Of Genetics （Japan）

MISIMA， JAPAN August，1964 N ／

嚇磁コO k『邑 P 幻図囮唖口認1● 己コ：5 珍M吻・吻T 目關OZ 、

L 口ノ 1’ L 隠膨 L w L 目 1 － 4，800 F G目ゴ唖G 田一G G

Plan of the Site A Old Building N Poultry House B Adjoining Building and Library O Testing House C Glasshouse P Colony Houses D Transformer Substation Q Radio－isotope Laboratory E Air－conditioned Greenhouse R Second Mousery F Garage S Isolation Greenhoug． e G Residences T Rice Laboratory H Barn u Special Silkworln I」aboratory I Sericultural Laboratory V Mulberry Greenhouse J First Mousery W Main Building K Pump House X γ・Greenhouse L Experimental Fields Y Operation Room M Field Workroom Z Short・day Paddy Fields

CONTENTS

Location and Campus．．．．．．．．．．．，，，．．．．．．．．．，＿＿＿＿、＿＿．．＿ 1

History．．．．◆亀．．．．、．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 1

0、ganization and Staff ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 2

Buildings and Equiprnents ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 4

Research Activities．．．．．．．． 9

Stocks Maintained．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．23

Publications．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．∋．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．台．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．27 NATIONAL 1NSTITU’「E OF GENETICS （JAPAN）

Location and Campus

The National Institute of Genetics is fact， Misima is located at the center of the located in a suburb of the city of Misima Fuji－Hakone－lzu District， which is one of in Sizuoka Prefecture， about a hundred the rnost beautiful spots in the country， kilometers west of Tokyo． It takes two with beautiful Mt． Fuji in the background hours by express train and two and half of the city． The countryside is known for hours by local trains from Tokyo Station various kinds of vegetables of good quality， to Misima Station， and ten minutes by car and for the abundance of dairy products． from Misima Station to the Institute． The campus of the Institute is part of a Misima in feudal days was famous as a slnall foothill on the western slope of the post town at the entrance to the Hakone Hakone Range． It has an area of 811 passage on the T6kaidδHighway． Nowa－ ares；350 ares are covered by buildings， days it is noted for the springs and brooks 161ares are occupied by roads and yards， which are fed by the melting snow of and 300 ares by experimental fields． The Mt． Fuji． Within a few kilometers from Institute also has a separate piece of land of the town are several hotspring resorts： 51ares in the neighborhood of the maill Nagaoka， Kona， Ohito， Syuzenzi， Hatake， campus． It is used as a nursery for rare etc． The prosperous hotspring city of varieties of cultivated plants， and is at the Atami can be reached in twenty minutes same time the site of residences． It also by train through the Tanna Tunnel， and includes a paddy field for experilnental Lake Ashi within one hour by bus． IIl purposes．

History

The National Institute （）f Genetics was others， that the institute should be desigll・ of6cially organized on June lst，1949． Pre． ed on a fairly large scale． The first formal vious to this， the demand for a national announcement of such demands was ex－ institute devoted to the study of genetics pressed in a resolution unaniinously passed had been expressed by Japanese geneticists at the Thirteenth Getieral Meeting of the on various occasions． It has been taken Genetics Society of Japan held ill♪ ust for granted from the beginning that such 1940in SeouL A Iittle later， a special an institute should be an independent one， committee for the study of，genetics was instead of being a part of a university or orgaロエzed wiモ；hin、七he Jξ1pa血 SO《？i ety other institution． It had also been agreed 七he PromO七ion of SCience．for、 upon， in view of the extensive field covered Many senior gelleticists of our country by genetics and the intricate relation bet－ became members of this committee which ween this branch of science and matly paved the way for the establishlnent of a ：｝

11atiollal cellter for the study of genetics Genetics， Cytological Genetlcs an⊂l Physio－ il）Japan． In addltlon a foundation for the logical Genetics． To these were gradually promotion of theoretical and applied ge－ added slx departments；for Biochemlcal netics，“The Genetics Research Institution’，， Genetics in 1953， Applied Genetics in 1954， was organized， in May，1947． Practically， Mutational Genetics（presently Department the same group of geneticists have joined of Induced Mutation）in 1955， Human also this foundation and have cooperated Genetics in 1960， Microbial Genetics in in its research activities． This foundatioi’i 1962and Population Genetics in 1964． The became the forerunner of the NatiOIla1 number of regular lnelnbers of the staff Institute of Genetics． increased froln 16 at the beginning to the In July． 1948， the bill for the cst：lblish． presellt 41（August 1964）． This number 《）laT）；lti《）nal institute・1’genet i（’s W：ISment does Ilot inclu（le the Adlninistrative De－ thC G｛｝VCrnlllellt、PreSCn｛Cd ｜《｝｛h（・ 1 ）iet by 1）artmcIlt and the part－tiIne staff and as－ slart 《，f the and 1）itS scd． Th（・ 1’・rmal I11－ sociates in the Research Departments． The was m；1（1c on．jt川e lst，1949， UllderstltutC almual expenditure steadily increased from No． 146． On thethe GoVCr川n（・nt Law ￥14，759，000for 1950 to￥102，837，000 for the Institute wass：ulle （1ay， the ofl’ice of 1964．The equipment of the Institute has of Education with《）per）c｝d ill the Ministry been in the meantime a great deal improved Director of the HigherMr． K． KENNOKI， and enlarged． An active development of Bureau， as theEducation and Science research work was launched in all depart－ Acouncil responsible forActing Director． ments and soon a considerable number of principles of thesetting up the basic reports bore the evidence of a vigorous lfunctions of the InstituteOrgan1Zat10n anC progress． To this auspicious development was formed on the same day． At its first the interest and assistance of the authori－ meeting held on July 30th，1949， the council ties of the National and Prefectural Govern－ nominated Dr． Kan OGuMA， Emeritus Pro－ ments have largely contributed． fessor of Hokkaido University， as the In a short time the Institute has become Director of the Institute． He was o伍cial－ the center of our country’s genetic research． ly appointed to this o伍ce on August 10th， Agreat part of national and international 1949．Within a few months the rest of symposia and meetings are organized here the staff was chosen， and by the middle and geneticists from all parts of Japan are of 1950， nearly all of the members had here gathering， reporting on their results been apPointed． and exchanging views． The whole Institute moved into the At present， in the view of progressing present main campus in Misima on October specialization， the Institute still lacks 29th，1949． several representative departments of the Dr． Kan OGuMA resigned from the di－ new branches of genetics， such as molecular rectorship October lst， 1955， and Dr． genetics， fine genetic structure， and bio－ Hitoshi KIHARA was appointed on the same physical genetics． Also， most of the exist－ day to replace him． ing departments need to be enlarged and At the start， the Institute had three their research staff increased． Research Departments， for Morphological

Organization and Staff

Director Hitoshi KIHARA， D． Sc．， M． J． A．， Emeritus Professor of Kyoto University 3

Department of Human Genetics Members Ei MATsuNAGA， M． D．， D． Sc．（Head） Department of Morphological Genetics 1st Lab． Ei MATsuNAGA，M．D．，D．Sc．（Head）； Yataro TAzlMA， D． Ag．（Head） Hidetsune OIsHI， M． Sc．； 1st Lab． Yataro TAzIMA， D． Ag．（Head）； Tomotaka SHINoDA Kimiharu ONIMARu 2nd Lab． Akira ToNoMuRA， D． Sc．（Head） 2nd Lab． Bungo SAKAGucHI， D． Ag．（Head）； Department of Microbial Genetics Toshihiko SADo， D． Ag． Hitoshi KIHARA， D． Sc．（Head）； Department of Cytogenetics 1st Lab． Tetsuo IINo，Ph．D．，D． Sc．（Head）； YO TAKENAKA， D． Sc．（Head） Masatoshi ENoMoTo， M． Sc． 1st Lab． Tosihide H．YosIDA， D．Sc．（Head）； 2nd Lab． Tetsuo IINo，Ph．D．，D．Sc．（Head）；ワ Kazuo MoRIwAKI， D． Sc． Hideho SuzuKI， M． Sc．； 2nd Lab． YO TAKENAKA， D． Sc．（Head）； Jun－ichi IsHIDsu， M． Sc． Yoshiaki YoNEDA， D． Sc． Department of Population Genetics Department of Physiological Genetics Motoo KIMuRA， Ph． D．， D． Sc．（Head） Chozo OsHIMA， D． Sc．（Head） 1st Lab． Motoo KIMuRA， Ph． D．， D． Sc． 1st Lab． Chozo OsHIMA， D． Sc．（Head）；（Head）； Toshifumi TAIRA， D． Sc． Yuichiro HIRAIzuMI， D． Sc． 2nd Lab． Hitoshi KIHARA， D． Sc．（Head）； Department of Administration Koichiro TsuNEwAKI， Ph． D．； Norihiro MoRINAGA（Head） Sadao SAKAMoTo， M． Sc． General Affairs Section Department of Biochemical Genetics Toyotaka MINAMIGucHI（Head）； Mitsuo TsuJITA， D． Ag．（Head） Hiroko NAKANo；KyOji OYAMA 1st Lab． Saburo NAwA， D． Sc．（Head） Finance Section 2nd Lab． Yoshito OGAwA， M． D．（Head）； Mutsuo TANAKA（Head）； T6ru ENDO， D． Ag． Shigeru TsuRuMI；Asakichi MANo 3rd Lab． Mitsuo TsuJITA， D． Ag．（Head）； Research Associates．．．．．．．．．．．．．．13 Susumu SAKuRAI Assistants．．．．．．．．．．．．．5 Department of Applied Genetics Laboratory technicians ．38 Kan－lchi SAKAI， D． Ag．（Head） Fiekl Laborers．．．．．．．．．．8 1st Lab． Kan－Ichi SAKAI， D． Ag．（Head）； Clerks and Typists ．．．12 Takatada KAwAHARA， D． Ag．； Librarian ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1 Tohru FuJlsHIMA， M． Ag． ChauffeUr ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 1 2nd Lab． Kan－Ichi SAKAI， D． Ag．（Head）； 4 Janitors， etc．．．．．．．．．．。3 Shin－ya IYAMA， D． Ag．； Akira MIYAzAwA Honorary Members and 3rd Lab． Hiko－Ichi OKA， D． Ag．（Head）； Parレtime Staff Hiroko MoRIsHIMA， D． Ag． Yoshinari KuwADA， D． Sc．，M． J．A．，Emeritus Department of Induced Mutation Professor of Kyoto University Seiji MATsuMuRA， D． Ag．（Head） Kan OGuMA， D． Ag．， Ex－Director， Emeritus 1st Lab． KiyoshiTuTIKAwA（Acting Head）； Professor of Hokkaido University Terumi MuKAI， Ph． D．， D． Sc． Yoshimaro TANAKA， D． Ag．， D． Sc．， M． J． A．， 2nd Lab． Seiji MATsuMuRA， D． Ag．（Head）； Emeritus Professor of Kyushu University Tar6 FUJII， D． Ag． Taku KoMAI， D． Sc．， M． J． A．， Emeritus 3rd Lab． Seiji MATsuMuRA， D． Ag．（Head）； Professor of Kyoto University Hiromi IsHIwA； Flora A． LILIENFELD， Ph． D． Mitsuo IKENAGA， M． Sc． Shiro SHIRATo， M． D．， Izu Teishin Hospital 4

Buildings and Equipments

Buildings

Building Floor area （m2） Main building（three－storied）＿．2，980 01d building（two－storied）．．．．．．．．1，325 Adjoining building and library （two’sto「ied）・．・．・．・．．．．．＿＿ 862 Mousery（two buildings）．．．．．．．．．．563 Sericultural laboratories （two buildings）．．．．．．．．．．＿＿ 488 Radio・isotope laboratol－y．．．．．．．．．． 394 Phytotrons （three）．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 606 γ一Greenhouse and operation room．． 89 Glasshouses．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 249 Photo 1． Greenhouses viewed from top of Poultry house．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 337 the main btlilding． Front， tables with potted

Barn ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 165 morning glOry．

Field workroom．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．105 Transforrner substation．．．．．．．．．． 28 Boiler room．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 97 Garage and storage house．．．．．．．． 93 Residences ．1，919

Equipments

Library

Among the valuable collections in the Emeritus Professor of Kyoto University． library， one may mention the whole It comprises about 482 books and 5，800 GoLDscHMIDT Library and KuwADA Library． reprints． A donation of Sizuoka Prefecture Since the start of the Institute in 1949 made the erectioll of the building possible． under the post－war circumstances， it was In the lneanwhile the library received a dif6cult to supply back－nu1皿bers even financial supPort a1皿ounting to＄10，000 fronl of the most important periodicals． the Rockefeller Foun〔lation and a donation GoLDscHMIDT Library and KuwADA Library of￥150，000 from Dr． C． AuERBAcH， Institute made up solne extent for this of Animal Genetics， Edinburgh University． deficiency． The library of Richard Patronaged by the good will of all those GoLDscHMIDT was received in 1951， and he concerned， the library has been steadily continued to send us his newly acquired expanding with purchases of new books reprints， periodicals and books until his and current as well as back numbers of death in 1958． The whole set， conslstlng periodicals and the arrival of quite a of 36，270 reprints and about 780 books， is number of reprints through exchange． kept under the name of the“GoLDscHMIDT The library， at present， possesses 5，185 Library”． KuwADA Library was donated volumes of periodicals， receiving 325 to this Institute by Dr． Y． KuwADA， VOIUmeS eVery year． 5

Radio’isotope Laboratory

Radiation source Range；0～100 r／min （1） X－rays Ionization chamber；multiply reading by X－rays KXC－18 generator（Toshiba） 1／100，1／10，1，10and 100 Specification；200 Kvp，25 mA Pocket chamber and charger reader （2） γ一rays （Toshiba）（a） 137Cs γ一rays Glass dosimeter：model－2（Toshiba） Source intensity；6，000 c（May，1962， Fricke dosimeter：photoelectric spectro． half life：33 years） photometer， model QR－50（Shimadzu） Energy；0．66 Mev． Dynacon electrometer， model－600 （Nuclear Chicago Co．）． The instrument ▼ Accessory apparatus；high speed shut－ ter and auto－tirner is a dynamic condenser electrometer for Available dose rate；230 r／hr to 55，000 Precise measurement of small ion r／hr（continuous） currents． P SPecification， ilnput resistance； 108， l （b） 60Co γ一rays Source intensity；50 c（Sept．，1964， hal f 10P’，1012r． imput Iife；5．26 years） Capacitance；32F，sensitivity；10－16Amp． Average energy；1．25 Mev． Survey meter （3） Neutron Ionization－chamber type radiation survey （a） Po－Be neutron source meter， model SBI－52101B（Toshiba） Activity of Po；10 c（Sept．，1962， half Range；0～20 mr／hr（×1，×10，×100） life； 138 days） Alarm monitor Neutron flux；2．3×10711／sec （Sept．， Model SBI－52301

1962） Range；0～20 mr／hr（×1，×10，×100）（b） Ra－Be neutron source Radiation counter Source intensity；100 mg of Ra Liquid scintillatlon counter， model LSC－ Calculated activity of Ra；87 mc（1960， 101（Nihon Musen Irigaku）． Available half life； 1，622 years） for measuring 3H and I℃β一rays with Dosimeter high counting efnciencies Victoreen r－1neter， model－570（The Vic－ Spectrogammeometer toreen Instrulnent Co．） Model－1（Radiation Counter Lab． Inc．） Condenser chaInber； 2．5r， 25 r， 1．00 r Single channel recording pulse height and 250 r analyzer Radcon（The Victoreen Instrument Co．） Analyzing energies；0．05～10 Mev．

◆

Electron’microscope Room

∂ Electron Microscope： Electron Optics Laboratory Co．， Ltd．） Model JEM－6C（Japan Electron Optics Vacuum pressure 2×10－5 mmHg Laboratory Co．， Ltd．） Time required forevacuation 10～15min． Resolution power 15 A Accessory apParatus Magnification ×600～×50，000 IOniZatiOn VaCUUm gaUge Accelerating voltage 60 kV Ultra Microtome：Model JUM－5 （Japan Accessory apParatus Electron Optics Laboratory Co．， Ltd．） Stereo－photography attachment Heat expallsion type feed mechanism （JEM－AS） Successive cutting， each section thinner Specimen cooling attachment than 200 A （JEM－AC－T） UItra－centrifugal aPparatus：Spinco L type Vacuum Evaporator：Model JEE－4B（Japan 6

Laboratories of Microbial Genedcs

Rabit－raising house：Acircular house of analyze the phase variation of Salmonella． steel－frames and concrete has the ac－ Sonicator：Vibrator with ultra－sound wave commodation for 25 rabbits． Rabbits at 20 kilocycles． After the destruction raised in this house are used for of bacterial cells， cell components are lmmUnlZatlOn． fractionated and analyzed． Inoculating room：Two rooms in which Spectrophotometer： Coleman universal bacterial ’ and other works type． Use for colorimetry as well as der aseptic conditions un are performed． measurement of bacterial cell number． Temperature and humidity are controlled． In addition， incubators， shakers， autoclaves， Deep freezer：85×70×135 cm in size， kept refrigerators， centrifugators， fraction at－20°C． Preservation of antisera and collectors and electrophoretic apParatus some chemicals． are equipPed for the experiments of Turbidostat： For maintaining bacterial bacterial genetics and biochemical cultures at constant concentration for a analyses． long period， now mainly being used to

Drosophila Laboratory

Two laboratory rooms（6×6m）and two the culture room for over ten， years，and about culture rooms（6×3m，3×3m， constant seven hundred lethal strains have recently temperatures 25°C and 18°C）have been been added to our stocks． Several popula－ occupied by several members who belong tion cages with different natural popula－ to the Departments of Physiological tions of D． melanogaster are maintained． Genetics， Morphological Genetics， Induced In addition， about forty strains of D． Mutation， Population Genetics and Applied Pseudoobscura and other species received Genetics． Aroom called kitchen is used from America are also raised． Alarge jointly for preparation of the culture media scale experiment for the study of population and for washing of used culture vials． genetics can be carried out with five About two hundred mutant and wild type thousand vials kept simultaneously in the strains of Drosophila〃melanogaster are kept in laboratory room．

Insectarium

For the culture of silkworms， wild an oak field of 2 ares are attached． silkworms and other insects， an insectary About 120 mutant strains of the silk． is available with a floor space of 267．8 m2， worm are reared and maintained in this to which a mulberry 6eld of 95 ares and building．

Special Silkworm Laboratory

With the purpose of studying the genetic 218．6m2， has two rooms for silkworm effect of radiation a special silkworm rearlng， aγ一rOOm， a COntrOl rearing rOOm， laboratory was completed in March 1960． two refrigerated rooms for egg presei’va－ The laboratory， with a floor space of tion and growth regulation， a working 7

room and a machine room． Theγ一room is equipped with a rotating irradiation rack with a 3 c 60Co source， which permits continuous irradiation of growing silkworms while they are feeding． Both γ一and control rearing rooms are regulated automatically at a constant temperature and humidity of 25°±1°C and 75％±5％，respectively． The laboratory is designed so as to make possible the performance of silkworm

● experiments from artificial hatching to egg collection． Agreenhouse of 97 m2 floor space and an underground storage for mulberry leaves 令 are attached．

Photo 2． Arotating irradiation rack for con・ tinuous irradiation of silkworms while they are feeding． Theγ一ray source is installed beneath， under the floor．

First Mousery

Completed in December 1953． This is a movable racks． About 7，000 animals model mousery，290 m2 in floo1－area， con－ belonging to 30 inbred mouse strains and taining four rooms for mice and two for 15 inbred rat strains are kept in the rats， a working laboratory， a care－takers’ building． Most of these animals are the room， a kitchen and storage space． It progeny of stocks imported from mouseries has a heating system with a circulation in America and England． The strains are gas－boiler and radiators， also a special distributed on demand to medical and ventilation device． Metal cages are biological institutes all over the country． arranged on shelves on hanging and

■ Second Mousery

拍 The second mousery was built， in 1958， rooms for heating equipments． for studies on the genetic effects of Each animal room is maintained at a radiation on mice． 272．7 m2 is the total telnperature of about 24°C by an air－condi－ area of the building which contains eleven tioning plant， the range being from 22°to illdividual rooms；alaboratory， an o伍ce， 24°Cin surnlner， and 24°to 26°C in wintel・， five rooms in which the animals are kept， with a relative hulnidity of about 50 per akitchen， a cage－cleaning room and two cent through the year．

Rice Laboratory

The Rice Laboratory was built for studies grant of the Rockefeller Foundation． on the origin of cultivated rice under a The greenhouse is roughlyair－collditioned 8

and has two glassrooms， an experimental in day time． room and a machinery and working room Besides the greenhouse（180 m2 in floor with a fumigation chamber in a corner． dimensions）， this laboratory has a short Each glassroom is 45 m2 in floor dimensions day installation comprising seven small and has an about 20m2 paddyfield in the paddy fields（each 2．6×3．5 m）． Five of middle， where the soil is also warmed． them are equipped each with a sliding The warmed air is usually circuIated from darkroom chamber under natural condition， the heating皿its to the glassrooms through which slides automatically under the aduct， to keep the day temperature at control of time switches， of which three 28°Cand the night temperature over 18°C． are astrodials（for 35°N，24°N and 12°N

‖ The relative humidity is about 65％． But Lat．）and two are plain dials． When the in the hot summer season the heated air cover is down， an electric fan is operated il is partly removed from the roof ventilators for ventilation． The remaining two fields 1 and a sunscreen can cover the glass roof are control ones without cover．

K Gamma’greenhouse ’l l The facility for chronicγ一ray irradiation irradiator andγ・rays irradiate one half of of growing plants，‘‘so－called’，γ一greenhouse， the greenhouse（east half）， when switched i was built in May 1964． The area of on by remote control． Height of direct l the greenhouse is 75 m2（5 m×15 m）and beam is adjusted so as to shoot one meter a specially designed irradiator with 40 high from the ground level at the extremity ／ curies of 13TCs source is placed in the of the irradiated area（8 meters apart from center of the greenhouse．エ37Cs source is the source） making it convenient to 1 kept in the core of a lead container of the irradiate several kinds of growing plants． Dosage or intensity is 4r／hr at the place lmeter apart from the source， gradually decreasing with increasing distance， and 1 reduced to O．2 r／hr at the farthest part． The west half or back area of the irradiator can be used as a control room；almost all l． γ・rays are cut off in this area by a thick lead cover of container and concrete wall ll closely installed on the back of the irradiator． The greenhouse is roughly air・conditioned and the temperature can be kept lower by about 5°C than that of the outside in summer． Biological and Photo 3． Inside view of the newly constructed genetical reseach under low dose rate γ・greenhouse． In its center the 137Cs source condition will be carried out with the is installed． help of this facility．

Isolation Greenhouse

The Isolation Greenhouse was built in ing glasshouses are constructed for the 1957．Its surface is 341 m2 in floor dimen－ isolation of plants which are cross－or sions． The building is constructed with self・pollinated． It has also a temperature－ concrete or concrete blocks． In the controlled glasshouse （45 m2）， an air・ greenhouse， six air－conditioned small isolat・ conditioned glasshouse （45 m2）， three 9

air－conditioned darkrooms （each 10 m2） ment（45 m2）， besides two machinery rooms with artificial light， a low－temperature and a workin9（Preparation）room． darkroorn（10 m2）and a screened compart一

Air’conditioned Greenhouse

The Air－conditioned Greenhouse was boiler rooln and a conventional greenhouse constructed in 1952－53 with the support of （36．3m2）heated only for plant propagation． the Research Fund of the Ministry of The glasshouses and darkroorns have a Education． The greenhouse（87．5 m2 in temperature range from 18°to 30°C． The floor dimensions）comprises two glasshouses temperature is lowered by 5°～10°C each 妙（each 13．2rn2）with turn－tables and two night at 16：00， under the control of a darkrooms（each 3．3m2）where ternperature time switch， and kept low until 8：000f and air humidity are automatically next morning． The relative humidity is

、 controlled， besides the machinery room， lnore than 60 per cent．

Glasshouse

Aglasshouse without heating， prilnarily plants， but used for other pUrPoses as designed for keeping strains of tobacco well．

Seed Storage Rooms

Two storage rooms， each beirig 4．2＞く3m other rooln， both telnperature and hulnidity in flool－ area， have been constructed are regulated， at 12〈’±1°C alld 45％’±5％， especially for seed storage． Differellt respectively． The principal factor for systems are adopted in each roorn for the assuring longcvity of store（l seeds is low regulation of storage conditions． In one telnperature in the forIner room， and a room， temperature is kept at O°一ト1°C， combinatioll of lowered humidity and while humidity is not controlled． In the relatively low temperature in the latte1’．

Constant Temperature Rooms

白 Aset of six rooms、 regulated at O°，5°， varlous experlmellts requlrlng such tem一 10°， 15°， 20° an（1 25°C， are used for peratures．

●

Research Activities

Department of Morphological Genetics

This department was started il11949 as worm， Poultry，1110 use i・ nd man． With the the First Department of this Institute． expansion of the Institute， often reorgani・ Comprising three laboratories， the depart－ zation of laborat（）ries took place． Since ment covered genetic studies of divergent 1961 the rnain activity of this departrnent organisms such as wheat， sugar beet， silk一 was directed to the gelletic researches i1） 1

silkworm， a traditional experimental animal of the Silkworm’，， Logos Press， London．

」 of this country． In this book he emphasized that although At present the department comprises two the silkworm may lack the special suitability laboratories： of Drosophila for formal genetics or of First Laboratory：Silkworm genetics ∧「eurospora for biochemical studies， it is Second Laboratory： Cellular differentia－ an ideal organism for the study of physio・ tion logical and developmental problems． The department is well equipped for 2．Radiation genetics：Egg color mutants i genetical studies of the silkworm， having of the silkworm furnish excellent oppor－ an air－conditioned rearing house， a refrige・ tunities for mutation detection． TAzIMA rating room， a mulberry field， a greenhouse developed a simple specific loci method， and ordinary laboratories． Facilities are using the egg color genes as markers and available for investigations in cell and tissue studied in detail the changes in mutability culture． of germ cells at various stages of gameto－ genesis for both sexes． Since then the First Laboratory research has been directed to the dose－rate 1．Silkworm genetics： Encouraged by effect on mutation induction at gonial stage． sericultural industry silkworm genetics has The most interesting was the finding that achieved a great progress in Japan． More the dose－rate effect is reversed within a than 260 hereditary traits have been thus week after hatching of the larva． Several far analyzed and 191inkage groups among efforts have since been made in this labo－ 28 have hitherto been established． The ratory to reveal the cause of this strange remaining nine have already been represent－ phenomenon， in connection with the me－ ed each by a single marker gene． Although chanisms of radiation mutagenesis． Above anumber of research works on silkworm all the most extensively carried out were genetics have been conducted not only in experiments with dose fractionation and this laboratory but also in rnany laboratories with neutrons． A new interpretation fol’ in Japan， most of the results have been radiatiOn mutageneSiS iS now emerging． published in Japanese so that the details In an attempt to utilize silkworm eggs have scarcely become known outside this for a bioassay of cosmic rays in outer country． In order to give a general account space， an irradiation experiment with high of silkworm genetics， TAzlMA published Iast energy particles is now under way in spring an English monograph，“The Genetics which dormant eggs of the silkworm are used．

Second Laboratory The main project of this laboratory has been the study of the phenotypic gene ex－ pression oll the cellular level on one hand， and to analyze the process of cytodifferen－ tiation on the other． 1．Role of informational RNA on the expression of genes and cellular differentia－ tion： Recently differentiation has been defined as the process involved in the pro－ duction of a new， specific proteln within a Photo 4． Treponema－like microorganisms found cell． This differentiated， unifunctional cell in the abnormal ‘‘sex－ratio，， strain （）f ．Z）rosophilα （4－16μ in length and O．08－0．15μ derives from the more immature， multi． in diameter）． This microorganisln kills only potent cell． The current hypothesis on the male ZygOteS． biosynthesis of proteills asserts that the 1｜

genetic informations in the DNA are condition in Z）rosophila： A 111aternally transcribed into the messenger RNA which transmitted condition known as“sex・r｛“io” is in turn used as the template for protein （SR）is characterized by its extreme depar－ synthesis． If so， it should be possible to ture frol皿the normal sex ratio of 1：1， i．c．， alter the expression of genes in an indivi－ the progeny consists completely or almost dual by introducing a specific messenger completely of females． Absence of males RNA from another indivi〔lual with different is a consequence of their mortality cause（1 genotype． In the salne manner， a cell by SR agent in embryonic stages． The would acquire a new function， i．e．， the SR agent in certain SR strains is known capacity to synthesize a new spccific pro－ to be a treponerna－like infectious micro－ tein， by treatment with RNA from different organisms． Thus the SR condition in ◆ tissucs or froln cells（lifferentiating in dif－ Drosophila has aroused a wide interest in ferent directions． In order to test those relation to maternal inheritance and here－ possibilities， the following experiments have ditary infection． ◎ been conducted． In order to extend understanding of the （i） Artificial control of the genic expression SR condition， experiments are now under in an indivi（lual by apPlication of a specific way concerning the following problems； messenger RNA derived from another in－ biochemical characteristics of the agents， dividual with a different genotype． comparison of biological properties and （ii） Induction of antibody syr〕thesizing pathological effects of agents of different capacity in the lymphoidal cells of non－ origin， their cultivation， host range， and immunized animals by introducing new mechanism of selective killillg of male host informati（mal RNA from immunized donors． hfected with an agellt． 2． Heritable infections of ‘‘sex．ratio，，

Department of Cytogenetics

of tumors ill mice and rats， which were First Laboratory developed spontaneously or by artificial Cytogenetic studies of animals have been treatlnent or virus infection， are studied carried out ill this laboratory with special for elucidating the relationship between interest in the following three subjects． chromosomal alteration and tumor develop－ 1．Cytology of animals：Chrolnosomes 1nent． Froln these studies， it was revealed of insects and mammals are studied in this that many tumors had characteristic karyo－ ◎ laboratory． Among insects， chromosomes types ill their stemline cells， and that their of Hemiptera， Coleoptera and Hymenoptera cell types were changeable as a result of are studied， and several reports were the occurrence of more adaptive mutant ● published on the quantitative relationship cells or by placing them in different con－ between the total length of autosomes and ditions． Influence of tumor viruses on that of sex chromosomes in allied species． chromosomes and／or genes of a host cell is Astudy on chromosomes of Muridae is car－ studied using mouse leukemias． Mechanism ried out with special regarcl to the chromo－ of syllthesis of specific proteins by plasma somal polymorphism in natural populations cell tulnors of lnice is also studied in vitro． and inbred strains of rats and mice． 3．Genetical study of laboratory mam－ Mechanism of breakage and reunion of Inals：Another impol’tallt problem in this animal chromosomes by treatment with laboratory is the establishment and main－ radiation and some chemicals is also being tenance of inbred strains and mutant studied． stocks o［laboratory mammals， such as 2，Cytology of tumors：Chromosomes mouse， rat， Chinese hamster， and some ］、2

the main fields of this laboratory． Problems on sex chromosomes， sex expression， poly－ ploidy， etc． have been investigated for many years． In order to reveal phyletic relationships ll among Nicotiana species， TAKENAKA investi－

gated meiotic divisions in many interspecific hybrids． Further interspecific crosses are 1 made for obtaining hybrids not yet studied （This work is supPorted by Japan Monopoly Corp．）． Extracts of some higher plants such as Aralia elata， Artemisia vulgaris and Gentiana scabra were found by TAKENAKA to have radiomimetic effect． TAKENAKA collected various species and varieties of cherry trees and studied the 冠一μ鷺轟‘

遭遷魁遼㌦轟 Photo 5． Blossoms of Izu－ycshino， a synthesized →麟も hybrid between PTunus subhiTtellα var．竃 f pendulαformaαscenalens and P．1．αnnesianα 犠蓼麟、携 “ぎ㌘ var． speciosα． This hybrid strongly resembles the so－called Someiyoshino Cherry （P． ““ yedoensis）， the most popular flowering cherry A つひ tree in Japan． others． Their strains and stocks are des－・ssv cribed in the pertinent section． New 汐x mutants of mice， i．e．， falter and post－axial 鷲 polydactyly， were studied genetically． Some 蝶雑 ◎ new strains such as SMA， DM， D103， DD／M も 4艦華撫》嚢 of mice， W， W－tailless， NIG－1， NIG－II， NIG 鶴癖㌔驚 IV， Nagoya and YOS of rats， and their n，g i“ many sublines were established． A bio－麹 chemical study on hairless mouse has been conducted in order to clarify the mechanism ゑ♂ 嚇◇灘轟 of gene action during development． Liver 欝 esterase in 21 strains of mice was electro－ ◆磯礁歌 phoretically examine〔1． There was a slight difference among strains， and FI animals Photo 6． Metaphase chromosomes in two inbred showed electrophoresis bands of both stralns of the rat， Rαttus noTvθgic2e8． A． parents． YOS－strain （♀）， characterized by two sub－ telocentric No．3chromosomes． B． Wistar Second Laboratory strain（♀）with two telocentric No．3chro． Cytological studies of higher plants are mosomes， indicated by arrows， 13

origin of Somei－yoshino（Yoshino cherry TATEoKA， presently in the National Science tree）． This popular ornalnental cherry was Museum， revised the classi6cation of the conclusively found to be an Fi between genus Ory2a from the cytotaxonomical Edo－higan（Prunus subhirte〃αvar．1）endula point of view． YoNEDA studied the cytology forma ascendens）and Oshimazakura（Prunzds of yeasts， and is now working on genetic lannesiana var． sPeci〔）sa）． tumors of Nicotiana hybricls and Japanese In cytological studies of rice， Hu observ－ morning glory by tissue culture． ed secondary association of chromosomes The effort is also directed to preservation in many cultivated and wild rice varieties． of various mutants of Japanese morning His conclusion is that the secondary as－ glory and investigation of their morpholo－ sociation is not caused by chance but has gical characters， with the intention of

◎ some biological significance． Interchromo－ pursuing morphogenetic mechanisms in somal a箭nities in the pachytene stage of higher plants． haploid rice are recently studied by CHu．

4 Department of Physiological Genetics

populations differing in slze． Colltrary to First Laboratory this， the results obtained here have shown In this laboratory， physiological expres－ that the allelic rates do I）ot differ in large and sions of gene function are studied both at srnall populations． Of particular interest the cellular and the population level， using is the phenomenon that one of the lethal D roso♪hila aS material． genes has persisted in a population for 1． Investigation at the cellular level is three years． This lethal gene is close to concerned with the mechanisms of eye the centromere of a chromosome with a color production． Twenty－three eye－color paracentric inversion． Furthermore， most mutants were classified into five groups， of natural lethal genes found are Iocated based on the blocking mechanisms of the in the region adjacent to the centromere metabolic processes for pteridine and try－ of each chromosome， whlle spontaneous ptophan；these are white， brown， yellow， lethal genes found in laboratory stocks are orange and red eye－colors． In a single cell distributed more neal’ly at random over the of compound eyes， red or yellow pigment whole chromosome． By observation of the （pteridille derivative） distributes in the salivary gland chromosomes， twelve types distal layer and brown pigment（tryptophan of inversions were found in the natural ● 1皿etabolite） locates in the basal layer． populations studied， some of the inversions These products appear in dilferent regions showing high frequencies in certaiD popula． of larval fat body cells before the adult tions． These findings suggest that some of natural lethal genes are involved in an 台 compound eyes are formed． Through a genetic study of this phenomenon， mecha－ epistatic gene complexes， which are favored nisms of gene control of cellular differen－ by natural selection， despite containing a tiation may be elucidated． recessive deleterious gene． 2． The investigations at the population level deal with the mechanisms of main． Second Laboratory tenance of deleterious genes in natural The main research problem of this populations． The frequencies of deleterious laboratory is analysis of the rnechanisms chromosomes are considerably higher in involved in the origin and differentiation large than in small populations． More－ of higher plants， such as rice， wheat and over， a difference of the rates of allelism Agrol）．yron． For this purpose， a considera・ of lethal genes has been found among ble variety of materials collected from al一 14 t most all over the world are maintained． to examine the effects of alien cytoplasm Not only genetic， karyotypic and compara－ on the expression of nucleic genes． For tive gene analyses， but also physiological， this purpose， various nuclei of wheat are morphological and anatomical methods have introduced into three different alien cyto－ been apPlied for elucidation of the genetic plasms of related species． It is inferred basis of the origin and differentiation of that speciation and cytoplasmic differen－ speCles． tiation are closely interrelated． In addition 1．Study on rice： H． KIHARA and T． C． this work has opened a new field for wheat KATAYAMA are mainly responsible． More breeding， namely， hybrid wheat breeding． than 4，000 wild and cultivated Oγy2αstrains Distribution of homologous genes controll－ belonging to 30 species have been collected lrlg sprlng habit， waxlness， progresslve during the past seven years． Many inter－ necrosis and awnedness was investigated specific hybrids have been produced to by comparative gene analysis of common examine their genomic relationships． In wheat and its ancestral species． Based on the attempt to find out new taxonomic those results， genotypes of the putatlve characters in rice， a comparative anatomical parents， emmer wheat and／1egilops squar－ study of the epidermal structures of the rosa， which through a spontaneous cross glume and the leaf blade was carried out may have contributed to the origin of the by SUMP and spodogram methods． Varia－ common wheat， were determined and the tions of photoperiodic sensitivity between place of its origin was tl’aced． and within various Oryza species have been 3． Study on Agropりron： S． SAKAMoTo is exPlored， and its ecological significance in carrying out this work． Genome analysis regard to their phylogenetic differentiation of Japanese and Nepalese species of∠lgro－ has been clarified． Pツron indicated their close phylogenetic 2． Study on wheat： H． KIHARA and K． relation． At present extensive experimental－ TsuNEwAKI are responsible fol－this part． taxonomical studies of interspeci丘c and Two projects， namely， nucleus substitution intergeneric hybrids in the tribe Triticeae， and comparative gene analysis， are the inCIUding AgroPツron， E乙V〃Zus， E夕0η¢0ρyγμ勿， rnaln COnCernS． etc．， are ln Progress． Nucleus substitution work is carried out

Department of Biochemical Genetics

Into this department， established in 1953 tionship between lethality and ptel’idine with M． TsuJITA as its head， three labora－ metabolism． S． NAwA studiecl the gene tories， First， Second and Third， have been control of pteridine metabolism of eye－color 9radually consolidated． Durlng thls process mutants of Drosophila melanogaster in anumber of changes and shifts in their cooperation with T． TAIRA of the Depart・ personnel have taken place． Their main ment of Physiological Genetics． TsuJITA， research activltles have been in the last NAwA， SAKAGucHI and TAIRA received the ten years as follows． 1963prize of the Genetics Society of Japan for their contributions to ‘‘Genetical and First Laboratory biochemical studies of pteridine metabolism Investigations in biochemical genetics of in insects’，． insects have been carried out here since In addition， several other researches have 1953by M． TsuJITA， S． NAwA and B． SAKA－ been carried out． Namely， studies on the GucHI． A series of experiments have been pseudo－allelic E－series in the silkworm undertaken with the lethal yellow silkworm （TsuJITA and SAKAGucHI）；genetic determi－ by M． TsuJITA which revealed a close rela一 nation of tyrosinase and protyroslnase ln い the blood of the silkworm（SAKAGucHI）； examine the differentiatioi｝ mcc’hanistn ol studies on the complexハ～》一θ』－Di loci in the skeletal muscle tissues， a series of exl）（’1’i silkworm （TsuJITA）；radiation effect on ments were carried out， by me三uls ol’i：）1 genetic material（NAwA）；studies of the munochemical and electrophoreti（’tu〔・h niques， on the synthesis of c（mtractile poisoning effect of tobacco plant ernana一 tions on the silkworm（TsuJITA）． proteins， actin and myosin， in early em－ B．SAKAGucHI was transferred to the bryonal stages or regenerating tissue・ On Department of Morphological Genetics in the other hand， the effects of promoting or 1961after a two year sojourn in the United inhibiting reagents on anilnal cell division States at Yale and is continuing his inter－ were investigated in close connection with esting work started there together with those researches． Finding of some antト Dr． PouLsoN on the sex agents in DrosoPhila・ tumor agents was envisaged as a byproduct S．NAwA became the head of this laboratory of the studies． in 1960． He specialized in pteri（lines in the laboratory of Dr， H． S． FoRREsT at the Third Laboratory University of Texas（1961－1962）and later This laboratory started with three re－ search members， M． TsuJITA， T． IINo and was studying at the University of Rochester in the laboratory of Dr． E． W． CAspARI on S．TsuDA． From July to May 1961 TsuJITA transformation in insects（1962－1963）． At was the head． IINo succeeded him in June present he is continuing this work here． 1961，and TsuDA retired in 1962． In 1962 11No was transferred to the newly establish－ Second Laboratory ed Departlnent of Microbial Genetics， and This laboratory was opened in August since then TsuJITA is again heading this 1953 with three research members， K． laboratory． In September 1962 SAKuRAI was HAYAsHI（Head）， T． ENDo and Y． ABE． apPointed as a new researcher・ Their research project consisted of Genetical and biochemical studies on chro－ biochemical and genetical studies on flower mogranules in the hypodermal cells of the colors ill higher plants． K． HAYAsHI suc－ silkworm lal4vae have been carried out． ceeded in isolating pure blue anthocyanln Also electro1干microscopical studies of frorn the petals of Co〃inzelina co〃z〃lunzs the fine ceil structure were started・ and published about his chemical and bio－ TsuDA found mitochon〔lrial structures ln chemical findings． He also examined on a certain fungi（／lsPergi〃us and Penici”ium） large scale the d］istribution of anthocyanlns using the ultra－thin sectioning method． in Japanese plant populations． Besides， the Several other works have been carried out， namely， electron－lnicroscopical studies of synthesis and mutation of flower color were studied in Japanese morning glory，Pharbitis cytoplasmic polyhedral virus infecting the ∧lil， and pansies，「レ「iola tricolor maxi〃la・by silkworm（TsuJITA）；gelletical and electron－ Y．ABE and T． ENDo， respectively． T． ENDo microscopical studies of phage infecting summarized last year his biochernical and Pseudo〃zonas solanaceantm （TsuJITA and genetical studies on且ower pigments・At MATsuI）；electron－rnicroscopical studies on the inner structure o’f Para〃zeciu〃z caudatu〃2 present， he is studying in the U．S．A． After HAYAsHI’s transfer to Tokyo Uni， by means of ultra－thin sections（TsuJITA， versity of Education in April 1956， Y． OGAwA TsuDA and WATANABE）；and formation of became the head in September 1956， and ABE tobacco mosaic virus in plastids（TsuJITA retired from this Institute in August 1957． and TSUDA）． In parallel with genetical and biochemical Under OGAwA’s leadershlp， the maln re－ studies of chrolnogranules in the hypoderm’ search project of this laboratory was directed to biochemical studies on the al cells of the silkworrn electron－mlcro－ growth and differentiation of animal em． scopical studies of their fine structure a「e bryos and tumor tissues・In order to now ln progress・ 1

16 Department of Applied Genetics

some genotypes and decrease of others， First Laboratory which are not necessarily accompanied by an Main projects so far pul－sued and their increase in fitness of the whole population． results are as follows：（3）Competitive effect is density－dependent， 1．Selection experiments we1’e conducted but it is necessary to distinguish density’ with chickens for egg production and with response from competitive ability．（4） Drosophila for bristle number． Selection Migration in animals can be divided into was proved to be effective． Contrary to randoln－and mass－migration， both of which expectation，▲t was noticed that the genetic are genetic but independent from each variance did not change before and after other．（5）Aweakly competing genotype the selection． is unable to survive for a long tirne in a 2． Hybrid vigor in chickens was in－ mixed population with a strongly competing vestigated with a view to confi1‘m the effect genotype． If， however， the forrner is of cytoplasm on heterosis． The conclusion endowed with a high migratory activity， it was that maternal effects were observed can survive by finding a niche in a new in early embryonic growth， egg production， area， which is not necessarily very suitable disease resistance and tolerance against for its surviva1． radiatiOn dalnageS． Developmental－genetic studies of quanti－ 3． Effects of selection under different tative characters in plants and animals are enVirOnmental CirCUmStanCeS Were inVeSti． being carried on． The attention has beell gated with 7’夕iboliu〃z． It was found that focused on the investigation of pleiotropy selectioll for body weight was more effec－ of quantitative genes by means of X－ray tive under poor than under good nutrition． treatment， alld on the enquiry about devel・． Aproject now under way is the exploita－ opmental relatlonshlps among quantitatlve tion of develoPlnental genetics in quantita－ characters by means of genetic correlatiolls tive characters of fowL It is hoped through between their developmental instabilities． this work to explain inbree〔ling degenera－ From the results of those investigations， tion in terms of developmental error during the collcept of‘‘potency，’in organislns has organ formation， to find genetic relations been developed， based on which differentia－ between organ conformation and egg Pro－ tion of organs has been interpreted in duction， and to define body confolmations genetic quantitative terms． Furtherlnore， in terms of pleiotropy of polygenes． the role of developmental instability ill evolution has been elucidated． Second Laboratory Genetic studies oll solne econornic charac－ The main lines of work conducted in this ters of tobacco plants have also been con－ laboratory are as follows：（1）cornpetition ducted． Among them are inheritance of and migration in plants and animals，（2） mid－rib and leaf－vein formation， inheritance developmental genetics of quantitative of leaf color and genetic relation between characters，（3）genetic studies of economic nicotine content and leaf thickness． characters in tobacco plants， and （4） Statistical genetic studies so far carried statistical genetics of forest trees． out with forest trees have led to establish－ Findings so far obtained from the com－ ment of a new method of estimation of petition studies are summarized in the genetic parameters without raising pl℃geny． following：（1）Competitive ability is a It is now intended to improve the method genetic character which is not associated， for those tree species in which intergeno－ with any visible botanic characters．（2） typic competition interferes with its suc・ Mix－growing of genotypes ill a population cessful apPlication． brings about increase in the frequency of 17

and their results have been a／i’ea（1y l川blisl1・ Third Laboratory ed． In general， thCir reSeard1 ；KCtiVitY H．1．OKA and H． MoRIsHIMA are working aimS at eVOIUtiOnary genetics il）：’ic’c’． with problems related to the origin of cultivated rice． The present main research objects are： 1） species relationship bet－ ween Oγyzαsativa and O． glaberrima，2） phylogenetic relationships among rice varie・ ties as revealed by F20r sporophytic sterili－ ty，3）breeding of isogenic lines with dif－ ferent sterility genes， which will be used for gene analysis of FI and F2 sterilities， 4）survey of variations in characters relative to breeding system， and 5）natural selection experiments with hybrid populations of wild rice species． The last one is being conducted in cooperation with the International Rice Photo 7． Short－day paddy fields for rice． Research Institute and the Botany Institute Each field is specially equipped with a of Academia Sinica． Studies on many other dark chalnber， whose opening and closing are subjects were made along the same line automatiCally COntrolled．

Department of Induced Mutation

populations and on the mechanism of main－ First I2aboratory taining genetic variation in a population， 1．Studies on mice （K， TuTIKAwA）： that is closely reIated to the former． Main Radiation．induced mutation rate in mice results recently obtained are as follows： was studied by the following two methods． First， the rates of both spontaneous and By rneasuring the rate of induction of radiation・ind．uced mutations of polygenes autosomal recessive lethals， as proposed by controlling viability on the chromosome HALDANE， it was indicated that the genetic basis are extremely high in comparison effect of radiatioll is culnulative during all with those of recessive lethal mutations． developmental stages of mice even at a low Second， those spontaneous and induced dose with a Iow dose－rate． On the contrary， mutant－polygenes are characterized by ex－ 1nutation rate observed by the speci丘c loci hibiting overdominallce in homozygous method indicated that the d（）se rate effect genetic backgrounds． is not linear atleast within the dose rates used here． Besides those results， the sex Second Laboratory ratio was found to decrease lineal°ly with The following three points have been the total dose of chronic irradiation given the main concerns of this laboratory； to spermatogonia． Furtherlnore， a distinct （1）determination of the optimum radiation difference was found alnong strains ill the dose and method of its application to plants， peripheral leucocyte number in the response （2）comparison of mutations induced by to whole body X－irradiation． various kinds of radiation， and （3）mecha－ 2．Studies on Drosophila（T． MuKAI，1． nism of radiation－inducecl mutation in YosHIKAwA and T． YAMAzAKI）： Since 1960， cerealS． when MuKAI was appointed as a research 60Coγ一ray irradiator was built in 1956， member， experiments have been conducted with which studies on radiosensltivity of on the genetic influence of radiation on cultivated plants， their colnn〕ercial varieties 1 1

and polyploids were started． At the same are also changed． The chemical valence time， relative biological effectiveness（RBE） changes of the decayed nuclei， i．e．， trans－ of thermal（JRR－1）or fast（14 MeV，7．2 MeV， rnutation， may have some effects on living fission neutrons， etc．） neutrons and radio－ system． Since 1961， the transmutation ef－ active solutions（32P，1311， etc．）， in comparison fects of incorporated 32P on killing and with X－orγ一rays， were studied with wheat induced mutation in microorganisms， plants and ／1 rabido1）sis． and silkworm have been studied． In the case Furthermore， an extensive study was of bacteria， it was concluded that the kill－ carried out with wheat and rice seeds for ing action of decay of 32P is due neither a detailed comDarison of dose－rate and to intracellular nor extracellularβ・radiation i storage effects on growth ancl mutation． but to the transmutation effect， and the In this study， recovery of radiation damage mutagenic action of 32P is also due largely under chronic irradiation and dose－rate to the transmutated atom itself． As for dependency of mutation frequency were higher forms， some preliminary results are generally observed． Those phenomena obtained for induced mutation in silkworm， were， however， often masked by storage but the work is now in progress， and it is effects， whose magnitude depended upon hoped to obtain more detailed information the kind of materials， total irradiation dose， about this proble1皿． dose rate and storage conditions（ternPera－ 2．Biophysical studies on the mechanism ture， moisture， etc．）． Recently， an irradia－ of radiation－induced mutations： S． KoNDo， tion experiment was started using theγ一 presently Professor of Osaka University， field of the Institute of Radiation Breeding、 has extensively studied relations between for comparison with the results obtained by RBE（relative biological effectiveness）and acuteγ一rays from l37Cs of this department． LET（linear energy transfer）， using various Another purpose of the lnutation reseasch radiations alld various biological responses． was the induction of useful lnutations such Frorn this study， he proposed a lnulti－ as short culm， early heading and maturity， subunit target model for chromosome disease reslstance， and others 111 cerealS structure， and concluded that in most cases and tobacco， color change in floweri ng radiobiological effects are due to structural plants（tulip， chrysanthemum， carnatlon， damages of chromosomes and that in etc．）， and useful bud sports in fruit trees general the shape of RBE－versus－LET （oranges，9rapes， etc．）． ’ In addltion ，breed－ curve is a reflection of the nature of pri－ ingof sugar beet by means of ilnduced mary lesions of radiation damages under triploidy has been carried out since 1949 in consideration． Recently， he proposed a cooperation with the Kihara 1nstitute for biophysical theory for radiation－induced Biological Research． Cytogenetic studies polygenic mutations． of Triticu〃z and its relatives and specles Along this line， molecular action of ultra－ hybrids of Oγyzα have also been carried violet light upon microo1々ganisms is now out． studied． Since covalently bonded dilners of thymine were isolated from ultra．violet Third Laboratory irradiated DNA and their role in ultra－ 1． Biological effects of il〕temal radiation： violet inactivation of microorganisms was One of the Inain projects is to clarify the revealed， it has become a great interest to mechanisms of biological effects（）f internal 6nd out whether the formation of thymille 「adiation caused by internally located I－adio－ dilner is an essential， primary event for isotopes， such as incorporated 32P or ingest－ ultra－vlolet mutagenesis． For this purpose， ed goSr． When the radioisotopes thus quantitative relationship between thyrrline located within organisms disintegrate， they dirner formation and mutation frequency is usually emit ionizing radiation， and the now ullde1－study with Escherichia coli． chenlical valences of the residual nuclei 3．Measuremellt of radiation doses；It 1．9 is a routine work of this laboratory to useful for any kind of studies in radiation measure and calculate radiation doses of biology， because of its small size（1 mm in X－rays，γ・rays and neutrons not only for diameter and 6mm in length）， fair ac・ our own studies but also for the workers in curacy （better than ±5％「）， linearity for other laboratories or research institutes． wide range of dose（5rto 103ror more） S．KoNDo developed a glass dosimeter， by and its response to any kind of ionizing which the dose of ionizing radiations ab－ radiations including both thermal and fast sorbed by biological specimens can be easily neutrons． measured． This special dosimeter is very

Department of Human Genetics

With the establishment of the Depart・ ment of Human Genetics in April 1960， the 鱗講饗1騰 Institute has marked the first step in a program of increased emphasis on re－ searches in this particular field．繍羅1 ’．灘：1 Genetic composition of human population 灘篇籔 is best known for Caucasians and the ex－牒ばli 総薮．仰 isting world centers of human genetics are 魏1：．：

interested mainly in this race． However， ‘・．．‘ D鱗ド．．1 轟㌫鱗．．‘． @ば．．じ． there are considerable differences in the 灘 genetic structure among ethnic groups， so 1． p；．．・．▲碗．⑥鍵黙 that a major project of this department is ‘難．

concerned with a comparative study of the ㈱樋灘獅蝋1・噸、．；．1．灘liii｛ genetic composition of the Japanese PoPula’ tion． Its aim is to understand how the Photo 8， Chromosomes of a patient with Down，s syndrome， in which 21・22／21 translocation genetic composition is related to environ－ was found． mental factors， past and present， of physi－ cal， biological and cultural nature， and what While the e任ect of ABO incompatibility kind of genetic consequences may be ex－ seemed to be significant in the previous pected from rapid changes of various data mostly obtained in the pre－war time， factors such as those affecting in recent its effect has not been clearly demonstrated times social， family and marriage patterns． in the recent data． Some evidences have Along this line the following researches been obtained， which indicate prezygotic are going on， under a grant from the selection acting on heterozygous fathers in Rockefeller Foundation given in 1961． ABO blood groups． 2．Studies on some hereditary diseases First Laboratory （E．MATsuNAGA， A． ToNoMuRA and H． OlsHI）： 1．Selective mechanism for th6 main・ In order to estimate the frequencies of tenance of some polymorphic genes in man のロchromosomal and gene mutatlons， extenslve （E．MATsuNAGA and Y． HIRAIzuMI）：Selective surveys on a nation－wide scale are in pro－ mechanism operating on polymorphic traits gress on Down’s syndrome and retinoblas・ such as ABO， MN， P blood groups， secretor toma． Epidemiological approaches are vs． non－secretor， and ear－wax types， are adopted to elucidate factors that influence being analyzed from the standpoint of the occurrence of those diseases， Some population genetics． Special attention is data pertinent to eugenic aspects have been paid to the problem of maternal・fetal in－ obtained． compatibility and prezygotic selection． 3．Studies on biochemical genetics（T． 1：．

，11

SHINoDA）：Asurvey was made of the fre－ University Hospitals in Tokyo， a number quellcies of haptoglobin types and the of chromosome abnormalities were analyzed deficiency of glucose－6－phosphate－dehydro－ in various types of congenital disorders and genase activity． Besides， studies on the sex anomalies． Accumulation of the data relation between molecular structure and will provide evidence on the nature of the function of certain enzymes and nucleic mechanisms which control those abnormali・ acids are carried out by means of chemical ties． modifications． 2．Studies of the sex chromatin body 4． Possible genetic consequences of and drumstick extrusion in interphase measures affecting population trends in nuclei（A． ToNoMuRA and K． SoGA）：Studies Japan（E． MATsuNAGA）：The recent trends of the sex chromatin body in tissue cells of demographic patterns such as rapid and drumsticks in polymorphonuclear leu－ decline in both mortality and birth rates， cocytes are of fundamental importance not and migration from rural to urban areas only for the diagnosis of sex and sexually are especially remarkable in this country． abnormal illdividuals but also for genetics in Possible genetlc consequences of those general． The incidence of those structures changes are investigated froln varlous was investigated ilmormal females and in aspects． patients with abnormalities in sexual development． Second Laboratory 3．Studies of chromosome aberratlons ln 1．Chromosome studies in patients with human somatic cells in vitro（A． ToNoMuRA）： congenital disorders（A． ToNoMuRA and H． With the hope of relating the findings in OIsHI）：Practical methods for the study of vit7・・o to observations made on living indivi－ human chromosomes are of very recent duals， detailed analysis of spontaneous and origin． Applying those methods， a new induced chromosome aberrations has been field has been already created in human carried out with human embryonic cells genetics． In collaboration with several cultured 〃Z vitro．

Department of Microbial Genetics

demonstrated that a mutation in one of First Laboratory those genes produces an altered configura－ The major subject of researches in this tion of the corresponding flagellin， result－ laboratory is the genetics of Sα〃none〃α illg in a change in antigen type， a modifi－ flagella． S（1〃none〃a flagella are excellently cation of the Hagellar shape or an alteration suited for genetic studies on syllthesis of of the receptor site to motility phage． proteinaceous antigen and cytolnorpho－ For the production of flagella， several genes1S． regulatory genes have been found to be In acid solution below pH 3．5， a bacterial involved， namelyβα， ah and vh，． A／Za“『 flagellum dissociates into homogeneous pro－ mutation in any one of the／7a genes causes tein lnOnOrnerS Called‘flagellin’． ImmUnO－ loss or decrease of the ability to produce logical studies of both Hagella and their flagella． Fifty－three．tla”－mutants so far component Hagellins have indicated that a examined were classifiecl into， at least， flagellin rnolecule is the ullit of flagellar seven complementation units． One of these antigen． Two flagellin loci， Hl and 跳， fla’－mutallts was found to Produce flagel－ each of which is assumed to carry the lins but fail to constl呼uct flagella from them． whole genetic code for amino acid sequence The remaining fla．・』mutants can not syn－ of a flagellin， were disclosed by the studies thesize flagellin Illor】omers． ah adjoins to of their genetic fine structures． It was each ノ了 gelle， αノll to ／Lli and ah2 to I－1， 21

respectively， and switches on or off the genetic activity of the latter． The func－ v tion of ah is effective to the adjoining H gene only when it is in cis・position to H． vh2 regulates the stability of 1五 state． t Regulatory mechanisms of those genes are under active investigation． lI ll As regards flagellar morphogenesis，仇 vitro reconstitution of flagellar fibres from I l their component Hagellin molecules is under study． An efficient method to select paralyzed mutants of bacteria was invented（ENoMoTo and IINo 1963）． By genetic complementa． tion test， paralyzed mutants（mot－）of Sα1．り助吻％γ㌦沈obtained by this method were classi6ed into three cistrons． Biochemical studies on the function of these cistrons are ln progress・ Those investigations have been partially supported by a research grant from the Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases， Public Health Service， U．S．A．， since 1959 and by a grant from the Toyo Rayon Foundation for the Promotion of Science and Technology in 1964． Photo 9． Electron micrographs of Sαlmonella Second I．aboratory typhimurium showing norma1（A）and curly Hagella （B）． Negatively stained by phos・ Mechanisms involved in cellular regula． photungstate． tion of gene action are of great interest and are studied genetically and biochemi－ has no genetic block in the structural cally with Salmonella． genes controlling the structure of those Anew mutant， arg・s－1，was isolated from enzyme proteins， and（5）ornithine transcar－ wild type Sal． tyφhimurium strain LT－2 by bamylase and aspartate transcarbamylase of 2－aminopurine treatment． Characteristics the mutant do not seem to be repressed of this mutant are as follows：（1）its by arginine or uraci1， respectively． From growth is specifically inhibited by one of those observations， the mutant has most the essential amino acids， arginine，（2） likely some genetic block in the cellular the critical point of arginine concentration regulatory mechanism for synthesizing high enough to suppress the growth of the arginine and uracil， probably in a regulator mutant， at least for the first ten hours， gene． It may be a so－called‘relaxed’ lies between 10－5 M and 10－4 M，（3）the mutant， which has a de丘ciency in the growth inhibition by arginine is specifically controlling system of RNA synthesis． and immediately removed by addition of To clarify cellular regulation mechanisms uracil to the concentration equivalent to of gene actions， it would be most helpful or higher than that of arginine，（4）the to bring to light the fine structure of the mutant shows normal activity of ornithine regulator gene itself as well as to identify transcarbamylase， aspartate transcar－ repressor as a chemical substance． For this bamylase and carbamate kinase（or carbamyl purpose， it is attempted to produce many phosphate synthetase）， suggesting that it such mutants as described above for their i

genetical and biochemical analyses． protein， because this protein has been On the other hand， it is never neglected genetically extensively studied in the First l to carry out investigations in vitro to find Laboratory of this department． Fractiona－ i out the characteristics of the repressor tion of flagellins by DEAE－cellulose or by itself． The establishment of a system for antibody－cellulose has been carried out， synthesizing a specific protein in vilro， and through which separation of flagellins with finding of an e伍cient method for detecting different antigenic specificities has been the synthesized protein are essential for successful． Now it is tried to establish a biochemical approach to repressor． To system， which will allow the synthesis of start with， the flagellar antigen of those proteins in vitro． Salmonella has been chosen as a specific

Department of Population Genetics

The department was launched in July for the past 15 years， the first ten having 1964．It is the ninth and at the moment the been devoted mainly to the solution of last research department that has been problems on stochastic processes of the added to the existing eight． Its organization change of gene frequencies in populations． is still incomplete；it contains only one His contributions include the finding of division（the First Laboratory）， a second solutions for the processes of randoln division（the Second Laboratory）is expected genetic drift and for the probability of to be added next year．丘xation of mutant genes in a finite The purpose of this department is to population． The latter results have been investigate， both experimentally and theo－ used by Alan RoBERTsoN in developing his retically， the laws which govern the theory of selection limits in animal and genetic structure of natural populations． plant breeding． When the two laboratories are completed， More recently in collaboration with J． F． the research plan of the First Laboratory CRow of the University of Wisconsin， will be to investigate the mechanism of KIMuRA has worked on problems relating evolution by such means as analysis of to genetic loads， effective population the genetic variabilities of natural popula－ number and maintenance of genetic tions and selection experiments with variability in populations． He is also population cages． The Second Laboratory working on models of population structure． will be devoted to mathematical and Since 1952， Yuichiro HIRAIzuMI has been statistical studies concerning the genetics investigating the genetic structure of of natural populations， including those of natural populations of plants and animals． man． For these studies， it is hoped that the The first five years，1952－1956， were devoted laboratory will have in future the facilities to the investigation of the evolutionary of an electronic computer． dynalnics in natural populations of 7’ri〃iu〃z． He found that random genetic drift was First Laboratory one of the i1皿portant evolutionary factors． Here， problems relating to the mechanism He has spent the next five years in Ame． of evolution are investigated from the rica，1956－1960， studying the selective mecha－ standpoint of population genetics． The nisms operating in natural、 populations of staff members of the laboratory， their Drosophila． He discovered a new elemellt previous and present activities are as of meiotic drive called segregation－distorter follows：（SD）． Since 1961， he has been investigat－ Motoo KIMuRA has been working on the ing the significance of meiotic drive in the mathematical theory of population genetics evolution of human as well as DrosoPhila 23 populations and he obtained some eviclences of Droso♪hila〃πelanθ．gas／〆η・ill Japan． He of meiotic drive in human ABO blood is also studying thc effect of radiation－ groups． Recently he discovered an SD－ induced mutations on litlless il）Di’θsθP1〃‘1． like drive element in a natural population

Stocks Maintained

Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Hfr and F－strains 1） Bacteria Auxotrophic mutants for amino acids． Sal〃zonella tyPhimuriztm Sensitive or resistant mutants to Wild type antibiotics and bacteriophages． Auxotrophic mutants， c．50 strains Sal〃zonella serotypes c． 30 strahls including auxotrophy for amino acids， inclUding S． Para B， S．1）arat二yPhi／1， S． purines， pyrimidines， or vitamins． sendai， S． heidelberg， etc． Mutants unable to utilize compounds Escherichia coli as energy source， c． 10 strains． Strain K， B， S， Row． Sensitive or resistant mutants to Auxotrophic mutants for amino acids， antibiotics（Sm， Cm． Tc， etc．）， c．50 purines， pyrimidines or vitamins．

stralns． Sensitive or resistant mutants to Sensitive or resistant mutants to antibiotics and bacteriophages． bacteriophages（P22， Chi， etc．）， c．50 Hfr and F－strains．

stralns． Serratia indica Non－flagellated mutants including 2 Serratia Ply〃zzathicum kinds of regulator mutants， c．100 Serratia marcescens stralns．ひ Color 1皿utants Paralyzed mutants， c．60 strains． to Sensitive or reslstant mutants Salmone〃a abortus・equi antibiotics or bacteriophages． Wild type Shigella boy4 Sensitive or resistant rnutants to Shige〃a sonnei antibiotics（Sm， Cln， Tc， etc．）， c．30 Shige〃a dysenteria stralns． Shige〃a fiexneri Sensitive or resistant mutants to Sensitive or resistant mutants to bacteriophages（P22， Chi， etc．）， c．30 antibiotics（Sm， Cm， Tc， etc．）． stralns． Non－Hagellated mutants， c．30 strains． 2） Bacteriophages Paralyzed mutants， c．10 strains． Salmonella： P22， Chi Serotype mutants， c．80 strains． Escherichia： T1， T2， T3， T，， T5， T6， T7， Sal〃zonella abony Lambda Wild type Serratia： Sigma

Drosophilα

1）」D．melαnogαster ISOgenic lineS 9 Wild type Mutants Japanese strains 80 lst chromosome 25 Foreign strains 40 2nd 〃 19 24

3rd 〃 18 3rd 〃 1 4th 〃 1 4th 〃 1 Multi－chromosomal 54 5th 〃 2 Natural lethal strains 440 Multi－chromosomal 2 〃 semilethal strains 250 3）」り．pseudoobscura 2）D．virilis PP strains 7 Wild type strains 4 AR 〃 10 Mutants CH 〃 7 lst chromosome 3 ST 〃 10 2nd 〃 1

Silkworms

About 120 rnutant or synthetic strains Above all， the Institute is proud of pos． of the silkworm are now being kept in sessing the most important chromosome this Institute． They represent almost all aberrations， which are not available outside necessary genes for genetic analysis． the Institute．

Mice， Rats and Other Laboratory Animals

1）Inbred strains of mice（Mus musculu8） Linkage group IX A／HeMs， AKRIJaxMs， C57BL／6HeMs， tailless－wild 5（t？°5）， Brachyury（η， Fused C57L／HeMs， C58／LwMs， C3H／AnHeMs，（Fu） C3Hf／Lw， C3HeB／De， DM／Ms， DD／Ms， Linkage group XI D103／Ms， DBA／2， HR／De， NH／LwMs， obese（ob） RF／Ms， RFM， SL／Ms， SMA／Ms， SWR／JMs， Linkage group XII SWM／Ms， STOLI． jerker（ノe） 2）Mutant stocks of mice Linkage group XIII Linkage grouP I leaden（ln） chinchilla（cch）， extreme dilution（ce）， Linkage group XV pink－eyed dilution（P） Twirler（Tw） Linkage group II Mutants of unknown linkage group short ear（sつ， dilute（d） furless（アs）， alopetia periodica（ap），falter Linkage group III （fa）， Post－axial polydactyly（Po）， dwarf piebald（s）， hairless （hr）， rhino （hrrり，（dw） Viable dominant spotting（W”） 3） Inbred strainsof rats（Rattus norveρicus） Linkage group V ACI／N， Albany， Buffalo， Castle’s Black， non－agouti（a）， black and tan （at）， CW－1， Long－Evans， Nagoya， NIG－1， NIG Lethal yellow（／1i’） II， NIGIV， YOS， Tailless・W， Wistar， Linkage group VI Wistar－King・A， Wayne’s pink－eyed yellow Caracul（Cα） hooded． Linkage group VII 4）Other laboratory anima18 Rex（Rの， tipsy（ti） Chinese hamster（Cricetulus griseus） Linkage group VIII House rat （Ra〃us ra〃us） brown（b） Mastomys（ルTastomys coucha） 25 Rice

No． of Species 塁：；i：i Species stralns O．abro〃zeitiana Prod． 4 O．mala〃z1）uzhaensis Krish． et Chand． 1 0．α〃aSwallen 5 0．〃zθッeriana Baill． 18 O．australiensis Domin 2 0．〃zinuta Presl 42 O．bar彦hii A． Chev． 75 0．〔励鋤〃∫Wall． 76 0．brachyantha A． Chev． et Roehr． 12 0．Paraguaiensis Wedd． 1 0．breviligulata A． Chev． et Roehr． 33 0．♪erennis Moench 90 0．coarctata Roxb． 3 0．ヵerrieri A． Camus 1 0．cubensis Ekman 8 0．ヵunctata Kotschy 10 O．eichingeri Peter 16 0．ri〃の’i Hook． 6 O．glaberri〃zαSteud． 400 0．sativa ］L． 3，404 0．grandiglu〃zis Prod． 5 0．sativa f． spontanea Roschev． 167 0．granulata Nees 11 0．schlechteri Pilger 1 O．latifolia Desv． 25 0．sta♪fii Roschev． 12 0．longiglu〃zis Jansen 15 0．sμbulata Nees 1 O．malabarensis 2 0．ti∬eranti A． Chev． 1

Wheat and AegiloPs

T．orientale Perc． 1）Wheat T．Persicu〃z Vav． var． s〃α〃zineu〃z Zhuk．（a） Species collection 7「．カersicum Vav． var．fuliginosu〃z Zhuk Triticu〃z aegilol）oides Bal． var． boeo〃－ 2strains cu〃2 Perc． 3strains 7’．Polonicu〃3 L var． vestitu〃z K6rn． T．monococcu〃z L． var． vulga夕θK6rn． T．Pツra〃zidale Perc． var． recognitu〃z 2 strains Perc． T．〃zonococcu〃ル． var． flavescens K6rn． T．吻9鋤〃2Lvar． nigro－barb鋤〃Z T．ti〃20ヵheevi Zhuk． 2strains K6rn． T．dicoccoides K6rn． var． fu lvov〃osm T．comPactum Host var． icterinum Al． Perc． T．co〃z1りactum Host var．吻〃zboldti K6rn． T．dicoccoides K6rn． var． leotsc勿anu〃z （No．44） Schulz T．macha Dek． et Men． var． sublet－ 7’．dicoccoides K6rn． var． sPontaneo－ schchmicum Dek． et Men． nigru〃z Flaksb． T．sPe〃αL． var． duha〃zelianu〃z K6rn． T． dicoccu〃z SchUbl． var． ligu lifo r〃ze and 30ther strains K6rn． T．sPhaeプococcu〃2 Perc． var． rotundatu〃2 T、dicoccu〃z SchUbl． var． arras Hochst． Perc． 2strains 7「．vulgaノ・⑫Vill．（7’． aes〃vum L）var． T．dicoccum ssp． georgicum Dek． et Men． albidu〃¢Al． T．duグu〃2 Desf． var． reichenbachii K6rn． T．vulga re Vill．（T． aestivu〃2 L）var． T．duru〃z Desf． var． coerulescens（Bayle） albo／zabrum K6rn． K6rn． T．vulgare Vill．（T． aestivum L）var． T．du rz〃〃Desf． var． hordeifor〃ze（Host） eγy！’hroleucon K6rn． K6rn． T．vulga re Vill．（T． aestivzam L）var． T．duru〃z Desf． var． melanol）us（AL） ¢り）〃zrosPer〃z％〃2 K6rn． K6rn． 7’．vulgare Vill．（T． aes彦ivu〃1 L）var． 26

ferrugineum K6rn． Ae． colu〃znaris Zhuk． 2 strains T．vulgare Vill．（T． aestivum L）var．ノ1e． comosa Sibth． et Sm． 2strains graecum K6rn．ノle． cra∬a Boiss． 2strains T．vulgare Vil1．（T． aestivum L）var．／1e． cylindrica Host 3strains lutescens Al． Ae． heldreichii（Holzm．）Eig Synthetic hexaploid wheat 4 strains ／1e． kotschツi Boiss． 4strains （b）Cultivated varieties of common wheat Ae． longi∬碗αSchw． et Musch． Japanese local varietles 200 ノle． ovata L． 6strains American varieties 300 ノ脇．sharonensis Eig 2 strains Australian varieties 84 Ae． sPeltoides Tausch 2strains Russian varieties 24 ／le． s（7uarrosa L． 6strains Scandinavian varieties 62 ．4e． triaristata Willd． 7strains Tibetan varieties 19 、4e． triuncialis L． 7strains Ae． turco〃zanica Rosh． 2） AegiloPs Ae． u〃zbellulata Zhuk． 3strains Ae． aucheri Boiss． Ae． uniaristata Vis． 3strains Ae． bicornis Jaub． et Sp． 2strains Ae． variabilis Eig 3strains Ae． biuncialis Vis．／4θ．ventricosa Tausch 5strains ノ1e． caudata L．

Flowering Cherry Tree

Prunus aPelala P．ca〃iPanulata P．aPetala var． pilosa P．sieboldii P．incisa P．ツedoensis P．incisa forma Yamadai P．ノamasaleura P．incisa var． tomθntosa P．ノa〃zasakura var． ch・ikusiensis P．incisa var． kinleiθnsis P．sargentii P．勿♪Z）onica〃urilensis 1）． verecunda P．subhirte〃α P．Lannesiana var． sPeciosa 1）．sub／2irtella var． Pendula fo1’111a ascendens Cultivated varieties and hybrids 110 P．subhirte〃αvar． Pendula

Genes of Morning Glory（Pharbitis Nil） a－1 a－1white co cordate a－lf flecked－1 60π Hederacea ac acumlnate COα cocoa B－1 Blown－1 cp crepe b－4 blown－4 cr cream br brown CS CriSS．CrOSSed bv brimvein ct contracted Bz－1 Blizzard－1 cu couple c－1 c－1white cツ cream yellow ca ca white dc deep－crumpled cai@lvory dg－1 dragonfly－1 cd contorted di dingy cm－1 crumpled－1 dle－1 duskish－1 cn chestnut 4ん一2 duskish－2 27

dl delicate Mr－1 Margined－1 dlm delicate mutable Mγプ Margined fluctuated dP duplicated ♪ pear dw－1 dwarf－1 Pp pear－petaloid d夕 dusky Pr purple e extended Pt petaloid Ex Expanded Pツ polymorphic ゾー1 fasciated－1 r－1 卜1－white f－2 fasciated－2 γe－1 retracted－1 ∫－3 fasciated－3 Rツー1 Rayed－1 fa fainted S star fd faded Sa Striated fds smeary sc semi．contracted ノ≒ feathered si stiff feC creased Sl Stellate f‘）1 folded sP－1 speckled－1 g glabrous sPh spheloid Gb Globose sr－1 side－reduced－1 h－1 hair－1 st－1 striped－1 hs hard seed su－Cツ Cream yellow supPressor hw－1 half－white－1 szz－tw－1 tube color supPressor i－1 intense－1 sz－1 size－1 Ln Lined tw－1 tube－white－1 Ip lilliputian v－1 variegated－1 〃－1 1ight－1 we weeplng m maple wr wrinkled MW willOW y－1 yellow－1 mg magenta ．ym－1 yellow mutable－1

Ornamental Plants

Camellia（3 species） 92cultivated varieties Plum 19 〃〃 Maple 39 〃〃

Publications

Annual Reports

The Institute publishes the ccAnnual individuals interested in the activities of Reports” both in Japanese and English， the Institute． So far the following numbers and distributes them to institutions and of the English edition have been issued． N・・P・g・・鷲い蒜f N・・P・g・・ご二隠f

1（1949－’50） 53 46 Nov．1951 4（1953） 69 47 Aug．1954 2（1951） 70 54 0ct． 1952 5（1954） 90 57 Sept．1955 3（1952） 69 44 0ct． 1953 6（1955） 102 76 Aug．1956 1

N 28

7（1956） 105 68 Aug． 1957 11（1960） 111 97 Oct． 1961 8（1957） 115 76 July 1958 12（1961） 128 101 June 1962 9（1958） 144 84 Sept． 1959 13（1962） 115 86 Aug．1963 10（1959） 162 109 Oct． 1960 14（1963） 139 111 Sept．1964

Contributions to scienti丘c Journals by the Staff

Papers written by the staff members have have been printed． The reprints of these been contributed to various scientific jour一 papers are distributed regularly to biological nals， both domestic and foreign． Up to institutions and individual geneticists． date（August 1964）， 539 ttcontributions”

」L 声絆鯛

．2；〒T §§O ＝Ct

a⇔・物．、燕’担 ¢ 醐洲賎・苫治蛭当 2る綱二5 do ．9㌔甜 ‖・｝鞘 Z

c～’あ

2α：

、〃早ザ嚇」拶二5 劫頴 ◎ 奄

修笏％多一彩〃劾・㌘

珍：

㌻

謙疹診竃

5 ，θ、

PRlNTED AT KOKUSAI BUNKEN INSAL「SUSHA RHINJU・KU， TOKYO

」