AKA” address from our Executive ing and Highlighting Faculty and Student challenges of being stuck in the middle Director, Gil Reeve, and for the first time, a Research in Kinesiology”. These sessions between a Dean and one’s faculty. It can pre-workshop session, the “Deans’ Forum,” will particularly benefit undergraduate and

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graduate program directors, along with department heads. Presentation proposals may be submitted for either of these pre-workshop sessions. The call for proposals for our Annual Leadership Workshop and Pre-Workshop Sessions can be found here, and the deadline for submission is November 4, 2019! Don’t hesitate, get your proposal in soon! In addition to our annual meeting, AKA has continued to move Kinesiology forward. Since our last KT issue, AKA has been working on publishing last year’s meeting papers in Kinesiology Review, publishing online Kinesiology Today, recruiting the next class of mentees for our new Leadership Institute, filling available Board of Directors and Executive Committee slots, explor- ing collaborative opportunities with NAK, NAKHE, SHAPE, and ACSM, improving our business practices, and continuing to offer member benefits like job postings, webinars, and strategic planning facilitation. If you haven’t yet explored opportunities to be more involved in AKA, please let us know at [email protected]. We welcome new members and as always, new ideas about how to advance Kinesiology!

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Brain Health Coach By Patrick Wade, KT Staff Writer

s a kinesiology student at the University mild cognitive impair- Aof North Texas, Lesley Bell learned a ment, a precursor to lot about muscle atrophy – but she never dementia and Alzheim- took a class that focused on brain atro- er’s disease. “Gener- phy. In the ensuing seven years while she ally, health coach- worked as a personal trainer, she never es at the Pacif- encountered clients asking her to make ic Brain Health Center their brains stronger. work with individuals “I had always been very focused on to help them improve physical outcomes because most people their brain health and come to a trainer and want to lose weight then maintain or tone their muscles,” Bell said. “There a healthy lifestyle that were literally zero instances when someone supports healthy cog- Lesley Bell, Lead CogFit Instructor and Brain Health Coach at the Pacific Neuroscience Institute in Santa Monica, California, guides a CogFit participant came to me and said, ‘I want to be sharper nitive functioning,” Bell in physical tasks and cognitive challenges. CogFit combines psychology with mentally,’ or ‘I’m losing my memory and said. “This includes exercise to improve brain health and treat cognitive impairment. (Photo used really need to address this.’” But now she establishing safe exer- with permission from the Pacific Neuroscience Institute) said she still has to pinch herself most cise routines, dietary days working at the Brain Health Cen- advice, adjunctive therapies such as cognitive function, reduced anxiety and ter at the Pacific Neuroscience Institute, home health care, tai chi, music therapy, depression risk, and improved sleep and Providence Saint John’s Health Center in art therapy, etc., and monitoring systems.” quality of life. It is becoming more main- Santa Monica, California. Her title: Lead The research on links between physical stream as well – Bell said she happened CogFit Instructor, Personal Trainer and fitness and cognitive function is still emerg- to be watching a recent episode of “The Brain Health Coach. ing, but the benefits of exercise on brain Doctors” on television when the characters As a kinesiology professional working health are becoming clearer. In fact, the started discussing the links between brain as a Brain Health Coach, Bell seeks to link second edition of the federal government’s health and physical activity. physiology and psychology to focus on over- Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, “I think it is something that people are all personal wellness. Many of the patients released in 2018, emphasized the impor- becoming more aware of, and I’m super referred to her by the clinic’s physicians have tance of physical activity for improved excited to be on the front lines of this situa-

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tion,” Bell said. Still, not many opportunities of the degenerative processes that occur ability to help them with things like slowing to work in that common ground between in people with Alzheimer’s and dementia. mild cognitive impairment and improving psychology and fitness exist for kinesiol- BDNF is thought to play a critical role in verbal fluency or executive functioning … ogy professionals, Bell said. She considers building a stronger hippocampus and, depending on what they’re needing most,” herself to be one of the lucky few. therefore, a stronger memory. Bell said. The CogFit program is one of CogFit is one of the exciting programs “We’re trying to double down on that,” the few she is aware of that are beginning that Bell is developing at the Pacific Neuro- Bell said. to link physical fitness with brain health in science Institute with Director of Research For example, CogFit participants will be real-world scenarios. In the kinesiology and Programming at the Pacific Brain Health asked to solve fairly simple math equations world, it is an emerging area. Center, cognitive psychologist Sarah McE- that appear on a screen in front of them. “As far as I know,” Bell said, “there’s wen, PhD, NSCA-CPT. The basis for the But instead of simply writing down the nothing out there for us as personal train- program is McEwen’s research into what answer or saying it out loud, they respond ers for brain health … the gap needs to happens to the brain when you combine with a physical movement to the left or be bridged.” cognitive challenges with physical activity. right – maybe a lateral lunge. “Through References Bell explained in an interview with Kine- neuropsychological testing, we are able siology Today that previous research has to see which cognitive domains patients Pacific Neuroscience Institute. (2019). Lesley Bell (bio). shown physical activity increases production may struggle in,” Bell said. “For example, Retrieved Sept. 30, 2019, from https://www.pacificneu- of a protein called brain-derived neurotrophic working memory, selective attention and roscienceinstitute.org/people/lesley-bell/ factor, or BDNF. But when you combine long-term memory can all be improved Liu, P., & Nusslock, R. (2018). Exercise-Mediated Neuro- physical activity with cognitive challenges, through various cognitive tasks, but when genesis in the Hippocampus via BDNF. Retrieved Sept. 30, McEwen’s research has shown a much more we simultaneously combine those tasks 2019, from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ significant increase in neuroplasticity within with physical activity, we are strengthening fnins.2018.00052/full the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, specific parts of the brain responsible for U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2018). which is the part of the brain responsible each of those functions.” Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (2nd edi- for memory. The program is still in a pilot period as tion). Retrieved Sept. 30, 2019, from https://health.gov/ Some studies have even shown that exer- it has only been underway for a couple paguidelines/second-edition/pdf/Physical_Activity_ Guidelines_2nd_edition.pdf cise can help the brain grow new connec- months. Still, it gives Bell a chance to work tions through a process called neurogenesis, in a relatively new realm combining physical contravening the idea that the number of wellness with mental wellness. neurons in a person’s brain remains static “My job here combines everything I’ve from birth (Liu & Nusslock, 2018). Neuro- ever wanted to do by helping people not genesis can counter the deleterious effects only become fitter, but it also gives me the

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The Greatest Race Ever Run – Read the Real Story! By Penny McCullagh, Ph.D., Editor KT

he Hawaii Ironman Triathlon is consid- with Dave and Mark, cre- Tered by many to be the premier race ated together the story of of its kind in the world. The Hawaii race the 1989 race that would was started in 1978 by John Collins, a go down in history. The naval officer stationed in Hawaii and his competitors battled body wife. They had previously competed in to body for over eight triathlons in San Diego and then John got hours never more than stationed in Hawaii. During an awards a few feet apart. Since banquet, fellow athletes began debating Scott, Dave and Mark who were the fittest: swimmers, bikers, or have all moved into their runners. They decided to combine three sixties – they decided to of the toughest existing endurance races cooperate and tell the on the island of Oahu. On February 18, real story. The story is 1978, 15 competitors came to the shores published one story a of Waikiki to take on the first-ever “Hawai- week starting August ian Iron Man Triathlon.” The race moved 22, 2019. The stories are to Kona in 1981. imbedded with some short videos and Two athletes – Dave Scott and Mark wonderful story telling. You will also get Allen are the best known athletes from this links to their personal websites that offer race – each winning 6 titles. Numerous coaching options. So get off your Netflix accounts of the battle between these two and read these at https://1989thestory.com/ athletes have appeared in the press, some For a previous story on Dave Scott see of the stories unfounded, and untrue. Scott the Winter 2016 issue of Kinesiology Today Zagarino has been involved with triathlons for http://www.americankinesiology.org/Content/ over 35 years and has been nominated for Documents/Spring_2016_r61.pdf. numerous social media awards. He, along

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Executive Director’s Column AKA: A Look Behind the Association By T. Gilmour Reeve, Ph.D.

o paraphrase Kinesiology in higher education), the joint of the following groups and individuals: Tan old saying: sponsorship with the National Academy of The Executive Committee includes Nancy “Behind every suc- Kinesiology of the peer-reviewed journal Williams, President; Jason Carter, Past cessful association, Kinesiology Review, the faculty position President; Al Smith, President-Elect; Melin- there are dedicated announcement service, AKA webinars, da Solmon, Secretary/Treasurer, and two individuals who make the AKA Strategic Planning and Assess- Members-at-Large – Sarah Price and Karen the association suc- ment Support Program, and the networking Francis; and the Board of Directors with cessful.” opportunities for Kinesiology administrators 15 individuals from colleges and universi-

T. Gilmour Reeve The American and faculty. ties across the country (see http://www. Kinesiology Asso- But these programs and services require americankinesiology.org/SubPages/Pages/ ciation is among the newest professional professionals who are committed to the Leadership). There are also seven Standing organizations in the field of Kinesiology. advancement of our discipline and who Committees (http://www.americankinesiol- In January 2020, AKA will hold its 13th volunteer their time and talents to make ogy.org/SubPages/Pages/Committees). Annual Leadership Workshop in Tampa, AKA a successful organization. One would The Future Directions Committee, chaired Florida. These workshops have proven to have to examine our by-laws and operating by John Bartholomew, and the Member- be extremely successful and beneficial codes to begin to appreciate the contribu- ship Committee, chaired by Lanie Dornier, to those who participate in the interactive tions that these individuals make to AKA. provide critical support to the overall AKA learning presentations and discussions. But that wouldn’t fully capture the work that operations. Kim Scott, the AKA Business But the annual leadership workshops are is done by those who serve AKA. Each Manager, supports the work of these and only the “tip of the iceberg” that represent year, there are more than 90 individuals all other committees. Kim coordinates the the extensive AKA programs and activities. serving on the numerous committees and AKA workshops and webinars and sched- Other programs and services include programs that contribute to fulfilling the ules the various committee meetings held the Inclusive Excellence Award, student AKA mission and vision. throughout the year. and leadership awards, AKA webinars, Here is an overview of the individuals AKA offers numerous educational and the Leadership Institute (now beginning and committees that have worked continu- professional development opportunities. The its second year), publication of Kinesiol- ally throughout the past year to ensure the primary annual event is the AKA Leadership ogy Today (an online magazine address- success of AKA. Workshop. The workshop and pre-workshop ing current trends and issues impacting Association operations require the work sessions are organized by the Workshop

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Planning Committee, chaired by Nancy Wil- the peer-reviews for the workshop papers Kinesiology Today is a quarterly mag- liams. The workshop brings together over to be published. azine that provides current trends and 100 Kinesiology administrators and faculty AKA identifies outstanding adminis- issues in Kinesiology that are of interest to who participate in intense and interactive trators and students annually. The J. R. administrators and faculty in higher educa- sessions focused on topics of importance Thomas Distinguished Leadership Award tion. http://www.americankinesiology.org/ to Kinesiology in higher education. AKA recognizes individuals who have made SubPages/Pages/Kinesiology%20Today Webinars coordinated by the Communica- significant contributions to Kinesiology Penny McCullagh serves as the editor of tions and Marketing Committee, chaired at undergraduate, Master’s, and doctoral KT. Other AKA services, such as the post- by Jeff Fairbrother, includes presentations degree institutions. Additionally, outstanding position announcements through AKA planned by other AKA committees. The ing undergraduate and graduate students Career Center and the Strategic Planning new Leadership Institute begins its sec- are selected each year from our member and Assessment Support Program, are ond year at the 2020 AKA workshop. The academic departments and schools. At the managed by the AKA Executive Director Institute is planned by co-coordinators graduate level, an outstanding writing award and Kim Scott. Jason Carter and John Bartholomew, with is also selected each year. The Student AKA appreciates the tremendous work webinars presented by Kinesiology experts Scholar Award Committee, chaired by Chris that these individuals and their committee and bi-monthly discussions with assigned Hearon, reviews hundreds of applications members do. To conclude with another mentors. The year-long Institute provides each year to make the difficult decisions familiar quote “it takes a village” of dedicated advanced knowledge and skill development in selecting the National Student Scholar Kinesiology professionals to make AKA for emerging leaders. Beginning in 2020, Award Winners. AKA also offers an award the leading professional organization that Mary Rudisill will serve as the Director of the for outstanding support for diversity and promotes Kinesiology as a unified field of Leadership Institute. AKA selects papers inclusion by an academic department/ study and enhances its many applications. from its annual workshop to be published school. The Inclusive Excellence Award Thanks to all those who contribute to and in Kinesiology Review. The Publications is selected by the Diversity Committee, participate in AKA’s success! Committee, chaired by Tim Gavin, proofs chaired by Jared Russell.

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Insight to Sport for Visually Impaired By Amy Rose, KT Staff Writer

amp Abilities, a sport camp experi- Cence for visually impaired, blind and deafblind youth, was created in 1996 by Dr. Lauren Lieberman on the campus of the SUNY College at Brockport. Accord- ing to their website, the purpose of the camp is to empower children to learn sports and activities and to advocate for the modifications that help them succeed. Research has shown that individuals with visual impairments have a lower level of Photos provided by Camp Abilities, Long Island Photos provided by Camp Abilities, Long Island Photos provided fitness than their sighted peers. Camp Abilities, Long Island camp administrators In the past 23 years, Camp Abilities has (left to right) Lisa Innella Santos, Ellen Kowalski, Kate Santos said. “I worked for that whole year Manson and Taylor McDonnell expanded throughout the United States to make it happen.” and the world. Dr. Lieberman embarked Santos was assisted by her graduate this fall on a Global Fulbright sabbatical advisor, Ellen Kowalski, who now serves at trip to create Camp Ability sites in Ghana, the Assistant Director of the camp as well Ireland and Brazil. The website currently as the Coordinator of Master’s program for lists 35 additional camps including Camp Adapted Physical Education at Adelphi. Abilities, Long Island, which is hosted on Kowalski sees the impact of the camp not the campus of AKA member Adelphi Uni- only on the campers, but her students as versity. Camp Abilities, Long Island was well. The camp is heavily staffed by Adelphi established in 2009, by Lisa Innella Santos students, who mostly volunteer but also who had worked the previous summer as can earn credit as an independent study, a graduate student volunteer coach at the as well as alumni and former athletes who Brockport camp. “I fell in love with it and attended the camp. Kowalski said, “I do asked how I could start a camp of my own,” it because I love it. As exhausting as it is, Photos provided by Camp Abilities, Long Island Photos provided

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it’s also energizing. There’s nothing like it.” opening as a coach. She later moved up to She said it also helps students in the job a specialist position, teaching activities to market by having experience working with the athletes. “I know I had the knowledge visually disabled children. of the organization and the professional The camp is a four day residential experi- skills to keep the camp going,” she said ence that includes a variety of sports and of her succession to Santos. physical activities for the athletes. Athletes McDonnell explained that the camp and coaches are paired up in one-on-one schedule revolves through five main areas partners. They share suites on campus for of sport and activity: beep ball, tandem the week. The coaches help the athletes biking, goalball, swimming, and track and

expand their independence and assist field. These five activities are specifically by Camp Abilities, Long Island Photos provided with challenges they have during the week. geared toward visually impaired individuals For many of the campers, this is their first or are easily adaptable. overnight experience, the first time they Beep ball is a version of baseball that have tried any sports and the first time they includes balls and bases that beep. Every- have met others with visual impairment. one is blindfolded to even the amount of Many of the athletes form lasting friend- vision of the players. Goalball is played on ships and support groups that continue a court with raised boundary lines and play- long after camp has ended. “At the end ers try to get a large ball with bells past the of camp, parents are moved to see their other team. Coaches receive prior training child do things that they didn’t think they so that they are also experience on how to could do,” Kowalski said. adapt to the new environment. Specialists

Santos, the founder of Camp Abilities, teach these activities, plus other activities by Camp Abilities, Long Island Photos provided Long Island, has recently stepped down from that the athletes can choose from during the Executive Director position to concen- the day. Those activities have included back to their teachers at school, which helps trate on her growing family, but still remains soccer, basketball, rollerblading, wrestling, explain adaptations and ideas needed to involved in the camp. Taylor McDonnell is in yoga, and dance. McDonnell said lacrosse keep the student activity in physical edu- her second year as the Executive Director, was added last year as a request from an cation and sports. “Some kids are joining after serving as a volunteer at the camp for athlete and has been very popular with their school team with some adaptation,” nine years. Taylor’s sister was an Adelphi athletes and staff. she said. According to Santos, wrestling student and involved with the camp. She Santos said the youth athletes are pro- is an especially good sport for the sight- recruited McDonnell to take a last minute vided with an information packet to take impaired to be involved in at the school level.

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The expansion of Camp Abilities, Long with the opportunity to work with visually Abilities does provide guidance, consulting Island is a goal for McDonnell and her staff, impaired students in a hands-on experience. services and a manual on their website to since the program relies solely on fundrais- Kowalski added, “Many of our (Adelphi) help each camp to be successful in their ing and grant funding. “I want to create students say they are changed” after work- mission to provide a positive experience a culture of philanthropy and increase our ing at the camp. and lifelong lessons to their athletes and fundraising stability,” McDonnell said. She Camp Abilities not only provides an staff. Matthew Farwell, Graduate Assistant appreciates the cooperation of Adelphi in opportunity for campers to see their abili- for Camp Abilities, Brockport, said, “Both supporting the camp and working with them ties to include sport and physical activity the athletes and coaches become a fam- to provide facilities, accommodations and in their lives, but also to see potential for ily and we all look forward to seeing each meals for the camp. But Camp Abilities, making it a lifelong goal. The camp invites other year after year.” Long Island is a paying customer, so more visually impaired athletes and representa- funding opportunities would also help the tives from the United States Association camp provide more for the campers and for Blind Athletes to speak at the camp, hopefully expand the number of participants, as well as professional players from local which is currently capped at 25 per year. beep ball organizations. In return, McDonnell says hosting the camp Each Camp Abilities organization is a helps Adelphi in other ways, such as with separate entity, with their own director, recruiting new students and providing them insurance and organization, but Camp

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Cal State Fullerton Team Puts Muscle Under the Microscope By Patrick Wade, KT Staff Writer

r. Andy Galpin, Associate Professor Din the Department of Kinesiology, Cal State Fullerton (an AKA member department) has looked at a lot of muscle biop- sies under the microscope. “Easily north of 300, maybe double that,” Galpin said. From Olympic-caliber weight lifters to kidney failure patients, Galpin has looked at a wide range of muscles at in people with different levels of fitness. And he and his team at Cal State Fullerton are finding that each biopsy not only tells a history extent, but the real scenario is that muscle their way out,” Galpin said. “They are likely about that individual’s psychical activity fibers lie more on a spectrum from slow- to be candidates for cell death in the near habits, but it can also make predictions twitch to fast-twitch to super-fast-twitch. future. There’s no physiological advantage about where that person might be headed. Then there are hybrid muscle fibers, which to having them.” “There are certain aspects that are really are some combination of slow-twitch and Someone who is, for example, middle- similar between each person, and there are fast-twitch fiber types. And in large part, it aged and obese will generally have a some that are not even close,” Galpin said. is this “hybrid” type of muscle that allows higher percentage of this kind of muscle. He and his team started looking at muscle Galpin to predict what someone’s fitness An individual may even be quite healthy fibers to see what distinctions they could level is and where they might be headed but refrains from exercise and have a high make. What they found was that people as far as losing that muscle as they age. percentage of hybrid muscle. who were unfit had a higher abundance of These hybrid types have the ability to Athletes have almost none. “That’s a some “hybrid” muscle fiber types typically transition into slow-twitch or fast-twitch very clear indicator that doesn’t change,” associated with poor health. muscles, but they need some kind of exer- Galpin said. And there is no hiding it when First, you have to understand the range cise input to make that transition. If they do it’s your muscle under the microscope. of muscle fiber types. Generally, people not get that input, they have a tendency “You can’t fake it,” Galpin said. “You can think of two kinds of muscle fibers: slow- to disappear. “If we see those, you can kind of fake your way through a workout or twitch and fast-twitch. This is accurate to an almost guarantee that those fibers are on fake your way through a strength test, but

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you can fake this. You’re only getting that That told Galpin that the phenomenon high intensity interval training, something because of a lack of exercise.” has nothing to do with gender, but it is that is “powerful or strong,” and something The team has seen it at both ends of more likely that the differences can be that builds muscle mass. “The key to all of the spectrum. In March 2019, the group attributed to training. Another novel look that is there has to be some sort of progres- published a study after looking at muscle at the phenomenon came when the team sive overload,” Galpin said. “You can’t just types in elite weightlifters who had quali- studied two identical twins with a lifetime do the same workout every day.” fied for the Olympics or world champion- of diverging exercise habits – one twin References ship competitions and compared that to did almost nothing, and the other made weightlifters who qualified for nationals. a habit of endurance training like cycling Schuler, L. (2019). How Scientists Are Learning How to Galpin said it was a good opportunity to and running. Use Your Muscles to Predict Your Mortality. Men’s Health. look at an extreme end of the spectrum so “It’s the dream of every scientist,” Galpin Retrieved Sept. 30, 2019, from https://www.menshealth. com/fitness/a27559880/muscle-cell-fiber-research- researchers could better understand what’s said of the opportunity to study genetically mentality/ possible in the people who are the best in identical individuals with starkly different the world at building muscle. habits. It is one way to help answer the Serrano, N., Colenso-Semple, L., Lazauskus, K., Siu, J., Bagley, Also promising was that this study includ- “nature-versus-nurture” question. What J., Lockie, R., Costa, P., & Galpin, A. (2019). Extraordinary fast-twitch fiber abundance in elite weightlifters. PLOS ing female weightlifters. “The inclusion of the Galpin found was counterintuitive: Yes, ONE. 14. e0207975. 10.1371/journal.pone.0207975. women was specifically important because the exercising twin did better on all the women athletes, in particular, receive little classic health numbers, but the exercising Bathgate, K., Bagley, J., Jo, E., Talmadge, R., Tobias, I., Brown, scientific attention,” Galpin said. “Everyone twin also had what Galpin would consider L., Coburn, J., Arevalo, J., Segal, N., & Galpin, A. (2018). Muscle health and performance in monozygotic twins knows that women receive little scientific lower muscle quality as compared to the with 30 years of discordant exercise habits. European attention, but women athletes in particular.” non-exercising twin. Journal of Applied Physiology. 118. 2097-2011. 10.1007/ Conventional wisdom might have you “The most impactful finding was, of s00421-018-3943-7. believe that women have fewer fast-twitch course, cycling and jogging is very good muscle fibers than men, but the research- for your health,” Galpin said. “But that can’t ers found absolutely no difference between be the only thing you do for your legs. He women and men when it was broken down was in a no better spot than the twin who by gender. There was, however, a differ- doesn’t exercise his legs at all.” ence when it was broken down by ability Of course exercise is always a good level. “The world-caliber females had more thing, but Galpin warns against getting fast twitch fibers than the national-caliber “incredibly specific” in your training like females, and more fast-twitch fibers that the exercising twin. He recommends that the national-caliber men,” Galpin said. people combine endurance training with

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Fast Walkers Live Longer – A Lot Longer! By Penny McCullagh, Ph.D. Editor, KT

oor fitness and high levels of adiposity Data from 474,919 par- Pare typically associated with unhealthy ticipants (median age 58.2, lifestyle and many might say are predic- median BMI 26.7) who had tors of morbidity and mortality. However a participated in the UK Bio- recent publication in the June Mayo Clinic bank data collection period Proceedings from researchers in the UK, from 2006 to 2010 were the questions some of these beliefs. subjects. Walking pace, In reviewing the literature, Zacardi and handgrip strength, Body associates cite evidence from the Aerobics Mass Index (BMI), waist cir- Center Longitudinal Study from over 30 cumference, and body-fat years ago that suggest that fitness but not percentage were measured. obesity are predictors of mortality. They During a follow-up there were also suggest that recent meta analyses 12,823 deaths. Neither, grip confirm that finding. However, they suggest strength, waist circumference, that examining life expectancy is a better nor body-fat percentage were measure when trying to assess outcomes, found to be strong predictors of life expec- and reveal that very few studies have used tancy. However, brisk walkers “were found Zaccardi, F., Davies, M.J., Khunti, K., & Yates, T. (2019). this measure. Comparitive Relevance of Physical Fitness and Adiposity to have longer life expectancies, which was on Life Expectancy: A UK Biobank Observational Study. Thus the purpose of their study was “to constant across different levels and indices Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 94(6), 985-994. investigate how walking pace and handgrip of adiposity”. The study also found that low strength – 2 easily captured measures of BMI and slow walkers had the lowest life physical fitness – are associated with life expectancy. expectancy across different levels and So – Get up! – Get Going! and Pick Up measures of adiposity”. the Pace!

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Does Exercising Make You Happier? By Penny McCullagh, Ph.D., KT Editor

t is not often that you get to sample over The results indicated that those who Ione million people to find out their thoughts. exercised regularly tended to feel bad for However researchers from Oxford, Yale, less days than those who did not exercise. and some other medical sites were able The association was strongest for indi- to do just that. The research results were viduals who exercised between 30 and published in Lancet (Chekroud et. al, 60 minutes at least three times per week. 2018). The data were collected from the However those individuals who exercised Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Sys- more than 23 times per month tended to tem survey, collected by the Centers for have worse mental health. Disease Control and Prevention though The authors recognize that their study a telephone survey. All 50 states were does not provide a causal link between tapped for responses. exercise and mental health, and also rec- Participants were asked if they had ever ognize that both mental state and physical been assessed for a depressive disorder activity were self-reported. Nevertheless, by a health professional. Then they were the large sample size is impressive and asked “Now thinking about your mental they suggest future experimental research health, which includes stress, depression, using more objective measures is needed. and problems with emotions, for how many

days during the last 30 days was your mental Chekroud, S.R., Gueorguiva, R., Zheutlin, A.B., Paulus, health not good?” Participants were also M., Krumholz, H.M., Krystal, J.H., Chedroud, A.M. (2019). asked if they had participated in physical Association Between Physical Exercise and Mental Health activity (including running, walking, garden- in 1.2 Million Individuals in the USA Between 2011 and ing, etc). Individuals were engaged in 75 2015: A Cross Sectional Study. The Lancet, Psychiatry, 5(9), Sept., 739-746. different types of activities and they were then asked about frequency and duration of their exercise. The researchers also had access to educational levels, income, age, race, marital status and employment status.

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Do You Wanna Dance? By Penny McCullagh, Ph.D., KT Editor

t is well established that as we age, many learn new choreography, dancing helped Ibody systems start to deteriorate. Physical improve functioning. fitness declines as does mental fitness. For their study, the researchers recruited All sort of remedies from drugs, to move- 63 healthy volunteers, from age 63 to 80, ment and exercise, are sold as possible to participate in either aerobic training or deterrents to the decline. dancing. The study was conducted over A study by Rehfeld and associates from an 18 month period and measurements Germany published in the open access were taken three different times. Only 14 journal, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, of the dancer group and 12 of the fitness suggests that elderly who take part in exer- group completed the entire study. cise can reverse the signs of aging and The dance training was pretty intense. that dancing is the best! Participants had to learn and memorize Their study was based on the notion that new steps and the movements included the human hippocampus(HC) is affected shifting gravity, balance on one leg, skip- by normal aging as well as by diseases, ping, hopping and different steps from such as Alzheimer’s, that lead to deficit in popular dance genres. The Fitness group memory, learning, and spatial navigation. did endurance, strength, and flexibility train- They also note that the HC is one of the ing. Both groups exercised for the same few brain regions that can generate new amount of time. neurons. So what do you need to do to The finding indicated that both groups achieve this? had HC increases but the dancers had The authors review a wide range of lit- greater improvements. Also the dancers erature and note that the HC is critical for achieved higher balance scores. So put Rehfeld, K., Muller, P., Aye, N., Schmicker, M., Dordevic, balance as well and that good balance is on your dancing shoes and dance as if M., Kaufmann, J, Hoklemann, A., & Muller, N.G. (2017). “essential for social mobility and quality no one is watching!! Dancing or Fitness Sport? The Effects of Two Training of life”. They noted that in a number of Programs on Hippocampal Plasticity and Balance Abili- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ft99FKKsqqE This ties in Healthy Seniors. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, studies, some with ballet dancers and video of elderly folks dancing has received over 5 million June. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00305 some in older adults that were required to hits. Check it out.

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Barbara Drinkwater Leads the Way By Penny McCullagh, Ph.D., KT Editor

arbara Drinkwater, Ph.D. passed away icon for all who followed. We looked up to Bon September 30. She was an exem- her and strived to walk her path profes- plary professional. In 1988, she became sionally and with integrity. Barbara will be the 32nd and FIRST woman president of remembered for many years to come” the American College of Sport Medicine The Vashon-Maurey Island Beachcomber (ACSM). She was a pioneer and served published an article about Barbara’s con- The ACSM interview provides a fascinat- as a role model for leadership for women tribution to saving animals. The article said ing look at Barbara’s life. She was not afraid in sport medicine and science. Her career “The respect she had in the community to stand up for what she believed in. As started in physical education, she completed and her knowledge is just unsurpassed”. revealed in the interview, after completing her a Master’s degree at UNC Greensboro You can see the full article here. master’s she went to teach at the University and a Ph.D. from Purdue. ACSM posted Upon completion of her Ph.D. she moved of Nebraska. She was an avid athlete and a wonderful memoriam in her honor and to UC Santa Barbara and was housed in joined the city leagues for basketball and chronicles many of her accomplishments. the Institute of Environmental Stress. As volleyball. Her department chair told her in A quote by Barbara Ainsworth who also revealed in an interview with ACSM, that is no uncertain terms that “a member of her became the 55th President of ACSM in where she learned exercise physiology and department did not participate in competi- 2011 exemplifies her leadership qualities: performed pioneering work on the physi- tion”. Needless to say, Barbara moved on “Barbara Drinkwater is a role model of ological capacities of women in sport. She at the end of the school year, completed all women in ACSM. As our first female continued her career at the University of her Ph.D. and then became an early sup- President, she broke through the ‘glass Washington and then completed her career porter and researcher of women in sport ceiling’ and spoke to our female members at the Pacifica Medical Center in the Depart- and exercise. about leadership in ACSM. Her message ment of Medicine where she was head of the Barbara was also a founding member of Women Sport was that leadership is possible and it is criti- Osteoporosis Research Lab. Dr. Drinkwater International started in 1994. http://womensportinterna- cal to have a voice. Barbara cared deeply is credited with pioneering early work on tional.org/index.php/barbara-l-drinkwater/. The group about many things. As a founding member the relationship between disordered eating, advocates for sport participation for girls and women of Women Sports International, she spoke amenorrhea, and osteoporosis – labeled and advocates for research-based evidence that can of the need to eliminate injustice for female the female athlete triad. Her seminal and help guide physical activity at all levels. athletes. At her home on Vashon Island she continued work in this area has made major We are lucky to have had such a strong advocate for achieved the goal that no animal would be contributions to the understanding of this female sport participation for so many years. Keep the homeless or neglected. Barbara was an important phenomenon torch burning!

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Editor’s One Cent Worth Recognizing Mentors as Leaders By Penny McCullagh, Ph.D., KT Editor

ne of the primary coaches, supporters, counselors, educa- and Mentorship after Larry (Brawley) and Omissions of the tors, and sponsors. The benefits of both Digby (Elliott) who have had outstanding AKA is to support mentors and mentees are extensive, ranging careers themselves but have mentored a member depart- from increased self-esteem, awareness, long line of outstanding professionals. The ments by providing insight, and professional skills to reduction first recipients to receive the award were Ian educational and of stress. While the benefits to mentoring Franks of the University of British Columbia leadership experi- are immense, personal and societal con- (UBC) and Kathleen Martin Ginis of UBC ence for administra- straints such as time, incompatibility, and – Okanagan. The model is one that could Penny McCullagh tors in Kinesiology. It inadequate training show that engaging in be used at a host of universities as well. is wonderful to see mentoring takes immense time, effort, and AKA also recognizes outstanding lead- that some professional societies are also commitment in order to obtain the desired ers. Each year up to three individuals are recognizing the importance of mentors results.” awarded recognition as Distinguished Lead- as leaders. This quote not only applies to mentors ers. Take the time to think about leaders at A scan of the literature indicates there but many of the qualifications could also your institution and nominate them for this has been considerable research on the relate to the role of department chairs. I important award. role of mentors. Dziczkowski (2013) wrote attended a recent meeting of SCAPPS – Dziczkowski. J. (2010). Mentoring and Leadership Devel- on mentoring and leadership development the Canadian Society that embraces motor opment. The Educational Forum, 77 (3), 351-360. recognizing the rich history and writings learning/control and sport and exercise by philosophers and researchers on the psychology. www.scapps.org. They started topic. She noted: a new award that recognizes the role that “Mentors take on various roles and, like mentors play in developing young profes- chameleons, transform their roles to fit the sionals. The award is named the Brawley and needs of their mentees, including becoming Elliott Award for Excellence in Supervision

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Kinesiology Today KT Editor: Penny McCullagh, Ph.D. Managing Editor & Writer: Amy Rose Staff Writer: Pat Wade Designer: Sean Roosevelt

Kinesiology Today Fall 2019 Volume 12, No. 4