bindex.qxp 9/28/07 11:43 AM Page 213

INDEX

NOTE: Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations or maps.

Abe Yoritoki, 150 bows, 71 agriculture Buddhism, 118, 130. See also military recruitment and, 134–135 religion peasantry and, 27–30 buntori (head collecting), 2–7, 86, ranching, 38–40 87, 143 rice paddies, 23, 25, 38 bushi, 11. See also samurai Anaho Sumiyuki, 75, 121 Analects (Confucius), 141 calendar, 1 An Lu-shan, 15 cavalry,14, 53, 74 Antoku, Emperor, 126, 127 centipede legend, 94, archery,71–74, 150 156–158 architecture, 23, 88 Chang’an, 19 armor, 69–71, 70 Ch’ih Yu,9 arrows, 71–72 compounds, provincial government, Awa (province), 105, 116, 144, 23, 88 151–152 Confucius, 141 conscription laws, 13, 99, 135 bakufu (shogunate), 125 Council of State (daijokan), 29, 55, bandits, 84–85 61–63, 113 legend about Sadamori, 155–156 amnesty offered to Masakado’s uprisings inCOPYRIGHTED western provinces, MATERIALfollowers, 141 110–114 district magistrates, appointment Bando¯ (“East of the Slopes”), of, 78 defined, 21, 22 reaction to Masakado’s death, Bando¯ Fujiwara, 148 142–143 Bizen, 113 response to Masakado’s provincial bodhisattva, defined, 118 conquests, 105–109

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214 • INDEX

countryside, 33–34. See also Fujiwara Koremiki, 113 agriculture Fujiwara Kotaka, 113 Fujiwara Kunikaze, 144 Daigo, Emperor, 133 Fujiwara Kunimoto, 108–109 Do¯kyo¯, 118n Fujiwara Michinaga, 128, 151 Dried Infant (medicine), Fujiwara Morotada, 148–149 153n Fujiwara Murao, 132 Fujiwara Natsuno, 42n earthquakes, 83–85 Fujiwara Shigemochi, 147 emishi Fujiwara Sumitomo, 93, 110–114, defined, 84 143–146, 147 uprising of, 109–110 Fujiwara Tadabumi, 108–109, 137, Endo¯ Seizo¯, 6 141, 145 Fujiwara Tadahira, 40, 81–83, 97, feudalism, 27 120–124, 140 foot soldiers, 54 Fujiwara Tadanobu, 140–141, 143 Fujiwara Arihira, 81 Fujiwara Tamenori, 102–103, 121, Fujiwara Chiharu, 149 122, 128–132, 139–141, Fujiwara Fujinari, 132 147 Fujiwara Haruaki, 96, 100–103, 122, Fujiwara Tametada, 42n 140, 141 Fujiwara Tomomichi,84 Fujiwara Harumochi, 101–102, 116, Fujiwara To¯shikata, 108–109 135, 136–141 Fujiwara Toyozawa, 132 Fujiwara Hidesato, 1–3, 8, 92, 128 Fujiwara Tsunekiyo, 150 descendants of, 148 Fujiwara Tsunetoshi, 144–145 discovery of Masakado’s Fujiwara Uona, 132 “weakness,”10, 159–160 Fujiwara Yoshinori, 111, 114 legacy of, 149–150 Fukuda Toyohiko, 56–57, 138 legends about, 94, 156–159 pursued by Masakado, 132–134, Gempei War, 17, 43, 126–128 135–136 Genji, 35n, 126, 148n. See also rewarded for Masakado’s defeat, Minamoto 146–147 “Good Officials” (ryo¯shi), 29 Fujiwara Hiromasa, 104 Go-Shirakawa, Emperor, 127 Fujiwara Hisanori, 134 government Fujiwara Kamatari, 132 “acting” posts, 77n Fujiwara Korechika, 77, 96–103, alliances in, 30–34, 47–48 122, 147 aristocracy and, 15–16, 29–34 bindex.qxp 9/28/07 11:43 AM Page 215

INDEX • 215

centralized structure of, 26–27, Heian period, 30, 35. See also 62–63 government; military; district magistrates, 78–79 samurai “Good Officials” (ryo¯shi), 29 Heike monogatari (The Tale of the governors, 30, 78–79, 89 Heike), 43 insurrection of eastern provinces, Heike (Taira family), 126. See also 103–105 Heishi; Kammu Heishi; Ise lack of police force/army,17 Heishi land ownership and, 24–26, Heishi (Taira family), defined, 35n, 39–40, 44–48 148n office compounds, 23, 88 heishi (soldiers), 13 peasantry and, 27–30 helmets, 71 provincial government structure, Hidesato. See Fujiwara Hidesato 76–77 Hidesato-ryu¯ (“Hidesato line”) rewards as incentive, 98–99, 109, Fujiwara, 148n 112, 146–147 Hikoboshi, 146n shinno¯ ninkoku system, 42n, 96, Hitachi (province), 22, 37, 42, 119, 124 95, 96–103, 104–105, tax collection, 28–30, 33 128–132 Great Kanto¯ Earthquake (1923), 5 Ho¯nen, 59 gundan (provincial regiments), 13 Honshu, 30 horses, 14, 38–40, 53, 65–67, Hachiman, 116, 118–119. See also 74 oracle incident horseshoes, 67n Harima (province), 113 Haruaki. See Fujiwara Haruaki Ieyasu. See Tokugawa Ieyasu Harumochi. See Fujiwara immigrants, 30–34 Harumochi Imperial Police (kebiishi), 2, 55 Hasetsukabe family,77. See also infantry,14, 53 Musashi Takeshiba inheritance laws, 47–48 Hasetsukabe Koharumaru, 57–60 Inland Sea, 109–114, 111, Hasuamida-butsu, 4. See also Taira 143–146 Masakado intermarriage, 34 Hatori-no-shuku, 37 Inukai Harue, 38 Hayashi Rokuro¯, 139n Ise Heishi, 148, 152 head collecting, of enemies (buntori), Ishioka City,97 2–7, 86, 87, 143 Iwai City,137, 139n Heian-kyo¯. See Kyoto Izu (province), 105, 116 bindex.qxp 9/28/07 11:43 AM Page 216

216 • INDEX

Jingu¯, Empress Regnant, 118 raids on homes, 45–46 ju¯hyo¯ (warrior followers), 101 royal pastures, 39–40

Kamakura Shogunate, 149 maps, 46 Kammu, Emperor, 20, 35, 122, Inland Sea, 111 148n Masakado’s final battles, 135 Kammu Heishi, 35, 148n Masakado’s provincial conquests, Kamunagi (oracle), 118 105 Kanda Myo¯jin shrine, 4–7 To¯sando¯ road, 66 Kashima family,132 marriage, 34 Kashiwabara, Emperor, 7 Masakado. See Taira Masakado katana (sword), 72 “Masakado’s Crag,”114 Katshurahara Shinno¯, 42n Mass, Jeffrey,161 Kawachi (province), 96 Meiji Restoration, 4 Kawada Retsu, 5 military,53–54, 108 Kazusa (province), 104–105, 116 branches of, 14, 53 Kiso¯ Yoshinaka,127 horses for, 14, 39, 53, 65–67, 74 Kitayama Shigeo, 138 lack of army/police force, 17 Ki Yoshito, 112 o¯ryo¯shi title, 133–134, 147 Kiyowara Takenori, 150 professional warriors, 2 kokuga (provincial government recruitment, 134–135 office compounds), 23, 88 rewards as incentive, 98–99, 109, Konjaku monogatori shu¯, 81, 153, 112, 146–147 156 ritsuryo¯ (imperial state) system, Koremiki. See Fujiwara Koremiki 11–18, 38–39 24–26, 108 Kotaka. See Fujiwara Kotaka shinno¯ ninkoku system, 42n Kozaisho¯, 159–160 size of warbands, 64–68, 98–99 Ko¯zuke (province), 104–105, 106, “Supreme Commanders,”12 116, 120, 125 See also samurai Kubizuka, 4–7, 6 Minamoto family,35–40, 36, 48, Kudara Sadatsura, 81–83, 11 126. See also Genji kuwagata (helmet decoration), 71 Minamoto Katsurahara, 35 Kyoto, 19–21, 34, 113 Minamoto Mamoru, 36, 41–48, 55, 57n, 64, 120 land ownership, 24–26 Minamoto Mitsunaka, 148, 149 confiscation in military battles, Minamoto Mitsuru, 42 44–45 Minamoto Sadazumi, 35 property laws, 47–48 Minamoto Shigeru, 41–48 bindex.qxp 9/28/07 11:43 AM Page 217

INDEX • 217

Minamoto Sukenori, 121 Orihime, 146n Minamoto Takaaki, 133 o¯ryo¯shi (“envoy to subdue the Minamoto Takaakira, 148–149 territory”), 133–134, 147 Minamoto Takami, 35 Osada Maki, 74 Minamoto Takashi, 41–48 o¯sode (shoulder plates), 70. See also Minamoto Tasuku, 8, 41–48 armor Minamoto Tasuku (wife), 129–131 O¯ temachi, 4–7 Minamoto Tsunemoto, 35, 79–83, o¯yoroi (armor), 69–71, 70 106, 108–109, 121, 144, 147–148, 152 Pacification Headquarters, 37 Minamoto Yorinobu, 152 peasantry,13–14, 27–30 Minamoto Yoritomo, 125–128, 150, pirates, 84–85, 110–114, 143–146 152, 161 poetry,130–131 Minamoto Yoshitsune, 127 princes of the blood (shinno¯), 2n, Mitsu¯ji Chuzo¯, 5 119 Mochihito, Prince, 126 Mommu, Emperor, 20 quivers, 72 Morita Shigetani, 5 Murakami, Emperor, 149 rainbow incident, 84–85 Musashi Takeshiba, 77–83, 101 Rasho¯mon gate, 2, 19–20 Regents’ House (Sekkanke), 32, 132, Nagaoka, 20 149 Namekata, 96 religion, 25, 29, 30–34, 118, 130. See naming customs, 34, 35, 101–102 also government NHK, 67 rice loans (suiko), 25 Nimmyo¯ Genji, 42 ritsuryo¯ (imperial state) system, Nomoto, 41, 46, 80 11–18 noncombatants, treatment of, for assembling wartime armies, 129–131 108 land ownership and, 24–26 O¯ jin, Emperor, 118 royal pastures, 38–39 Okashira Jinja, 3 rural life, 33–34. See also agriculture Okiyo, Prince, 76–83, 96–97, 101, 116, 118–119, 140–143 Sadamori. See Taira Sadamori O¯ nakatomi Matayuki, 104 Sadazane Shinno¯, 42n Ono Yoshifuru, 144–146, 147 Saga, Emperor, 42 oracle incident, 116, 117–119. See Sagami (province), 105, 116 also Hachiman Sakanoue Katsutaka, 129, 136, 140 bindex.qxp 9/28/07 11:43 AM Page 218

218 • INDEX

samurai location of final battle, 139n ambush example, 90 Masakado and Haruaki, 101–103 descendants of, 17–18 Masakado and Okiyo, 80 inception of, 10–11 Masakado as New Emperor, 119 residences, 91 Masakado’s army,128 size of warbands, 64–68, 98–99 oracle incident, 117–119 warfare tactics, 43–48, 53–54, Sadamori, 64 68–74, 90, 129–131 Sadamori’s wife, 130-131 See also military; bushi Tasuku’s ambush of Masakado, Sashima (district), 21–23 45, 47 Sasoku Seiji, 5 Tsunemoto, 147, 148 Sawara (district), 20 Sho¯mu, Emperor, 20 sea routes, 110. See also pirates Sho¯toku, Empress Regnant, 118n Seiwa, Emperor, 35, 148n So¯ma Masakado, 114. See also Taira Seiwa Genji, 35, 148. See also Masakado Minamoto suiko (rice loans), 25 Sekkanke (Regents’ House), 32, 132, swords, 72–73 149 serpent legend, 156–158 Tachibana Chikayasu, 84 servants, 155 tachi (sword), 72 shields, 54, 54–55 Tadaki, 121n Shimo¯sa (province), 22, 37, 96, 105, Taika Reforms, 12 116 Taira family,35–40, 36, 48, 126. See Shimozuke (province), 52–55, also Heike; Heishi 103–104, 104–105, 116, 125 Taira Kimimasa, 56–57, 142–143, shinno¯ ninkoku system, 42n, 96, 119, 151 124 Taira Kimimoto, 56–57 shinno¯ (princes of the blood), 42n, Taira Kintsura, 56–57, 108–109, 96, 119, 124 140–141, 143, 151 Shinto¯, 118, 130. See also religion Taira Kiyomori, 125–127, 152 shogi (oracle), 118 Taira Kiyomoto, 108 shogunate (bakufu), 125 Taira Kojiro¯ (childhood sobriquet sho¯gun (general), 108 for Masakado), 39 Sho¯monki (The Masakado Records), Taira Korehira, 151–152 9–10, 43, 115–116, 123–124, Taira Koremasa, 151 140–141 Taira Korenobu, 151, 153–155 Fujiwara Haruaki, 96 Taira Koresuke, 75–76 Hitachi insurrection, 97 Taira Koretoki, 151 bindex.qxp 9/28/07 11:43 AM Page 219

INDEX • 219

Taira Koretoshi, 151 Yoshimasa-Yoshikane alliance Taira Koreyoshi, 125, 128 against, 48–52, 64 Taira Kunika, 37, 48, 57n, 96 Taira Masamori, 152 Taira Maki, 43 Taira Masatake (Masakado’s Taira Masahira, 116–117 brother), 84 Taira Masakado Taira Masayori, 140 ambushed by Tasuku, 41–48, 46 Taira Munemori, 127 birth of, 39–40 Taira Naokata, 151, 152 death of, 2–7, 86, 87, 142–143 Taira Sadamori, 8, 37, 42, 64–68, defeat of, 1–3, 8–9, 139–141 74–76, 103, 128 deputized, 61–62 alliance with Yoshimasa and descendants of, 151 Yoshikane, 51–52 eastern provinces captured by, arrow wound legend about, 153- 103–105, 105, 116, 118–119, 155 124–125 bandit legend about, 155–156 family lineage of, 35–40 battle with Masakado, 136–141 family taken hostage, 56–57 defeat of, 1–3 final battles of, 135, 136–141 descendants of, 148 as Hasuamida-butsu, 4 Hidesato and, 134 homes of, 21, 39, 58–59, 92, Hitachi insurrection and, 137 97–99 legacy of, 7–10, 18, 160–162 Korechika and, 96 legends about, 3–7, 10, 16, legacy of, 151–152 152–153, 158–160 in Masakado’s letter to Tadahira, letter to Tadahira, 120–124, 140 121 marriage of, 40 Masakado’s pursuit of, 128–132, as “New Emperor,”8–9, 95, 134–136 115–120, 125 raid on Masakado’s home, 92 Okiyo alliance with, 76–83 rewarded for Masakado’s defeat, Sadamori pursued by,64–68, 146, 147 74–76, 128–132 wife of, 129–131 Shimozuke battle and, 52–55 Taira Shigehira, 127 supernatural vulnerability of, 10, Taira Shigemori, 128, 151 159–160 Taira Tadatsune, 151–152, 161–162 Tamenori pursued by,128–132 Taira Takamochi, 36, 37, 96 western uprisings and, 109–114 Taira Tokuko, 126 Yoshikane’s retaliation against, Taira Tomomori, 127 52–60 Taira Yoshifumi,42, 151 bindex.qxp 9/28/07 11:43 AM Page 220

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Taira Yoshikane, 8, 37, 40, 42, 151 To¯sando¯ road, 66, 75 alliance with Yoshimasa,48–52, Totori Naritoshi, 132 64 Toyoda (district), 21–23 attack on Masakado by,52–60 travel, 21, 110 in Masakado’s letter to Tadahira, 120–121 Uruma Tokikuni,59 Taira Yoshimasa,42, 48–52, 64 Taira Yoshimochi,37–40, 96 waka form, of poetry,131 Taji Tsuneaki, 129, 136 weaponry,2, 11 Takeshiba. See Musashi Takeshiba archery,71–74 Tamenori. See Fujiwara Tamenori armor, 69–71, 70 Tanabata, 146n helmets, 71 Tang China, 13, 15, 19 shields, 54, 54–55 Tate Morotada, 153 swords, 72–73 Tawara To¯da (Fujiwara Hidesato) World War II, 5–6 legends, 156–158 taxes, 28–30, 33 Yoshikane. See Taira Yoshikane Teishin ko¯ki (diary of Fujiwara Yoshimochi. See Taira Tadahira), 120, 121n Yoshimochi Tenji,Emperor, 12 To¯goku (the East), 21 zaicho¯ kanjin,78 Tokugawa Ieyasu, 4 zo¯shikinin,78 Tokyo, 4–7 bindex.qxp 9/28/07 11:43 AM Page 221 bindex.qxp 9/28/07 11:43 AM Page 222 bindex.qxp 9/28/07 11:43 AM Page 223 bindex.qxp 9/28/07 11:43 AM Page 224 bindex.qxp 9/28/07 11:43 AM Page 225 bindex.qxp 9/28/07 11:43 AM Page 226 bindex.qxp 9/28/07 11:43 AM Page 227 bindex.qxp 9/28/07 11:43 AM Page 228