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www.archaeologyireland.ie €6.95 £5.25stg Readership of ISSN 0790-892x Volume 30 No. 2 The past in the present Issue No. 116 c. 12,000 quarterly Summer 2016 e 50,000 per annum e Inside the mind of the Kilns, poteen and A remarkable cave Neolithic artist. An intriguing illegal activity. discovery. Wide library cursus decoded. circulation Edward Dodwell and the e ‘rediscovery of Greece’ Readership in 35+ age bracket e Average age: 46 80% educated to degree standard or higher e Employment status— 85% professional e 82% of readers read all the adverts e Facebook weekly reach—4,250+ Media Information About us magazine was XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX Archaeology Ireland EDWARD DODWELL AND THE ‘REDISCOVERY OF GREECE’ Thomas Loughlin details the established in 1987 and has been important contribution of a nineteenth-century antiquarian. uring the seventeenth and the more traditional sites of Magna Graecia published quarterly since then. eighteenth centuries a ‘grand tour’ in southern Italy. At the same time, interest Dto the European continent, and in classical research continued to develop; further afield for some, was a well- besides studies of the architectural forms of established tradition among young wealthy classical buildings, travellers became more gentlemen. For some, a significant aspect of interested in empirical research, in this trip was exposure to the cultural legacy excavation and in reconciling the modern of classical and oriental antiquity; on their topography of Greece with the writings of return home, many recycled these classical authors such as Homer, Strabo, is Ireland’s only experiences and ideas into architecture and Thucydides and, in particular, the second- decorative arts, or published accounts of century AD traveller Pausanias, who left a Archaeology Ireland their journey. Among these were a number vivid account of the central and southern of Anglo-Irish gentlemen, including Robert Greek mainland. Wood, James Caulfield (Lord Charlemont) Dodwell’s first voyage, of which he wrote and Richard Pococke (Church of Ireland only briefly, was in the company of William bishop of Ossary, and later of Meath). Gell, a renowned antiquarian. They visited Following in their footsteps in the early the Ionian islands and sites in central Greece independent archaeology magazine and is nineteenth century was Edward Dodwell, to their way to Athens, then passed through an antiquarian who left a lasting legacy to the Aegean islands and along the coast of the then-developing field of classical Troy to Constantinople. Dodwell returned archaeology and made an important four years later, prepared for a more documentation of the social and sustained, in-depth campaign, bringing a a high-quality culturally significant architectural history of Greece in the years portable camera obscura; in addition, prior to the upheaval of the Greek although a talented artist himself, he Revolution. His writings are still relevant employed Simone Pomardi, an Italian primary sources for both archaeological and draughtsman and painter. Together they historical researchers today. made about 1,000 sketches and watercolour publication. paintings—287 were published—of the standing architectural remains and their wider landscapes, contemporary villages and the local population. During this visit Dodwell spent seven months based in Dodwell was born in 1776 into a family 1805–6, provided him with drawings and in London and was elected to the German By the early nineteenth century the Athens, making drawings of the Acropolis, with land at Carrowgarry in Sligo. His great- notes which he worked into two main Academy in 1816 and to the Accademia ‘grand tour’ fashion had changed of Athens and also of other monuments in grandfather Henry (the elder) was a noted publications: A classical and topographical Romana di Archeologia in 1822. He died in somewhat: Greece (then under Ottoman the Attica. He travelled north as far as Mount classicist and theologian. Dodwell’s early tour through Greece; during the years 1801, 1832. rule), Anatolia and the Near East, long Olympus, through Thessaly, where he years saw him travel in Ireland and Britain, 1805 and 1806 (2 vols, 1819) and Views in thought too dangerous for tourists except commented on a number of tumuli in the where his interest in drawing developed; he Greece, from drawings by E. Dodwell (1821); a Above: The Acropolis: a view from the west. for a brave few, now became popular among countryside near Velestino and Larissa; no graduated from Trinity College Cambridge further volume, Views and descriptions of The western elevations of the Parthenon and young men intrigued by classical doubt these are Neolithic tell sites common provides a constant Erectheion are visible, as are the buildings of in 1800 with a degree in classical studies. Cyclopian, or, Pelasgic remains in Greece and civilisations. Travel to these places was to eastern Thessaly, and his is, perhaps, the Although described as a ‘learned architect’, Italy (1834) was published posthumously. He the garrison based on the Acropolis. Note the facilitated by growing British commerce and earliest report of them. He then went south Archaeology Ireland he appears to have been supported by married and lived the remainder of his life in mosque within the Parthenon. naval dominance in the Mediterranean. In through the Peloponnese, drawing as he private means, with no clear profession. His Italy, travelling occasionally. He was a Left: Dodwell by Count d’Orsay (1828) (© UK addition, the French Revolutionary wars went, and is credited with the discovery of two journeys to Greece, in 1801 and in member of the Royal Society of Antiquaries Government Art Collection 3062). made it difficult for British travellers to visit the classical town of Lykosoura in Arcadia. stream of articles, news and features 26 Archaeology Ireland Summer 2016 Archaeology Ireland Summer 2016 27 covering many areas in archaeology, including science, art, architecture, history, geography, economics, sociology, offers readers a broad range of anthropology, religion and more. Archaeology Ireland well-researched, lavishly illustrated articles on a range of topics at an accessible level to all, whether it’s a passing or professional interest. is a key reference guide for Archaeology Ireland students, visitors from abroad, those in the field, and all archaeology fans with an interest in Ireland’s archaeological wonders. e continues as a first-rate ‘Archaeology Ireland publication ranking with the very best in making the wide and varied readership aware of current archaeology’. Professor Bruce Proudfoot Each issue of Archaeology Ireland carries a detailed Heritage Guide, bringing a wide range of sites and Our Readers monuments alive for our readers—a terrific asset for the culturally curious, at home and abroad. Heritage Guides are available for individual sale but are free to subscribers. Readers of Archaeology Ireland magazine are drawn The Archaeology Ireland Heritage Guides, published with from academics, each issue since 1998, now number more than 70 and professionals and members form an impressive back catalogue of material of ongoing of the general public. interest to visitors, nationally and internationally. We have a solid subscriber The 6-page Heritage Guides explore major national sites base, with more than half and monuments such as the Hill of Tara and our sales from subscriptions, Newgrange and also focus on lesser-known sites and in Ireland and across the monuments, for example Tully Church, Laughanstown, UK, Europe, USA and Co. Dublin. Canada and Australia. Heritage Guides are produced with the support Archaeology Ireland enjoys a of national and regional wide library circulation— bodies and institutions, public and academic, such as the OPW, nationally and Heritage Council, internationally—with a Museums and Local readership of c. 12,000 per Authorities. quarterly cycle, close on 50,000 per year If you are interested in developing a Heritage Archaeology Ireland is a Guide contact well-used resource for Una MacConville at schools, colleges and [email protected] community-based or 086 8175530. organisations such as local history and archaeological societies as well as the culturally curious. Introduction Town walls and street plan The town of Ardee, some 18km south-west of Dundalk, shows The principal line of communication through Ardee is the wide, evidence of development from the thirteenth century onwards. north/south-running Market Street and Castle Street, c. 800m long. Today the town is a vibrant shopping venue, its long main street Like many other medieval towns, Ardee appears to have allowing many shops, services, bars and restaurants to present their developed around a market-place. John Bradley remarked that wares to the passing pedestrian. As a result of its continuity of Market Street is first mentioned as Main Street in 1344, and it development, much of the fabric of the medieval town has been would appear that the cross that stands outside St Mary’s may have removed and now lies beneath ground level. Nevertheless, the been located here, replacing a wooden market cross that formerly surviving monuments are both spectacular and unusual. occupied that location. Houses would have lined either side of the The name Ardee—which gives the town a cachet that is arguably street, with their burgage plots extending to their rear. Other than the envy of every other town in Ireland—is the Anglicised form of the castles described below, little is known of the early houses in Ath Fhirdia, ‘the ford of Ferdia’, a reference to an episode in the epic Ardee. Small streets and lanes would have occurred at intervals to tale Táin Bó Cuailgne. It is here on the southern extremes of the Plain the right and left of the main street, giving access to the rear of the of Muirthemne that Cuchullain fought a heroic duel with his friend properties. Ferdia. The fight is thought to have taken place just upstream from St Mary’s Above: Floor plan of St Mary’s, showing phases of building (after Bradley).

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