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Performance Characteristics and Design of Voltage References Yunting Yin Iowa State University

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Performance Characteristics and Design of Voltage References Yunting Yin Iowa State University Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2017 Performance characteristics and design of voltage references Yunting Yin Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Electrical and Electronics Commons Recommended Citation Yin, Yunting, "Performance characteristics and design of voltage references" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 17370. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17370 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Performance characteristics and design of voltage references by Yunting Yin A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Electrical Engineering Program of Study Committee: Randall L. Geiger, Major Professor Degang J. Chen Yong Guan Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2017 Copyright ©Yunting Yin, 2017. All rights reserved. ii DEDICATION To my family iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. ix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Voltage Reference ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Introduction of Bandgap Reference Circuit ..................................................................... 4 1.3 Variants of Bandgap Reference Circuits .......................................................................... 7 1.4 Research Motivation ...................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER II TRADITIOANL BANDGAP REFERENCE CIRCUIT ................................... 13 2.1 Diode and BJT Model .................................................................................................... 13 2.1.1 Diode Model ........................................................................................................... 13 2.1.2 BJT Model .............................................................................................................. 16 2.2 Brokaw Reference Circuit .............................................................................................. 17 2.3 Banba Reference Circuit ................................................................................................ 20 2.4 Kuijk Reference Circuit ................................................................................................. 22 2.5 Mietus Reference Circuit ............................................................................................... 24 2.6 Mixed Bipolar-MOS Reference Circuit ......................................................................... 25 2.7 Alternate Banba Refrence Circuit .................................................................................. 27 2.8 Modified Kuijk Reference Circuit ................................................................................. 29 2.9 Summarized parameters of each structure ..................................................................... 30 CHAPTER III CHARACTERIZATION AND COMPARISON OF BANDGAP CIRCUITS ................................................................................................................................................. 32 3.1 Temperature Coefficients with Vanishing Temperature Derivative at TINF................... 33 3.1.1 Relationship between Temperature Coefficients and Curvature............................. 35 3.1.2 References with output of form a+bT+cTlnT. ........................................................ 36 3.1.3 Comparison of different bandgap reference circuits ............................................... 37 3.2 Spectre Simulation Results of Reference Circuits ......................................................... 41 3.2.1 Banba reference circuit ........................................................................................... 41 3.2.2 Brokaw reference circuit ......................................................................................... 46 iv 3.2.3 Kuijk reference circuit ............................................................................................ 47 3.3 Performance Assessment of Selected Traditional Bandgap Reference Circuits ............ 51 CHAPTER IV NON-BANDGAP REFERENCE CIRCUIT ................................................... 53 4.1 Weak Inversion Operation of MOSFET ........................................................................ 53 4.2 Weak inversion based Banba reference circuit .............................................................. 54 4.3 Strong Inversion Operation of MOSFET ....................................................................... 59 4.4 Simulation results........................................................................................................... 59 4.4.1 Weak inversion based reference circuit .................................................................. 60 4.4.2 Moderated region based reference circuit ............................................................... 63 CHAPTER V COMPARISION OF BANDGAP AND NON-BANDGAP ............................. 66 CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND IMPROVEMENT ....................................................... 67 APPENDIX KEY MODEL PARAMETERS .......................................................................... 68 REFERENCE ........................................................................................................................... 69 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Standard idea of voltage reference .................................................................. 3 Figure 2 PN junction voltage reference ......................................................................... 5 Figure 3 Basic structure of bandgap reference circuit ................................................... 6 Figure 4 Widlar reference circuit ................................................................................... 7 Figure 5 Brokaw reference circuit ................................................................................. 9 Figure 6 I-V characteristics of a diode ......................................................................... 14 Figure 7 Standard Brokaw reference circuit structure ................................................. 18 Figure 8 Standard Banba reference circuit ................................................................... 21 Figure 9 Standard Kuijk Reference Circuit ................................................................. 23 Figure 10 Low Voltage Reference of Mietus ............................................................... 24 Figure 11 Mixed Bipolar-MOS Reference Structure ................................................... 26 Figure 12 Modified Banba Reference Structure .......................................................... 28 Figure 13 Modified Kuijk Reference Circuit Structure ............................................... 29 Figure 14 Several possible curvatures of reference circuit .......................................... 33 Figure 15 A example reference of bandgap reference circuit ...................................... 34 Figure 16 Normalized Reference Output for m=2.3 .................................................... 39 Figure 17 Normalized TC for m=2.3 ........................................................................... 40 Figure 18 Normalized Reference Output for m=3 ....................................................... 40 Figure 19 Normalized TC for m=3 .............................................................................. 40 Figure 20 Banba Reference Circuit Structure .............................................................. 42 Figure 21 Banba output reference voltage ................................................................... 43 Figure 22 Banba Reference Circuit with BJT as diode ................................................ 44 Figure 23 Output voltage of Banba with MOS as diode .............................................. 45 Figure 24 Brokaw Reference Circuit ........................................................................... 46 Figure 25 Output voltage of Brokaw reference circuit ................................................ 47 Figure 26 Kuijk Reference Circuit Structure ............................................................... 48 vi Figure 27 Output voltage of Kuijk reference circuit .................................................... 49 Figure 28 Kuijk reference circuit with diode-BJT ....................................................... 50 Figure 29 Output voltage of Kuijk with diode-MOS ................................................... 51 Figure 30 Banba reference circuit with MOSFET ....................................................... 55 Figure 31 Weak Inversion Output Voltage of the Banba Structure
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