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Sunshine in Korea
CENTER FOR ASIA PACIFIC POLICY International Programs at RAND CHILDREN AND FAMILIES The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that EDUCATION AND THE ARTS helps improve policy and decisionmaking through ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT research and analysis. HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE This electronic document was made available from INFRASTRUCTURE AND www.rand.org as a public service of the RAND TRANSPORTATION Corporation. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LAW AND BUSINESS NATIONAL SECURITY Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Support RAND Purchase this document TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Browse Reports & Bookstore Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND Center for Asia Pacific Policy View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND website is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. The monograph/report was a product of the RAND Corporation from 1993 to 2003. RAND monograph/reports presented major research findings that addressed the challenges facing the public and private sectors. They included executive summaries, technical documentation, and synthesis pieces. Sunshine in Korea The South Korean Debate over Policies Toward North Korea Norman D. -
Timeline Korean Conflict-1950
Timeline Korean Conflict-1950 June 25 North Korean Army invades South Korea. June 25 June 26 June 26 June 27 July 3 United States forces clash with North Korean forces. July 4 July 7 UN Res. 84 request U.S. designate a commander of UN forces in Korea. July 8 Gen. Douglas MacArthur named commander of UN forces in Korea. September 1 North Korean divisions open assault on UN lines. September 1 October 1 South Korean troops cross 38th parallel to North Korea. October 6 October 7 United States forces cross 38th parallel to North Korea. October 15 October 19 UN forces enter the capital Pyongyang, North Korea. November 4 United States troops vacate Pyongyang, North Korea. December 28 Chinese troops cross 38th parallel into South Korea. Student Name: ________________________________ Class Period: _________ Date: ______________ Korean Conflict-1950 Who was really in charge of the Korean War; United Nations or the United States? Description of What evidence supports What evidence supports Why is this evidence Source (Author, the United States? the United Nations? significant? Date & Title) Source 3 Source 4 Source 5 Based on the evidence, who was really in charge of the Korean conflict? Description of What evidence supports What evidence supports Why is this evidence Source (Author, the United States? the United Nations? significant? Date & Title) Source 6 Source 7 Based on the evidence, who was really in charge of the Korean conflict? Student Name: ________________________________ Class Period: _________ Date: ______________ Description of What evidence supports What evidence supports Why is this evidence Source (Author, the United States? the United Nations? significant? Date & Title) Source 8 Source 9 Based on the evidence, who was really in charge of the Korean conflict? Final Assessment: Student Editorial An editorial is a form of persuasive writing that is meant to provide the writer an opportunity to express to the reader their position over a specific topic. -
Warriors, Katchi Kapshida! 2019D 2I /RUC Calendar Inside 2 the INDIANHEAD INDIANHEAD December 2018 Vol
December 2018 VOL. 55, ISSUE 12 December 2018 1 HEADQUARTERS, CAMP Humphreys, REPUBLIC OF KOREA INDIANHEAD SERVING THE 2ND INFANTRY DIVISION COMMUNITY SINCE 1963 WWW.2ID.KOREA.ARMY.MIL WARRIORS, KATCHI KAPSHIDA! 2019D 2I /RUC CALENDAR INSIDE 2 THE INDIANHEAD INDIANHEAD December 2018 vol. 55, issue 12 PHOTO OF THE MONTH (Photo of the Month) A M109A6 Paladin from Battery B, 1st Battalion, 4th Field Artillery Regiment, 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division Features fires a 155mm inert training round during the Table VI Gunnery exercise Dec. 5 at Firing Point 95, Republic Of Korea. Table VI Gunnery is an annual training requirement for Field Artillery units to qualify individual howitzer crews and 03 Leader’s Corner platoon Fire Direction Centers. This training focuses on overall readiness and maintaining Field Artillery core competencies at the section level. (U.S. Army 04 Indianhead Legacy photo by 1st. Lt. Sean M. Kealey, 4-1 Field Artillery) 05 Warriors on the Street/Ask the Doc 06 2019 2ID/RUCD Calendar 30 The 2nd Engineer Battalion commemorates Battle of Kunu-ri 32 Travel Korea 34 U.S. Army pilots, first responders to Korean helicopter crash 35 Regiment Page Soldiers assigned to the 2nd Engineer Battalion,30 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division reenact the Battle of Kunu-Ri in which battalion commander Lt. Col. Alarich Zacherle gave the order to burn the battalion colors to prevent them from becoming a Chinese war trophy Nov. 30 at Camp Casey, Republic of Korea. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Alon Humphrey, 3rd ABCT, 1st AD Public Affairs) December 2018 33 INDIANHEAD Maj. -
Military Transformation on the Korean Peninsula: Technology Versus Geography
THE UNIVERSITY OF HULL Military Transformation on the Korean Peninsula: Technology Versus Geography Being a Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy At the University of Hull By Soon Ho Lee BA, Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea, 2004 MA, The University of Birmingham, United Kingdom, 2005 MRes, King’s College London, United Kingdom, 2006 1 Acknowledgement I am the most grateful to my Supervisor Dr. David Lonsdale for his valuable academic advice and support during the long PhD journey. To reach this stage, I have had invaluable support from my family back in Korea and my dear wife Jin Heon. I would also like to thank my family for being so patient while I was researching. During this journey, I have obtained a precious jewel in my daughter, Da Hyeon. I will pray for you all my life. I would like to give special thanks to my late grandfather who gave me the greatest love, and taught me the importance of family. 2 Thesis Summary This thesis provides an explanation of one RMA issue: the effectiveness of contemporary military technology against tough geography, based upon case studies in the Korean peninsula. The originality of the thesis is that it will provide a sound insight for potential foes’ approach to the dominant US military power (superior technology and sustenance of war). The North Korean defence strategy – using their edge in geography and skill – tried to protect themselves from the dominant US power, but it may be impossible to deter or defeat them with technological superiority alone. -
The United States Atomic Army, 1956-1960 Dissertation
INTIMIDATING THE WORLD: THE UNITED STATES ATOMIC ARMY, 1956-1960 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Paul C. Jussel, B.A., M.M.A.S., M.S.S. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2004 Dissertation Committee Approved by Professor Allan R. Millett, Advisor Professor John R. Guilmartin __________________ Professor William R. Childs Advisor Department of History ABSTRACT The atomic bomb created a new military dynamic for the world in 1945. The bomb, if used properly, could replace the artillery fires and air-delivered bombs used to defeat the concentrated force of an enemy. The weapon provided the U.S. with an unparalleled advantage over the rest of the world, until the Soviet Union developed its own bomb by 1949 and symmetry in warfare returned. Soon, theories of warfare changed to reflect the belief that the best way to avoid the effects of the bomb was through dispersion of forces. Eventually, the American Army reorganized its divisions from the traditional three-unit organization to a new five-unit organization, dubbed pentomic by its Chief of Staff, General Maxwell D. Taylor. While atomic weapons certainly had an effect on Taylor’s reasoning to adopt the pentomic organization, the idea was not new in 1956; the Army hierarchy had been wrestling with restructuring since the end of World War II. Though the Korean War derailed the Army’s plans for the early fifties, it returned to the forefront under the Eisenhower Administration. The driving force behind reorganization in 1952 was not ii only the reoriented and reduced defense budget, but also the Army’s inroads to the atomic club, formerly the domain of only the Air Force and the Navy. -
South Korean Efforts to Counter North Korean Aggression
http://www.au.af.mil/au/csds/ South Korean Efforts to Counter North The Trinity Site Korean Aggression Papers By Major Aaron C. Baum, USAF http://www.au.af.mil/au/csds/ Recent North Korean nuclear aggression has raised debates Prior to the armistice, President Dwight Eisenhower signaled about how the United States should secure its interests in North- his willingness to use nuclear weapons to end the Korean Con- east Asia. However, any action on the peninsula should consid- flict. He then reiterated his resolve should China and North Ko- er the security preferences of American allies, especially the rea reinitiate hostilities.3 From 1958 to 1991, the United States Republic of Korea (ROK). With militaristic rhetoric coming stationed nuclear artillery, bombs, and missiles in South Korea from the Trump administration, the question arises of how im- to counter a North Korean invasion.4 Further, in 1975 the Ford portant U.S. policy is to the actions of our Korean allies in administration affirmed that the United States would consider countering North Korean (DPRK) nuclear aggression. Thus, it the use of nuclear weapons in a conflict “likely to result in de- is important to review nuclear crises of the past and the align- feat in any area of great importance to the United States in Asia ment of U.S. and ROK policy toward Pyongyang. This paper … including Korea.”5 reviews three periods of nuclear crisis on the Korean Peninsula It was not until 1978 at the 11th Security Consultative and argues that U.S. military policy is not the sole factor deter- Mechanism (SCM) that extended nuclear deterrence was for- mining South Korean response to DPRK nuclear provocation. -
Korean War Timeline America's Forgotten War by Kallie Szczepanski, About.Com Guide
Korean War Timeline America's Forgotten War By Kallie Szczepanski, About.com Guide At the close of World War II, the victorious Allied Powers did not know what to do with the Korean Peninsula. Korea had been a Japanese colony since the late nineteenth century, so westerners thought the country incapable of self-rule. The Korean people, however, were eager to re-establish an independent nation of Korea. Background to the Korean War: July 1945 - June 1950 Library of Congress Potsdam Conference, Russians invade Manchuria and Korea, US accepts Japanese surrender, North Korean People's Army activated, U.S. withdraws from Korea, Republic of Korea founded, North Korea claims entire peninsula, Secretary of State Acheson puts Korea outside U.S. security cordon, North Korea fires on South, North Korea declares war July 24, 1945- President Truman asks for Russian aid against Japan, Potsdam Aug. 8, 1945- 120,000 Russian troops invade Manchuria and Korea Sept. 9, 1945- U.S. accept surrender of Japanese south of 38th Parallel Feb. 8, 1948- North Korean People's Army (NKA) activated April 8, 1948- U.S. troops withdraw from Korea Aug. 15, 1948- Republic of Korea founded. Syngman Rhee elected president. Sept. 9, 1948- Democratic People's Republic (N. Korea) claims entire peninsula Jan. 12, 1950- Sec. of State Acheson says Korea is outside US security cordon June 25, 1950- 4 am, North Korea opens fire on South Korea over 38th Parallel June 25, 1950- 11 am, North Korea declares war on South Korea North Korea's Ground Assault Begins: June - July 1950 Department of Defense / National Archives UN Security Council calls for ceasefire, South Korean President flees Seoul, UN Security Council pledges military help for South Korea, U.S. -
Application of Jus in Bello in the Cheonan and Yeonpyeong Island Attacks
War on the Korean Peninsula? Application of Jus in Bello in the Cheonan and Yeonpyeong Island Attacks Seunghyun Sally Nam* The media often reports that the Korean Peninsula remains technically in a state of war, but there remains uncertainty about whether its countries are still legally at war. On December 6, 2010, the International Criminal Court (ICC) released a statement that it was initiating a preliminary examination to determine whether it had jurisdiction over the sinking of the South Korean warship Cheonan by a North Korean submarine, as well as over North Korean artillery attacks near Yeonpyeong Island. For the two attacks to fall under the jurisdiction of the ICC, they must be found to be “war crimes,” which would require that the laws of war (jus in bello) be in effect at the times they were committed. Because the signing of the Korean * S.J.D. Candidate, University of Pennsylvania Law School; M.Jur, Oxford University, 2007; LL.M, Korea University, 2009; LL.B, Korea University, 2004. The author thanks Professors Dapo Akande, Jean Galbraith, Boris Kondoch for their thoughts and comments on an earlier draft of the Article. The author also appreciates invaluable comments from Dr. You Ki-Jun and Mr. Hwang Jun-Shik at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade in Seoul, Korea. This Article does not represent the view of the Korean government. Special thanks to the editors at the University of Pennsylvania East Asia Law Review for their excellent editing and feedback. Lastly, the author is grateful to Professors Park Ki-Gab and Jung Kyung-Soo for their mentorship, and her family for their continuous support. -
Our Heroes and Heroines Deserve a War Memorial: Discuss
Our heroes and heroines deserve a war memorial: Discuss By Eyassu Ephraim: London UK Recently the Ethiopia National Defence Force have celebrated their colourful annual day. On that occasion, ETV broadcasted the “Documentary on PM Meles and his immense contribution as a military strategist on top of his political leadership role building the new Ethiopia!1” under the title of Meles Ende Wetaderawi Mehandis2. From this documentary we learn so much about Meles and his exceptional ability of overall leadership. According to the documentary and the testimony presented by his comrades, His Excellency Addisu Legese and others praised his unequivocal military skill. One of Meles’ leadership skills was to shine by postulating a new military science according to time, place and need. The best aspect of his military leadership is, unlike his predecessors, his ability to produce an original military doctrine unique to Ethiopia, arguably unique in world military history. Undoubtedly his military skill and strategy have led to unprecedented victory over the Derg, Eritrea and Somalia. If this was not the case, we would not be what we are today. Here I raise my hat to his skill, legacy and to our National Defence Force. Having said that, my main interest is not to discuss the Ethiopian National Defence Day or Meles military leadership skill; instead as I have indicated in the title of this article I would like to state a few points on the issue of our obligation as a nation to remember and commemorate our heroes and heroines. In fact I have raised this issue at the Ethiopian Embassy in London when His Excellency Dr. -
Korean War Veterans Association Inc
Staff Officers The Graybeards Presidential Envoy to UN Forces: Kathleen Wyosnick The Magazine for Members and Veterans of the Korean War. P.O. Box 3716, Saratoga, CA 95070 The Graybeards is the official publication of the Korean War Veterans PH: 408-253-3068 FAX: 408-973-8449 Association, PO Box, 10806, Arlington, VA 22210, and is published six times Judge Advocate: Edward L. Magill per year for members of the Association. (See 1st Vice President) EDITOR Vincent A. Krepps Exec. Dir. for Washington, DC Affairs: J. Norbert Reiner 24 Goucher Woods Ct. Towson, MD 21286-5655 6632 Kirkley Ave., McLean, VA 22101-5510 PH: 410-828-8978 FAX: 410-828-7953 PH/FAX: 703-893-6313 E-MAIL: [email protected] National Chaplain: Irvin L. Sharp, MEMBERSHIP Nancy Monson 16317 Ramond, Maple Hights, OH 44137 PO Box 10806, Arlington, VA 22210 PH: 216-475-3121 PH: 703-522-9629 National Asst. Chaplain: Howard L. Camp PUBLISHER Finisterre Publishing Incorporated 430 S. Stadium Dr., Xenia, OH 45385 PO Box 12086, Gainesville, FL 32604 PH: 937-372-6403 PH: 352-332-3548 E-MAIL: [email protected] National Service Director: J. Norbert Reiner National KWVA Headquarters 6632 Kirkley Ave., McLean, VA 22101-5510 PH/FAX: 703-893-6313 PRESIDENT Harley J. Coon TREASURER Dan J. Nickolas National VA/VS Representative: Norman S. Kantor 4120 Industrial Lane, Beavercreek, OH 45430 138 Locust Avenue, New Rochelle, NY 10805-3510 PH: 937-426-5105 or PH/FAX: 937-426-8415 PH: 914-632-5827 FAX: 914-633-7963 Office Hours: 9am to 5 pm (EST) Mon.–Fri. -
Macarthur at Inchon
Kinni_CH01.qxd 1/4/05 11:13 AM Page 3 Chapter 1 MacArthur at Inchon eneral Douglas MacArthur stood at the bow of the Mount McKinley, the flagship of Task Force 90, facing the coast of South GKorea in the darkness ahead. It was 2:30 a.m. on September 15, 1950. Operation Chromite, MacArthur’s audacious amphibious invasion of the port city of Inchon, was scheduled to begin at dawn. MacArthur’s confidence throughout the planning of Chromite, which he had conceived to wrest control of the Korean War and liberate South Korea from the North Korean invaders, had been complete and seemingly unshakable. Yet, in the tense hours before dawn, he obviously felt the full weight of leadership. “Within five hours, 40,000 men would act boldly, in the hope that 100,000 others manning the defense lines of South Korea would not die,” he later wrote. “I alone was responsible for tomorrow, and if I failed, the dreadful results would rest on judgment day against my soul.” For MacArthur, it was a portentous moment in an extraordinary life. The five-star general (one of only five Army officers who attained the rank) was standing at the pinnacle of a career that had stretched more than half a century. At age 70, MacArthur was the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, a position that made him the de facto leader of Occupied Japan and its 82 million citizens. Simultaneously, he was the Kinni_CH01.qxd 1/4/05 11:13 AM Page 4 4 No Substitute for Victory Commander in Chief of the United Nations Command, a position that made him the military leader of the allied forces in the Korean War, which to this point had been a bitterly fought defensive action. -
Command Sergeant Major Pedro Calleja U.S. Army, Korean War
Command Sergeant Major Pedro Calleja U.S. Army, Korean War CSM Pedro Calleja was inducted into the U.S. Army on July 24, 1952 and sent to 16 weeks of basic Infantry Training and 6 weeks of Leadership School at Fort Riley, Kansas. In February of 1953 Calleja arrived in Korea and was assigned to Company B, 17th Infantry Regiment of the 7th Infantry Division. In May he was attached to Company C of the Colombian Infantry Bn., from Columbia, South America and serving in the infamous Battle of Pork Chop Hill. The Battle of Pork Chop Hill was comprised of several related Korean War infantry battles during the spring and summer of 1953 between the U.S., Communist Chinese, Koreans and UN soldiers. For duty in Korea, CSM Calleja was awarded the Combat Infantry Badge, Korean Service Medal with 2 Bronze Stars, United Nations Service Medal, National Defense Service Medal, Good Conduct Medal and the Columbian Combat Infantry Badge. After returning to Mercer County, CSM Calleja served 33 years in the Army Reserves at the Pendel-Caminiti Reserve Center in Farrell, PA where he held various positions from Squad Leader, Platoon Sgt., Training NCO, First Sergeant of the 858th Quarter Master Company and finishing his career as Command Sergeant Major of the 402nd Quarter Master Bn. He retired in 1987. CSM Calleja and his wife, Margaret, have been married for 59 years. They are the proud parents of daughter Catherine Tinglum who is a retired Army Captain and her husband, Hillis, a retired LT. Col. from the Wisconsin National Guard; a daughter Lori Rendick who is a retired Army Master Sergeant and her husband, Gary.