' 334 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE ·JANUARY 18 To be senior surgeon, effective July 6, 1944 The Journal of the proceedings of yes The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Fletcher C. Stewart terday was read and approved. the request of the gentleman from Wis To be temporary passed assistant surgeon. ADJOURNMENT OVER consin? There was no objection. effective December 1, 1944 Mr. McCORMACK . . Mr. Speaker, I Arthur Kornberg ask unanimous consent that . when the PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE To be temporary senior surgeons, effective House adjourns today it adjourn to meet Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Deeernber 1, 1944 on Monday next. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to pro Ralph R. Braund The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ceed for 1 minute and to revise and ex Leslie McC. Smith · the request of the gentleman from Mas tend my remarks. Francis J. Weber sachusetts? The SPEAKER. Is there objection to To.be temporary surgeons, effecUve December There was no objection. the request of the gentlewoman from 1, 1944 EXTENSION OF REMARKS Massachusetts? Esta R. Allen There was no objection. William B. Hoover Mr. GRANGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask [Mrs. RoGERS of Massachusetts ad John D. Porterfield ·unanimous consent to extend my owh dressed the House. Her remarks appear Jack C. Haldeman remarks in the RECORD and to include in the Appendix.] · POSTMASTERS therein an article appearing in Collier's Mr. HALLECK . . Mr. Speaker, I ask GEORGIA Weekly. The Public Printer estimates unanimous consent to address the House Grady Richardson, Donalsonville. the cost to be $130 in. excess of that for 1 minute and to revise and extend my Jesse G. Scaife, For~ Gaines. allowed under the rules of the House, · remarks. ILLl!iOIS and I ask that I ma'y include this ar The SPEAKER. Is there objection to M. Elaine Bryant, Browning. .ticle notwithstanding the estimate. the request of the gentleman from In James L. Westfall, Crossville. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to diana? James C. St anley, Fairfield. · the request of the gentleman from Utah? There was no objection. Gei).evieve B. Livesay, Posen. There was no objection. • [Mr; HALLECK addressed the House. Kenneth A. Elmore, Quincy. Mr. HOCH, Mr. SULLIVAN, and Mr.; His remarks appear in the Appendix.] · KANSAS PLUMLEY asked and were given per EXTENSION OF REMARKS Reuben J. Wilhelm, Bazine. mission to extend their own remarks in Harold V. Luginbill, Greensburg. the RECORD. Mr. HOPE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan Joseph Lillard Johnson, Osawatomie. Mr. LYNCH. Mr. Speaker, I . ask . imous consent to extend my. remarks in Wade H. McDowell, Paola. unanimous consent to extend my own re the RECORD and include therein certain Gordon A~vis, Seneca. extracts from letters. Charles S. SII?-ith, Westmoreland. marks in the RECORD and to include an article from the New York Sun, and I The SPEAKER. . Is there objection to TENNESSEE• also ask unanimous consent to extend the request of the gentleman from Kan Louise C. ·Treadway, Pleasant Hil~. my remarks in the RECORD and to include sas? a resolution of the City Council of the There was no objection. City of New York. Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Speaker, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to I ask unanimous consent to extend my HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the request of the gentleman from New remarks in the RECORD and include York? therein excerpts from letters.· THURSDAY, JANUARY 18, 1945 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to There was no objection. the request of the gentleman from New The House met at 12 o'clock noon, and Mr. COX. . Mr. Speaker, I ask unani York? was called to order l.>y the Speaker. mous consent to extend my own remarks There was no objection. Rev. Bernard Braskamp, D. D., pastor in the RECORD anc:. to include a very of the Gunton Temple Memorial Pres thoughtful article appearing in the Jan AGRICULTURAL WORKERS byterian Church, Washington, D. C., uary 1 issue of the Pathfinder. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, offered the following p·rayer: The SPEAKER. Is there objection to I ask unanimous consent to address the the request of the gentleman from House for 1 minute and include two let Almighty God, hitherto we have been Georgia? ters addressed to me and to revise and the beneficiaries of Thy bountiful provi There was no objection. extend my remarks. dence, and we rejoice that in each suc The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ceeding day we may find our strength PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE the request of the gentleman from Ohio'? and hope in Thee. Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. Mr. · There was no objection. · We pray that during this new year Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that [Mr. BROWN of Ohio addressed the Thou wilt endue with special tokens of on Thursday, January 25, after disposi House. His remarks appear in the Ap divine wisdom our President, our Speak tion of matters on the Speaker's table pendix.] er, and all the Members of this Congress and at the conclusion of any special or who have been entrusted with the voca ders heretofore entered, I may be per EXTENSION OF REMARKS tion of administering the affairs of gov mitted to address the House for 30 Mr. GILLIE. Mr. Speaker, I ask ernment. May our beloved country minutes. unanimous consent to extend · my re continue to be the land of faith and of The SPEAKER. Is there objection to marks in the RECORD and include therein freedom. the request of the gentleman from New an editorial from the Fort Wayne News- Show us how we may find promising York? Sentinel. . and practical ways of meeting the needs There was no objection. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to of mankind of whatever race or creed. the request of the gentleman from In Help us to solve the problems of human EXTENSION OF REMARKS diana? relationships on the high and hallowed Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask There was no objection. levels of a sacred respect for human per unanimous consent to extend my own ASSISTANT READING CLERK sonality and human rights. remarks in the RECORD and to include Grant that we may be inspired to· es a newspaper article appearing in the Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, I offer tablish a new world order of social New York Sun. a resolution
344 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR:O-HOUSE JANUARY 18 particular committee has as members Mr. COCHRAN. Is no one going to I should like the chairman of the com the ranking members of both the -Com speak to the resolution at all? mittee, either in my time or his own mittee on Military Affairs and tl:te Com· .' Mr. JOHN J. DELANEY. The chair· time, to tell the House what the commit mittee on Naval Affairs of the House, man of the committee is not here, Mr. tee proposes to do next an.d about how men who are interested and who are fa Speaker. much money he will ask for to carry out miliar with the subjects that are being Mr. COCHRAN. He was here a min· the purposes of the resolution. considered. ute ago. If nobody is going to speak on Mr. JOHN J. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, w111 the the resolution, I will. I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from gentleman yield? Mr. JOHN J. DELANEY. Mr. Speak· Virginia [Mr. S:MITHJ. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield er, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, to the gentleman from Missouri. from Missouri [Mr. CocHRAN]. this committee was set up, as you know, Mr. COCHRAN. I may say that if a Mr. COCHRAN. I do not see, Mr. in the last Congress for the purpose of bill creating a department Of national de Speaker, why the chairman of the com in~stigating complaints of alleged ex fense is introduced, it should not go to the mittee, a member of the Committee on cesses or abuses of authority by execu Committee on Military Affairs, it should Rules, knowing that his resolution is tive agenci~s. The specific purpose of· not go to the Committee on Naval Affairs coming up, is not present. the· committee was to be able, when com but should go to the Committee on Ex- The SPEAKER. The gentleman from plaint was made that any department or penditures. . Virginia is present. agency of the Government had gone be Furthermore, may I ask the gentleman Mr. COCHRAN. All right. He did yond the authority vested in it by law. this: Is there any committee in the Sen not answer a moment ago. This com _to investigate and report the abuse to the ate duplicating the work of his commit· mittee was set up by the House for the House. We have done that in a series tee? purpose 0f determining whether or not of some eight reports. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. There is any agency in the executive branch of I have no doubt the gentleman from · no committee in the Senate on .this sub the Government had gone beyond the act Missouri, who has attacked the work of ject. in the administration of the law. As this committee, would be far more able Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, I yield 30 you all know, the Congress, in passing to carry on the work of this committee minutes to the gentleman from Illinois important leg-islation, generally adds a than I am or the members of the com [Mr. ALLEN]. section at the end giving authority to mittee, but it so happens that the com Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, the Administrator to adopt rules and mittee is composed of a number of mem it has been my privilege to serve on this regulations to carry· out the purposes of bers s~lected by the Speaker, including committee under the able leadership of the act. The claim has been made that myself, and therefore with such limited the gentleman from Virginia. We have in adopting those · rules and regulations knowledge and such limited abilities as had many hearings. We have filed re some of the agencies have gone too far we possess we have to do this work in ports which I think have been most ben beyond the law. This committee has the light of the intelligence that God eficial to the Members of this House. been in existence since February 1943. has given us. I regret that it is not Much good work has been done, and I It made several reports to the House, and greater. I regret that our work has not .believe that there is much more neces whenever it did make a report to the met with the approval of the gentleman sary work to be done. I hope this reso House a resolution was brought in pro:. from Missouri, but I cannot do anything lution goes through without a single vote viding for the printing of a large addi about that. against it. tional number of tHose reports which As far as I am concerned, this House Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, I move were then sent throughout the country. may continue this committee or may the previous question on the resolution. I noticed in the last report this com discontinue it. I do not care what you The previous question was ordered. mittee made, and i so stated before the do about it. It has been a matter of a The resolution was agreed to. Committee on Rules, that the committee lot of extra work for me and for the A motion to reconsider was laid on the went beyond its jurisdiction. It evi other members of that committee. . table. dently did not have any more agencies Mr. HARTLEY. Mr. Speaker, will the SWEARING IN OF A MEMBER to investigate, so it made a report rec . gentleman yield? ommending to the Congress how to Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I yield to the Mr. DINGELL appeared at the bar of gentleman from New Jersey. the House and took the oath of office. streamline the Congress. Among the recommendations was one that this com Mr. HARTLEY. May I ~ay to my dis SPECIAL COMMITI'EE TO INVESTIGATE mittee be made a permanent committee, tinguished chairman that his statement ACTS OF EXECUTIVE AGENCIES WHICH with a similar committee of the Senate is absolutely true. He was most reluc EXCEED THEIR AUTHORITY created as a joint committee. Evidently tant to introduce this resolution. It was Mr. JOHN J. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, the committee did not believe its own only after the committee unanimously I call up House Resolutian 88 and ask recommendations because it comes in voted that he should do it that the reso for its immediate consideration. now to continue its previous activity as lution was introduced. May I say fur The Clerk read the resolution.- as fol· formerly set up. ther that within 1 month after the crea lows: I also called the attention of the Com tion of the committee we had over 4,000 Resolved, That the Special Committee to mittee on Rules, when ! .had the report complaints from every section of this Investigate Acts of Executive Agencies Which in my hand, to the fact that it was noted Nation regarding abuses of authority on Exceed Their Authority is authorized to con that this committee had.a general coun the part of many agencies of the Govern- tinue the investigation begun·· under au sel and several associate counsel. Look ment. · thority of House Resolution 102, of the Sev ing over the membership of the commit Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I thank the enty-eighth Congress, and for such purposes tee, it appeared to me as if all but one gentleman. said committee shall have the same power member of the committee are lawyers and authority as that conferred upon it by The gentleman from Missouri has said Hous·e Resolution 102 of the Seventy themselves, and then they had to have complained that this committee has eighth Congress. several lawyers to advise the committee. exceeded its authority. As I say, we . I think extreme care should be used had to work in the light of what we Mr. JOHN J. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, in the appointment of help by special conceived to be our duty without the I shall later yield 30 minutes to the gen committees. I do not want to make the guiding hand of the gentleman from tlem~n - from Indiana [Mr. HALLECK]. charge that some of the committees are Missouri, but I should like the House Mr. Speak~r. we have no requests for set up for the purpose of creating jobs, to know just what w.e thought our duties time on this side of the House· for any but they certainly do create jobs, rio were and how we went about carrying discussion on this resolution, for the doubt about that. I cannot see the wis- · them out. same resolution was passed last year by dom of a committee of this House need We investigated the complaints that the Congress. ing several lawyers to advise them. I came to us and after this investigation, Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, will the think one shoulq be sufficient, especially which ran on for nearly 2 years, we came aentleman yield? - when the chairman of the committee is to certain definite conclusions as to how Mr. JOHN J. DELANEY. I yield to the a distinguished jurist himself having some of those defects might be remediecl. gentleman from ·Missouri. served on the bench. We filed two final reports, which the ) .1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 345 gentleman from Missouri has criticized, nothing to do with the McCarran com- The SPEAKER. The time of the gen- and one of those reports recommended ·mittee. ' tleman has again expired. · to the Congress that· in order to cure Mr. COCHRAN. I hope your commit .. Mr. JOHN J. DELANEY. Mr. Speak this matter of havi~ continual com tee is not doing the same work as the er, does the gentleman fr'om Illinois de plaints about abuses of authority by ex McCarran committee. sire to yield some of his time? ecutive agencies the Congress should en Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I would not Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, act for the benefit of the public and for know anything about the Senator Me .. I have no request for time on this side. the benefit of these agencies themselves Carran set-up. He operates in the Sen I supported this resolution before and I an act on administrative procedure, an ate and we operate in the House. am supporting it now. I think we are all administrative-law act, so that all agen Mr. COCHRAN. Then it matters not very conscious of the growth of admin cies would act along the same lines of to the gentleman whether there is a du istrative agencies in the Government and procedure. plication of work or not? of the very profound duty and responsi We pass an act setting up an agency Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I would not bility which rests upon the Congress to and we do not tell that agency, or de say that it does not matter to me but if keep the administration within bounds. fine or spell out, its authority, or its there is a duplication of work it is not I am therefore supporting the resolution. method of procedure. The result is that the only duplication of work to be found I have no request for time and so far each new agency of the Government around here and I would very much like as I am concerned the gentleman from which is set up is left in a situation where to assist in preventing such duplication. New York might move the previous ques it must make its own regulations and it Mr. COCHRAN. That js what I want tion. must formulate its own methods of pro to stop. Will the gentleman tell the Mr. JOHN J. DELANEY. Mr. Speak c.edure. These agencies in their meth House how much money he expects to ask er, I move the previous question. ods of procedure vary one from the for the operation of his committee? The previous question was ordered. other. For the benefit of the agencies Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I think the The SPEAKER. The question is on and for the benefit of the public which Committee on Accounts gave us for the agreeing to the resolution. has to deal with them we .felt -very em last 2 years $50,000, and then we got The question was taken; and the phatically that there should be some $1,500 more. I am unable to predict what Speaker announced that the ayes ap administrative law by which a person the expenses of this committee will be in peared to have it. who was haled before one of these agen the next Congress because I do not know Mr. HOOK. Mr. Speaker, I object to cies would know, just as he would know what complaints are going to come in or the vote on the ground there is not a when he went into a court of law, what what work the committee will have to do. quorum present. the procedure was and what the methods I can assure the gentleman from Mis The SPEAKER. The Chair · will and the rules of the organization were; souri that as usual this committee is count. (After counting.] Evidently no and that they should be uniform so that going to be ver.y economical in its opera quorum is present. The Doorkeeper will when he went into one agency today and tions and expenditures. close the doors, the Sergeant at Arms into another one tomorrow he would Mr. JOHN J. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, will notify absent Mei:nbers, and the find the same method of procedure and will the gentleman yield? Clerk will call the roll. the same method of pleading. That was Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I yield to the The Clerk called the roll; and there one conclusion. The other conclusion gentleman from New York. were-yeas 254, nays 55, not voting 117, which we very definitely came to was Mr. JOHN J. DELANEY. Is it not a as follows: that much of the difficulty which arose fact that when the committee went be [Roll No. 5] in executive agencies by abuses or ex fore the Committee on Accounts they YEAB-254 cessive use of the authority granted to wanted to give us almost voluntarily Abernethy Clevenger Gwinn, N.Y. them was in the drafting of legislation; $rOO,OOO to start this work and that you Allen,m. Cole, Kans. Gwynne, Iowa that the Congress was ill adapted to refused and you said you wanted the Allen·, La. Cole, Mo. Hagen draft legislation. Legislation very often, minimum amount? Andersen, Cole, N.Y. Hale H. Carl Colmer Hall, as you all know, is drafted by the agen Mr. SMITH of Virginia. That was Anderson, Cooper Edwin Arthur cies which expect to construe and carry suggested as I recall. N.Mex. Courtney Hall, out the proposed legislation. · Andrews, N.Y. Cox Leonard W. Mr. COCHRAN. Wanted to give the Angell cravens Halleck The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Committee $100,000? Arends CraWford Hancock Virginia has consumed 5 minutes. Mr. JOHN J. DELANEY. The com Arnold Curley Hare Mr. JOHN J. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, mittee wanted to give us $100,000 to start Auchincloss Curtis Harless, Ariz. I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from Bailey D' Alesandro Harness, Ind. this work. ·· Barden Daughton, Va. Harris Virginia [Mr. SMITH]. Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I want to as Barrett, Wyo. Davis Hartley Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Therefore, Barry Delaney, Havenner Mr. Speaker, conceiving it to be our duty, sure the gentleman from New York that Bates, Ky. James J. Hays · that was not the suggestion of the gen Bates, Mass. Delaney, Hebert although we may be wrong about it, tleman from Missouri. Beall John J. Hedrick nevertheless we did file a report recom Beckworth Dirksen Hendricks mending certain changes in the method Mr. COCHRAN. It most certainly was Bennet, N.Y. Dolliver Henry of operation of the Congress itself, and not. Bennett, Mo. Dondero Herter Mr. JOHN J. DELANEY. I agree that Bishop Doughton, N,C. Heselton additional staffing for legislation, and for Blackney Drewry Hess a rather permanent committee that it was not the suggestion of the gentle .. Bland Durham Hinshaw man from Missouri. Bloom Dworshak Hobbs would keep guard over the procedures of Bolton Earthman Hoch executive agencies and report to the Con Mr. JENNINGS. Mr. Speaker, will the Bonner Elliott Hoffman gress from time to time when it did come gentleman yield? Boren Ellsworth Holifield in contact with abuses of authority by Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I yield. Bradley, Mich. Engel, Mich. Holmes, Wash. Mr. JENNINGS. Is it not a fact that Brehm. Ervin Hope executive agencies. Brooks Fallon Horan Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, will the people came before this committee in Brown, Ga. Fellows Howell gentleman yield? Washington from all over the United Brown, Ohio Fernandez Izac States? Bryson Fisher Jenkins · Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I will be glad Bunker Flannagan Jennings to yield to the gentleman from. Mis Mr. SMiTH of Virginia. Yes, sir; they Butler Fuller Jensen souri. came from Maine to California. Byrnes, Wis. Gathings Johnson, Calif. camp Gearhart Johnson, Ill. Mr. COCHRAN. To what extent does Mr. JENNINGS: And when we would Cannon, Fla.. Geelan Johnson, Ind. this committee and the McCarran com.. hear the party who complained, we would carlson Gibson Johnson, mittee in the Senate conflict? call the repr~sentatives of the agencies Carnahan Gifford Luther A. case, N. J, Gillespie Johnson, Okla. Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Well, I can before the committee and in many in Chelf Gillie Jones not answer that question. stances after hearing both sides the whole Chenoweth Goodwin Jonkman Mr. COCHRAN. That committee is matter was amicably adjusted and the Chiperfl.eld Gossett Kean Church Granger Kearney doing the same type of work. complaints were discontinued? Clark Grant, Ind. Keefe Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I cannot Mr. SMITH of Virginia. That hap-< Clason Gregory Kelley, Pa. cnswer that question because I have pened in ver~ many instances, Clements Griffiths K'err 346 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 'JANUARY 18. Kilburn Philbin Sparkman The Clerk announced the following I have no further request for time. Kilday Phillips Springer King Pickett Stefan . pairs: Does the gentleman from Illinois have Landis P~ttenger Stevenson · General pairs: any request "for time? Larcade Plumley Stewart Mr. Outland with Mr. Taylor. Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. No· request for Lea Price, Fla. Stigler LeCompte Priest Stockman Mr. Heffernan with Mr. Short. time on this side. LeFevre Rains Sullivan Mr. Coffee with Mr. Anderson of California. Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, Lemke Ramey Sumner,Dl. Mr. Keogh with Mr. Baldwin of New York. I move the previous question on the reso Lewis Ramspeck_ Sumners Tex. Mr. Hart with Mr. Canfield. Luce Rankin Sundstrom Mr. Robinson of Utah with Mr. Ploeser. lution. Lyle Reece,-Tenn. Talbot Mr. Byrne of New York with Mr. Eaton. · The previous question was ordered. McQormack Reed, Til. Talle The resolution was agreed to. McCowen Bees, Kans. Tarver Mr. Morrison with Mr. Reed of New York. McDonough Richards Thomas, Tex. Mr; Lane with Mr. Elston. _,. motion to reconsider was laid on the McGregor Riley Thomason Mr. Torrens with Mr. Gamble. table. McKenzie Rivers "1I'olan Mr. Buckley with Mr. Sl}.afer. McMillen, lll. Rizley Traynor Mr. Feighan with Mr. Graham. JOINT COMMITI'EE ON-THE ORGANIZA· Mahon Robertson, Trimble Mr. Burch with Mr. Holmes of Massachu• TION OF .THE CONGRESS Maloney. N.Dak. Vinson setts. Manasco Robertson, Va. Voorhis, Calif Mr. O'Toole with Mr. Weichel. Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I call up Mansfield, Tex. Robsion, Ky. Vursell House Concurrent Resolution 18 for im Martin, Iowa Rockwell Walter Mr. Andrews of Alabama with Mr. Wolfen"" Martin, Mass. Roe,Md. Wasielewski den of Pennsylvania. mediate consideration. Mason Rogers, Fla. Weaver Mr. Pfeifer with Mr. Knutson. The Clerk re..ad as. follows: May Rogers Mass. West Mr. Boykin with Mr. Powers. Michener Rogers, N.Y. Whitten Resolved by the House of Representatives Mr. Randolph with Mr. Rogers of Pennsyl:. "(the Senate concurring), That there is here· Monroney Sasscer Whittington Vania. Mundt Schwabe, Mo. Wickersham by established a Joint Committee on the Murray, Tenn. Schwabe, Okla. Wigglesworth · :Mr. Baldwin of Maryland with Mr. Taber. Organization of the Cnngress (hereinafter Murray, Wis. Scrivner Wilson Mr. Rooney with Mr. Wolcott. · referred to as the committee) to ·be com· Norrell Sharp Winstead Mr. Gorski with Mr. Wadsworth. posed of 6 ·Members of tne Senate (not O'Hara. Simpson, Ill. Woodruff, Mich. Mr. Rayfiel with Mr. Thomas of New Jersey. more than 3 of whom shall be members O'Neal Slaughter Woodrum Va.. Mr. Lanham with Mr. Wolverton of New Pace Smith, Maine Worley / Jersey. . · of the majority party) to be appointed by Patman Smith, Ohio Zimmerman the President of the Senate, and 6 Mem Peterson, Fla. Smith, Va. Mr. Somers of New York with Mr. Bender. bers of the House of Representatives (not Peterson, Ga. Smith, Wis. The result of the vote was announced more than 3 of whom shali be members NAYS-55 as above recorded. of the majority party) to be appointed by the Speaker of the House .of Representatives. Barrett, Pa.. Granahan Patterson A motion to reconsider was laid on the B!emiller Green , Powell Vacancies in the membership of the com Bradley, Pa. Healy Price,m. table. mittee shall not affect the power of the re Bulwinkle Hook Quinn,N. Y. The doors· were opened. maining members to execute the functions Cannon, Mo. Huber Rabaut . of the committee, and shall be filled in the Celler Hull Rabin COMMITI'EE ON CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE . same manner as in the case of the original Cochran Kee Resa selection. The committee shall select a Crosser Kirwan Roe,N. Y. Dawson Kopplemann Rowan · Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker. chairman and a. vice chairman from among DeLacy Lesim>ki Ryter I call up for immediate consideration its members. No recommendation shall be Dickstein Ludlow Sadowski made by the committee except upon a ma Dingell Lynch Savage · House Resolution 75, to continue the in jority vote of the members representing Douglas, Calif. Madden Sheppard vestigation by the Special Committee to each House, taken separately. Douglas, Ill. Marcantonio Spence Investigate All Matters Pertaining to the SEc. 2. The committee shall make a full Doyle Miller, Calif. Starkey Flood Neely Welch Replacement and Conservation of Wild and complete study of the organization and Folger Norton Woodhouse life. operation of the Congress of the United Forand O'Brien,m. . The Clerk read the resolution, as fol States and shall recommend improvements Gordon Patrick lows: in such organization and operation with a NOT VOTING-117 view toward strengthening the Congress, Resolved, That the Special Committee to simplifying its operations, improving its Adams Gorski O'Konski Anderson, Calif. Graham O'Toole Investigate All Matters Pertaining to the Re· relationships with other branches of the Andresen, Grant, Ala. Outland placement and Conservation of Wildlife is au· United States Government, and enabling it August H. Gross Pfeifer thorized to continue the investigation begun better to meet its responsibilities under the Andrews Ala. Hand. Ploeser under authority of House -Resolution 237 of Constitution. This study shall include, but Baldwin, Md. Hart Poage the seventy-third Congres&, continued-under shall l).Ot be limited to, the organization and Baldwin, N.Y. Heffernan Powers ·authority ,of House Resolution 44 of the operation of each House of the Congress; the · Beil Heidinger Randolph relationship between the two Houses; the Bender Hill Rayfiel · Seventy-fourth Cong.ress, House Resolution Boykin Hoeven Reed, N.Y. 11 of the Seventy-fifth Congress, House Res relationships between the Congress and Brumbaugh Holmes, Mass. Rich olution 65 of the Seventy-sixth Congress, other branches of the Government; the em Buck Jarman Robinson, Utah House Resolution 49 of the Seventy-seventh ployment and remuneration of officers and Buckley Johnson, Rodgers, Pa. Congress, and House Resolution 20 of the employees of the respectiV·"' Houses, and Buffett Lyndon B. Rooney Seventy-eighth Congress, ~d for such pur officers and employees of the committees and Burch Judd Russell poses said committee shall have the same Memb~rs of Qongress; and the structure of, Burgin Kefauver Sabath and the relationships between, the various Byrne, N.Y. Kelly, Til, Satterfield ,power and authority as that conferred upon standing, special, and select committees of Campbell ~eogh Shafer it by said House Resolution 237 of the Canfield Kinzer Sheridan Seventy-third Congress, and shall report to the Congress: Provided, That nothing in this case, S.Dak. Knutson Short the House as soon as practicable, but not concurrent resolution shall be construed to Coffee Kunkel Simpson, Pa. later than January 3, 1947, the results of its authorize the committee to make any Combs LaFollette · Snyder investigations, together with its recom· recommendations with respect to the time Cooley Lane Somers, N. Y. or manner of, or the parliamentary rules or Corbett Lanham Taber m(mdations, for necessary legislation. Cunningham Link Taylor procedure governing, the consideration of Domengeaux McConnell Thorn Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, ahy matter on the floor of either House. Eaton · McGehee Thomas, N.J. this is a resolution which continues the SEC. 3. (a) The committee, or any duly Eberharter McGlinchey Tibbott House Committee on the Conservation of authorized subcommittee thereof, is aut1wr Ellis · McMillan, S. C. Torrens Wildlife which has been in eXistence. for ized to sit and act at such places and times Elsaesser Mansfield, Towe during the sessions, recesses, and adjourned Elston Mont. Vorys, Ohio some 10. years. It involves the expendi periods of the Seventy-ninth Congress, to Engle, Calif. Merrow Wadsworth ture of a very small s\lDl each year. It is Feighan Miller, Neb.r. Weichel require by subpena or otherwise the attend Fenton Mills Weiss .a committee which meets with universal ance of such witnesses and the production Gallagher Morgan White approval. A great many 'Members of the of such books, papers, and documents, to Gamble Morris.on Winter House and many people throughout the administer such oaths, to take such testi Gardner Mott Wolcott mony, to procure such printing and binding, Gavin Murdock Wolfenden, Pa. country have urged the continuance of Gerlach Murphy Wolverton, N.J. this committee. It has been the practice and to make such expenditures as it deems Gillette O'Brien, Mich. Wood advisable. The cost of stenographic services of the Congress to continue this commit to report such hearings shall not be in ex So the resolution was agreed to. tee each Congress. cess of 25 cents per hundred words. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 347 ~b) The committee is empowered to ap responsibility, and render an additional because Uncle Sam says, ''Well, yes, you pomt and fix the compensation of such ex service to the country. perts, consultants, technicians, and clerical get that much but I need a little of it," and stenographic assistants as it deems neces These committees that have been cre and he deducts a certain amount. That sary and advisable, but the compensation so ated will continue as they have in the · is proper because the Government needs fixed shall not exceed the compensation pre past to serve the Congress and the coun the money. scribed under the Classification Act of 1923, try. The resolution now before us will I do not object to paying my part, and as amended, for comparable duties. The com tend to bring about an improvement as I I feel every loyal American citizen feels mittee m~y utilize such voluntary and un have stated in the relationship between the same. That committee recommend compensated services as it deems necessary the Congress and the executive branch and is author1zed to utilize the services, in· ed that the pay of Members of the Con formation, facilities, and personnel of the of the Government and it will also see gress be increased to $25,000. , That departments and agencies of the Govern bow the prevailing governmental prac should be of interest to any Member who ment. tices which have existed in our country feels he is deserving of it or entitled to it. (c) The expenses of the committee, which for over 150 years may be improved. I There may be some who are not con shall not exceed $15,000, shall be paid one presume the urgent desire for the pas cerned or that feel they are not entitled half from the contingent fund of the Senate sage of this resolution was based orig to that consideration or that amount of and one-half from the contingent fund of the inally on the suggestion that the com pay. I do not think that the Congress at House of Representatives, upon vouchers mittee, if created, would favor enlarge signed by the chairman. the present time will agree to such an (d) The committee shall report from time ment .of the personnel of the commit amount, because in the last session an to time to the Senate and the House of tees and make it possible to provide for effort was made to increase the salary Representatives the results of its study, to the various committees such additional by $5,000. There were many Members gether with its recommendations, the first help as may be necessary. I truly believe in favor of it, but there were some who report being made not later than April 1,· there is justifl.cation for such a demand. were exceptionally economical in their 1945. If the Senate, the House of Repre I fully appreciate that many of the ways of life who thought that- they sentatives, or both, are in recess or have ad legislative committees, though they have· journed, the report shall be made to the might be criticized if they voted for this Secretary of the Senate or the Clerk of the been deprived of appropriation power increase, which is only. one-third of the House of Representatives, or both, as the and function, should be given capable increase recommended by this body that case may be. _ and experienced men to make investiga met here in Washington. tions on many of the important subjects Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, will the The SPEAKER. The gentleman from that are brought before them from time gentleman yield? Illinois is recognized for 1 hour. to time. I hope when this committee is Mr. SABATH. I shall be glad to yield Mr. SABATH. Of that hour, Mr. through making -its thorough· investiga when I have completed my statement, Speaker, I shall later on yield 30 minutes tion, as it has· promised, it will find that but not now. to the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. not only do these committees need addi MICHENER]. Mr. CELLER. We have a bill to that tional efficient help but the individual effect. I hope the gentleman will give At the present time I yield myself such members as well. In view of what has us a rule out of the Committee on Rules time as I may use. taken place during the last session of the to increase the salary to $12,500. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Congress, and particularly in the last few weeks, I trust this resolution will re Mr. SABA TH. This committee rec Illinois is recognized. omended $25,000. I do not say that Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, ladies, ceive favorable consideration. I may say that upon the recommenda the Committee on the Judiciary is al and gentlemen, inasmuch as you have ways extremely economical, but I do not ti~n of the watchdog of the Treasury, the heard the resolution read I believe it un know whether there is a chance for its necessary for me to explain its provisions. gentleman from Missouri [Mr. CocHRAN], we have received an additional allow passage now. We passed a similar resolution in the Mr. CELLER. · Will the gentleman last session of the Congress because it ance for clerk hire. Nevertheless, there are some clerks with the committees and give us a rule for $15,000? was believed, due to the general publicity Mr. SABATH. Wait a second, please. given to the matter, that su~h a commit with Members wh::>se salaries have not tee should be created for the purpose of been increased. That is especially true Any increase that we would vote for at with some of the stenographers who re this time under the law would not help investigating and trying to improve upon to pay your high rent and high ex the relationship between the two Houses fuse to work for the meager pay of $150 of Congress and the relationship between a month and live in this very expensive penses while you are here. I believe it the Congress and executive departments city of Washington. would only apply to those who will be re. of the Government, in order to bring In the last few days ! 'was pleased to elected to the next Congress. about greater efficiency and economy in read an article in the newspapers con Realizing and believing that a mistake Government and the elimination of un cerning an important conference that h as been made in not voting for the had been held, a so-called planning $5,000 increase, I have prepared a bill necessary expenditures. which I think will to some little extent :D/Ir. Speaker, this is the seventh reso group composed of businessmen; law yers, doctors, labor leaders, in fact, of aid the Members. I ha\'e not introduced lution the House has considered today. it yet, but I am going to introduce it \Ve have heretofore passed six. This has all outs~anding men who take a real in terest in the affairs of the country. They now. That bill provides that the Mem been truly a banner legislative day. In bers of the Congress should be entitbd my 38 years of service in the House of made ~everal recommendations which I to certain deductions in fi~uring their Representatives I do not recollect that believe will be of interest to the commit tee which is being created. The one income tax for the extra expenses and we have passed so many resolutions in additional cost of living in Washington. such a short period of time. That is due thing that appeale<:I to me, especially, was the headline in the report, the state It may save perhaps six or seven hun to the fact that these committees now dred dollars; it may save $800. Even being renewed and re-created have actu ment to the effect that these manufac ally rendered a valuable service to the turers and others who have criticized that little help will be received with a House and to the country. Congress heretofore came to the conclu great deal of satisfaction by many Mem I am hoping, Mr. Speaker, that I shall sion that the Members of the Congress bers who unfortunately flnd it hard 'to remain here long enough to see one of are underpaid. I agree with their state get along on their present salary. My these committees that are created come ment, especially in view of the conditions proposed bill will amend the revenue act. before the House and say, "We have per existing now in the city of Washington. I introduced it because the present law formed our duty, we are through, we will A $10,000 salary is insufficient for any permits the deductions of trade and not a$k for an extension." What applies Member to live on decently. A Member, business expenses to corporations and · to the committees of the House also ap instead of thinking and devoting his time individuals. plies to· all departments of government to his duties, worries how he can take I realize a certain amount is provided apd all the bureaus we have created. It care of his family and provide for them for transportation, but even wlth that, is remarkable how anxious these people out of this sal;uy or rather. out of the in view of present-day needs, I think a are at all times to take on work, greater balance of the salary which is left to him, little relief should not be denied and I 348 CONGRESSIONA:L RECORD.-HOUSE 'JANUARY 18 hope that this bill, after I have intro resolution on that side, the gentleman Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 duced it, will receive favorable considera from Michigan [Mr.. MICHENER]. who minutes to the gentleman from Missouri tion from the committee to which it will possesses great ability ana 1s so eminently [Mr. COCHRAN]. be referred. . I hope the gentleman from fair, will in his usual way go over the Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, this res Missouri will approve of it, because I entire resolution and explain it to the olution is an improvement over the reso know he realizes that something should House so that each. and every Member lution which we passed just before the be dorie for the Members of the House. who is on the :floor now will understand last Congress adjourned. I propose to I will endeavor to use my influence with its far-reaching importanr :!. support it. I complained about the pro the chairman and members of the Com Not wishing to delay you any longer viso in section 2. According to the way mittee on Rules to see that a .rule will from hearing him, I now yield with it read in the original resolution, it nul be forthcomin'g as soon as the Committee pleasure to the gentleman from Michi lified everything that the resolution in on Ways and Means will have acted gan [Mr. MICHENER]. structed the committee to do. As writ favorably on the bill. EXTENSION OF REMARKS ten now it simply provides that the com May I make this explanation to some mittee must eliminate from its report of the new Members, and this may even Mr. WOODRUFF of Michigan. Mr. any reference to the procedure on the apply to some of the older Members, who Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex :floor of the House. The original resolu may be wondering how it is th'at we have tend my remarks in the RECORD and in tion went far beyond that. I am dis been able to pass so many resolutions clud ') therein a newspaper article. appointed in the resolution, however, today. It is because the Committee on The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there from one standpoint and that is that a Rules has original jurisdiction of ·ail objection to the request of the gentle committee of this importance represent resolutions creating committees or au man from Michigan? ing this House as a whole is not given thorizing committees to investigate or There was no objection. the power to report legislation, and that giving committees the power which they Mr. HAGEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask that legislation be given a privileged ordinarily• do not possess, namely, the unanimous consent to extend my re status. As the situation now stands, ·any power of subpena. marks in the RECORD in two instances recommendations which this committee That is not true with bills. Bills must on two subjects and include extracts makes with reference to committees or go through legislative committees. When from newspapers and letters. consolidations, transfer of jurisdiction a legislative committee approves of a bill The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there from one committee.to another, goes to and reports it, it must authorize its objection to the request of the gentle the Committee on Rules, which would chairman, if it desires speedy action man from Minnesota? have the veto power, because if it did under the present chairman of the Com There was no objection. not report the resolution then the matter mittee on Rules, to seek to obtain a rule is dead. If this committee should see fit JOINT COMMITTEE ON THE ORGANIZA· to recommend an extension of the Legis providing for special and immediate con TION OF CONGRESS sideration of the bill. But please re lative Referep.ce Service, to create a . re member that that is not absolutely neces Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Speaker, my search division, _to create a division of sary. There are many other ways fearless and able chairman is always investigation for· ·the entire House of whereby a bill can be passed. If a Mem generous. At the risk of repetition but Representatives and all the committees, ber obtains a favorable report on his bill in the interest of clarity, may I say this or increasing personnel of the commit from the committee to which it was re resolution has nothing to do with chang.. tees, then that legislation would be re ferred, he can have it placed on· the ing the rules of the House or with fixing ferred to the Committee on Accounts, of Unanimous Consent Calendar· or it can the salaries or compensation of its mem which I have the honor to be chairman. be put on the Union Calendar, and, under bership, other than to provide an agency But when the Committee on Accounts the rules of the House, Calendar Wednes to make a study as to the advisability reports a bill it would have no privileged day is set aside for the purpose of per of such changes? All this resolution stat'us. It would be necessary to go to mitting committees to call such bills up does is to continue a committee which the Rules Committee for a special rule, for consideration. · was created shortly before the last Con and if that .committee r.efused to vote Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, will the gress adjourned, the purpose of which out a rule, again the Committee on Rules gentleman yield? was to make a general survey of the would have the veto power. I say to you Mr. SABATH. I yield to the gentle whole congressional set-up and then re that this committee should have the man from Missouri. -port its findings back to. the Congress power to report legislation and that it Mr. COCHRAN. Will the gentleman with its recommendations. The resolu should have a privileged status. Thus, also tell the Members that every Calen tion provides that that committee must each and every Member of this House 'dar Wednesday during the Seventy make a preliminary report not later would constitute the body which would eighth Congress, without exception, was than April 1 of this year. I discussed have the power to approve or reject in the resolution fully in this forum, just stead of a few members of one committee dispensed with, and not once on a Cal a few· weeks ago, when the original res of this House of Representatives. I am endar Wednesday was the calendar olution vias before the House. I can sorry that the committee did not pro callEd? add nothing to that explanation other vide for this in the resolution. Such Mr. SABA TH. It requires unanimous than to say that there was one provision power was extended to economy com consent to dispense with Calendar in the original resolution which limited mittees; why not to this very iffiportant Wednesday, and as we have a very pleas the committee in making recommenda · committee? ant and capable majority leader, he in t ions cpncerning certain changes in the Mr. Speaker, this committee is on the variably obtains that consent without a organization of the House. By agree spot, so to speak. The country will watch great deal of effort on his part other than ment of those interested in the subject, it. It will expect results, and it is my casting his usual engaging smile. For the language in this resolution has now opinion if the committee does a good job merly we did not grant consent to dis been amplified so that the hobbles are it will receive strong support from every pense with the business in order on Cal taken off the committee and the com section of the country. We have an op endar Wednesday l:iecause the Commit mittee can -recommend just what it portunity to do something for ourselves: tee on Rules as then constituted was not thinks should be done to improve the Naturally there will be objections to rec-. as liberal as the present one. It is my efficiency of the Congress. Thus, when ommendations that the committee might belief that it is the duty of the Commit that report is made, many of the things make that will directly affect many of tee on Rules to help to expedite business, to which the distinguished chairman of the Me~bers, but it is impossible to do a especially during these trying days. We the Committee on Rules has so ably re job of this kind without offending many. of the Committee on Rules feel that it ferred will be issues before the House. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time is our duty to do all in our power to ex In brief the only question before the of the gentleman from Missouri has ex pedite business so that there is rio unnec- House is: Shall the investigating com- pired. essary delay. · . mittee be · continued to complete its Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 Reverting to the consideration of the work? I do not believe there is any minutes to the gentleman from New York resolution now before us, which I have opposition to this course. [Mr; CELLER]. only partially explained because I know Mr. Speaker, I have no further re Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, the dis the Republican Member in charge of the quest for time on this side. tinguished chairman of the Committee 1945 CONGRESSIONAL REGORD-HOUSE 349 on Rules adverted to the salaries of any such action at a time when we are for it because in the midst of this war Members of the House. Let me say that attempting to stabilize the economy in we have to 'grant Executive power, of a bill is now pending before the Com the mi<;lst of that war al1d when ceilings course we have, of the m.ost sweeping mittee on the Judiciary to increase. our are in effect on the earnings of millions · nature, and because I want to lay the salaries and that of the Senators to of Americans. Whatever argument may groundwork, even while we do this for $12,500. I hope the Judiciary Committee be made on the ground that in com the future, in order that this Congress in its wisdom will vote that bill out parison to the importance of the job may perform its functions efficiently, either that bill or one to increase the Congressmen's salaries are low, whatever effectively, and in accord with the needs salary 50 percent, namely to $15,000. the arguments from the viewpoint of of the people of this Nation and so · I want to disabuse the minds of the justice and equity, nevertheless at this that it will become not merely an Members that we have no right to in time, in the midst of war, it would in my agency that says yes or no to Executive crease our salary during the term for judgment be a great mistake for us even proposals, but an agency capable of, and which we are elected; we have a right to to consider such a thing. I do not be actually performing, the function of do that; there is no constitutional pro lieve that it is by any means a primary bringing forth its own constructive pro hibition against . increasing our own concern of this committee that is here gram for the needs of the people of this salaries during the term for which we proposed. Indeed, there are two things Nation. Thus, it will take its place and are elected. This precedent was fol . that so far exceed any such .considera keep its place as an altogether coequal lowed the last time the salaries of Sena tion in importance that I hope I can branch of our Government. That is tors and Members of Congress were in speak about them v'ery briefly to make the why I am for this resolution. creased namely, on March 4, 1924. At record clear. The first of those is that The SPEAKER pro tempore. The that time we increased our salaries from the Congress of the United States should time of the gentleman has expired. $7,500 to $10,000, the increase to take have ac'cess to independent sources of Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Speaker, I effect immediately, I hope the com information and research analysis so yield the gentleman 1 additional minute. mittee will report it out because we can that the Congress .in judging matters Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. Speaker, will then get the matter before the Appro that come before it will not be completely the gentleman yield? priations Committee and have it in · dependent upon either the testimony of Mr. VOORHIS of California. I yield cluded in a deficiency appropriation bill. executive agencies, however capable they to the gentleman from Oklahoma. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will may be, or the testimony of groups of . Mr. MON~ONEY. I want to thank the gentleman yield? individuals with particular interest in th.e gentleman from California [Mr. . Mr. CELLER.- I yield to the distin legislation for the vast bulk of informa VOORHIS] for a very clear and concise guished majority leader of the House. tion upon matters concerning which we explanation of what I t:b.irik all the au.:. Mr. McCORMACK. There is no legislate. I want Congress to have an thors of this resolution had in mind. He question but what Members of Congress · independent source of such information. stated the case. He has been one of the should receive an increase in salary. In The second reason this committee is moving spirits for many years in the addition to that I believe we should be important js this: The Congress of the modernization of the institution called permitted to deduct for tax purposes as United States together with the Con Congress to protect our rightful place in a proper item of expense the amount it stitution of,this Natiqn is the only proper the constitutional scheme of things and costs us to procure living quarters in source of exeputive power that exists. I heartily second what he said on the Was'hington up to a maximum, say, of If the Congress grants power to execu-_ floor just I}OW. $3,000. I do not mean to include food tive agencies, as it must do under pres The SPEAKER pro tempore. The in this expense, but the actual expense ent circumstances and under conditions time of the gentleman has expired. · we incur in procuring living quarters. of modern government must continue to Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, in the A businessman is allowed to deduct every do, if the Congress grants any power it time remaining on this side, may I say cent he spends in the conduct of his becomes the corollary duty of the Con that due to a recurring attack of sinus, business. There is no reason why a gress to see that that power is properly which has .affected my hearing, I did not Member of Congress should not be al and justly exercised, that it is not abused, understand what the gentleman had to lowed to treat as a deductible item the that it is exercise
observation, nor one more timely. intended to do. 0 That fact was that the Infantry was still For the Fifth Army man in Italy today The military fruits that promised to "the queen of battles.'' For there, at Sa also feels that the part his campaign haS ripen once we successfully stormed the lerno, the Infantryman, the , rifleman, played, and is playing, has been over Italian mainland were augmented by the the "dogface,'' as he is wont to call him shadowed, obscured, and underrated. It sweet political fruits which the Sicilian self, came into his own. Once again, as is a wicked thing-a most· subtly demor campaign suddenly bore. On July 25 always throughout the history of war alizing thing-for great fighting men to Mussolini, the Jackal of Europe, was since rifles were invented, the Infantry feel that they are on a forgotten front. forced to resign by the King. By Sep became the key to victory. Because I know that the Members of this tember 8, the newly appointed Premier, On the blackest day of the fighting, House, many of whose sons and relatives Marshal Badoglio, had feverishly nego during a vicious German counterattack are today on that front, have not forgot tiated that .unconditional surrender of against the bridgehead, when it seemed ten its vital importance, I ask your per his misguided country which gratified they could not stay, cool, long, lanky mission now to review briefly the history the Allies no less than it did all the wise Mark Wayne Clark's terse order to his of the Fifth Army, and to reestimate its and loyal sons of Mazzini and Garibaldi. troops came: "We are here to stay." And place in the scheme of Allied victory. But though that surrender meant the so they were. They cut and tore and That history properly begins with the end of organized Italian resistance, it shot their way through barbed wire and landing of the Fifth Army at Salerno in did not, alas, mean the end of organized over mine fields, past pillboxes and into September 1943. But·its roots go much resistance ih Italy. For knocking Italy a red curtain of rifle and artillery fire further back. A few months after the out of the war also meant knocking the and air bombardment. On the ninth successful landings in north Africa in Germans out of Italy._ And that was the day 0 the Germans began to retreat. November !'942, Gen. Mark Wayne Clark, stern job assigned to Mark Clark's Fifth While they pivoted on the Sorrento hills, who had been G~neral Eisenhower's Army. preparing a new line of defense, the Fifth right hand in the quiescent U.K. thea So, as historians figure things, the advanced, battering the mountain gate ter, undertook the building of an army great saga of this great American Army ways to the fiat lands around Naples. there for the attack on the mainland of began on September 9 at 3:30 in the Even as we watch so breathlessly today Italy. For 7 months that army was vig morning when it landed at Salerno on General MacArthur's advance on Ma orously trained in the rear of the battle the west coast of Italy, on a lovely beach, nila, so almost a year and a half ago we that flowed across north Africa to Tunis. fringed with the ancient ruins of Greek followed General Clark's advance on By the time it was activated, some of its temples, called Paestum. Naples. Every step his army took toward units had already fought to drive Rom If I have gone further back in time the lava-scarred cone of plumed Vesu mel back across the Mediterranean onto than this historic dat€, it is because, as I vius drew hundreds of thousands of words the European Continent. Other units have said, it was the Sicilian campaign of praise and concern from the press were first seasoned to combat when, on which first revealed to the public the and radio. Then, was there any place July 9, 1943, in a high stinging wind off great significance of the task assigned to so important as Naples, any army so val the Mediterranean, Allied forces landed General Clark. Ahd, also, because hun iant as Clark's Fifth? The weary "dog at Gela in Sicily. dreds, no, thousands, of the men who faces" who finally marched inta the de The battle for Sicily was brilliantly took part in the Fifth Army's baptism of molished port of Naples on October 1 effective and gratifyingly brief. By Au fire at Salerno had already fought hard were adored by thrilled and grateful free gust 17 Palermo had fallen and Sicily and long in the curtain-raising opera men and freewomen all over the world. was ours. A jubilant American public tions in Africa and Sicily. They had al But all that was bloody past, was · took stock of the European military sit ready had, you might say, a bellyful of bloody prologue Jor Clftrk's ·Fifth. With uation, which perhaps for the first time war. the taking of Naples, there began in grim it really began to understand. For the The Salerno landing was, in military earnest the Calvary of the Fifth, the Via. conquest-or liberation if you prefer-of .,jargon, a calculated risk. That is to say, Dolorosa:. the road to Rome . Sicily had, at long last, partially lifted it was a great gamble thought to be nec In Sicily, Allied forces had comprised the curtain on. Allied grand strategy essary at the time. Salerno was the only 13 divisions, the best that we then had against Hitler's Europa Festung. The landing spot within the range of our in the w_orld. They faced an enemy first step was to knock Italy out of the Sicilian-based fighter planes. The inva- whose backbone was formed by no more war. Suddenly it became clear to even . sian, like that of Sicily, was a three tha·n 4 Nazi divisions, whose supply lines the most captious amateur that this dimensional logistical and tactical prob were paralyzed, and whose air cover had might be a whale of a good idea. First, lem Df vast magnltud~, involving .the been removed. 352 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-· HOUSE JANUARY 18 Once on the Italian boot, Clark's Fifth,· favorite poem in Italy might well be the Artillery, Engineers, Signal, Ordnance, and the British Eighth together were not poem of the pilgrim who walked to Rome and Supply, remained endlessly and so great in strength as the enemy. And over the Alps, the Pyrenees, the Cau richly eloquent. If some thought Clark's the enemy had on his side two tremen casus, and the Apennines- men martyrs to faulty strategy, or a dous, and all but decisive allies-the Where sun doth never shine. breakdown in supply systems, all thought Italian climate and terrain. Although When he some heaps of hills hath overwent, them heroes whom we wou1d never, no we had unquestionable air superiority, Begins to think on rest, his journey spent, never, cease to extol, while radio time, beginning with the autumn rainy sea Till mounting some tall mountains, he do newspaper space, and breath remained son our planes were often grounded day find to us. after day, and in the terrible winters More heights before him than he left be The truth about Anzio and Cassino was month after month. hind! . simple. Secretary of War Stimson The boot of Italy is quilled with moun But today the Fifth fought in a valley. stated half of it 2% months after the tain peaks, .like a porcupine. Towering Is a valley of the Apennines any better Anzio landing when he said, "The simple ·on all sides was an insane jumble of sleet to fight in than the Apennines them fact is that the Germans stopped us." lashed, snow-blanketed ranges, peppered selves? Not this valley where they The other half of the truth was still the with strongly entrenched, easily de fought. For although it was calied the best held secret of the war: Cross Chan fended enemy artillery posts. Ahead Liri Valley on the map, it soon became nel was only a few months off, and the of Clark, the road to Rome threaded known to the world as the "Valley of the lesson· learned at Palermo and Salerno through narrow winding valleys that Purple Heart," so great were the casual and Anzio itself was-do it with enough. soon became quagmii;es of mud. In this ties taken there. And there, at the val And enough for Cross Channel meant, mud, up these snowy mountains, tanks ley's end, lay the mountain bastion of alas, something less than was needed to and trucks moved with incredible diffi Monte Cassino, the linch-pin in the Gus · crack Cassino and break out of Anzio. culty. Often they could not move at all. tav Line. And yet in the end there was enough. · ·Even that prodigious little contraption, On January 16 the epic battle for At 1 minute before 3 on the night of the jeep, was sometimes balked and gave· Cassino began. And on January 22 a May 11 you might have heard a whis way to the little Italian mu1e. And new element of the Fifth received its pered gripe in a pup tent, so quiet was sometimes the mule gave way to man, terrible baptism of fire at Anzio. the Valley of the Purple Heart. One for on slippery mountair. sides where Anzio was 60 miles northwest of Cas minute later you could not have heard even mules could not. climb Mark's men sino on the seacoast, and 30 miles from a top sergeant shout, as Ailied artillery clambered with heavy pack boards. Rome. The Anzio landing was a l.eap opened up a great bombardment from The men of the Fifth ate and lived and frog, left-hook, or end-run operation. Cassino to the sea, and the whole night slept in that mountain snow and valley It was meant to threaten the rear of ·burst into flame. And all along the line mud.. Do you wonder why the infan the German army, to be a dagger pointed Mark Clark's "dogfaces" jumped off. trymen call themselves, with such sar at the German right flank, which would On May 18 Cassino fell. "Fell" is a donic emphasis, the "dogfaces"? It is divert his forces from Monte Cassino, strange expression to use of that sepul because they often live like dogs, and and thus allow a }unction of our Anzio chral town, crowned by the jagged ruins many of them died like dogs, in these bit and Cassino forces. of the Benedictine Abbey. For abbey ter circumstances. The initial landing was a success. At and town alike had long before tumbled But by October 15, before the full force nightfall on D-Day we had 36,000 men down the mountainside into ghastly piles of -the evil winter was unleashed, the to oppose Kesselring's 20,000, and a of rubble. Fifth had crossed the tortuous and beachhead 20 miles long -and 8 miles Today the-only ordered. things, the swollen Volturno. This madding stream deep. But the German is an enemy to only recognizable objects in Cassino are doubles and redoubles upon · itself so be hated, not underestimated. D-day the Fows and rows of white crosses that often that · one G. I. could truthfully plus 11, despite all the best efforts of mark on the outskirts the graves of the say to me later: "All I ever seemed Clark's men, 98,000 German troops faced men who fell there. to be doing for one whole month was our 92,000 at Anzio. . Though,. quite naturally as an Ameri- · wading across the Volturno." But with For over a month, the Germans threw can, I have talked mostly of Clark's the crossing, the world again applauded in everything they had at the embattled Flfth, here I pause to pay tribute to the the Fifth. It had completed the second beachl_lead. . Tiger tanks, with accom British. . From the beginning, many most difficult of military operations; it panying infantry, made mass attacks British units had fought with the Fifth. had successfully assaulted a strongly de- again and again and again. Artillery Only the conjoined effort of the British fended river line. - and huge railroad guns, "the Anzio ex Eighth Army on its right, from the time But now, as the G~rmans installed presses," lobbed shells into beachhead of Saierno, made the Fifth's advance themselves on the winter line, the Fifth areas, which could be called "rear areas'' possible. And let us remember here, too, began to slog along, 3 miles a week. It only by military courtesy. Meanwhile, that under the banners of the Fifth and was a muddy, bloody grind. In those the Hunnish defenders of Cassino re- Eighth, the blood of many peoples and days no doubt some of their officers often . mained undiverted and unbudged. nations has been spilled. Today, not reflected that in all history Rome had As days-no, months-wore by, many only Americans, including Americans of never been taken from the south. But Americans on the homefront began to Negro and Japanese ancestry, but Brit then they took heart, also remember_ing complain of a failure of American gen ish, Canadians, Scots, New· Zealanders, that the great Hannibal himself had eralship, or found fault- with our South Africans, French, Goums, Sikhs, been hurled back from Paestum and weapons, the training of our troops, or Punjabi, Pathans, Moroccans, Algerians, Salerno-which Mark Clark had not blamed those in the highest places in Senegalese, Poles, and Brazilians, and been. Washington for not delivering more men Italians, too, have contributed to our And yet, by December 1, the Fifth and materiel to this only live European victories in Italy. With the taking of Army had cracked the powerful German theater of war. Some shouted that Monte Cassino, the Gustav line crum winter line. By January 15, it was se everything should be taken from the bled to the sea. cure along the general line of the Ra• United Kingdom and north Africa to During the early morning of May 25, pido and Garigliano Rivers, which tra break this humiliating stalemate, so near Borgo Grappa beachhead, elements versed the Liri Valley. Now, how many costly in American lives. Others indict from Anzio made that contact with ele mountains had the "d"ogfaces" climbed ed the whole Italian campaign as fool ments coming up from Cassino which u:p and down, digging out Krauts, as· it hardy from its inception, forgetting the had been the long delayed purpose of were, by hand? No matter, there was clarity with which they had seen, at the the Anzio landing. By June 2, the Ger always one more mountain on the other time of Palermo and Salerno, the ricl1 man ·line that had formed a cordon side. military and political fruits to be gained around the beachhead caved in, even as "Dogfaces" are not noted for their abil by knocking Italy out of the war. Never- had the winter iine, the Gustav line, the ity to quote poetry much above the level . theless, throughout all the complaints, Hitler line. Headed by Maj. Gen~ Lu of "The Infantry, the Infantry with mud . our sympathy and admiration and praise cian Truscott, the beachl)ead forces behind their ears," which no other of Clark's Infantry-"the queen of broke out of their bitter trap, raced branch of. service can lick "in a hundred battles"-and for the men who protected through the Pontine marshes, and _million years.'' But if they could, their and served the· "queen," the Air Force, hopped off for Cisterna and Velletri_. Al- ·· 1945 ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 353 though the· German retreat had· become At the end of August, Winston Church- rocket bombs, jet planes, and so on. I a fiight, many could not fiee fast enough 111 said, addressing units of Clark's Fifth believe that it is quite· possible to say and Fifth Army prison cages soon filled Army: that but for the many JI1ili.tary lessons with a. steady and gratifying flow. of de I greet you here this morning with feel learned on the Italian front and in its jected supermen. ings of pride that the honor should have rear areas, the cross channel operation · On June 4, Mark Clark's Fifth, the fallen to me to inspect • • • one of the might have failed altogether. :flrst American Army to be activated on great armies of the United Nations. • • • Yes; the Fifth Army has much of The Thirty-fourth United States Division foreign soil, the first to best the Wehr was first, or among the very first, of all the which to be proud. And it is especially macht in Eurppe, the first tq liberate an United States troops to leave the New World proud of its leadership; of Mark Clark, Axis capital, the first in· world's history and carry by their sacrifices and their valor its originator, who is not only a great to take· ROme from the south, and th~ the precious blessing of freedom and jus commander of troops, but a man who :first to test and implement the grand tice to the lands enslaved by Hitler's tyr knows the true secret of generalship is to strategy of the war in the west, marched anny.••• leave nothing to hazard. into the Eternal City. Every step on We have here in Italy one of the finest And it is very proud of its present com the road to Rome had been bought in armies in the world. The combination of mander, Lt. Gen. Lucian K. Truscott, who hardship and blood. The Fifth had had· the Fifth Army and of the British Eighth Army binds togetp.er two veteran armies in has recently replaced Clark as Fifth Army 9 months of the_bitterest campaign ever a bond of brotherhood and comradeship in chief, when ClaFk became :field com- to right in ·history. arms, and in the sense of marching and fight . mander of all Allied armies in the June 4-please mark that date well. ing shoulder ·to shoulde:t for a righteous Italian theater. Truscott, the fiery :for it fixes -the high point of American cause. You have done deeds which will long Texan, is a man quite after the heart of interest in the Italian campaign. For be remembered. The earliest landings in the Fifth Army. A veteran of the Dieppe Italy, the long fighting at Anzio beachhead, Qn June 6, Allled forces crossed the chan the battle of the Cassino front, and the cap raids, he fought in Sicily, on the Vol nel. ture of Rome and Leghorn-all. of these are turno, at Cassino, and Anzio. He has re It is the most natural thing in the episodes which have played a fruitful and an cently returned to his Italian command world that the battles fought with many invaluable part in the entire scheme and from commanding the Sixth Corps in the armies on the Normandy beachheads and design of the' Allied armies. No operation French landings, and at the Battle ·of across France should have eclipsed the could have been more fruitful in this theater Belfort Gap. . subsequent battles of Clark's Fifth. than the work which you have done by draw ing away perhaps two dozen or more divisions Socrates' ancient recipe for a general While- those great battles raged, with down into Italy where they have been tom :fits Lucian K. Truscott admirably. Said gargantuan teams of tanks, planes. to pieces. You have aided notably and most ' Socrates: heavy artillery, and airborne troops sup effectively the great battle now proceeding A general must be skillful in preparing the porting infantry, the Battle of Italy had to its victorious climax on the fields o:f materials of war, and in supplying his sol begun to repeat a rather monotonous France. But though you have done great tliers; he must be a man of mechanical in pattern. 'fo be sure, the Fifth did not deeds in the past, and may well be proud of genuity.., careful, persevering, sagacious, kind, Unger in the Eternal City. By late Oc what has been achieved, I · come here to tell rnd yet severe, open yet crafty, careful of tober the impetus of the Rome advance you today that greater ventures and greater his own, yet ready to steal from others, pro achievements now lie ahead of you, and that ~use yet rapacious, cautious yet enterprising. had carried the Fifth north to Leghorn you will be playing constantly an absolutely and the Arno River. By September 2 the vital part in the long, hard struggle for whose Yet, I 'believe that it is the rapacity of occupation of Pisa. .was. completed, leav speedy end we all strike and for whose speedy Lieutenant General Truscott which most ing the Tower of Pisa leaning not ari inch end we all pray. endears him to Fifth Army men~ for he more or less. And then-Clark's Fifth consider for a moment what would has such a rapacious appetite for dead came up against the ~othic lp1e. It was happen if the Germans could hold the· Ge.rmans, and he devotes so much of his the most terrible of all the German lines. italian line against little resistance, or efforts to satisfying that appetite, that 1;: wish you could have seen, as our com indeed had not had to hold it· at all. he has neither appetite nor efforts left mittee has seen, that cruel mount~inous Would Eisenhower welcome on his front for courting personal publicity. He does terrain, sewn with the enemy's concrete the appearance at this hour of 25 first- not seek the bubble reputation in the emplacements, pill boxes, countless miles line German divisions? Indeed, the pic- cannon's mouth. · He seeks only to batter of barbed-wir.e entanglements, yawning ture on the European front might be his way to Berchtesgaden, a villa I trust tank traps, and vicious mine fields. You very black indeed, if the Germans had will be handed to him on a silver platter would wonder how the men of the Fifth. not been forced for a year and a half to for his south German headquarters. wearied as they were of a long year of enga!;e the Fifth Army, and if that army, And yet I have said many times before · war in Italy, could break through such a by its long campaign, had not robbed today that the Fifth Army is the bitterest wicked barrier. Guts and stamina were Hitler of large elements of men and ma- as well as the proudest army in Europe. the answer. Before the Gothic line was terial he once.drew from southern Italy. Why, with faith in its own achievements breached, the battle of the blizZard This war has often been called a war and prowess, and faith in its command blown Futa . Pass was as bloody as the of logistics. Consider. wo, that the Ital- ers, is it l:iitter? For two reasons. For battle of the muddy Liri Valley. ian campaign was the prime· laboratory both there is a· remedy, and I shall pre . Today _the :ruth Army line runs from for all Eisenhower's subsequent logistical sent them both for your consideration. south of La Spezia, at the knee of the operations in Europe. The transporta- - First. The men . of the Fifth Army- Italian boot, to a few miles south of . tion and supply systems which rolled . above all the combat elements--are bit Bologna, an important Nazi ammunition Allied might across northern France- ter because there really are very many center. And on that line, in one more last summer were carefully patterned af- Jl,t home who, as the President said, either· winter, the Fifth finds itself in a tower ter the set-up of the Fifth as it advanced . have forgotten or underestimated the ing tangle of sleety mountains where up the boot. Valuable lessons were ' task they have performed, and that still tanks can move only with great diffi learned in the feeding and clothing of remains before them. There has been culty. Once more it fights without the our troops. And as General Somervell little public appreciation of the incredible all-out aid of the air forces, grounded by said in his report, the revising up of am- · hardships which the "dogfaces" have en blizzard and fog. Once more the "dog munition, artillery, and infantry con- dured since.Rome fell 7Iponths ago. And face'' freezes in his fox-hole, or shudders version programs came as the result of many are the front line G. I.'s who con in his pup-tent, pitched in waist-high Anzio and Salerno. Army engineers did ftded in me that they have received let snow. Once more his mission is to dig great pioneering in the rehabilitation of ters from home saying how glad their "krauts" out of the side of perilous and demolished ports at Naples, Leghorn, . families are that they were on "an inac slippery crags--by hand! Yet once Civitavecchia, and Piombin.o---pioneering tive front in sunny Italy.'' T~s type of more the Fifth Army is fighting for jobs that paid off brilliantly at Cher- letter, combined with the scant press ward, forward toward .the Valley of the bourg, Antwerp, and Le Havre. Weapons coverage the Italian theater has had Po and the Lombardy plains, contain of all types had a good testing in Italy. since D-day, has a very" disheartening ing and engaging, with the · British · Indeed, what weapons failed to appear effect on · a man who, for example, has • Eighth, some 25 front-line German di in the battle of Italy, failed to appear, recently seen his platoon· go into action visions. alas, in our own arsenals in France- ·45 strong against an enemy emplacement XCI--23 354 CONGR-ESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE· JANUARY 18 on the side of an ice-bound mountain, inexhaustible, and fully aware, too, that "Their tails are up." Their morale is and brought it out with 5 men alive. Secretary of War Stimson and General good. Let us help to keep it so. An even tp.ore dastardly type of letter Marshall are no doubt doing everything_ Our God and soldiers we alike adore, is one received by· many a G. I. in Italy in their power now to devise means of Even.at the brink of danger: not before. saying in effect: "What are we doing in relieving· individual · soldiers too long After deliverance, both alike requited, Italy? The Italian campaign might as wearied by battle. Our God's forgotten and our soldiers slighted. well have stopped after Rome. It began Nevertheless the individual combat As it is not so with our God, let it not to be ·a waste of men and materiel from soldier's feeling that he cannot win stems be so with the men .of our Fifth Army. then on. The big show is on the western from present War Department policy. We have won great battles-they have front or the Pacific anyway. That's · For while that policy p.rovides for rota managed it. We will win a great peace where all 'the real fighting is going on.'' . tion, furloughs, and leaves, based on· they-have purchased it. To make a soldier doubt the cause for length of service in uniform, it does not Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Speaker,,·Will the which he fights and doubt the value of provide for fixed tours of duty which any gentlewoman yield? his own campaign is the whole object of individual Soldier may be required to Mrs. LUCE. I shall l;>e very happy to enemy propaganda. Such letters from endure under battle· fire. yield. loved ones at home are body blows to I believe with many people that the fighting morale; Goebbels himself could time has come for the War Department Mr. JENSEN. The gentlewoman spoke do no better for t:ney make the individual to adopt a policy which· will give the of the Thirty-fourth Divis-ion, which is soldier feel that he is in a sucker's game: combat soldier a fixed tour of duty under· made up of boys from Iowa and Min Second. The second reason that the battle fire: In short, the time has come· nesota. I wonder if the gentlewoman will individual combat soldier in Italy is bit.: to apply to ground troops the same policy agree, if it is the truth or fact, that ter is admittedly a very 'difficult one to now in effect in the Air Forces, of a lim that division, the Thirty-fourth Division, deal with. He feels that under Our pres ited number of battle missions which any has been at the front lines longer and has ent policy ofkeeping divisions consta.nt.ly pilot in a given theater shall be required possibly suffered more casualties than in the line, the law of battle averages to endure, after which, irrespective of any- other division? today is working inexorably to make him leave, furlough, ·or rotation, he is relieved Mrs. LUCE. I do not know the actual a casualty. Our World War No. 1 policy of combat duty fo-r a substantial period casualty figures of · the Thirty-fourth was to draw weary or ·chewed-up and of time before he again returns to it. Division, but, as I pointed out, it has had· shot-out divisions out of the line for sub I have talked to individual men in 400 combat days. I believe that to be stantial periods of rest, and to replace . Italy who have actually been many, the longest combat record of any Ameri them with entirely fresh di.visiohs. This many months under fire. And· invari can division in Europe up to this time, got a whole division out of battle when ably these men have pointed out to me and if that is true, necessarily, in that it had reached the limit of its endurance, that the men of the Air Forces are given kind of terrain, the , Thirty-fourth'~ which was always the limit of its effi a number of battle missions. I remem-· casualties must be substantially greater than those of any other division ~ ciency. B~t our World War No. 2 policy · ber defending this excellent policy by is to hold divisions almost continuously saying, "A bomber or fighter pilot is just· Mr. JENSEN. They have been in· in the line, making individual replace no good after a certain number of mis contact with the enemy-- ments for the killed and wounded and sions. And if he flew on, he would im Mrs. LUCE. Almost continuously for those who are otherwise relieved. peril a very expensive· piece of machin since the days of Salerno. Thus it will be seen that there is no ery." This was the· bitter and true re Mr. JENSEN. . I would like to ·add, over-all or fixed policy which will get'the joinder one . G. I. gave me: · "So I am after listening to the fine speech the individual soldier out of battle when.he riot in such good shape either, after I gentlewoman has just made, that it is shall have reached the limit of hls hu ·have been fired at steady day after day easy for us who come from Iowa and man endurance, which is also the limit after day. But an MI rifle is cheap for· Minnesota to understand why every of his individual efficiency. - the taxpayer, so I suppose I can drop news:Qaper we get from home has ac Today, under this policy, the individ with· it." · counts of boys being killed and· missing ual combat soldier too often feels that Yes; it seems to me that in addition from those States. It is very appalling. if his division fights on a front which to the rota.tion and furlough plans, there Of course, we read too about the deaths will be bitterly contested for many must soon be added a fixed tour of duty of boys from all over the, Nation. But months his only future is to be re under fire for the individual soldier. I think the boys in the Thirty-fourth placed-which generally means killed or After. which he should be given a sub Division from Iowa and Minnesota have wounded. stantial relief period of service in a•non• suffered a little more and possibly have Nowhere is this feeling more justified combat area before returning to battle done more than their share. We are · than in the infantry of the Fifth Army. duty. The period of time would natu proud of them and, of course, happy that Many units of the Fifth Army have been rally depend on the local exigencies of they will come back home under the under fire for long periods . since the battle, and would be fixed by command rotation scheme. Casablanca landings-a· period of 2% ers in the field. But this policy would Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, will .the years. For example, the Thirty-fourth give the combat soldier a goal to shoot gentlewoman yield? Division of that army has had over 400 at, and what is more, a goal to fight for- Mrs. LUCE. I yield to the gentle- actual combat days. Total··American - ward to. Any other policy in a war as woman from Ohio. · · casualties in the Italian campaign to · long and bitter and deadly as this one Mrs. BOLTON . . I am sure I express date have been 98,366. Yesterday I in might in the end tend to demoralize the feelings of the membership of the quired of the War Department what per ... troops. It will also weaken the will to House present in thanking the gentlelady centage of these had been sustained by . victory on the home front, as · many for the vividness with which she has the infantry but the War Department ' mothers and fathers and sweethearts presented Mark Clark's Fifth in the declined to divulge this information. In and wives, counting not so much the Italian .campaign. The tiny glimpse I Italy I was informed that it was over 90 time their men will have been away from have had makes me realize how very percent. I believe that some such per home but the interminable number of splendi~ly she has given us the picture, centage will hold for all armies overseas. days their men are. required to spend bringing it closer to us, which is what Toward this bitterness of the indi under fire, also begin to feel, however this House wants and needs. vidual combat soldier-his personal feel unjustifiably, that they do not stand Mrs. LUCE. I am grateful to the ing that in this war }le cannot win, we much chance· of coming home alive. I gentlewoman from Ohio. She will be must draw the attention of the War De hope that this lesson will also be one we pleased to know that her trip, however partment. In its failure so far to deal shall learn from the Fifth Army. brief, to that theater was a remarkable with it, -at a policy level, lies the one To sum up, there is no more heroic inspiration and comfort, particularly to grave criticism to which I referred when army, nor any army whose significance the heroic w.omen about whom she is so I began. · in the scheme of victory has been and concerned, the Army nurses. . I make this criticism most respectfully, will continue .to be greater than that _ Mr. RIVERS. Mr. Speaker, .will the fully aware of the terrible shortage of of the Fifth Army. And today, despite gentlewoman yield? _ qualified com"Qat replacements, that our· all they have endured and are yet to · Mrs. LUCE. I yield to the gentleman reservoir of combatant ~oldi~rs is not endure-as General Truscott says- from South Carolina. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RE.CORD-. HOUSE 355
Mr. RIVERS. I want to congratulate often the direct charge, that every elect That newspaper, the O~ervatore Ro the gentlewoman on her very timely and ed Representative of the people whq now mano, has declared: vivid picture of the war on the Italian raises his voice to question the course In order to end the ·war, Russia and Eng and European fronts. The statement of world politics is provoking disunity. land are asking PQland to renounce the ter· she has made to us in this House more The London Times, probably the most ritories between Vilna and Lemberg, west ot than justifies the reason for that group influential of British newspapers, recent-· the Curzon line. The Allies took up arms in defense of Polish integrity and today they having made the trip. There are many ly called for more backing for President seek a division of Poland in order to con Members of- Congress who openly oppose Roosevelt in the formulation of a for-·. clude the conflict. Churchill did not hide other Members of Congress going on eign policy, the character of which t~ reality. He has one irq_n rule, "To let be these trips and seeing where the money are perhaps reasonably sure will be to what is. Necessity knows no law and events of the American taxpayers is being spent, their liking. They want America, and are greater than men."· If such is today's how it is being spent, and how these boys I quote, "to take a bolder and more ac reality, . what will tomorrow's reality be? are dying. I certainly want to congratu tive lead in world affairs." What will happen to today's promises of ·Poland's inviolability by those who are un late the gentlewoman for a very able and . The London Economist, which is able or unwilling to guarantee Poland's old a very timely statement on this matter. owned by a company whose chairman is frontiers? The Polish case compromises the Mrs. LUCE. I am very grateful to the Brendan Bracken, Mr. Churchill's Min war's end and peace itself, gentleman from South Carolina, and ister of Information, recently denounced since he has raised the matter may I say the United States as hypocritical, I think I have stated the case and the that our committee was met abroad at preachy, and vague·; and the Yorkshire danger; I now return briefly to the in Post, owned by the family of Mrs. An junction from the executive branch of first with a mild skepticism by many our Govermnent that we Americans G.I.'s. Many wondered tv hat possible use thony Eden, endorsed what the Econo- . mist had to say, and demanded that the must say nothing to rock th,e boat, that we could be over there. But judging by we must remain silent. subsequent editorials in the various Stars United States accept political responsi I for one refuse to do so. Unity, yes; and Stripes in the war theaters, before bilities in Europe. but on our terms or a reasonable com we . left they did feel that it had done · While this sort of thing is going ·on _promise. Criticism? Yes. Our own much good to have us understand and in the British press, American Congress history shows the value of it. see these things with our own eyes. I men are warned that we must do noth Washington, Lincoln, McKinley, Wil .. know that all of my colleagues who were ing, say nothing, be nothing. son were all criticized severely and help·. there will give you most useful and in..: • So much for that. I trust that in view fully. Sometimes not helpfully enough, spiring resumes of many things we saw of the. manner in which the British press sometimes not severely enough. Those there which I have not even touched is speaking of our country, the remarks who hammered at the evils of recon upon. It would take us many hours to of an American Congressman may not struction in post-Qivil War d;ayos. were tell you all that we saw and experier~:ced be entirely out of order. reviled for criticizing the era of recon and concluded in these short 5 weeks. The people of the United States of struction. They were told not to rock the For example, I hope later to be able -to America are totally frank and completely boat, not to disturb unity. There was talk about the political aspects of that unselfish. They put themselves out of criticism, too, of Wilson's stubbornness Italian theater. · the way to save others always. They and the Senate's abdication of power in RESIGNATION FROM A COMMITTEE must be sure they are right. Then noth-· 1919. That was criticism we. did' not ing stands in their way. The SPEAKER laid before the House heed, and the World War of the current the following_communication: At the present time ·the United States hour resulted. . is furnishing most of the money and If we are to avoid a third world war, WASHINGTON, D. C., January 5, 1945, arms and ammunition for the western we must criticize our own leaders, our Hon. SAM RAYBURN, · front, as well as most of the men. Speaker of the House of Representatives. allies whenever we think they are wrong; Sm: I hereby tender to you my resigna Should not the nation· that sacrifices We must criticize with all the vigor at tion as a member of the House Committee most see that statesman~hip, not power our command because it is our country on Military Affairs. . politics, has the right of way? and our future, and no one can shape it With great respect, your obedient servant, In my home city of Toledo there are in the last analysis but ourselves. We JOHN T. ROONEY, two wards-the fourth and the four cannot be timid. We must not be silent. The SPEAKER. Without objection, teenth-which are meaningless numbers We must in all matters, regardless of the resignation is accepted. to you who are hearing this speech. preachments about the unity we all de There was no objection. They are 2 of our 21 wards, 2 wards in sire, speak our pieces and express our The SPEAKER. Under a previous or a city of close to 300,000, just like 2 wards wishes der of the House, the gentleman !rom in any other city. In Toledo they are Mr. Roosevelt, Mr. Churchill, and Mar Ohio £Mr. RAMEY] is recognized for 20 known as the Polish wards, and about shal Stalin, soon are to meet, we are now minutes. 40,000 people live in them. The name told, at a point as·yet unnamed. It has "Polish wards" is a misnomer, for most been a long time since the Atlantic Char.. .. REAFFIRMATION OF .ATLANTIC CHARTER of the people who live there are fourth-, ter was formulated. It is time it be reo( NEEDED :fifth-, sixth-generation Americans whose affirmed. Mr. RAMEY. Mr. Speaker, I rise as a ancestors came from Poland. In these I sincerely hope that Mr. Roosev-elt native son from the Midwest, governed 2 wards in my home city there are more and Mr. Churchill will clarify this situa-. by common. considerations of prudence service flags in the windows than there tion. They speak the same language. and horse sense, not as a reactionary. A are in any other ·wards of similar size in They know that the reactio:t;J. of the com reactionary would worship the devil be Toledo. We have from my county some mon man in Great Britain, particularly cause of his antiquity. Nor as a theorist. 35,000 soldiers, sailors, and marines. in Canada and Australia, is pretty much A theorist is afraid of eternity because And while I haven't the :figures at hand like that of the common man in America. it will be a bore to him. He fears he ~ do not doubt but that these 2 wards They know that the mass of people in could not fuss about practical perfection. furnished a larger proportion of them all those countries object strenuously to I have, I assure you, heard. of both and than any other areas of similar popula the contemplated fourth partition of I am well aware of what they might be tion. By the same token they have fur Poland. able to do in the future, and I am 1urther nished the greatest number of gold stars. With reference to Mr. Churchill, it is well aware of the fact that our co}.mtry These people, my friends at home, have largely a· matter of his own conscience. cannot go into the future, as we did after never been to Poland, most of them. He has not recently been elected in the the Fiist World War, choosing to ignore They have no thought of going there. · sense that our people elect their leaders. the rest of the world. But their resentment is as mine, based Mr. Roosevelt faces a different situa The truth, of course, ls that we are on the sound concept of justice and com tion. Apparently the Polish matter was already headed into· the future and the mon decency and a respect for freedom. one of the principal subjects at Teheran. post-war world. It is being . shaped as To them, as they do to many ariother Mr. Roosevelt had not been reelected~ we fight. · A:tp.erican, the recent words of the Vati• and while his part in the Teheran con I think I sho'Uld say· in the .beiD,nning can newspaper have a very definite ference is not quite clear, it is certain that that I resent the implication, whioh is meanin~, by his silence he gave consent. :~'he 356 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 18
people ~ would . pa:ve defeated Mr. Roose form more important services than are noncombatant duties _ either unneces velt at the polls 1f they had known about presently . assigned to them. Not only sary, or capable of being erformed by this plan for Poland. - As it stands, the that, Mr. Speaker, but there are ·many of men less physically fit, who are now en Americans of Polish descent helped re- these men who could perform more work gaged in less essential activities. There . elect him. · than they· are doing now. Now do not are thousands who have· been rejected Mr. Roosevelt is in the doubly awkward misunderstand me. We have thousands with capabilities equal to many holding. position of a President who has con of com:m.i.ssioned officers who are per these jobs. sented to an unpardonable thing, and a. forming ·routine duty and need to be k_ept : Mr. Speaker,· the people of this coun-. successful. candidate who has won re inJ;heir particular positions. Everybody try have a right to ask the War and Navy election by suppressing facts which he understands that. But there are a lot Departii).e~ts to ~dopt a reasqnable, Jogi knew to be all-important and damaging of others who could be doing more im cal policy of replacing those officers and to him personally. portant jobs in direct prosecution of the enlisted men wherever possible, who are The President owes the American peo war. engaged in noncombatant or limited ple a clefl,r-cut statement. He owes them· · I am informed the gentleman from n activities, by men from the IV-F category further a recommitment of our Govern linois [Mr. SABAtHJ is prepared to ask not in war work but physically and men ment to the terms which he well knows for an investigation of the War and Navy tally capable of performing such duties. the people approve, the terms of the Departments to determine the cause for · In my opinion, it would then be unneces Atlantic Charter insofar as they apply the excessive :i:nimber of employees on sary to draft workers from the farms or to the rights of small peoples, and those their pay rolls and 'the cause for over war plants before next summer. The who by invasion have been· disinherited staffing and lack ·of efficient personnel real answer to· this question is the bill I and dispossessed. practices. introduced on January 9-H. R. 1280. I have abiding faith that Mr. Roosevelt The solution is not national service The bill in' substance provides that all will do just that~ and that the small, legislation for men from 18 to 45 years male citizens classified in the category of dispossessed nations of ·the world will of age and the placing .of IV -F's in labor IV-F under examinations. given for the have cause to look back with thanks battalions without the benefits and priv ·purpose-of inducting men into the armed giving to th.e reaffirmation of their rights· ileges of their more physically perfect forces, and not engaged· in essential war which the approaching Big Three con brothers in the armed forces or by activity, be reexamined with a view . of ference must accomplish or fail. threatening them with fines and jail giving su~~ men who are physically and The SPEAKER. · Under a previous sentences: Administration leaders must' mentally capable, the opportunity to order of the House, the gentleman from be at a loss for ideas if this. is the best perform noncombatant duties now per Kansas [M:r. REES] is recognized for 15 solution they have ta offer. Nothing formed by members of the armed forces. minute~. . · could be more undemccratic, totalitarian, Under the bill I have submitted, ·such meh in the IV-F category· who"could be WORK-OR-FIGHT BILL or more contrary to the very ideals for ·which we are fighting than this legisla- · utilized as herein outlined are inducted Mr. REES of Kansas. · Mr. Speaker, I tive product which has been conceived at 1n .the armed forces before essential have asked for this time to· address the farmers and w~r plant workers are put House upon the very important work-or this late hour in an attempt to rectify in the armed forces. manpower mistakes aiready made. If fight bill now before the House Military the pri1;1ciple of this legislation is sound, During the past several days I have Affairs Committee. This bill is no less then why not enact an all-inclusive na been accorded the privilege of attending than restricted national~service legisla the hearings before the House Military tion, restricted to men from 18 to 45 tional service act and be done with it? Affairs Committee and have carefully years of age. A great portion of my congressional listened to the testimony regarding Con Mr. Speaker, I am convinced there is district in Kansas is rich farming coun gressman ·MAY's bill. · a better alternative, and there are much try whose products will be sorely needed · Mr. Patterson, Assistant Secretary of more democratic methods of solving the by ourselves and our allies this year; War, for whom I have the most profound problem than this proposal. Yet, notwithstanding the intent of the · Tydings amendment to the Selective ~espect, made some interesting observa Mr. Speaker, we have the strange sit tions. Mr. Patterson insisted the armed uation of the War and Navy Depart Service -Act, the · Government tells us forces could not use any of the IV-F's.-in ments, the Selective Service System, and that farmers and farm workers shall be noncombatant jobs. I feel sure he was · the War Manpower Commission· calling drafted into the armed forces . . misjudging the knowledge of the mem for national-service legislation, when, as .. Mr. Speaker, let it be understood that bers of the committee on this subject. a matter of fact, these agencies, together I am not asking that all farmers and Any time Secretary Patterson wants to with many other depart.ments and agen farm workers ·be deferred. As a matter utilize 500,000 able-bodied IV-F's in the cies of the Government, are among the of fact, the farmers have furnished and Army, who are not now doing war work, most flagrant wasters of manpower in are now providing a big share of the boys I am sure he has enough personnel ex this country. Civilian employment in on the battlefronts in all parts of the perts and consultants on the War De ·the Federal Government could be cut by world. Look at the casualty lists that partment staff who, using modern per several hundred thousand without any are coming in, and you will find plenty sonnel methods, can do the job. As a injury whatever to the war effort. In of evidence on this point. While I am matter of fact, if he needs some mate addition to saving the Government mil on that subject, there is no group in this · rial, he can get it from· the civilian pay lions of dollars, the reduction in em country that has worked harder and for rolls of the Government right here in our ployQes would provide the armed forces, longer hours and more faithfully than Nation's Capital. the farms, and war industries of this the farmers and their families. Men, · · Mr. Patterson made the statement Nation with much of the manpower now women and children of all ages have not that, if under the provisions of the May being sought through the undemocratic hesitated for one minute in their effort bill, it was found the Army had to take manner of making the IV-F's scapegoats to produce the biggest food crop in years. more than a few thousand IV-F's in of the administration's failure to provide They have done it despite shortages of labor battalions-this act is a flop. Un ·an intelligent and farsighted manpower help, of farm equipment, and repairs. der such reasoning this bill is already a program in 1942. This waste of man They have done it while their sons and :flop. power is not confined to the civilian pay brothers are on the fighting lines. From the days of the Continental rolls of the Government. ·. Mr. Speaker, the people of my district Army to the present this is the first Just a few days ago the distinguished and the people of this country have a time,. to my knowledge, that the precious chairman of the House Rules Commit right to ask this question: "Will these birthright of every American fighting for tee, the gentleman from Illinois, Con-· men who will be drafted from the farms his country in the Army of the United gressman SABATH, charged there are be forced to leave their crops and farms States has been lowered to the point that thousands of commissioned officers per while many servicemen and officers, fully it was considered comparable to a prison forming menial and routine duties whose trained, or who could be trained, con sentence without rights, benefits, and jobs could be performed by others not tinue their routine in the various military hbnor, or that such treatment would be fit for actual combat service. . He could and naval establishments, including_the afforded a citizen of the Nation for the also include thousands of other men in , Pentagon and the Navy Buildings?'' I failure· of the Creator to provide him with the armed forces who are qualified to per- mean those enga2'ed in various 1·outine a perfect ,physique. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-I-IOUS.E 357J Mr. Speaker, it is pretty drastic to say to everyone? This legislation will not military service. They have complied that those who desire to be a member of do the job. This is not a work-or-fight with the law, registered for the draft and the Army of the United States must sub .. bill. The IV-F men are told they ]lave reported, ·and have been rejected through mit ·to induction under these circum .. no chance to fight or even to take any no fault of their own. Many of these stances without rights, without priv place in the armed forces. This particu men may be used for active service after ileges, without honor. Mr. Speaker, I lar group is told under this bill that "we joining the armed forces. do not object to the induction of IV-F's will not give you a chance in the armed I do not believe there are very many in who fail to secure war jobs and who are forces, but we will see to it that you will this IV-F category who want to shirk physically and mentally capable of per .. go where the Government sends you or their duties. You will find them just as forming thousands and thousands of you will join a labor battalion or be sub patriotic and as willing as anybody else. .noncombatant jobs now being performed ject to fine or other penalties." Mr. They will do their part if you will just by officers and enlisted men needed on Speaker, if the situation is so critical that tell them about the grave need of their the lines. In-fact, that is what I have national-service legislation is necessary, service, but first of all they are entitled proposed. I am not ·merely opposing for then we ought to go all the way and make to join the armed forces just as far as the sake of opposition-! have an alter it apply to everybody. We ought to their services may be utilized. ·native, which I believe is more acceptable make sure at the same time that a lot The SPEAKER. Under a previous or to labor and to industry and to the Amer of activities in the Government and out der of the House, the gentleman from ican people than the bill that has been. side the Government that do not con Idaho [Mr. DwoRSHAK] is recognized for offered. I also believe the measure I have tribute to the war effort are withheld 15 minutes. submitted will do far more toward bring until the crisis is over. WAR RELOCATION AUTHORITY ing this war to a successful conclusion Mr. Speaker, if national-service legis than the proposal under the May bill. lation is the way to handle a problem, Mr. DWORSHAK. Mr. Speaker, I ask Let us analyze the situation from the we ought to have had it a long time ago. unanimous consent to revise and extend facts and figures that have been pre Mr. Speaker, only a few · months ago my remarks in the RECORD, and to in sented. Evidence at the hearings de newspapers and radio commentators and clude therein a statement by Secretary veloped tl>le following: During the next men in high places in the Government Ickes. 6 months the armed forces will require gave the American people to understand · The SPEAKER. Is there objection to an additional 900,000 men for military we should not only have a big supply of the request of the gentleman from duty and 700,000 for war industries. manpower ·in our armed forces, but Idaho? Now, let us examine what is proposed. stressed especially the tremendous sur There was no objection. The 9D'O,OOO men.' for the services under plus of war materials of all kinds we had Mr. DWORSHAK. Mr. Speaker, the plan are to be taken from the farms on hand in this country as well as abroad. shortly after the Pearl Harbor disaster, and the war plants. So instead of re We were told the amount was so great the Western Defense Command issued quiring 700,000 men for the ·war plants, .that within a short time a tremendous an order excluding from the west coast industry will require about 1,500,000, and .amount of it would likely be dumped on persons of Japanese ancestry whose pres this 1,500,000 will theoretically be called the market. Legislation was submitted ence was then deemed inimical in plan from the IV-F's under threat of induc -to deal with questions of reconversion ning the defense of our Nation against tion into special labor battalions or and other post-war problems. The 'the Axis Powers. penalties without any rights. The shift American public got the idea the war was On March 18, 1942, the President, in ing of labor from <.me gistrict to the other almost over and we should hasten to put Executive Order No. 9102, established the will be under the direct control of the our house in order to deal with surplus War Relocation Authority and defined its Government. It would seem to make ·Property and for release of men from our functions and duties. The program out lined for the removal of both alien and armed forces right ~way. this plan work, the Oovernment will need American-born Japanese from the west to control the plants. Mr. Speaker, I really feel that those in coast embraced the setting up of numer ·; . The procedure is not only undemo charge of the prosecution of the war ous relocation centers in the States in ocatic; but it is awkward and inefficient. ought to. give the people of this country the Rocky Mountain area. About 110,000 Industry will be required .to train and just as much information as _possible, people of Japanese descent were evacu bring to top production ·in the space of favorable or not, with regard. to the ated to these camps, and administrative 6 months at least 1,500,000 men who, for realities of this war. The situation is a functions were assumed by the War Re the most part, are white-collar workers grim one. It is critical and the people location Authority. The e~tremely large totally unfit for factory work. have a right to know it. They ought to appropriations provided for this activity Mr. Speaker, this late hour is not the know the news, good or bad. It should be included fund's for a work corps, with a time to precipitate arguments, discus told as is. Of course, we have had re wage scale of $12 per month for appren sions, and dissension . wpich can be verses-why not tell the people·? Tell tice workers, $16 for general labor, and avoided by the simple expedient of draft them of the dire need of equipment and $19 for professional people and super ing IV-F's not now engaged in war work materials. This war can be won by the visors. Many thousands of these evacu into noncombatant and other jobs in the united efforts of the American people. ees also were extended temporary leaves armed forces which do not require the . ·Those in charge of the prosecution of the to enable them to accept_ private em same physical standards that are re war ought to l.>ring industry, business, ·ployment in contiguous areas. Because quired for men in more hazardous posi and agriculture together and tell them of the background and training of many tions. the grim truth. Tell the American peo of these evacuees, their labor in agricul There are many jobs in the armed .ple of the effort required for the produc tural pursuits was highly important in forces now being performed by military tion of goods, and I believe we will get the production of crops in the years of and naval personnel that can be per it. Cut out a lot of unnecessary activi 1942, 1943, and 1944. formed by ,a million or more able-bodied ties in the Government and outside the Efforts were made. by the War Reloca IV-F's. Mr. Speaker, I would not be so Government until this war is over. tion Authority to scrutinize carefully the positive in my assertions were it not for National-service legislation may have views of these evacuees and to determine the obvious-fact that the departments been the thing if we had done it in the whether there was any trace of disloyalty' of Government have shown little-disposi first place, but this is not even national to the United States. There were . re .. tion to utilize .more fully the manpower service legislation. It is legislation with ports of disturbances and uprisings in .they now have at their disposal. respect to a certain group only. I should the first year of the W. R. A. program, Mr. Speaker, the acid test whether a remind you, too, that this legislation if but all of the Japanese of questionable department or agency is required in this put into effect will cause dislocations of loyalty or those who openly declared crucial period has not been applied. The manpower difficult to solve. You will their allegiance to Japan were segregated Government should set the pace and put have more migratory labor than you had and placed in the camp at Tulelake, its own house in order with respect to ·before. Under the present law a man of Calif. utilization of manpower before making draft age who quits a war job can be in About 2,500 Japanese-Americans have demand for national-service legislation. ducted into the armed forces immedi been inducted into or have volunteered Mr. Speaker, if national-service legisla ately. These IV-F men are not slackers fOT service in the armed forces of the tion is necessary, then why not apply it or draft dodgers-they are not evading United States. Glowing reports have 358 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 18 been received from Italy, where one of cation Authority, which I ask permission mental order, the War Relocation Authority -will make assistance available to those evacu these Japanese units has won acclaim for to insert at this point: .ees, both at the centers al].d previously re• . valorous and outstanding service. The The Western Defense Command's action in located, who now have urgent reasons and casualties in this particular unit were un revoking the blanket exclusion orders for sound plans for returning to the west coast usually. heavy, and many awards of the persons of Japanese ancestry on the Pacific area. Simultaneously, however,_ the Aut hor Purple Heart and other decorations have coast means, in its simplest terms, that the ity will conti·nue and intensify its efforts to been given to these soldiers. The War War Rel_ocation Authority will immediately relocate evacuees in other sections of the expand its relocation program to cover the country. One of the major W. R. A. aims Relocation Authority, although subjected entire country, including the west coast. It · to considerable pressure and agitation, f!'om the beginning has been to encourage most definitely does not mean that there will the widest pos~ible dispersal of evacuees ·and some criticism, has carried out the 'be a hasty mass movement of all evacuees throughout the Nation, and this will con evacuation program in a manner deemed back into the coastal ~ area. The War Re tinue as a prime objective during the final satisfactory to most of the communities location Authority will continue and inten phase of the program. near which the relocation centers are sify its efforts to relocate in parts of the Of the 110,000 people of Japanese descent situated. Some criticism resulted from United States other than the west coast 'originally evacuated, more than 35,000 have the policy of extending what many con those loyal and la~-abiding persons of Japa now relocated under W. R. A. procedures out nese ancestry who are willing to participate side the west coast area. This includes nearly sidered too many liberties to some of the in this program. It will also aid those who 70 percent of the American citizen evacuees evacuees, since it was frequently over- prefer to exercise their legal and moral right beyond the age of 17 who have been eligible 1ooked that a large percentage of these 'to return to the west coast. · · for relocation, and also takes in nearly 2,500 evacuees were American citizens and., - The persons who are eligible for relocation Japanese-Americans who have been inducted therefore, entitled to the same constitu or return to the west coast have been· found into the Army of the United States from tional riehts and safeguards as are .by the Army authorities to be loyal citizens 1·e1ocation centers. The great majority of other Americans. or law-abiding aliens. They are entitled to the 35,000 relocated evacuees have become . their full constitutional and legal rights, satisfactorily adjusted in their new locations Because of the hostility existing in and perhaps to something more than ordi and will probably want to stay where they some of the communities on the west nary consi~eration because they have really are. Many of them, in fact, will doubtless coast from which these Japanese had suffered as a direct result of the war. In a ·now make arrangements for having their been evacuated, the .war Relocation Au real sense, these people, too, were drafted by parents and other -family members still at thority has made extensive efforts to re their country. They were uprooted from the centers come out and rejoin tP,em at their locate these persons in other sections of their homes and substantially deprived of an new homes. the country. It is reported that about opportunity to lead a normal life. They are . Since the mass exclusion orders have been casualties of war. .revoked and the great majority of evacuees 35,000, or one-third of the original num · It is the responsibility of every American are free to establish residence anywhere in ber of evacuees, have been relocated out worthy of citizenship in this great Nation to the -United States, the War Relocation Au side the west coast area. This includes ·do everything that he can to make easier thority will now work toward an early liqui nearly 70 percent of American citizen the return to normal life of these people dation of the relocation centers which were evacuees beyond the age of 17 who have who have been cleared by the Army authori established · originally for the temporary been eligible for relocation. ties. By our conduct toward them we will maintenance of a dislocated people. No cen · Maj. Gen. H. C. Pratt, of the Western be judged by all of the people of the world. ter will be closed in less than 6 months, but I call upon State and local officials through it is anticipated that all will be closed within Defense Command, on December 17, out the country, and especially on the west a year. Funds have been provided to the 1944, issued Public Proclamation No. 21, coast, and on public and private agencies to Federal Security Agency for public assistance revoking the exclusion order which had assist in the enormous task of returning through State and local welfare agencies for been issued shortly after Pearl Harbor these people to ordinary community life. I those evacuees who are incapable of self and which was responsible for the crea believe that the response will be enthusiastic support. tion of the War Relocation Authority. and wholehearted. And I particularly hope As the War Relocation Authority enters the General Pratt declared that the military that we may see veterans' organizations like final phase of its program, its immediate situation on that date made possible the America,n Legion and church and welfare aims, as always, will be to restore the loyal groups in the forefront of those who will con and law-abiding evacuees of Japanese de ·modification and relaxation of restric sider it their responsibility to aid these peo scent to a normal American environment, to tions and the termination of the system ple, and by so doing to show their devotion relieve local manpower shortages, and to cttt of mass exclusion of persons' of Japanese to the American principles of charity, jus down Government expenditures for the ancestry. Section 8 of the general's tice, and democracy. maintenance of "a displaced segment of the proclamation stated that the purpose of All the evidence available at the relocation population. Its long-range objective will be that public proclamation is- to restore to centers indicates that the majority of the to bring about a better economic adjustment all persons of Japanese ancestry who evacuee residents have not yet finally decided. and a more satisfactory Nation-wide distri were excluded under orders of the com whether to return to their former homes or bution of a minority group which was doubt relocate elsewhere, and that most of those less too heavily concentrated before the war manding general, Western Defense who eventually elect to go back will need in one particular section of the . cduntry. Command, and who have not been desig considerable time in making necessary ar nated individually for exclusion or other rangements before they can actually leave the I desire to point out that the War Re control, their full rights to enter and centers. The War Relocation Authority is location Authority, according to Secre remain in the military areas of the now formulating detailed plans for keeping tary Ickes, will now work toward an Western Defense Command~ the westwar l relocation movement on a grad early liquidation of the relocation cen General Pratt assured the people of ual, orderly, and systematic basis. ters; and that it is anticipated all camps the States situated within the Western People of Japanese ancestry, both at the will be closed within a year. However, Defense Command that the records of relocation centers and elsewhere, who have there are fewer obstacles now facing this been found eligible by the Western Defense liquidation than 1 year hence. all persons of Japanese ancestry have Command for residence in the west coast been carefully examined, and that only area, are, of course, free to go back at any I also call your attention to the final ·those persons who have been cleared by time. However, only those whose specific paragraph of the Secretary's announce military authority are permitted to re plans for resettlement in the evacuated area ment, which states that as the War Re turn. They should be accorded the same are approved by W. R. A. will be E)ligible for location Authority enters the final treatment and allowed to enjoy the same travel assistance which the Authority now phase of its program- ' extends to those relocating in other parts privileges accorded to other law-abiding of the country. This includes the payment ·its immediate aims, as always, will be to American citizens or residents, declared of rail or bus fare to the point of relocation restore the loyal and law-abiding evacuees of the proclamation; which does not oper and transportation of personal properties, Japanese descent to a normal American en ate to affect any offense heretofore com· such as household furnishings. Since most vironment, to relieve local m anpower short mitted, nor any conviction or penalty of the evacuees at the relocation centers have ages, and to cut down Government expendi had little opportunity to accumulate savings tures for the maint enance of a displaced incurred because of violations of the pro- ~ segment of the population. visions of public proclamations, civilian over the past 2¥2 years, they will doubtless exclusion orders, civilian restrictive need such assistance. Only a few evacuees, Most important is the reference by therefore, are expected to leave the centers, Secretary Ickes to the long-range objec orders, or individual exclusion orders either for the west coast or any other desti already issued. nation, without first having their plans tive, which will be to bring about a better On the day following General Pratt's checked and approved by W. R. A. economic adjustment and a more satis revocation order, Secretary Ickes issued In view of the fact that the evacuees were factory Nation-wide distribution of a a statement on behalf of the War Relo· removed from their homes ln 1942 by govern- minority group, which was doubtless too .. l945 CONGRESSIONAL~ RECORD-HO-USE 359 heavily concentrated before the war in or return to their former homes of all may seem, State legislators ·who were one particular section of the country. persons eligible for such relocation and members of the very bodies which passed There is no authority in law nor Presi.. who are now in centers operated by this some of these approving resolu.tions are dential executive orders for any program agency. This bill also directs the Secre now writing to me and telling me that designed to relocate American citizens, tary, not later than such date, to close all they were either unaware of the adop because of the assumption by any Fed such relocation centers, except any such ·tion of these resolutions in their . own eral authorities that they are too heavily center which is operated and maintained States or were under the impression, concentrated in .any particular area. If exclusively as a segregation center for given them by others, that the resolu this policy can be applied to American persons of Japanese ancestry whose loy tions had failed of adoption. That born Japanese, then it might also be ap alty to the United States is in doubt, or shows· how carefully these quiet but ex plied to other racial groups of American whose loyalty to Japan has been estab -tremely effective lobbyists work in order citizens, which are notoriously concen lished. to keep their hands covered until the trated in some of our large cities. Surely I am hopeful that my bill may receive right moment for unveiling their final this is no time for the consideration of early and favorable action, because it attack upon the Congress itself. policies which may have such far-reach makes possible not only economy in the The searchlight must be kept upon ing effects in jeopardizing constitutional ~ ex,penditure of Federal funds, · but will this group. These . Fascist-minded lob rights and safeguards of citizens. help relieve the manpower shortage and, byists who seek to throw the main tax For the current fiscal year, the War thus, make a worth-while contribution to burden upon the low.,.income grouR must -Relocation Authority has an appropri the war program. Likewise, there are fa be ferreted out and their efforts exposed ation of $39,000,000. On December 31, cilities, farm equipment, and other ma in every State capitol in which they set 1944, the War Relocation Autho;rity re chinery temporarily in use at all of these up their lobbying shop. I have named ported a total of 2,422 employees, of relocation camps, which could be used to the leaders of this group many times be whom 287 were departmental an<.1 2,135 greater advantage by other Federal de fore, but I will name them once again, were in the fie1d. Nine relocation camps partments or by private .citizens. If this just to keep the record clear. They are are now being operated, including the equipment is held for another year, it Frank Gannett, pious publisher from segregation camp at Tulelake, Calif. will merely swell the stocks of surplus New York State, who seeks to reduce his It has been reported that all of the property of the Government which ·will millionaire's taxes to a minimum of 25 evacuees remaining in the 8 camps may be sacrificed without being put to any . percent; Samuel B. Pettingill, able orator leave immediately and return to their worth-while war use. and former Member of this body, who former homes, or be relocated elsewhere, The SPEAKER. Under a previous or uses the cloak of the Constitution as a because their records have been care der of the House, the gentleman· from shield for his real schemes; Edward A. fully examined and they are consid Texas [Mr. PATMAN] is recognized for 30 Rumely, convicted German · agent in ered to be law-abiding citizens. There minutes. World War No. 1, whom many think is have been reports, also, that some of PROPOSED TWENTY-SECOND AMENDMENT the real brain behind the activities of these evacuees have been so enraptured TO LIMIT TAXES ON THE RICH this group who seek to lead us into the by the liberal treatment which they have ways of fascism; and, lastly, the aging ·received, as well as by the satisfying life Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask ·S. S. McClure, once reput~ble author and unanimous consent to revise and extend in these camps~ they are reluctant to publisher, who, after studying fascism my remarks in the RECORD and include . 2 years in Italy, let himself become the leave these centers. · · therein certain· statements and excerpts Director Dillon S. Myer has pointed tool and ''front" man for the spiderlike · and editorials. activities of Rumely and his group of out that the W. R. A. program enters its The SPEAKER. Is there objection to · final phase at a time when there is a unknown associates. · the r~quest of the gentleman from good demand for workers in war plants, Fortunately, I think the tide is turning. Texas? At least, I think the voters and their in civilian goods production, in S'ervice There was ·no objection. occupations, and on the farms. Both State representatives are becoming fully Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, during . aware of just what the program offered from the standpoint of the national wei- the past year, I addressed the Hou.se sev -fare and the evacuees' long-range eco to them . by this group really means. eral times in reference to the nefarious This awareness is also being exhibited nomic security, it is highly important, eft'orts of the so-calied Committee for says Mr .. Myer, that the people now re · by certain State Governors from whom I Constitutional Government to slip have also received considerable corre siding in the relocation centers make , through an amendment to the Constitu the transition to private life at a time spondence during the past few weeks tion of the United States which would since my November 27 spe·ech. when employment opportunities are still restrict the amount of taxes to be levied plentiful. During the past few weeks, I have heard and collected by the Federal Govern . favorably from legislators in the follow The Nation today is facing an acute ment on incomes, gifts, and estates to ing States: Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, manpower shortage, and there· is little, 25 percent. if any, reason to justify the operation of Idaho, Illinois, Louisiana, Kentucky, Mis I referr~d to this group as "the most souri, North Carolina, South Carolina, W. R. A. camps for another year. The sinister lobby ever organized." I called New Jersey, Ohio, Tennessee, Texas, and evacuees not only are entitled to the their efforts "a sneak devastating attack Wyoming. Seven of the above 15 States rights of American citizens, but they on the Constitution," and I characterized thus represented have already passed should also be compelled to assume the their proposed amendment as the "mil resolutions favoring the adoption of the duties and the obligations of citizens. lionaires' amendment to make the rich proposed twenty-second amendment. There will be less difficulty from the richer and the poor poorer.'' I repeat These legislators tell me that they will early closing of these camps than would · these statements today. seek the repeal of the resolutions .already result if their closing were deferred for On November 27, 1944, I made a brief passed. The others tell me they will periods of 6 months to a year. Then, it speech to the House which listed the fight vigorously the attempt of this lobby is entirely possible that this country may State legislatures which have already to put across one of these resolutions in be facing economic conditions as a result - adopted resolutions favoring·this amend their own States. A sample of what of the cessation of hostilities in Europe ment. I also listed those States in which they write me is as follows: which will cause some confusion and con the representatives of this vicious group State senator from Arkansas: flict between these evacuees and other are active today in the hope of securing citizens, particularly returning veterans. I find that I was fn error when I told you . the adoption of · additional resolutions recently that I didn't think the Arkansas Likewise, the early liquidation of ·.the by other State legislatures to the end resofution concerning the proposed. twenty- : War Relocation Authority program will that Congress will be. forced to take ac .. second amendment had passed. I now learn release at least 2,000 trained Federal of tion on this proposition. . . that it did pass both houses-under a guise, ; ficials and employees whose services Fortunately, the_ press gave consider of course. I am Interested in supporting a could be utilized to help alleviate the able publicity to this last speech of mine, move to repeal this resolution in the fifty- i Jnanpower shortage. which now exist_s. fif~h general assembly which opens in Arkan · and voters and State legislators who ap sas on January 8r Therefore, I have today introduced ·a , parently had never heard of this diaboli bill which would authorize and direct the cal program before have been writing me Assemblyman from New Jersey: Secretary of the Interior to complete, not . in increasing numbers to learn .more Please be advised that as a member of the later than June 30, 1945, the relocation about this sneak att~ck. S~x;~e a,s ~ ;New Jersey Legislature _(one of tb,e States 360 CONGRESSIONAL RECO.RD ..;_HQUSE 'JANUARY 18 that has passed· such a resolution), t voted association. The resolution· speaks for cost of the war . would,. of course, l;le borne against this vicious and unholy attempt to itself. It reads. as follows: · by low-income groups. · · sabotage the economic·structure of our Gov After Townsend· National Weekly had ex ernment. Your speech comes at a very Whereas a proposal is now being submitted posed the phony committee and had revealed timely moment. It is with great credit to and pressed upon State legislators, which, it that Rumely is an ex-convict who served yourself. May I suggest that the President adopted; bids fair to turn the tide away time for failing to report the receipt of Ger of the United States be enrolled in your cru from democracy at the very time our men are man funds to finance an American news sade before it is too late. I am certain that laying down their lives to safeguard democ• paper during the First World War, 2 of the 16 he is in sympathy with your views as is evecy racy; and States that have played ball with the com other sane-thinking citizen. · Whereas great concentrations of wealth mittee reversed their stand. have ever been the enemy of liberty and the In Pennsylvania, Gov. Edward Martin ve State representative from Ohiot powerful friend of the oppressor; and toed the resolution adopted by the State i: read with great interest your speech of Whereas such wealth _financed Hitler and legislature. In Kentucky, the house rescind November 27, 1944, relative to the attempt Mussolini during their struggles tor power ed its approval after it had learned the factS. to bring about an amendment to the Consti and supported the war party in Japan; and Thus,- there are now only 14 States which tution by subterfuge. I shall be on the look.· Whereas we now have a nefarious scheme demand adoption of the Rumely amendment. out for. any resolution coming before the to take· advantage of the preoccupation of They are: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Illi house in 1945. · .our people with the war and of the fact that nois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, our men· are overseas to force Congress to Michigan, Mississippi, New Jersey, Rhode State representative from Georgia:· call a convention to propose an amendment Island, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. · I t>hall be on the look-out for the tax which would become effective when ratified Seven States, approached by, the Rumely dodgers when that resolution comes before by 36 State legislatures; and gang, have turned )lim down fiat. They are.: the Georgia Legislature. I can assure you Whereas these forces have consistently Colorado, Louisiana, Montana, New York, that I will take a shot at it when its head fought the forces of education and hindered Ohio, Texas, and Virginia. In addition, a poll bobs up. Our legislature meets January 8, the march of progress; and . taken among Minnesota legislators indicates 1945, and continues for 70 days. I am glad · Whereas thfs proposal would repeal the that they are overwhelmingly opposed to the you are on the watch-out for the dangerous sixteenth amendment to the Constitution, scheme, and will vote it d~wn if it is pre things that show up and that you have the overwhelmingly adopted by the people in sented to them next year. courage of your convictions. 1913; and · Resolutions have not yet been offered 1n Whereas this proposed legislation is a per• 23 States. But they probably will be early State representative from Illinois: fect opportunity by which multimillionaires in 1945, because the Rumely machine has I was elected a member of the Ill1nois State may and will escape paying their just share begun to move again, and funds are coming Legislature at the November election. In-. of the war 9-ebt, of 'educating children, and of . in to support the fight. It is estimated that asmuch as l propose to attack and, if pos maintaining our democratic standard and the Committee for Constitutional Govern sible, have the legislature- reconsider its way of life; and . ment will probably spend about $350,000 next action as regards this resolution, will you Whereas if Congress is prohibited from ap year. It has spent in excess of $300,000 annu- please forward me copies of the speeches plying higher. taxes on larger incomes, it will ally for the pas.t few years. · you have made against the actions of this be necessary to increase taxes on. smaller Purpose of the outfit is to persuade a total committee? incomes and to maintain them over longer of 32 States to approve its resolution so Con periods, thus loweri:q.g the standard of living gress would be forced to call a constitutional State representative from Louisiana: of the teacher and others of low incomes; and convention. Since 14 States are already in This group you speak of, while pretending Whereas this same menace to the birth line, this means that 18 more must approve. to uphold the Constitution, is in effect pre right of the American people was defeated Representative PATMAN, warning that the paring to entrench itself against a day when an,ci exposed in Congress, but is now being .committee will be more active than ever in only a few of them will own all the wealth, promulgated by fraud and chicanery and has 1945, has written to governors asking them particularly the tax-free wealth, and then collected a huge fund which has been and to be on the watch for lobbying activities. have this law or amendment to the Consti• is being investigated by Congress; and Among other argument,s against the scheme, Whereas these same vested interests are Representative PATMAN has pointed out that, tution. now attempting to secure State laws to favor if adopted, the Rumely amendment would Assemblyman from North Carolina: their proposal: Be it ' wreck all prospects for old-age pensions, be· My interest in the subject results from my Resolved, That this house of delegates of cause there would simply be no money other being a member of the nexp General Assem the Louisiana Teachers Association, in official than that needed for bare Government ex meeting convened, do denounce and express penses. bly of North Carolina, which co:o.venes Jan Meanwhile, Rumely is still under indict.. uary 3, and I have heard that our general our vigorous opposition to any amendment to the United States Constitution which pro . ment by a Federal grand jury for contempt. assembly will be asked to approve this pro lie refused to tell the House Campaign Ex· posed amendment. Outside of the commit vides for a limitation on Federal income, in.. heritance, and gift taxes. penditures Committee the names of persons tee tor constitutional government, I have Who have contributed more than $100 to h18 found very little sentiment for the proposed That copies of this resolution be sent to each member of the Louisiana Legislature. committee, as required by the Corrupt Prac twenty-second amendment. I do not find it tices Act. included as one of the measures advocated That additional copies of this resolution by the committee for economic development, be sent also to the Louisiana delegation in Congress. [From People, the Other Side of the News of State representative from Wyoming: · December 7, 1944] Thanks for the copy -of your speech, Sneak (From. Townsend National Weekly of D~ cem• PRESS SILENT ON SCHEME TO SHIFT TAX Devastating Attack Being Made on the Con ber 23, 1944] BURDEN ON LOW-INCOME GROUPS - stitution of the United States. As a mem PATMAN FLAYS BARRAGE AGAINST AMENDMENT 18 WASHINGTON, D. C.-Last week in Congress, ber of the Wyoming Legislature I can use WASHINGTON.-The .Committee for Consti• Representative WRIGHT PATMAN of Texas this material to considerable advantage in tutional Government, sparked by the ex lifted the lid on the activities ~f a strong~ attempting to rescind t:Qe resolution passed convict Edward A. Rumely, threatens to arm pressure group which is trying to ease in 1939. launch a new campaign in 1945 to repeal the off taxes on the rich onto the backs of the income-tax amendment to the Constitution. poor. Here's what Representative PATMAN As further evidence that the tide is It is now accumulating a huge war chest to said: turning and more persons are becoming finance widespread lobbying activities in "An effort is being made by a group known aware of this group and its insidious ac- - State legislatures, nearly all of which will as the committee for constitutional govern tivities, I append in conclusion two news meet after the 1st of the year. ment, alias 'jihe committee to uphold the paper articles and one editorial which The committee, characterized b1 Repre Constitution, to slip through an amendment shows that the press of the Nation is also sentative WRIGHT PATMAN,· of Texas, as "the to the Constitution of the United States to taking up the cudgels. and demanding outstanding Fascist group in America," has restrict the amount of taxes that Congress already persuaded 16 State legislatures to may cause to be levied a~d collected by the that this movement be stoppe~. I also adopt resolutions calling for a constitutional Federal Government on incomes, g1!ts, and append herewith a resolution adopted convention to repeal the income-tax amend· estates to 25 . percent. by the house of delegates of the LOuisi ment. "If adopted, it will pave the way to throw ana Teachers Association at its annual In its place, the ·committee would substi• the enormous war debt on the shoulders of meeting in Baton Rouge, La., on Decem tute a. new amendment restricting the tax the poor, causing the poor to become pOorer ber 7 and 8, 1944. This splendid resolu ing powers of Congress to 25 percent on all and to make the rich richer. tion by this group of alert teachers was incomes. The effect would be .to cut revenue "At the -same time, the war wounded and so drastically that all taxes except the in· the dependents of those who gave their lives. furnished me by my sympathetic col come tax would be impossible. The Town in battle can receive · nothing from the Fed league the gentleman from Louisiana. send plan, which advocates a gross income eral Government 1f this amendment .1a [Mr. ALLEN], to whom it was sent b:y that .tax! waul~ ~e ~-~lled. yi_r_~~aij7 the entire ado~ted.'~ . ·.
1945 ·cQN ..GRESSIO -N.AL ~ R~CORD~JiOUSE 36l
Representative PATMAN ·hit ·at the plan ·~ Congressman WRIGI'IT :PATMAN. of Texas ex DR. EDWA~D A. RUMELY wit~ plenty of ginger. Said the Congressman posed ~n the_floor of the House of Represent- · - (By Albert E. Kahn) heatedly: · atives ·on May 11, 1944, this threat .of Ameri "It is the way to convert a successful and can Fascists to destroy our Government. His·. (The third in a series of profiles on dangerous Americans) efficient democracy like our own into a, masterful address is found in CONGRESSIONAL Fascist state. The committee for constitu RECORD, May 11, 1944, pages 4328-4330. Dr. Edward A. Rumely calls himself a tional government, which is sponsoring t~is Here is how this amendment would work: "public relations expert." The· title is far' proposal which is referred to as the twenty While now a millionaire pays about $800,000 too ·modest. Something like "unofficial second amendment, is the outstanding Fas taxes on a million-dollar annual income, he · propaganda minister of American reaction" cist group in America. · (EDITOR's NoTE. would pay but $250,000 and .have $750,000 left. would be more appropriate. What Henry Frank ·Gannett, Republican newspaper pub John Doe,· who now pays about $175 on a Ford did for the auto industry, Rumely has lisher and the man who tried to suppress the $2,000 income, could, and no doubt would, done for the promotion of antidemocratic book Under Cover, is the founder and said ~ave his taxes increased to ~500. If the rich propaganda in the United States; Rumely to be the guiding genius of the group.) are so relieved, the poorer classes w
Corporation for the month of October. 1944; the Clerk of the House; to the Committee on to the Committee on Banking and ~rency. Rules. · · SENATE
PUiU;IC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS MEMORIALS Mo~oA.Y, JANUARY 22, 1945 Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public Under clause 3 of rule XXII, memo .. The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, bills and resolutions were introduced 'rials were presented and referred as fol .. when it was called to order by HARRY S. and severally referred as follows: lows: TRUMAN, of Missouri, Vice President of By Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN: By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis.. the United States, whose entrance into H. R. 1618. A bill to change interest rates lature of the State of Texas, requesting the the Senate Chamber was greeted with on loans secured by liens on United States appointment of a southern representative to applause. · Government life (converted) insurance -to the Interstate Commerce Commission; to the ' 3Yz percent; to the Committee on World Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown War Veterans• Legislation. merce. Harris, D. D., offered the- following By Mr. DWORSHAK: prayer: H. R. 1619. A bill to provide for the prompt PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Our Father God, to whom a thousand· closing of relocation centers maintained by the War Relocation Authority; to the Com- Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private years are ·as but one day, our brief stay mittee on Military Affairs. · bills and resolutions were introduced and is but as a watch in the night, yet, while By Mr. COLE of New York: severally referred as follows: last its ebbing hours, make us bold and H. R. 1620. A bill to provide for the reten By Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN: swift and brave to do Thy will. From tion of naval vessels;· to the· Committee on H. R. 1628. A bill for the relief of Mr. and this exalted chair of governance, bless Naval Affairs. Mrs. Walter M. Johnson; to the· Committee him who goes and pour the riches of ·By Mr. PITTENGER: on Claims. Thy grace upon him who comes. As the H. R. 1621. A bill to authorize payment of increased pension on account of dependents H. R.1629. A ·bill for the relief of Michael new Presislent of this body takes rever for any period not more than 1 year prior to C. Donatell; to the Committee •on Claims. ently into his hand today the historic receipt of evidence showing the existence of By Mr. BARRY: .. gavel into which -has seemed to enter such dependents; to the Committee on World H. R. 1630. A bill .for the relief of Lubell every decision since the Nation's found War Veterans' Legislation. Bros., Inc.; to the Committee on Claims. ing, may the mantle of the great public By Mr. WHITTE..l~: By Mr. CANNON of Florida: servants whose hands have grasped it fall H. R. 1622. A bill to provide for paY1llents H. R. 1631. A bill' for the relief of William in double portioh upon· him. Give him to the States· with respect to certain lands Tolar Smith; to the Committee on Claims, of the United States; to the Committee on By Mr. IZAC: fairness of appraisal, poise amid confu the Public Lands. H. R. 1632. A bill for the relief of James sion, the kindly heart, nobility of good By Mr. BLAND~ Owens; to the committee on War Claims. ness, and the simple faith in man that is · H. R.1623. A bili to amend section 511 (i) By Mr. JOHNSON of Indiana: more than coronets. of the Merchant Marine Act of .1936, as H. R. 1633. A .bilJ for the relief of Raymond. To the Chief Executive of the Republic. amended; to the Committee on the Merchant Crosby; to the Committee on Claims. as for a new term of his high office he·· Marine and Fisheries. By Mr. JENSEN: turns to problems more tragic ana . By Mr. LYNCH: H. R. 1634. A bill for the relief of the city H. R. !624. A bill to permit approXimately or Council Blutfs, Iowa; to the Committee on thorny than any man in history ever 3,000 natives of India who entered the United Claims. • · knew, may there be given the wisdom States prior to July 1, 1924, to become nat By Mr. LANHAM: from above; make clear and clean his uralized; to the Committee on Immigration H. R. 1635. A bill for the r·eHef of the estate eyes; steady his hand, as on the heaving and Naturalization. of R. A. Ellison, deceased; to the Committee . By Mr. RANDOLPH: bridge of our Ship of State he with us is on Claims. tossed by mountainous seas. ~