DOCSLIB.ORG

The Story of El Tejon

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Story of El Tejon The Story of El Tejon by HELENS. GIFFEN and ARTHUR WOODWARD Director of History Los Angeles County Museum DAWSON'S BOOK SHOP LOS ANGELES 1 9 4 2 THE FINE ARTS PRESS Th.omas E. Williams Santa Ana, California •• _,,-..,,., .. View of Fort Tejon, showing Officers' quarters and Barracks. THE STORY OF EL TEJON One of the two remaining buildings on the Tejon Ranch, dating to Reservation Days. -Photo by Guy J. Giffen, 193 7 Beale adobe on the La Liebre Rancho, Canon de los Osos. -Photo by Guy J. Giffen, 1937 PART ONE The Rancho, the Passes, and the Indian Reserve by Helen S. Giffen PART TWO Fort Tejon-A Nursery of the drmy by Arthur Woodward Director of History Los Angeles County Museum PART ONE THE RANCHO, THE PASSES, AND THE INDIAN RESERVE The history of that portion of the South San Joa­ quin Valley which embraces the region known as El Tejon, provides an interesting chap.ter in the annals of- California. The name Tejon or Badger, applies to the rancho whose expediente contained pro­ visions for a military post; to the Indian reserve, which became the pattern for all such future government projects; to the passes that gave access to the San Joa• quin from the south; and to Fort Tejon, "a Nursery of The Army," and the only military post in southern California located where snow fell. Pedro Fages was the first Spanish explorer of record to enter the southern end of the San Joaquin Valley. He called this great unexplored section Llano de San Francisco, a region of rushing streams, fertile acres, and desert lands, the refuge of runaway Indian neo­ phytes and deserting so/dados de! cueros. It was while hunting the latter that Fages, entered the San Joaquin in the year 177 2. Accompanied by Father Juan Crespi, Fages and his company had been some time in the field. "Coming from San Diego" wrote the leader of this expedition, "in pursuit of deserters, I went and struck the plain fifty leagues toward the east. Lack of water farced us into the sierra, but when we were parallel with the 1 Mission San Gabriel, we went about fifty leagues to strike the plain again; and we went along the plain toward the north, keeping close to the sierra on account of water, traveling about twenty five leagues until we reached the Pass of Buena Vista."1 From the foregoing, it is evident that Fages ap­ proached the valley from the south and that the pass he called Buena Vista corresponds to the present Tejon Pass. From this vantage point Fages' party looked down upon the oak dotted valley and the shores of Castiac Lake which were passed by the explorer as he entered the Canada de las Uvas ( Grapevine Canon), which he traversed ori his way to the San Joaquin Valley. Four years later, in April, 1776, Father Francisco Garces entered the San Joaquin while on a visit to the Tulares, crossing the Tehachapi mountains by way of the original Tejon Pass.2 In the opening years of the nineteenth century, more than one expedition entered this same region. Father Juan Martin, in 1804, left Mission San Miguel, forthe San Joaquin Valley, but his journey stopped short of the Tejon. Governor Arrillaga was particularly in­ terested in taming this wild region, hoping to extend the influence of Spain inland by the establishment of missions and presidios in this area. The Governor sent Gabriel Moraga from the Mission San Juan Bautista, in 1806. Moraga led his party into the upper reaches of the San Joaquin River, and traversed the valley from north to south, going through the pass known as Tejon, and ending his travels at Mission San. Fernando. Lieutenant Francisco Ruiz, in July, 1806, was in charge of an expedition sent out from the Mission Santa Barbara. His company, undoubtedly, went as far north as the southern boundary of the present 2 Fresno county, and then turning back, stopped at the rancheria at Tulare Lake and "on the following day discovered a caiion called cajon de las Uvas. 3 In later years a soldier who had accompanied this expedition was prompted to relate his impressions of this trip: "Our orders were not to proceed much further north than this, so Captain Ruiz crossed over on the other side of the plain, passing by the way of a long Canada which we called the Canada de las Uvas, from the great quantity of Cimarron grapes found in its vi­ cinity. After traveling for several days with the Cap­ tain, we turned up another opening in the mountains, f ram which ran a small stream, further east and south of Las Uvas, which, from finding a dead badger at its entrance, the soldiers named Canada de/ Tejon, a name that it has al'tNays since borne. "4 It is interesting to note that this nameless soldier's account of his trip with Lieutenant Ruiz, contains the first known mention of the origin of the name Tejon. According to A. L. Kroeber, Anthropologist at the University of California, and author of the Handbook of Indians of California, "The hom.e of the Y okuts was the San Joaquin Valley, the entire floor of which they held from the mouth of the river to the foot of the Tehachapi Pass. In addition they occupied the ad ja­ cent slopes of the foothills of the Sierra Nevada up to an altitude of a few thousand feet, from the Fresno River south, but nowhere north of the stream. "-5 The Indians who occupied the Tejon region be­ longed to two different territories. The Tejon rancho, Tejon Creek, and the old Tejon reserve were in Kitane­ muk territory; while the Tejon Pass and Fort Tejon, were· in the Chumash habitat. The· Kitanemuk com­ posed the southern California branch of the Shosho­ neans; "The Kitanemuk belonged to the northern 3 ~ tc ~ ~ ~ 0 '-< .., (') ~ 0 ~ ("') 0 -· 8 U'J ~ =r ~ ~....,_ ..,~ ...... ("') Q. n-· > 0 c::l.. (1q '\56 = ~ n 9 < .., ~ W.KEE::..ER. ll.Ill'GE 'JClN~"'l ....,_ ~ • A..."""'1J.T<it1.~Mwoc.oi.) n 0 •9u•,k•yvA. U'J ~ = oi•hp&i] ~ 8 ('") .., -<: It.OSI!. STA . ~ 0 ~ [Wuwvp•i J 0 9 ...... ("I) . (1) - pi;- C: .., ...... ~.~) ... n c::l.. ..... ~MLDDL = (Hvn&r,11clc1'1. e.) '-< ~ O"'= 0 O"' '°w.., C: U'J ~ W(Jq n C: .., I',. U'J t:r < (1) ~ THE GITANEMUK ~ ..... C: 'Th.e.Jr Site.a •td Pl•c• N.,..,u 0 I ,. 8 =Q. -· 1 ....... .. ....... , =U'J o ""'"we) G;1 ..,. .. ..,,.,1c I/ill";/• Sil!u •• DC) G;~.,..,.,..,Jc. /11111 ...u tb,, )lolt.irt.t Vill•Jt• -!litea 0 <> G/i1111'l;11..,lilt N111wt,u. ..-;,,. T•lt)I• ·c1i,,,.. .... 1,. s;c•• t c.,.,,_.t.· .. y I',. II# 0 section of southern California, to which the generic appelation Serrano has been applied . the name means Mountaineers-those of the Sierra. The Kit­ anemuk lived on upper Tejon and Paso Creeks, whose lower courses are lost in the Y okut plains, before reach­ ing the Kern River ... The Americans are content to call them the Tejon Indians, which would be satis­ factory but for the fact that the former Tejon Reserva­ tion contained a little babel of tribes. Most of the neighbors of the Kitanemuk, today, frequently refer to them as Haminat . .. a nickname-What is it?"6 El Camino Viejo, the old inland route from San Pedro to San Francisco, skirted the southern edge of the San Joaquin Valley long before any land grants were made in that locality. In 1852 Jose Antonio Dominguez received the first grant, the Rancho San Emigdio, which lay along the foothills over looking the plain of the Tulares. This later became the home of Alexander ( or Alexis) Gorley, the frontiersman who accompanied Fremont on his western trip in 1843. The scout was born in St. Louis in 1800 and has frequently been called a French Canadian voyageur. He was commissioned a Lieutenant in California in 1846 and was present at the Battle of San Pascual in December of that year. In later years he operated a ferry on the San Joaquin River and made the San Emigdio rancho his home in the 1870's. Godey married Maria Antonia Coronel, sister of Antonio Francisco Coronel of Los Angeles, but this marriage lasted only a short time. Gorley lived in Bakersfield after 1884, and died in Los Angeles January 19, 1889. During Lieutenant Ed­ ward F. Beale's administration of the Tejon Indian Reservation, Gorley was superintendent of farming operations, and later, during the regime of J. H. P. Wentworth, was Superintendent of Indians. 5 Prior to Beale's control of Indian affairs in Cali­ fornia, Godey frequently received consignments of cattle from James Savage. These were intended for the Indians under the agreements made by the Com­ mission appointed for that purpose by the United States government; but they were conveniently side­ tracked by Godey who sold the beef to the mines for a neat profit. The second grant in this region was Castec, derived from the Yakut word Kashtuk meaning "my eye". Governor Micheltorena granted;_ this land to Jose Maria Covarrubias of Santa Barbara, November 22, 1843. The Canada de las Uvas and the shores of the Castiac Lake were within the boundaries of this grant. The expediente of this rancho did not carry a provision for a military reserve as did that of the Tejon, nor did it provide for the care and succor of the Indians. Covarrubias came to California in 1834 with the Hijar Colonists.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Robinson V. Salazar 3Rd Amended Complaint
    Case 1:09-cv-01977-BAM Document 211 Filed 03/19/12 Page 1 of 125 1 Evan W. Granowitz (Cal. Bar No. 234031) WOLF GROUP L.A. 2 11400 W Olympic Blvd., Suite 200 Los Angeles, California 90064 3 Telephone: (310) 460-3528 Facsimile: (310) 457-9087 4 Email: [email protected] 5 David R. Mugridge (Cal. Bar No. 123389) 6 LAW OFFICES OF DAVID R. MUGRIDGE 2100 Tulare St., Suite 505 7 Fresno, California 93721-2111 Telephone: (559) 264-2688 8 Facsimile: (559) 264-2683 9 Attorneys for Plaintiffs Kawaiisu Tribe of Tejon and David Laughing Horse Robinson 10 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 11 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 12 13 KAWAIISU TRIBE OF TEJON, and Case No.: 1:09-cv-01977 BAM DAVID LAUGHING HORSE ROBINSON, an 14 individual and Chairman, Kawaiisu Tribe of PLAINTIFFS’ THIRD AMENDED 15 Tejon, COMPLAINT FOR: 16 Plaintiffs, (1) UNLAWFUL POSSESSION, etc. 17 vs. (2) EQUITABLE 18 KEN SALAZAR, in his official capacity as ENFORCEMENT OF TREATY 19 Secretary of the United States Department of the Interior; TEJON RANCH CORPORATION, a (3) VIOLATION OF NAGPRA; 20 Delaware corporation; TEJON MOUNTAIN VILLAGE, LLC, a Delaware company; COUNTY (4) DEPRIVATION OF PROPERTY 21 OF KERN, CALIFORNIA; TEJON IN VIOLATION OF THE 5th RANCHCORP, a California corporation, and AMENDMENT; 22 DOES 2 through 100, inclusive, (5) BREACH OF FIDUCIARY 23 Defendants. DUTY; 24 (6) NON-STATUTORY REVIEW; and 25 (7) DENIAL OF EQUAL 26 PROTECTION IN VIOLATION OF THE 5th AMENDMENT. 27 DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL 28 1 PLAINTIFFS’ THIRD AMENDED COMPLAINT Case 1:09-cv-01977-BAM Document 211 Filed 03/19/12 Page 2 of 125 1 Plaintiffs KAWAIISU TRIBE OF TEJON and DAVID LAUGHING HORSE ROBINSON 2 allege as follows: 3 I.
    [Show full text]
  • Phase I Proposed Finding—Fernandeño Tataviam Band
    Phase I - Negative Proposed Finding Femandefi.o Tataviam Band of Mission Indians Prepared in Response to the Petition Submitted to the Assistant Secretary - Indian Affairs for Federal Acknowledgment as an Indian Tribe w.~R.LeeFleming Director Office of Federal Acknowledgment TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 2 Regulatory Procedures ................................................................................................................. 2 Summary of Administrative Action ............................................................................................ 3 Membership Lists ........................................................................................................................ 4 CONCLUSIONS UNDER THE CRITERIA (25 CFR PART 83.11) ............................................ 5 Criterion 83.11(d) ........................................................................................................................ 6 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 6 Governing Document ............................................................................................................... 6 Governance..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • National Register Nomination for the Security Trust Company
    NATIONAL REGISTER NOMINATION FOR THE SECURITY TRUST COMPANY BANK BUILDING A Project Presented to the faculty of the Department of History California State University, Sacramento Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History (Public History) by Paul Rendes FALL 2016 © 2016 Paul Rendes ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii NATIONAL REGISTER NOMINATION FOR THE SECURITY TRUST COMPANY BANK BUILDING A Project by Paul Rendes Approved by: __________________________________, Committee Chair Dr. Lee Simpson __________________________________, Second Reader Rebecca Bunse ____________________________ Date iii Student: Paul Rendes I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University format manual, and that this project is suitable for shelving in the Library and credit is to be awarded for the project. __________________________, Graduate Coordinator ___________________ Dr. Anne Lindsay Date Department of History iv Abstract of NATIONAL REGISTER NOMINATION FOR THE SECURITY TRUST COMPANY BANK BUILDING by Paul Rendes This project determines the eligibility of and establishes a historic context for the nomination of the Security Trust Company Bank Building to the National Register of Historic Places as a commercial building, with an accompanying nomination form. Sources of data used in this project include county assessor records, maps, historic and contemporary photographs, city and county histories, city directories, journal and newspaper articles, articles of incorporation, architectural plans, biographical texts, and contemporary literature on historic preservation and architectural history. The Security Trust Company Bank Building is eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criteria A and C. Under Criterion A, the property is eligible for its association with the 1952 Bakersfield earthquake.
    [Show full text]
  • The Grapevine Route the Mexican-American War of 1846
    The Grapevine Route The Mexican-American war of 1846 marked the abandonment of the El Camino Viejo route in favor of the Grapevine Route as it was a shorter route. Plus, the San Emigdio Land Grant owners had created a working cattle ranch, and discouraged travel passing through their rancho. This rancho has been under ownership of many different people, including John C. Fremont and his partner, Edward Beale, both heroes of the Mexican-American war. Alexis Godey became the overseer of the rancho, who has a “legend” ranging from being a benefactor to the natives to being a murderer of the natives. (Currently, this rancho area is under the care of the Wind Wolves Preserve. Naturalists lead a 10-mile hike following the historic El Camino Viejo (hiking down from Pine Mt. Club to Preserve). The history of the development of the Grapevine Route cannot be discussed without mention of Edward Fitzgerald Beale. His impact upon the growth and settlement of this area, to his death in 1983, cannot be separated out from the local history. Beale arrived in California in 1846, as a Naval Officer serving under Colonel John C. Fremont during the Mexican war. Beale played a significant role in the lives of the local Indians. While the history of the Federal- Indian relationship in California shares some common characteristics with that of Native people elsewhere in the United States, it is different in many aspects. This difference is important to understanding many of the current issues in the mountains as to how the tribes have been affected.
    [Show full text]
  • Records of the Tejon Ranch Company
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8k361fb No online items Records of the Tejon Ranch Company Finding aid created by Sherman Library and Gardens staff using RecordEXPRESS Sherman Library and Gardens 614 Dahlia Ave. Corona del Mar, California 92625 (949) 673-1880 [email protected] http://www.slgardens.org/ 2019 Records of the Tejon Ranch 2019_02 1 Company Descriptive Summary Title: Records of the Tejon Ranch Company Dates: 1912-1945 Collection Number: 2019_02 Creator/Collector: Tejon Ranchos, Inc.Tejon Ranch Company Extent: 51 document boxes; 21 linear feet, 4 inches; 1 oversize folder; 169 photographs Repository: Sherman Library and Gardens Corona del Mar, California 92625 Abstract: The records of Tejon Ranch includes subject files, internal correspondence files, financial statements, tax files, lease files and photographs. The bulk of the records are from 1933 and later, although a few items date from the 1912 purchase of the ranch by Los Angeles investors. The subjects documented in the records include the governance of the ranch, including the records of the board of manager and board of directors, 1936 incorporation, and the issuance of bonds. The records also document daily operations of the ranch. Prominent subjects includes stock raising, farming, rights-of-way, historic Fort Tejon, hunting and flower viewing permits. Language of Material: English Access Collection is open for research Preferred Citation Records of the Tejon Ranch Company. Sherman Library and Gardens Biography/Administrative History Edward S. Beale, formed Tejon Ranch through the purchase of portions of four Mexican Land Grants – Rancho La Liebre, Rancho el Tejón, Rancho los Alamos y Agua Caliente, Rancho de Castac – the last being purchased in 1866.
    [Show full text]
  • UNLOCKING VALUE OCTOBER 2018 TEJON RANCH HISTORY Safe Harbor Statement
    UNLOCKING VALUE OCTOBER 2018 TEJON RANCH HISTORY Safe Harbor Statement Statements in or accompanying this presentation that relate to or are based on plans, projections, expectations, assumptions, future events and results are forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “may,” “will,” “should,” and their variations identify forward-looking statements. Many factors could affect Tejon Ranch Co.’s (“TRC”) actual results, and variances from TRC’s current expectations regarding such factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. The potential risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, market and economic forces, availability of financing for land development activities, competition and success in obtaining various governmental approvals and entitlements for land development activities. For a detailed description of risks and uncertainties that could cause differences please refer to TRC’s periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. TRC disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Investors are cautioned not to unduly rely on these forward-looking statements. 3 Tejon Ranch at a Glance Diversified real estate development and agribusiness company operating in five business segments Large-scale master planned residential
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Review of an Indian Tribe's Claim to Aboriginal Land in California
    McAuliffe: Stolen or Lawful? A Case Review of an Indian Tribe’s Claim to Ab McAuliffe camera ready (Do Not Delete) 12/27/2018 10:11 AM CALIFORNIA WESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL VOLUME 49 FALL 2018 NUMBER 1 STOLEN OR LAWFUL? A CASE REVIEW OF AN INDIAN TRIBE’S CLAIM TO ABORIGINAL LAND IN CALIFORNIA HON. BARBARA A. MCAULIFFE* TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 2 I. THE PARTIES IN THE TRIBE’S CASE ............................................. 3 II. THE TRIBE’S CLAIMS TO THE LAND ........................................... 4 A. The Tribe’s Claims Regarding the Right to Occupy ...... 4 B. “Title” to the 270,000 Acres ........................................... 7 III. ABORIGINAL TITLE, THE ACT OF 1851, AND THE TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO ................................................. 8 A. Aboriginal Title ............................................................... 8 B. Overview of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the 1851 Act .................................................................. 9 C. Cases in Which American Indians Lost the Right of Occupancy Under the 1851 Act ..................... 10 D. The Kawaiisu Lost the Right to Occupy Under the 1851 Act ............................................................ 14 IV. TREATY WITH THE UTAH ........................................................ 15 ∗ Barbara A. McAuliffe is a United States Magistrate Judge for Eastern District of California and was appointed in October 2011. Judge McAuliffe presides over various types of civil cases randomly assigned to her with the parties’ consent, including business litigation, employment, class actions, excessive force civil rights, and other civil rights cases, including the case which is the subject of this article. 1 Published by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2019 1 California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 49, No. 1 [2019], Art. 2 McAuliffe camera ready (Do Not Delete) 12/27/2018 10:11 AM 2 CALIFORNIA WESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL [Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Tejon Indian Tribe in 1934
    United States Department of the Interior OFFICE OF THE SOLICITOR Washington, D.C. 20240 Memorandum To: Amy Dutschke, Regional Director, BIA Pacific Region Through: Kyle Scherer, Deputy Solicitor for Indian Affairs Eric N. Shepard, Associate Solicitor, Division of Indian Affairs John Hay, Acting Assistant Solicitor, Branch of Environment and Lands, Division of Indian Affairs From: Robert S. Hitchcock, Attorney-Advisor, Branch of Environment and Lands, Division of Indian Affairs Subject: Federal Jurisdiction Status of Tejon Indian Tribe in 1934 On August 24, 2016, the Tejon Indian Tribe (“Tejon Tribe” or “Tribe”) submitted an application to the Bureau of Indian Affairs (“BIA”) requesting that the Secretary of the Interior (“Secretary”) acquire land in trust for the Tribe’s benefit (“Application”).1 The Tribe submitted its Application pursuant to Section 5 of the Indian Reorganization Act (“IRA”) 2 and its implementing regulations.3 This Opinion addresses the statutory authority of the Secretary to acquire land in trust for the Tribe pursuant to Section 5 of the IRA (“Section 5).4 Section 5 authorizes the Secretary to acquire land in trust for “Indians.” 5 Section 19 of the Act (“Section 19”) defines “Indian” to include several categories of persons.6 As relevant here, the first definition includes all persons of Indian descent who are members of “any recognized Indian tribe now under federal jurisdiction” (“Category 1”).7 In 2009, the United States Supreme Court (“Supreme Court”) in 1 See Letter, Tejon Indian Tribe to BIA Pacific Regional Office, Request to Take Land Into Trust, (Aug. 24, 2016) (The Tribe’s fee-to-trust Application contained a 19-page Introduction and 39 exhibits totaling over 300 pages).
    [Show full text]
  • Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement, Tehachapi
    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Cultural Resources 3.5 Cultural Resources This section describes the cultural and paleontological resources within the cultural resources study area. For this section, the study area is considered concurrent with the Covered Lands. Cultural resources include archaeological, ethnographic, historical, Native American, and architectural resources. 3.5.1 Cultural Resources Setting 3.5.1.1 Prehistoric Chronology The study area is located in the Tehachapi Mountains and southern San Joaquin Valley region, which has received less archaeological attention compared to other areas of the state. The majority of California archaeological work has been concentrated in the Sacramento Delta, Santa Barbara Channel, and central Mojave Desert areas (Moratto 1984). Although knowledge of the prehistory of the study area is limited, enough is known to determine that the archaeological record is broadly similar to south-central California as a whole and evidence of early use of the study area can be inferred from information gathered from the broader region. Initial occupation of the region occurred at least as early as the Paleoindian Period, or prior to about 10,000 years before present (YBP). Evidence of this early use of the region has been revealed by the discovery of characteristic fluted and stemmed points found around the margin of Tulare Lake, in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, on the Carrizo Plain, and in the Mojave Desert proper. These locations are outside the study area, but they suggest general use of the region during this early time period. Substantial evidence for human occupation of California first occurs during the Middle Holocene, from roughly 7,500 to 4,000 YBP.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnohistory of the Tejon Indian Tribe
    Ethnohistory of the Tejon Indian Tribe John R. Johnson, Ph.D. September, 2016 At the time of European contact, the southern San Joaquin Valley was a region of great linguistic and cultural diversity. At least eight different languages were spoken by the indigenous groups who resided in the valley and surrounding mountains. The Uto-Aztecan language family was represented by three languages, each in a different branch of that family (Golla 2011). The Kitanemuk, speaking a language in the Takic subfamily, were settled along Tejon Creek in the southern Tehachapi Mountains (Anderton 1988; Blackburn and Bean1978). Just to their north were the Kawaiisu, speaking a Numic language related to the Southern Paiute and Ute of the Great Basin. The Tübatulabal resided in the upper Kern River watershed of the southern Sierra Nevada, speaking an isolate language belonging to its own branch within Uto-Aztecan. The Yokuts language family, like Uto-Aztecan, had its greatest linguistic diversity in the southern San Joaquin Region. The Yawelmani in the vicinity of Bakersfield spoke a dialect classified within the principal (Nim) Yokuts branch of the family. Surrounding Buena Vista and Kern lakes were Tulamni and Hometwoli tribes speaking dialects of the Buena Vista Yokuts language. The Palewyami on Poso Creek in the southern Sierra Nevada foothills spoke a Yokuts language, distinct from the others (Whistler and Golla 1986). Neighboring the San Joaquin Valley to the south and west were Chumash groups speaking an interior dialect of Ventureño in the Castac and San Emigdio regions and a language or languages of indeterminate affiliation in the Cuyama Valley and Carrizo Plain (Johnson and Tiley 2015).
    [Show full text]
  • The Public Career of Edward Fitzgerald Beale, 1845-1893
    The public career of Edward Fitzgerald Beale, 1845-1893 Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Thompson, Gerald Eugene, 1947- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 11/10/2021 03:42:29 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565401 THE PUBLIC CAREER OF EDWARD FITZGERALD BEALE, 1845-1893 by Gerald Eugene Thompson A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 7 8 Copyright 1978 Gerald Eugene Thompson © 1978 GERALD EUGENE THOMPSON ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by Gerald Eugene Th o m p s o n ________________________ entitled THE PUBLIC CAREER OF EDWARD FITZGERALD BEALE, 1845-1893 be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of P h i l o s o p h y ______________________ Dissertation Director Date As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read this dissertation and agree that it may be presented for final defense. Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent on the candidate’s adequate performance and defense thereof at the final oral examination. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted' in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Overview of the Los Padres National Forest
    HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF LOS PADRES NATIONAL FOREST E. R. (JIM) BLAKLEY Naturalist and Historian of the Santa Earbara Eackcountry and KAREN BARNETTE Cultural Resources Specialist Los Padres National Forest July 1985 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1 .0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose and Objectives .................................... 1 1.2 Methods ............. ....................................... 2 1.3 Organization of the Overview .............................. 2 2.0 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 2.1 Introduction .............................................. 4 2.2 Hispanic Period 2.2.1 Early Spanish Explorations ........................ 4 2.2.2 The Missions and the Spanish Colonial Government . Missionization .................................. 8 . Timber Harvesting During the Spanish Period ..... 12 . Spanish Land Grants: the Ortega Concession ..... 13 . mpeditions to the Interior ..................... 14 2.2.3 Mexican Period . Mission Indian Rebellions and Mexican Expeditions to the Interior ..................... 16 . Mexican Land Grants and Secularization .......... 21 2.3 Early American Period ..................................... 28 2.3.1 Conquest' Years .................................... 28 2.3.2 Homestead Period .................................. 35 . Southern Monterey County Coast .................. 35 . Monterey County Interior ........................ 36 . San Luis Obispo County, Lopez Canyon and the Upper Cuyama .................................... 36 . Sisquoc River Valley ............................ 37 . Other Santa Barbara County Fiomesteads
    [Show full text]