122 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 18 The resolution California. Mr. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The the bill

part~ent to release this hotel. I only alone the ne~ds of the American armed hope that the efforts now being made, forces, but, also the needs of our allies. Percentage both in and out of Atlantic City, to let Evidence presented to the Ways and Arnori· Apparent these veterans stay where they are will Means Committee, and not contradicted· Year can pro-Imports consump- Do· duction tion mestic Foreign prevail. by anyone, shows that the watch fac­ produc- made The letter from the veterans follows: tories of Switzerland, controlled by the tion WOUNDED-PARALYZED-LIMBLESS VETERANS APPRE• German-Swiss cartel, supplied the tim­ ------CIA'l'E YOUR HELP TO KEEP THOMAS M. ENGLAND ing mechanis:nts used by the Nazi forces· 1926 __ 2, 089,393 2, 599,776 4, 032,708 4.5. 1 56.1 HOSPITAL AT ATLANTIC CITY to kill and maim hundreds of thousands 1927 __ 2, 281,303 3, 000,097 5, 221,968 43. 7 57.4 1928 - 1, 741,495 2, 600,343 4,280, 44.9 40. 7 60.7 TUESDAY. of our American heroes. In addition· it 1929 __ 1, 735,059 3, 400, 315 5, 088,434 34. 1 66. 8 Hon . JERRY VooRHIS, is understood that the German-Swiss 1930 __ 1, 327,065 2, 300, 029 3, 610, 707 36.8 63. 7 United States Con g1·ess, watch cartel equipped some 90 timing 1931.. 608, !)33 815,208 1, 416, 967 43.0 57.5 Washin gt on, D . C. 1932.. 434, S41 421,781 854,241 50.9 49.4 mechanisms factories in Germany to 1933 . • 391, 170 432,005 821,240 47.6 52.6 HoNORABLE SIR: Many of us at the Thomas better supply the Nazi forces. 1934 __ 815,000 831, 000 1, 646,000 49. 6 50.4 M. England Hospital read with great appre­ 1935 __ 1, 061,000 1, 137,000 2, 1&'!, 000 48. 1 51.9 ciation the enclosed report in the Philadel­ This same Swiss watch cartel, through . 1936 .• 1, 396,000 2, 131,000 3, 527, 000 39.6 60.4 phia Record of the interest you have taken its control of the Swiss Government, de­ 1937 __ 1, 504,000 2, 947,000 4, 451, 000 33.8 66. 2 1938 __ 965,000 2, 135, 000 3, 10Q, 000 31.0 69.0 and the effo rts you are making in our cause. spite promises in the present Swiss Trade 1939 __ 1, 290, 000 2, 700,000 3, 990, 000 32. 3 67. 7 The removal of the hospital is not only, Treaty with the United States, has re­ 1940 __ 1, 484,000 3, 267, 000 4, 7'51, 000 31.3 68.7 inhuman but very unnecessary. fused to permit the exportation of 1941_ _ 1, 886,000 4, 1G9, 000 6, 055, 000 31.2 68.8. We are enclosing a copy of a letter which 1942 __ (1) 5, 091, tlOO (2) 0 100 watch-making machinery into the 1943 __ (1 ) 7, 996,000 ~ 2) 0 100 we are sending tonight to the Washington United States. 1944 __ (1 ) 6, 912, 000 2) 0 100 Daily News, whose kindness has helped to 1945 . . (3) 410, 000, 000 (2) {?) _(?) focus public attention on our plight. Some years ago the Tariff Commission, The city ·and the owners of the Haddon following the protest of cotton producers 1 Producing timing mechanisms exclusively for our Hall-Chalfonte Hotels have offered this hotel and the Department of Agriculture find­ armed forces.· · · . which houses the main part of the Thomas z Supplied by Swiss-German cartel. ing that imports of three one-hundredths a Reconverting. M. England Hospital installation to the of 1. percent threatened the success of 4 Almost: United Nations Organization. We don't want the American raw-cotton industry, rec­ to keep the UNO out of Atlantic City but EXTENSION OF REMARKS we don't want to get put out. There is room ommended the imposition of quota re­ for both of us, as explained in o-qr letter strictions on imports, which restrictions - Mr. MANSFIELD of Montana and Mr. to the Washington Daily News. are still in force. KELLEY of Pennsylvania asked and were · Some of us are going to try to get to · The imports of Swiss-made watches given permission to extend their remarks · Washington so we can tell you the many from 1926 to 1941, inclusive, represent in the RECORD. reasons why :Atlantic City is the finest loca­ each year more than 50 ·percent of Amer­ tion' for an Army Hospital. We have given Mr. ROGERS of Florida asked and was · everything, our legs, our bodies; all we want ican consumption. During most of these ' given permission to extend his remarks · is a chance to co.ntinue uninterrupted on our years the imports represented more than in the RECOR.n and include an editorial: recovery back to useful citizens. The shoot­ 60 percent. From 1942 to 1945, incll.i­ from the Fort Myers News-Press: ' ing is over 'Qut the war will not be over for sive, while American watch factories · Mr. SPENCE asked and was given per­ us for a long while. Such real Americans were producing timing mechanisms sole- · mission to extend his remarks in the REc­ as yourself malte us feel our efforts were not ly to aid and promote the war effort, and ORD and include a letter from J. B. Hut- : in vain. If our fox-hole buddies who lived while the Swiss watch factories were through hell with us can only get our story, son, Acting Secretary of Agriculture, to they will never let us down, beca:use they producing similar timing mechanisms the Speaker. . -· know what war is. for our enemies, the Swiss watch facto- · Mr. PLOESER asked and was given PURPLE HEART Gl'S. ries produced additional millions of permission to extend his remarlts in the . T. ~·ENGLAND HOSPITAL, ATLANTIC CITY. watches which had full control of the RECORD and include a letter addressed to IMPORTS OF JEWELED WATCHES American market. the. President on the subject of the Army · The American watch industry is now and Navy merger. Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask in process of reconversion. It is essen­ unanimous consent to address the House . tial, if we are to promote this reconver­ . Mr. HES_S aslred and was given per- . for 1 minute and to revise and extend sion and make it possible for the con­ mission to extend his remarks in the my remarl{S and include a table. tinued existence of this highly essential RECORD and include a newspaper article. - The SPEAKER pro ~empore. Is there national defense industry, that we impose PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE objection to the request of the gentle­ a fair quota restriction on imports of Mr. MERROW. Mr. Speaker, I ask . man from Minnesota.~ jeweled watches. unanimous consent that today, follow­ · There was no objection. I have presented for the consideration ing any special orders heretofore en­ Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, some of the Ways and Means Committee and tered, I may be permitted to address years ago the Secretary of War, officially for the House and I ask the support of the House for 10 minutes, and that on acting for th e War Department, the War patriotic members of the Ways and Wednesday next, January 23, at the con- · Department realizing that a supply of Means Committee and the House to sup­ elusion of the legislative program of the and a reliable American source of timing port this legislation. day and following any special orders mechanisms were as essential in modern Following is a table showing the im­ heretofore entered, I be permitted to ad­ warfare as are ammunitions and man­ ports of watches, the domestic produc­ dress the House for 45 minutes. power, protested to the Secretary of tion, and the percentages thereof for, the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there State against the reduction of tariff years 1926 to 1945, inclusive. objection to the request of the gentleman rates on watches which would imperil This legislation is presented in con­ the continued existence of this highly junction with legislation already spon­ from New Hampshire? essential national defense industry. sored by my colleague the gentleman There was no objection; The protest fell on deaf ears and from Massachusetts [Mr. HoLMES], who, Mr. BUFFETT. Mr. Speaker, I ask America was again sold down the river. recognizing the needs of the country and unanimous consent that on Monday next When we entered the war the need for the need for the continued maintenance after the disposition of business on .the these highly essential timing mecha­ of this highly national defense industry, Speaker's desk and the conclusion of spe­ nisms justified the protest .of the War has repeatedly called the attention of his cial ·orders heretofore entered, my col­ Department. The War and Navy De­ colleagues to the need for this legislation. league, the gentleman from Nebraska partments' officials called upon the in­ The imports of jeweled watches and [Mr. MILLER], may address the House for genuity and skill of the few remaining jeweled watch .movements, as reported 15 minutes. thousands of American watch workers, by the United States Tariff Commission SOUTH DAKOTA'S JUNIOR CHAMBER OF employed in the production of American and the Department of Commerce for COMMERCE precision watches, to meet the needs of the years 1926 to 1945, inclusive, and the our armed forces. Fortunately, these domestic production of jeweled watches Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Speaker, I ask workers were able to produce-operating and jeweled watch movements for the unanimous consent to address the House 24 hours each day-sufficient timing same period, is shown as follows, in for 1 minute and to revise and extend my mechanisms to supply the needs, not numbers: remarks and include certain excerpts. 124 ·coNGRESSION A·L RECORD-HOUSE· JANUARY . 18 The SPEAKER- pro· tempore. Is there U.S. A. We will have it providing we do the 'future, what' do they ·get? A dash of objection to the request of the gentle­ not give it away. The first pack you are cold water in their faces, and a thst­ man from South Dakota? going to have thrust upon your back hand disappointment. Certainly, if we There was no objection. will be whether you are going to make a were able to get the pay to the boys in [Mr. MuNDT addressed the House. His loan of $4,400,000,000 to Great Britain. the far corners of the earth while they 1·emarks appear in the Appendix.] Let me say. that if Great Britain wants were fighting for us, we can work out $4,400,000,000, she can get it from the some kind of a plan for our disbursing EXTENSION OF REMARKS people of the United St&tes providing bureau to see that the money is on hand Mr. HOOK asked and ·was given per­ she asks for a loan like we would have which the Congress has provided to see mission to extend his. remarks in the to ask for it if we as individuals wanted tha.t these ex-servicemen are able to REcoRD and include therein a radio ad­ a loan, and that is to go to the bankers cax:_ry on their educations and restore dress he made on the USES. of America and say to the bankers, their confidence in their Government INCOME TAX DEDUCTIONS ON EXPENSE "Great Britain wants · to borrow $4,- which owes them so much. ALLOWANCE OF MEMBERS OF CON­ 400,000,000." The bankers are going to I sincerely believe that something GRESS say to Great Britain, "What security and should be done at once to correct this collateral do you have to offer?" I can gross· mismanagement and heartless Mr. MASON. Mr. Speaker, I ask show you that they have lots of collateral handling of a very serious and c·ritical unanimous consent to address the House and they have to put up that collateral. problem. Surely, sufficient red tape can for one generous minute. If they do not do it that way, the tax­ be cut by this responsible bureau, to see The SPEAK~R pro tempore. Is there _payers are going to lose the whole busi­ that such a condition does not continue. objection to the request of the gentle­ ness and you cannot force any more The news article follows: man from Illinois? taxes on your constituents. Great Brit­ CHICAGO, January 16.-A survey disclosed There was no objection. ain can put up the collateral she has of today an increasing number of stud~nts un­ Mr. MASON. Mr. Speaker, I have American corporations, part of which der the GI bill of rights are dropping out of been bothered lately in trying to make are as follows: 434,000 shares of Gen­ school, many of them because of long delays out my tax return insofar as it covers in subsistence payments from the Govern­ eral Motors Corp.; 177,000 shares of Ra­ ment: the expense allowance of Members of dio Corp. of America; 133,000 shares of Congress. I think others have been In the Midwest, students from all sections Amerada Petrol; 36,000 Chrysler Corp.; of the Nation have dropped out ,9f classes, bothered with the same problem. I 198,000 Standard Oil of New Jersey; a check with university and college officials have here an official communication 315,000 Standard Oil of Indiana; ' 130,000 determined. . which says: Socony-Vacuum Oil; 70,000 A. T. & T.; Charles E. Hostettler, vocational rehabili­ The income tax treatment of the expense 21,000 United States Steel, preferred. tation division manager in the Chicago allowance is discussed in a letter to Con­ If they put up collateral they will pay region, said, "More than one-quarter of the gressman O'NEAL dated July 20, 1945, which veterans who have entered college in this the interest and the loan to the American regional area under the GI bill of r~ghts have Was published in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD bankers. on July 21, 1945. dropped out since the peak last fall." If the Congress is foolish enough to do SUBSISTENCE MONTHS BEIDND the trick, it will be like the other loans Then I have this: Veterans and many educators asserted a In computing the net income, the amount to Great Britain-you will \vrite it off great number of the students had quit be­ received- the books because you will not and can­ cause their first subsistence checks were so not collect it-then your taxpayers will slow in arriving that they had to finance That is, the expense account- pay for your incompetence. I am op­ themselves for a whole semester or longer. may be claimed as a deduction by listing it posed to it. . We will always have a ·william Enters, adjutant of American Vet- as "fully expended in the performance of U. S. A. if we do not give it away. erans of World War II, declared: · official duties, subject, however, to substan­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. The "Payments are definitely slow and that tiation on examination of the return." time of the gentleman from Pennsyl­ auditing machinery should be speeded up!' Now, I want to say it was a mistake vania has expired. HAVEN"r MONEY OF OWN when we passed that law that we did not M!Urray Silberstein, field director of the ADMINISTRATION OF GI EDUCATIONAL American Veterans Coinmittee, said: specify in the law that that expense ac­ FUNDS count was not taxable. But we did spec­ "Many of the men who expected to be paid ify it in the report which accompanied Mr. GILLIE. ' Mr. Speaker: I ask promptly are waiting 4 and 5 montlls before unanimous consent to address the House their first check arrives, and they just haven't the bill. That distinctly shows the in­ the money to swing it." tent of Congress. If a test case is carried for 1 minute. · up to the courts, they would have to 'The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there APPLAUSE IN THE GALLERY abide by-that report which accompanied objection to the request of the gentleman Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, a par­ the bill. from Indiana? liamentary inquiry. There was no objection. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time of the gentleman from Illinois has Mr. GILLIE. Mr. Speaker, I read a gentleman will state it. expired. news article in the Fort Wayne cooperative tention to the fact that the Congress has to possible subject matter to resort to in order to make your subject more recep­ witness. He has likes, dislikes, hobbies, pet failed to enact needed legislation. t~kes tive. * * * Filing the evidence is some­ ideas, pride in certain personal accom­ Members of Congress, listening to that · what of a pressure technique. * * * Use plishments and irrespective of his position statement, which was factual rather a slow, deliberate, and methodical summa­ is still fundamentally human. In talking than argumentative, must have had about himelf, tlle witness will furnish you tion of the facts. • • * This crystallizes with many clues as . to his personality and brought home to them a realization not the witness' adverse position. * * • these in turn will point out the weak spots in only of what was needed but of their Don't be afraid of a little silence on the paz:t his make-up where you can more profitably · duty to act now. of the witness. • • * It generally indi­ direct your efforts to do the "selling job" For 7 long years I have endeavored to cates that his nervous tension is building up, that is inherent in every good investigation point out from the well of the House and which is exactly what is desired. * * * of a witness. elsewhere some of the evils which were If you have a ..particularly "hard to get at" Self-discussion is natural. It eases what­ witness and all other attempts to "coach" ever tension the witness may be under. It sure to follow the policy adopted by some him have failed, it may be appropriate to unions and which were certain to follow gets him in the habit of talking to you. It, "pile the evidence." • * • A second therefore, follows that he will more likely our failure to act. contact will have given the witness some talk to you fully about matters that he would I am personally familiar with the inci­ time to "stew" mentally- be unwilling to discuss if brought up at the dents to which the gentleman from Vir­ And so on. But, Mr. Speaker, I sug­ very outset of the interview on a formal ginia called attention. I heartily en­ gest that the membership read it in its basis. dorse the statements he made and the entirety. .Here is a technique that is in­ SWITCH THE BLAME conclusions he drew, and intend to send deed worthy of Scotland Yard·, the Paris When the facts in the case indicate that out to the- constituents residing in my Prefect of Police, the FBI, or any other another person may be involved with the wit­ district copies of his remarks. organization engaged in hunting down ness, phrase your questioning to transfer the WHEN HE SINGS, YOU WRITE THE MUSIC blame for the illegal transactions to the hardened criminals. Only in this case shoulders of the other party. This eases the Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask it is the technique for hunting down a tension on the conscience of the witness and unanimous consent to address the House humble grocer who inadvertently makes it easier for him to explain the posi­ for 1 minute, and to revise and extend charged 2 cents too much for a can of tion to you. · my remarks and include therein the beans or a humble dry-goods merchant For example, where a sale has been made who got 13 cents too much for a chemise. by the witness of an excessive price to John Techniques of Interviewing, which is Smith. ask the witness for details on how issued by the OPA to its investigators. To OPA investigators: Smith induced him-the witness-in order The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there TECHNIQUES OF IN4l'ERVIEWING that Smith could pay the particular price objection to the request of the gentle­ SOFT WORD • and made the purchase; not how the wit­ man from Tilinois? Avoid the use of harsh or incriminating ness came to sell over-ceiling. If you have There was no objection. words in the course of questioning a wit­ reason to believe that another party induced Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Speaker, "when ness, particularly one who may have some the individual to violate, let your witness degree of guilt in the transactions. know that you know that persons liKe the he sings, you write the music." That other party are pleading for goods, making· probably sounds a bit cryptic. And so it Such terms as "black market," "violations," "cash on the side," "over ceiling," "false attractive offers and that at times these may is. In fact, it is a bit professional. It is invoicing," etc., should be avoided because have been difficult for him to resist. Let taken from an instruction sheet to OPA they immediately place the blame on the him know that you put plenty of blame on investigators entitled "Techniques of subject and point out to him that he is a such operations. Interviewing." It sets forth instruc­ law breaker. KNOWLEDGE OF THE DEAL tions on how to interview a witness and In most cases the subject is already aware Make the witness feel that he is not telling get him to break down. of that fact, and by repeating such phrases you anyt hing that you already do not know. It contains some highly intriguing to him in the course of an interview, you Use your knowledge of the facts already suggestions. That is at least a chari­ tend ,to make him "clam up" and refuse to· established to convey to the witness by in­ discuss the very things you want him to talk ference that you know plenty about what table estimate. about. has been going on. Stress, however, that you Avoid the use of harsh or incriminating The following are only a few of the various are only seeking his personal confirmation words- synonyms that may be substituted: of these facts in connection with particular 126 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD---:HOUSE JANUARY 18

transactions that affect him. It has to be In any event, an aftlrinative selection of one of your subject and are then at a decided his story, not yours, and the fact that he tells of the alternatives will confirm the existence disadvantage. it to you will certainly reflect more credit to of the violation and start the breaking of the Favorable comment on matters of interest his position than if you are forced to tell it case. After the violations are established to the subject can do much to strike a re­ yourself in your report. we can, by further questioning, fix the true sponsive chord and open the way for intelli­ Sometimes the factual situation is such degree of responsibility for the violations . . gent questioning. that you can work a good bluff on the witness FACE SAVING because of your partial knowledge of certain SYMPATHY matters and thereby obtain full details and Sympathize with the subject over his par­ Give your witness a. chance to m1numze confirmation of his manner oi operating. ticular problems. If he is having difficulties the error of his ways in any irregular trans­ Caution: Never bluff yourself out on a tell him you appreciate his position and actions. This technique touches and some­ limb. If the witness catches you in a. blUff, •would like to help in whatever way you can, what overlaps the alibi or justification ap­ your leverage is gone and you are generally You have a. tough selling job to do to get a proaches. If he does no.t develop possible through as far as that witness is concerned. witness to respond properly. If he is having face-saving circumstances, feel free to create trouble understanding the regulation or get­ this inference in relation to some of the ANIMOSITY TO THIRD PARTY ting an interpretation, offer. to refer the facts he has already told you. The more Endeavor to ascertain the status and de­ matter to the proper authority to see that reasonable or plausible you make the wit­ gree of friendship between the witness and he gets it. Whatever his trouble, be courte­ ness' acts appear the more likely he is t-o third parties concerned in the particular ous and permit him a. reasonable amount of discuss those acts fully with you. transaction under investigation. your time to listen to him and respond in a Face-saving may also be approached from If you find either a lack of substantial sympathetic manner. the angle that now that the witness is some­ friendship or any degree of animosity, play Play upon his sympathies in · connection what involved, certainly he can improve his this factor up by inference to the witness's with his family,. his ~tanding in the com­ apparent position by cooperating with the mind. munity, his citizenship, his business associ­ Government and by such cooperation he will Point out to hi~ that possibly he is being ates, his lodge affiliations, his friends, his certainly attempt to redeem himself in the taken advantage of, is holding the bag, or business, or any other factor that you are eyes of others. This is the feeling that being played for a suclter. Show him that able to ascertain. should be created, but the investigator the third party was in a superior position should refrain from any promises when to have better knowledge of the law and SWITCH THE SUBJECT MATTER creatin~ this feel ng. should never have involved the witness. If your witness is a "clam•• or is antag­ Point out any unfair, competitive advantage onistic, switch the subject matter away from JUSTIFICATION that may be accruing to the third party. the direct points in the investigation. Dis­ Place your witness in the position of being Each little pin-point penetration that you cuss anything that he appears · to be inter­ able to justify or furnish his reason or rea­ make in the witness will make him want to ested in such as himself, his business. or his sons for his acts of commission or omission. sing to get even. When he sings-you write hobby. . Justification tends to salve whatever guilty the music. · Be observant of the surroundings in which conscience he may have and eases the nat­ AGREEMENT the subject . spends a good part of his time. ural reticence to discuss situation in which you are contacting him at his office or Don't argue with the witness. Agree With n he may be adversely involved. If the wit­ place of business, in. many instances you will ness fails t6 ofier such justification of his him even though it hurts. You are tpere to find evidences of his interests. Is his om.ce own· accord, create the inference .by adroit get the facts. If he damns the OPA, the reg­ well ordered and neat? A set of golf clubs, questioning or by your own suggestion. ulation, the Administration, the Enforcement mounted game heads, pictures of hunting There is considerable analogy between this, Division, or you personally, learn to "take it dogs, a volume on coin collections, and so with a smile." Directly or indirectly convey approach and the alibi and justification forth, all give clues to possible subject matter technique . . to him the impression that you think he is to resort to in order to make your subject probably right. In doing so you are selling Just because the witness' Justifications more receptive. Switching the subject mat­ may go opposite to the purpose of price con­ yourself to the witness as ~eing a "right guy" ter is definitely in order when continuing and thinking the way he d.>es. This plane of trol is no reason for brushing them aside. the subject you are on is getting nowhere Take notes when he is justifying. ThiS common understanding makes. the witness . or is creating a feeling on tae part of the feel that whatever be may tell you as to what makes him feel good and he may be telling witness which you do not want him to have. you the defense his attorney may use in his he did and why he did it will be understood For example. do not continue to pile up_ by you in the light that he desires: case. Further investigation should cover the evidence repeatedly if the witness is not any important defenses he brings up. Agreement engenders confidence. You reacting properly or is getting angry. must get his confidence to get his story. THINK IT OVER. FILING THE EVIDENCE When you get the story, you've "got" the case. If you have a particularly "hard to get at" ALmi This is somewhat of a pressure technique witness and all other attempts to "coach" and can be used for two purposes. First, it him have failed, it may be appropriate to Play up any reason, alibi, or excuse the affords the investigator the opportunity to witness may have by reason of what he says ''pile the evidence." Then conclude the in­ summarize all of the incriminating evidence terview with a statement to the etfect that or what you know about the ·circumstances or circumstances pointing to a violation. surrounding the violations. By affording the in view of all the circumstances and his posi­ Second, it provides an excellent method for tion in the matter, you feel sure that after witness the opportunity to present what he driving home the inconsistencies in the sub­ feels or claims are meritorious reasons for he thinks' it over he can come to no other ject's explanations. valid conclusion than to cooperate and fur­ his actions, you salve his conscience. He be­ .An example follows: Suppose you have ex­ comes more receptive to questions in point if nish the Government with all of the facts. amined certain documents which on their Arrange for a definite appcinto:rent with him he feels you are sold on his excuses. If the face may appear innocent. However, when witness has not offered any excuses lay the at a later time the same day or the follow­ considered in the light of other -facts or doc­ ing day or week, as circumstances warrant. foundation yourself to give him an opening. uments there is a strong possipility that a SUggest that undoubtedly there are some cir­ The second contact will have given the violation has occurred. The subject has of­ witness some time to "stew" ment&.lly, and cumstances that make his position more fered a verbal explanation of some entries understandable than appears on the surface. you will have given yourself another shot or circumstances tllat do not app~al' or sound at breaking him. The danger of the ap­ ALTERNATE QUESTION too plausible. proach lies in the fact that it leaves your The use of the double or alternate ques­ tf'sing a slow, deliberate, and methodical witness wide open to be either approached tion is sometimes an effective way to get summation of the facts as you go over eacb by other interested parties or to seek the direct confirmation on a given point. It document, entry., or circumstance you em­ advice of counsel, or that more material gives the witness the alternative of either one phasize the bad aspects together with the witnesses whJ may be placed in jeopardy by of two answers and whichever affirmative weak explanations offered. This procedure his testimony. Again, it is a. last resort. answer he selects pins down the fact you are crystallizes the witness' adverse position in endeavoring to get. his own mind and turns a mental spotlight FALSE STATEMENT For example, you are interviewing A con­ on the 1llogical explanation he has offered. This technique should always be the last cerning his records which s~em to indicate Don't be afraid of a little silence on the part resort on a witness who persists in false­ violations involving upg1·ading on the in­ of the witness during the process. It gen­ hoods or who fails to "break" with the per­ voices covering merchandise sold ·to him by erally indicates that his nervous tension is tinent facts you have good reason to believe B. So far, A has not admitted that this building up which is exactly what is desired are within his knowledge. condition exists, but you are reasonably sure He can relieve this tension by offering you Go along with him in his 3tory and wr1te that it does. Provide him with an oppor­ the correct explanation. as detailed a statement as possible. The tunity to SWitch the blame and alibi his posi­ statement will either have omissions of ma­ tion by asking: FLATTERY terial knowledge or deliberate misstatements 1. Wa:> this idea yours or was this idea B's? This approach is self-explanatory. SUffice of material facts. 2. Did he approach you or did you go to 1t to say, however, that care must be exer­ Upon either oral confirmation of the state­ him? cised to not overdo 1t and its applicatiKansas. Mr. Speaker, I put a ceiling price on raw cotton. This bill, Mr. Speaker, seeks to correct ask uiiani~ous consent that, following It was admitted by everyone who spoke two injustices: first, the stopping of dis­ other special orders today, I may address ·that a cotton farmer makes only 1 cent charge credits for overseas service as of the House for 5 minutes.' an hour for every cent a-pound he gets last September; second, the failure to The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there for his lint cotton. He is therefore toil­ recognize that service in the tropics and objection to the request of the gentleman ing and sweating in the hot sun for 23 jungles and in the malaria-, typhus-, and from Kansas? cents an hour, yet the white farmers of dysentery-ridden portions of the world There w:as no objection. the South furnished a larger percentage for a year generally takes as much from of their sons to the armed services in EXTENSION OF REMARKS a man's vitality as does a single battle this war than did any other class of pee­ campaign for which recognition has been Mrs. LUCE asked and was given per­ pie in America. extended. mission to extend her remarks in the They talk about inflation! Inflation Members of the Congress who have REcORD in two instances, in one to in­ is already here and is growing every day. been in the overseas theaters will quickly clude an editorial from the Hartford The Federal Reserve System attempts to recognize the justice of this measure, I Courant, and in the other an article about curb this hedging on the cotton market believe, particularly those who have been Alfred Emanuel Smith. of the small cotton buyer. That would in the Pacific. The drugs used to combat PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE mean the closing of the local exchanges, malaria and other diseases, we are told -the only place the farmer has of finding by the Surgeon General, are not true Mr. MERROW. Mr. Speaker, I ask out what cotton is worth on the market. preventives but only suppressives, and unanimous consent that the special order While that is going on, this same Fed­ the men who have had large dosages of ·previously granted to me for next eral Reserve System has raised the vol­ them are entitled to consideration Jor Wednesday be changed·to Tuesday, Jan­ ume of the Nation's currency from ·speeding up their discharge. · uary 22, following the special orders here­ $5,698,000,000 in 1920 to $27,825,000,000 Mr. Speaker, I commend this bill to the tofore entered for that date. in 1945. Everyone who knows anything attention · of the membership of the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there about economics knows that in a free House and shall .ask the Committee on objection to the request of the gentle­ economy prices are regulated by the vol­ Military Affairs for its early considera­ man from New Hampshire? ume of the Nation's currency multiplied tion. There was no objection. by the velocity of its circulation. EXTENSION OF REMARKS THE ADDITION TO THE WHITE HOUSE The price of cotton today ought to be around 60 or 75 cents a pound accord­ Mr. DE LACY. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I ing to the prices of manufactured ar­ unanimous consent to extend my re­ ask unanimous consent to address the ticles, and acco"ding to the wages being marks in the RECORD and include a bril­ House for 1 minute and to revise and ex­ paid industrial labor. If it were raised liant statement by the Under Secretary tend my remarks. to that price the cotton goods you are of Commerce, Alfred Schindler. Mr. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there now buying still would not cost 1 penny Speaker, this statement will run over the objection to the request of the gentleman more. allowable amount. I have checked with from Ohio? ..,his handkerchief I have in my hand the Public Printer and I am informed the There was no objection. cost me 35 cents, and it would take about extra cost will be $117. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, 40 of them to weigh a pound. The cot­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there my attention has been called during the ton in that pound of handkerchiefs objection to the request of the gentleman last few days to articles and pictures in brought th~ farmer about 23 cents; but from Washington? the press relative to the construction of the handkerchiefs made from it would Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, I object. an addition to the White House to cost cost you about $14. Raising the price ·Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask $1,620,000. ~ From the architect's draw­ of that cotton to 60 cents would not af­ unanimous consent to extend my re­ ings, at least, it appears this new con­ fect the s~lling price of the handkerchiefs marks in the RECORD and include excerpts struction would ruin the present lines of in the least. from telegrams that I am receiving from the White House and that hi$toric edi­ The cotton farmers are going to have both Europe and the Orient, especially fice would no longer be the same build­ to have much more for their cotton than Manila, congratulating me on my effort ing we have known during the past cen­ they are getting now in order to make a to get these men who have served 18 tury or more. I, therefore, suggest to the living. months or more, or who have dependents Committee on Appropriations, and to the The SPEAKER pro tempore. The at home to look after or who desire to return to school, discharged from the President as well, that it might be much time of the gentleman from Mississip~i better to provide the additional office has expired. service in order that they may return to space needed in some other building, and their homes. to expend $1,620,000 which has been ap­ ELIGIBILITY TO DISCHARGE FROM THE The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there propriated in clearing away the slums ARMED SERVICES objection to the request of the gentleman which e}tist within 3 or 4 blocks of the Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. from .Mississippl? White House and are a disgrace to the Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, reserv­ Nation's capital. address the House for 1 minute. ing the right to object, will the statement The SPEAKER pro tempore. The The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there of the gentleman keep within the allow­ time of the gentleman from Ohio has ex­ objection to the request of the gentleman able cost specified by the rule? pired. from South Dakota? Mr. RANKIN. Nothing that is done for the soldiers exceeds the legitimate EXTENSION OF REMARKS There was no objection. Mr. CASE of South ~ Dakota. Mr. limit. Mr. CLASON asked and was given per­ Speaker, I am today introducing a bill The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there mission to extend his remarks and in­ which reads as follo.ws: objection to the request of the gentleman clude a radio speech he delivered. from Mississippi? Be it enacted, etc., That, so long as the War Mr. HOOK. Mr. Speaker, reserving THE PRICE OF COTTON Department and the Navy maintain the point system for determining eligibility to dis­ the right to object, I agree that the sol­ Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask charge from the Army and the Marine Corps, diers should be given consideration, but unanimous consent to address the ,House . ( 1) ~very f!lOldier or mati:d_e serving· out.: under the circumstances, o.ther·Membe:rs. for 1 minute and to revise and extend side the limits of continental United ·States objecting to putting things into the REC­ my remarks. and its· Terrttories shall receive one addition• ORD, I therefore object. 128 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 18 . Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I just Mr. HOOK. I would not have objected the state of the Union and his Budget wanted to know if there is a Member of and have never objected to the exten­ message will be received. · the House who does object to these sol­ sion of remarks by any Member, neither On Tuesday nothing is scheduled as diers being beard. do I expect other people to object to yet. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The similar unanimous-consent requests. It On Wednesday it is planned to take up Chair calls attention of the Members to was only for the simple reason that the the independent offices appropriation the fact that in connection with unani,­ reqtlest made by the gentleman from bill, and to continue that on Thursday. mous consent requests of this nature of Washington was objected to that I am On Friday it is planned to tal~e up the necessity there must be a liberal attitude objecting to this. bill out of the Committee on Labor re­ oi tolerant viewpoint. The Chair has Mr. SABATH. Unfortunately, I re­ garding the return of the U11ited States never objected in the years he has been gret that anyone should have objected Employment Ser.vice to the States, pro­ here to the unanimous consent request of to the request of the gentleman from vided that committee has in time report­ any Member to extend hls or her remarks Washington because invariably he has ed out that bill and a rule has been in the REcoRD. Once objection is made, real information and matters of interest granted. of course, the thing goes along, creat_ing to the country that he inserts ·in the Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Can an unsatisfactory situation which none REcoRD, and has not abused the privilege the gentleman inform us when we may of us like. like some other Members by inserting receive the labor legislation requested by The Chair hopes that Members who matter in the RECORD which costs more President Truman? have objected will upon reconsideration than the rules of the House provide. Mr. SPARK.l"\\AN. That is not listed recognize the advisability of the custom Mr. Speaker, once more I urge that so far. The gentleman heard, I presume, that has continued and without regard both objections that have been raised the statement made yesterday by the act­ to one's views as to what a particular will be withdrawn. ing chairman of the Committee on Labor. Member might extend in the Appendix EXTENSION OF REMARKS the gentleman from West Virginia [Mr. of the RECORD, so long as it conforms with RANDOLPH], in which he said that it was the rules, will see that the custom of Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. the hope of the committee; as he inter­ years which has worked with extreme Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex­ preted it, to vote on some kind of labor satisfaction is preserved. tend my remarks in the RECORD and in­ legislation by Tuesday of next week. clude a letter with reference to a seri­ PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Then, ous jurisdictional labor dispute that as I understand, there are no plans for Mr. HOPFMAN. Mr. Speaker, a par­ threatens -to halt agricultural produc­ liamentary inquiry. tion in California. any labor legislation next week, as far as The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gen:­ Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, reserv­ the gentleman knows? tleman will state it. ing the right to object, and I assure my Mr. SPARKMAN.. It has not been Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, in view distinguished colleague from California scheduled as yet. ' of the fact there have been two objec­ that I am not going to object, but after Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the tions made, will that practice of object:. seeing the communistic mob that we gentleman yield? ing to each other's request to extend saw here in Washington on yesterday, Mr. MARTIN of Massach~setts. I their remarks in the RECORD be limited ana after witnessing some spectacles that yield to the gentleman from Michigan. to the majority side? are going on at the other end of the Mr. HOFFMAN. It is only for the pur­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Th~ Capitol, I have become more in favor pose of inquiring as to what knowledge, Chair does not consider that a parlia­ of bringing our boys home every day. if any, · the gentleman may have as to mentary inquiry. The C4air voluntarily I am reminded of Thomas Jefferson's what the Committee pn Labor may do. made a statement which the gentleman statement that if we cannot govern our­ All of the Republicans who were over from Michigan appreciates and under.:. selves, how can we be expected .to govern there voted to bring out the President's stands. · others. bill, with certain modifications, of course. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there I am wondering whether the gentleman OBJECTIONS TO EXTENSIONS OF can assure us'that we will get Democratic REMARKS objection to the request of tbe gentle­ man from California? support. Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I ask There was no objection. Mr. SPARKMAN. Of course, the gen­ unanimous consent to-proceed for 1 min·- Mr. McDONOUGH asked and was tleman is a member of that committee, ute. . given permission to extend his remarks and he knows what goes on in committee. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there in the RECORD. Mr. HOFFMAN . . No; I do not think so. objection to the request of the gentle-:­ man from Dlinois? ADJOURNMENT OVER • . EXTENSION OF REMARKS There was no Objection. Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. HOOK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I regret unanimous consent that when the House imous consent to address the House for exceedingly that the gentleman from adjourns today it adjourn to meet on 1 minute. . Michigan [Mr. HooK] objected to the re..,. Monday next. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there quest maqe by the gentleman from Mis­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the gentle­ sissippi [Mr. RANKIN] who has requested objection to the request of the gentle­ man from Michigan? unanimous consent to insert some letters ~an from Alabama? There was no objection.· . he received from servicemen overseas, There was no objection. · Mr. HOOK. Mr. Speaker, it has been similar to communications which I know - PROGRAM FOR NEXT WEEK brought to my attention that the gen­ most of us have received, urging early tleman from Mississippi did not object return to their homes and I know, in this Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. to the unanimous-consent request of instance the gentleman from Mississippi Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad-: the gentleman from Washington; that has not attacked organized labor. I hope dress the House for 1 minute. it was the gentleman from Minnesota that the gentleman will withdraw his The SPEAKER. Is there objection to who objected. There w,a..; nothing per: objection because I know that he is the request of the gentleman fro~ Mas­ sonal fn my objection ':1or .to the subject friendly to the boys overseas and that sachusetts? matter of his request. Personalities are he himself has several times sought There was no objection. not a part of my make-up. It seemed to to act and to speak on this fioor in be­ Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr: me at the time that it was a .matter of half of the early .return of all the boys Speaker, t take this time to inquire ·of principle. I stand on principle and the who are being held overseas, many of the acting majority leader as to the pro­ reference to ideologies by the gentleman them unnecessarily. Knowing his rec­ gram for next week·. does not bother me because I am a dem­ ord as I .do, I hope he will withdraw his Mr. SPARKMAN. 'In answer to the ocratic· American and believe· in justice objection. gentleman's inquiry, I will say that the for all men regardless of race, creed, Mi-. HOOK. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ following is the proposed legislative pro­ color, or nationality.· Therefore, I wiCl­ tleman yield? gram for next wee.k: dr~w any objection I' may have had to . Mr. SABATH. I yield to the gentle­ On Monday the Consent Calendar will~ th.e um~nimQus-consen.t request of the man from Michig~n. be called and the President.'s message on gentleman from Mississippi. . . ,_ v. •• 1946 :CONGRESSIONAL ~ECORD-HOUSE 129 The SP:EAKER pro tempore. Is there -declared surplus and are for sale by the All the people of this country need a objection to the request of the gentleman -Govermnent. reduction in the cost of living, in the from Mississippi, previously made? I do not think it is too late for the price of lumber, farm machinery, trucks, There was no objection. Consumers Goods Division to take action . electrical appliances, furniture, hard­ Mr. VORYS of Ohio asked and was .along the line I suggested. Included in ware. clothing, and food. The reduc­ given permission to extend his remarks this tremendous amount of property are tion of the cost of living cannot be had in the RECORD. 8,926,905 blue chambray shirts, 4,359,025 unless we have -greater production. DISPOSITION OF SURPLUS PROPERTY double-duty utility shirts, 1,852,820 cot­ There is no hope· for greater production ton utility jackets, 3,280,375 utility trous­ or reduction in the cost of living by the Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask ers, 6,010,566 dungaree trousers. course the President is taking. Every­ . unanimous consent to address the House I want to say that the disposition of one must know that it will raise the cost for 1 minute. :the clothes referred to was arranged of living and threatens the country with The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there prior to the time Major General Gregory a race between higher living costs and objection to the request of the gentleman became head of the Consumers Goods higher wages which in the end is most from Missouri? -Disposal Division of the RFC. I have likely to be of greater damage to the There was no objection. calle weeks ago last night our President, it::; methods of business to the public and That party has even been joined by the in a radio· m~ssage to the people, made a to the Government so that they may Communists and the Socialists who seem plea for action and listed a dozen pet • know their profits, and amounts set aside to have needed no candidate of their measures of his on which be asked the for future contingencies? No; they de­ own. Their purposes have been well people to express themselves to the Con­ sire to look into those books to learn what served. I am not now to blame and I gress. Last night I added up what the the estimates of future profits might be have not been to blame because I ha.ve response was from my district. I re­ so as to base their wage demands on what always been ready to vote for effective ceived 60 letters, 29 for the President's may be only the employer's hope as to legiSlation if and when presented to the message -and 31 in varying degrees op­ future earnings. House. I have generally refused to sign posed to parts of it. But that is three­ I have a telegram here from an em­ petitions to take legislation from com­ twentieths of 1 percent of the public in ployer of high standing in my district. mittees. I do not like that method. my district. It seemed to me that was I quote: But certainly I am ready now to sign a based on the Gallup poll test of scientific Fact-finding boards in the determination petition to force the Labor Committee sampling that a sample of three-twen­ ot wages, without question, would lead to to report bills. I now have to explain tieths of 1 percent responding to a plea Gpvernment setting of prices, profits, cost .of why there are no reports from the Labor of the President for action would show materials, operating costs, and future plan­ Committee. that the people are not very much inter­ in~. When I first came here they put me ested in or excited about the kind of It would lead to what? Socialism. on the Committee on the Public Lands. ~ action that the P~esident is pleading for. Will the fact-finding boards that we They explained that they wanted a man I believe that the masses of the people set up examine into a union treasury? from the East on that committee, who understand the situation; that the rea­ Will they examine into the productivity was not interested in taking away the son they have· not responded more vocal­ of labor? No. It seems to be another public lands. Members desire to be on ly -to the President's plea for action is one-sided operation. If we could get an that committee that -considers matters that they do not want the type of action impartial statement, we cannot now get in which they are particularly inter­ he pleaded for, and that they have con­ impartial action. It is inwossible under ested. Therefore the Labor Committee, fidence in· their Representatives to take the present administration. of course, has more labor sympathizers the kind of action that they want. · Has the time come when we will sit on it than perhaps it ought to have. I would like to ask the gentleman what idly by and see the safety and healtli of We heard a voice here yesterday from the response has been in his district to our people endangered by strikes? Are the highly regarded Member from West the President's so-called plea for action we not ready to pass a law relating to Virginia, who promised us action by the on these dozen pet measures which, in public utilities, on which our people are Committee on Labor. Can he deliver? my judgment, do not, whether they are so dependent? Public utilities are cre_. We heard also the voice of the gentle­ passed or defeated, solve the problems ated by Government and should be pro­ man from Virginia [Mr. SMITH], who that lie before this Republic. tect ed by Government. demanded immediate action. Were not Mr. GIFFORD The gentleman must Can we not define public safety? those promises and demaz;1ds reassuring? know the history of the State of Mas­ Calvin Coolidge, with whom I served I thank them for such statements and sachusetts. My people are not the kind so long, and with whom I was serving at wish our people would read those coura­ that are subscribing to those doctrines. the time he made that ringing declara­ geous remarks. The arguments o.f Rep­ I have received but little response as a tion, said, "There is no right to st:z:ike resentative SMITH were certainly con­ result of the President's appeal and the against the public safety any time, any­ vincing and seemingly unanswerable. majority of the communications I have where." Some think that declaration Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the received are against his suggestions. made him President of the United States. gentleme.n yield? • His scolding was largely directed at a Are the masses of the people of such a Mr. GIFFORD. Yes; I asked for the few Members of his own party who can­ mind that we can now depend on them extra time so that the Members might not approve of his policies. Consider to support measures that will protect take a part in the discussion. the full-employment- bill. With a debt of their own health and safety? I recall a Mr. HOFFMAN. The gentleman said $300,000,000,000, do my people want us to recent hurricane that devastated my vi­ something about the acting chairman commit the Nation to such vast expendi­ cinity. We were without light and heat from West Virginia. As I heard it, the tures and let loose all sorts of planning and telephone for some days. Fortun­ gentleman asked, "Can he deliver?''· committees to propose things to whet our ately it was not in midwinter. Mr. GIFFORD. Yes. appetite to spend more money? I do Although the Almighty may bring . Mr. HOFFMAN. Yesterday he cast not think my people would be ~nthusi­ about conditions like that, no man-made the vote which prevented the bill coming astic about it. Consider the FEPC. Has strikes should be allowed to deprive our out an the floor. He could have deliv­ that day come. when you cannot question people of these essential services. Are ered yesterday. your own employees' viewPQint? Shall we powerless? I do not believe we wish Mr. GIFFORD. Yes; I have his state­ you force me to employ a Communist? to tell the public that we are powerless ment here. He is very fearsome of the Are you to enforce an employer to pick and thereby invite their contempt. outcome of all this trouble. He is very men whom he knows cannot and will not They know that the Congress is the on,Iy fearsome of the socialistic trend. He has carry on his business properly? ·The hope they have. That is too true. probably read a statement of Victor title does sound harmless and does smack Appointments made for the last 12 Reuther which fully explains the end of American principles. But we know it years to the executive department have which the Reuthers wish to be attained. would cause much trouble, much vio­ be~n made with a viewpoint that they I quote: lence, and more law breaking than per­ should travel the road that has led us The strike is a step in the movement which haps anything ever presented. The pro­ to our present unfortunate situatiop.. in the eyes of Victor Reuther, associate di­ posal has been so splendidly varnish~d My judgment may be poor but my cour­ rector of the UAW policy committee, is aimed that it looks well, but will not stand age is not lacking. I a!p not e~cusing •at destruction of the profit system and so­ analysis. myself by saying, "My conscience would cialization of the mass-production industry. We must seriously consider the pro­ not let me." Often conscience and We have known what they desired. posal, although seemingly it has fairly cowardice are the same thing. · Are we frightened? I must have confi­ general supJ)ort. Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ dence in the masses of the people that I interrupted an advocate ot fact-find­ tleman yield? they will now support their Representa­ ing boards some weeks ago to ask, "Is Mr. GIFFORD. I yield to the gentle­ tives in courageous action to force settle­ there anything in that' bill wPich would man from Pennsyivania. ment of labor disputes. force either party to abide by the report Mr. -RICH. Does not the gentleman Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, of a fact-finding board?" It has been believe that 50 percent of labor t9day, will the gentleman yield? quick1y and fully 1llustrated that such eve~n those who are members of the CIO 132 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.-HOUSE JANUARY 18 and are asked to join the PAC, do not Mr. GIFFORD. The gentleman knows duce that rule to what it was prior to 1935 want to do what the leaders of the PAC what I think about it. Speaking of and give us a chance. want them to do? . generosity, our Government is expected Mr. GIFFORD. I thank the gentle­ Mr. GIFFORD. I have tried to believe to lend generously to Great Britain an­ man from Wisconsin for his suggestion. that and I would like to go on that as­ other vast sum of money. We havej>een I repeat again, that I dislike to give up sumption. Why, when a man joins a and will be very generous with other the orderly processes of the House union will he sell himself into a condition,. . people's money. Of course, they will pay adopted with 150 years of experience. I of slavery? He can work only by suffer­ us when they can. However, we are very can see the danger of taking a bill from ence. He must accept the decreed wage · doubtful of our collections, or of even a committee and bringing it before tb.e and must strike when ordere'd. If he is receiving small payments at indefinite House where it· cannot be amended. I out of a job, he must actually suffer even periods. But the diplomats and the hesitate sometimes to approve such tak­ though a job is offered at a slightly less executive department have promised ings, but I see the force of the gentle­ amount. Oftentimes his neighbor can­ - these generous loans. Shall we not be man's suggestion. not afford to pay the price demanded by forced to vote for it to save the face of But what the public is asking is imme­ the union. I cannot believe , they all our Nation?. My face is red when I diate remedy. What are these remedies? want to subscribe to those demands. But think what I may have to do in that They want both parties, both labor and the rules are such that he cannot get a . matter. But diplomatic failure has been management, forced to live up to their job unless he agrees to imposed con­ - the cause of much trouble. Did we not contracts. A contract means nothing to ditions. have to go to war as the result of diplo­ one side when there are no punitive dam­ I have in mind a· union in my district matic failure? Was not our fleet shat­ ages to be assessed. Even if they were, that has been in existence for 50 years, . tered in Hawaii as the result of. diplo- the ·treasuries are so large they would · the members of which are now ebliged to matic failure? Many fear that it was. not mind it. They will not object to join the CIO and pay dues to both unions. . But when our diplomats pledge our Gov­ peaceful pic)feting, but demand a stop The CIO has forced management to agree ernment-those· duly accredited and to this riotous picketing as was so ably that only those who paid their dues into elected officials and appointed officials described yesterday by the gentleman the CIO could be retained and employed pledge the Nation-can we refuse? from Virginia [Mr. SMITH]. They de­ in the ·mill. The old union is seeking re­ Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Speaker, will the mand that we suppress strik.es · when dress and hope that some particular case . gentleman yield? · the safety and health of our citizens is will allow them to take the matter to the Mr. GIFFORD. I yield. involved. Is that too much to expect of courts. It does not seem possible that Mr. KEEFE. Of course, I am inter­ the Congress? We do not wish to take these men are forced to join two unions ested in what the gentleman is saying. away the· right to strike, .but demand in order to hold their jobs. I have heard many speeches since Con­ peaceful ~ethods of settlement, espe- ' Mr. RICH. Can you tell me why the gress has reconvened on this single cially when it involves the safety and Congress of the United States and the theme. But as I have observed the tem­ health of the people. Army and the men in authority· in the perament Of the people, as it has been ex­ Many feel tha.t forcing the living up to United States would not give a contract pressed in my correspondence, Congress . a contract would. be highly effective. I during the war to any contractor -unless · is being critic-ized for inaction, for doing · will vote for that, but it means little as the contractor had the right to .compel nothing. They are criticized by the CIO long as the parties have large treasuries every man who wanted a job to join a and l~bor because they have not reported to draw upon. If we punished the lead­ union? Why did we ever sink so low? the FEPC bill, housing legislation, and ers, new ones would spring up immedi­ Mr. GIFFORD. I have spoken in the other legislation. They are criticized by ately, The answer seems to be that there well of this House many times on that other sections of the press and the public . must be different thinking on the part subject. I suffered intensely .when those because we have not enacted repressive of the people. The soul of our people defense plants were being built and an ' legislation or punitive legislation dealing has to be . awakened in order that they Army canip was constructed within · 7 with this so-called strike situation. -I may save themselves from a condition miles of my home. From its very incep­ will ·say to my distinguished friend from of anarchy and the loss of our de.arly tion I was called to visit _that camp often Massachusetts it seems to me it is time ~on liberties. I repeat, when you join a to try, and adjust their differences. Men . we began to face these problems with union you· sell your ·liberty. Can .we not without a dollar in their pockets were some spirit of realistic . thinking. I was make our people see it? Or do they not allowed to work at all in the begin­ impressed with the gentleman's opening now know it and are getting tired of it? ning, at a time when men were needed so statement. Prior to 1935 the minority Some strong voice may be heard in this badly, because they could not pay $75 to had some chance in this Congress. If . country sometime in whom the people a union .. the minority so desired, 150 names on a would have confidence and who would Other men who worked at unskilled petition would discharge a committee lead them out of the mess we are in. We types of jobs had to pay $25. At my in­ and force legislation to the floor of this · have been so highly trained to follow a sistence the union finally agreed that House. In 1935, as the gentleman re­ personality. they would take the fee out of their pock­ members, if he was here then, that re­ However, any personality generally ets weekly. What a situation. They quirement was raised to a clear majority, succumbs to a lust for power. T.his de­ had to join a union to work in a plant interpreted to mean 218 names. Now, sire grows and leads to more power and building for the defense of the Nation. if they want action-and that is what is a desire for the adulation of the people. But that has been the policy of the ad­ required-why does not the majority Let us present great principles for our ministration. That same thing hap­ amend the rules of this House to give the citizens to support, rather than build up pened in the South and in many sections minority a little voice, and bring back the a man to worship. of the country where there had previ­ rule that would allow 150 Members of I should not prophesy unless I know. ously been no unions. However, it has the House to initiate legislation by ·dis­ But I think I could point out principles been the Government policy. When the charging a committee? The 218 re- upon which the elections of 1948 would gentleman brings up that point he hits - quirement makes it almost impossible for be determined. me in a very sore spot. The people of the Congress as such to discharge a com­ Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ my district have heard my voice raised mittee from consideration of a bill. tleman yield? often enough in condemnation of that I offer that as a suggestion to the Mr. GIFFORD. I yield. policy. thinking of my friend from Massachu­ Mr. RICH. Does the gentleman be­ Mr. RICH. Do you not think the setts, who indicated in his opening state­ lieve that when there is a contract signed unions were very generous when they ment that he has long refused to sign dis­ by both employer and employee it should permitted the man to go to work and charge petitions, but he now believes the be carried out by each until its termina­ when they told him that as soon as he time is here when we require action. tion? earned the first $50 he could pay it over That is a concl'ete suggestion to the Mr. GIFFORD. My Yankee training to the union and then he could continue majority, if they mean what they say; taught me that. Make every barg.ain working and pay the balance? Do you if they want this legislation brought out clear and plain so that no one afterwards not think that was mighty fine of them to the floor of this House, so that coura­ may complain. to permit them to even get started to geous Members of Congress can cast their But if there are to be the lawyers' work if they joined the union? votes one way or t~e other,.let them re- "ifs" and "ands" in all contracts, how 1946 CONGRESSIONAL- RECORD-HOUSE 133 easily they can be voided. Amos said The· SPEAKER pro tempGre. The Mr. Speaker, on the 29th· of November to Andy, "Read your insurance policy on gentleman from Pennsylvania will have 1945 I introduced House Resolution 433 the outside to see what you get. Read to request time for himself; which is as follows: the fine print inside to see what they take Mr. RICH. Mi. Speaker~ will the gen­ · Resolved- away." tleman yield? Mr. RICH. This is the question that Mr. GIFFORD. I yield to the gentle­ Mr. Speaker, I am going to read the is in my mind with the steel strike pend­ man briefly. entire resolution for the purpose of call­ ing and the President coming into the Mr. RICH. I have something I want ing it to the attention of the House- picture. L-et me· read a part of the con­ to tell the gentleman from Michigan. Resolved, That there is hereby created a tract that was signed by the steel work­ Mr. HOFFMAN. The gentleman does select committee t9 be composed of 23 Mem­ ers' union and by the steel companies. I bers of the House of Representatives to be not need to tell me anything. appointed by the Speaker, .one of whom P,e quote as follows: Mr: RICH. I canno-t understand the shall designate as chairman. Any vacancy Dm·ing the term of thiS agreement neither thing~ they are doing today, and I hope occurring in the membership of the commit­ the union nor any employee shall (a) engage the President of the United States while tee shall be filled in the same manner in in or in any way encourage or sanction any he has the head ·of the steel company which the original appointment was made. strike or other action which shall in~rrupt SEc. 2.(a) It shall be the duty of the com­ or interfere with work or production at any and the head of the union down in the White House will tell them they have mittee to conduct- of the plants or works, or (b) prevent or (1) a comprehensive study of all phases, attempt to prevent the access of employees this contract and that they must go bGth economic and political, of the foreign to any of the plants or work. 'Qack to work and try to get reconversi.on policy of the United States, including a com­ It also provides: ./ started so that the country. will move plete review of ~mr interests in all parts o! on, so that ~e shall not be handicapped the world-suc;h study to be made with re­ During the term of this agreement the spect to each foreign country and each geo­ company shall not engage in any lock-out of and hindered by a grea-t steel strike at this time when •it is contrary to good graphical reglon, such as the :Balkan States, employees. the Middle ~ast, Central and South America, common sense, and is detrimental to the and so forth; and I say when they have signed such a welfare of the American people. I be­ (2) an investigation of the Department of contract it is up to both the union and lieve the President should assert him­ State and the foreign service of the United the steel company to ~bide . by the con­ self, bring out the big stick, and tell the ~tates. tract until its termination. head of the steel company and the head · Mr. Speaker, during the preceding Mr. GIFFORD. But as long as things of the labor union that he means busi­ are as they are would the gentleman speeches this afternoon, there have been ness. some references to realism on the part of make a contract with another party Mr. GIFFORD. . The gentleman is ad­ whom he knew would not and could not other powers. I wish to say that I came vising the President. I enjoy having back from the Old w·orld this past sum­ live up to it? the Members enter my discusstons. I · Mr. RICH. Vlhen the labor unions mer feeling somewhat depressed. The force a manufacturer or a steel company ,want to remind you that in my long serv­ subject which was most discussed was ..tQ make a contract they are helpless. ice here I may have become prejudiced, the foreign policy of the United States . The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time but I am trying to keep- an open mind, The question that was most frequently of the gentleman from Massachusetts although it is said that a man. who does asked was, ·what is the foreign policy of has expired. not know his own mind has not lost the United States? The comment that Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. much. . was most frequently made was, the Speaker, I ask unanimous ·consent that Mr. Speaker, I have much more that I United States has no foreign policy. the gentleman from Massachusetts may intended' to say, but I will reserve it for When one hears on every hand that proceed for ten additional minutes. a better time. My reason for asking for this nation or that nation, the Soviet The SPEAKER pro tempore

Messrs. VINSON, DREWRY, and COLE of approved March 3, 1925, as amended, to pro­ By Mr. RANDOLPH: New York. vide for tests of blood, urine, and breath H. R. 5175. A bill to amend the act entitled of persons arrested in the District of Colum­ "An act to authorize the operation of stands . EXTENSION OF REMARKS bia for certain offenses; to the Committee in Federal buildings by blind persons, to en­ Mr. JUDD asked and was given per­ on the District of Columbia. · large the economic opportunities of the blind, 981. A letter from the Assistant Director, and for other purposes"· approved June 20, mission to extend his ·remarks and in­ Administrative Office of the United States 1936, and for other purposes; to the Commit­ clude therein two letters. Courts, transmitting a copy of the detailed tee on Labor. Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask statement of expenditures of appropriations By Mr. SPENCE: unanimous consent that I may extend for the United States Court of Customs and H. J. Res. 301. Joint resolution to amend the remarks I made on my reservation Patent Appeals for the fiscal year ended Public Law 30 of the Seventy-ninth Congress of objection a while ago to the request June 30, 1945; to the Committee on Expendi­ and for other purposes; to the Committee on of the gentleman· from California [Mr. tures in the Executive Departments. Banking and Currency. 962. A letter from the Archivist of the ANDERSON] and that I may include there.; United States, transmitting a report on dis­ in excerpts from letters, radiograms and position of certain records of the American PRIVATE BILlS AND RESOLUTIONS telegrams which I am receiving from Consulate at Kweilin, China; to the Com­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private servicemen overseas as well as excerpts mittee on the Disposition of Executive bills and resolutions were introduced and from some speeches made here in town Papers. severally referred as follows: last night. Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, reserv­ By Mr. BATES of Kentucky: REPORTS OF COMI\iiiTTEES ON PUBLIC H. R. 5176. A bill for the relief of Elwood ~ng the. right to· object, will the total BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS David Arnold; to the Committee on Claims. amount exceed two pages? Under clause of rule reports of H. R. 5177. A bill for the relief of Clint Tol­ . Mr. RANKIN. No; I will say to the 2 XIII, liver and Gertrude Tolliver; to the Committee gentleman from Minnesota. committees were delivered to the Clerk on Claims. Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, reserving for printing and reference to the proper By Mrs. DOUGLAS of California: the right to object, may I ask the gentle­ calendar, as follows: H. R. 5178. A bill for the relief of Marian man from Mississipp:. if among those let­ Mr. FLANNAGAN: Committee on Agricur:. Antoinette McCloud; to the Committee on ture. H. R. 5135. A bill to amend the Agri­ Immigration and Naturalization. ters he is receiving from servicemen By Mr. LEONARD W. HALL: overseas there are any letters from any­ cultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amend­ ed; with amendment (Rept. No. 1476). Re­ . H. R. 5179. A bill for the relief of Mrs. l;>ody saying they want to stay over there? ferred to the Committee of the Whole House Marion M. Martin; to the Committee on . Mr. RANKIN. Not yet. In reply to on the State of the Union. Claims. the gentleman from Pennsylvania, I Mr. BISHOP: Committee on Naval Affairs. would like to say that I am receiving • S. 1590. An act to authorize the President PETITIONS, ETC. enormous loads of letters ·from fathers to appoint Graves Blanchard Erskine, major and mothers and wives of servicemen general, United States Marine Corps, to the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions begging us to do something to bring them office of Retraining and Reemployment Ad­ and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk ministrator, without affecting his service and referred as follows: · ' home. · status and perquisites; without amendment Mr. RICH. I am in sympathy with (Rept. No. 1477). Referred to the Commit­ 1469. By Mr. BRUMBAUGH: Petition of 200 them. tee of the Whole House. residents of Blair County, Pa., protesting the . The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Mr. HESS: Committee on Naval Affairs. retention in the armed forces of married men objection ta the request of the gentleman S. 1467. An act to provide for adjustment and especially all enlisted personnel who have, between the proper appropriations, of un­ served 2 years or more and calling for '!t com­ from Mississippi? plete review of the entire demobilization pro­ There was no objection. paid balances in the pay accounts of naval personnel on the last day of each fiscal year, gram; protesting the establishment of fact-­ PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE and for other purposes; without amendment finding· committees; urging strict control o~ labor unions and voicing anxiety over the· Mr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Speaker, I (Rept. No. 1478). Referred to the Commit­ tee of the Whole House on the State of the communistic trend that it is felt is an active ask unanimous consent that, after the Union. menace and a threat to our American form disposition of business on the Speaker's Mr. ANDERSON of California: Committee of government; to the Committee on Military desk and the conclusion of special orders on Naval Affairs. S. 1631. An act to pro­ Affairs. · · heretofore entered, I may address the vide for the payment on a commuted basis . 1470. By Mr. COLE of MiSsouri: Petition of House next Tuesday for 10 minutes. of the costs of transportation of dependents M. F .. Adams and 325 others, urging continu­ of certain persons entitled to such transpor­ ance of the OPA until the danger of inflation The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there is past; to the Committee on Banking and objection to the request of the gentle­ tation, and for other purposes; without amendment (Rept. No. 1479). Referred to Currency. man from Kansas? the Committee of the Whole House on the -1471. By Mr. GOODWIN: Petition of C:Qap­ There was no objection. State of the Union. ter 10, Disabled American Veterans, Massa.: ADJOURNMENT chusetts Department, DAV, to amend Execu­ tive Order No. 9538 so as to extend to all post­ Mr. KELLEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS office appointees and employees credits for Speaker, I move that the Hou13e do now Under clause 3 of rule public all seniority purposes for the period of mili­ :xxn, tary service; to the Committee on the Civil adjourn. ' bills and resolutions were introduced and The motion was agreed to; accord­ Service. severally referred as follows: 1472. By Mr. GRAHAM: Petition of Pleas­ ingly By Mr. CASE of South Dakota: ant Hill Grange, No. 1505, of the Lawrence the House adjourned until Monday, H. R. 5170. A bill to amend the point sys­ County PQJnona Grange, New Castle, Pa., op­ • January 21, 1946, at 12 o'clock noon. tem of the War and Navy Departments by posing peacetime military training; to the providing additional credit for overseas serv­ Committee on Military Affairs. ice; to the Committee on Military Affairs. COMMITI'EE HEARINGS By Mr. FLANNAGAN: COMMITTEE 0N THE CENSUS H. R. 5171. A bill to provide basic author­ ity for the performance of certain functions The Committee on the Census will hold and activities of. the Department of Agricul­ SENATE hearings on H. R. 4781 on Thursday and ture; to the Committee on Agriculture. MoNDAY, JANUARY Friday mornings, January 24 and 25, By Mr. KELLEY of Pennsylvania: 21, 1946 1946, at 10 o'clock a. m. · H. R. 5172. A bill to permit veterans to re­ (Legislative day of Friday, January ceive readjustment allowances for unemploy­ ment where stoppage of work exists because 18, 1946) EXECUTIVE COMMUNICA 'I10NS, ETC. of! a labor dispute; to th'e Committee on World War Veterans' Legislation. The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, execu­ on the expiration of tbe recess. tive communications were taken from ·By Mr. KNUTSON: H. R. 5173. A bill to establish import quotas Rev. Bernard Braskamp, D. D., minis­ the Speaker's table and referred as fol­ with respect to imports of jeweled watches ter, Gunton Temple Memorial Presby­ lows: and watch movements; to the Committee on terian Church, Washington, D. C., of­ 960. A letter from the President, Board of Ways and Means. fered the following ·prayer: Commissioners, District of Columbia, trans­ H. R. 5174. A bill to termi~te wartime ex­ mitting a draft of a proposed bill to amend cise tax rates after June 30, 19l:6; to the Com­ 0 Thou who art the guiding intelli­ the District of Columbia Tr!Ufic Ac~ 1925, mittee on Ways and Means. gence in the life of men and of nations,