Command Sergeant Major Pedro Calleja U.S. Army, Korean War

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Command Sergeant Major Pedro Calleja U.S. Army, Korean War Command Sergeant Major Pedro Calleja U.S. Army, Korean War CSM Pedro Calleja was inducted into the U.S. Army on July 24, 1952 and sent to 16 weeks of basic Infantry Training and 6 weeks of Leadership School at Fort Riley, Kansas. In February of 1953 Calleja arrived in Korea and was assigned to Company B, 17th Infantry Regiment of the 7th Infantry Division. In May he was attached to Company C of the Colombian Infantry Bn., from Columbia, South America and serving in the infamous Battle of Pork Chop Hill. The Battle of Pork Chop Hill was comprised of several related Korean War infantry battles during the spring and summer of 1953 between the U.S., Communist Chinese, Koreans and UN soldiers. For duty in Korea, CSM Calleja was awarded the Combat Infantry Badge, Korean Service Medal with 2 Bronze Stars, United Nations Service Medal, National Defense Service Medal, Good Conduct Medal and the Columbian Combat Infantry Badge. After returning to Mercer County, CSM Calleja served 33 years in the Army Reserves at the Pendel-Caminiti Reserve Center in Farrell, PA where he held various positions from Squad Leader, Platoon Sgt., Training NCO, First Sergeant of the 858th Quarter Master Company and finishing his career as Command Sergeant Major of the 402nd Quarter Master Bn. He retired in 1987. CSM Calleja and his wife, Margaret, have been married for 59 years. They are the proud parents of daughter Catherine Tinglum who is a retired Army Captain and her husband, Hillis, a retired LT. Col. from the Wisconsin National Guard; a daughter Lori Rendick who is a retired Army Master Sergeant and her husband, Gary. Calleja and his wife also have a son, Gary, a retired USAR Captain and his wife, Renee. The Calleja's oldest son, Raymond, an Army Sergeant, was killed in an accident at Fort Hood, Texas in 1978. The family is completed by a circle of nine grandchildren and three great-grandchildren. Calleja is quoted as saying "We are a proud Army family". .
Recommended publications
  • The United States Atomic Army, 1956-1960 Dissertation
    INTIMIDATING THE WORLD: THE UNITED STATES ATOMIC ARMY, 1956-1960 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Paul C. Jussel, B.A., M.M.A.S., M.S.S. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2004 Dissertation Committee Approved by Professor Allan R. Millett, Advisor Professor John R. Guilmartin __________________ Professor William R. Childs Advisor Department of History ABSTRACT The atomic bomb created a new military dynamic for the world in 1945. The bomb, if used properly, could replace the artillery fires and air-delivered bombs used to defeat the concentrated force of an enemy. The weapon provided the U.S. with an unparalleled advantage over the rest of the world, until the Soviet Union developed its own bomb by 1949 and symmetry in warfare returned. Soon, theories of warfare changed to reflect the belief that the best way to avoid the effects of the bomb was through dispersion of forces. Eventually, the American Army reorganized its divisions from the traditional three-unit organization to a new five-unit organization, dubbed pentomic by its Chief of Staff, General Maxwell D. Taylor. While atomic weapons certainly had an effect on Taylor’s reasoning to adopt the pentomic organization, the idea was not new in 1956; the Army hierarchy had been wrestling with restructuring since the end of World War II. Though the Korean War derailed the Army’s plans for the early fifties, it returned to the forefront under the Eisenhower Administration. The driving force behind reorganization in 1952 was not ii only the reoriented and reduced defense budget, but also the Army’s inroads to the atomic club, formerly the domain of only the Air Force and the Navy.
    [Show full text]
  • Korean War Timeline America's Forgotten War by Kallie Szczepanski, About.Com Guide
    Korean War Timeline America's Forgotten War By Kallie Szczepanski, About.com Guide At the close of World War II, the victorious Allied Powers did not know what to do with the Korean Peninsula. Korea had been a Japanese colony since the late nineteenth century, so westerners thought the country incapable of self-rule. The Korean people, however, were eager to re-establish an independent nation of Korea. Background to the Korean War: July 1945 - June 1950 Library of Congress Potsdam Conference, Russians invade Manchuria and Korea, US accepts Japanese surrender, North Korean People's Army activated, U.S. withdraws from Korea, Republic of Korea founded, North Korea claims entire peninsula, Secretary of State Acheson puts Korea outside U.S. security cordon, North Korea fires on South, North Korea declares war July 24, 1945- President Truman asks for Russian aid against Japan, Potsdam Aug. 8, 1945- 120,000 Russian troops invade Manchuria and Korea Sept. 9, 1945- U.S. accept surrender of Japanese south of 38th Parallel Feb. 8, 1948- North Korean People's Army (NKA) activated April 8, 1948- U.S. troops withdraw from Korea Aug. 15, 1948- Republic of Korea founded. Syngman Rhee elected president. Sept. 9, 1948- Democratic People's Republic (N. Korea) claims entire peninsula Jan. 12, 1950- Sec. of State Acheson says Korea is outside US security cordon June 25, 1950- 4 am, North Korea opens fire on South Korea over 38th Parallel June 25, 1950- 11 am, North Korea declares war on South Korea North Korea's Ground Assault Begins: June - July 1950 Department of Defense / National Archives UN Security Council calls for ceasefire, South Korean President flees Seoul, UN Security Council pledges military help for South Korea, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Our Heroes and Heroines Deserve a War Memorial: Discuss
    Our heroes and heroines deserve a war memorial: Discuss By Eyassu Ephraim: London UK Recently the Ethiopia National Defence Force have celebrated their colourful annual day. On that occasion, ETV broadcasted the “Documentary on PM Meles and his immense contribution as a military strategist on top of his political leadership role building the new Ethiopia!1” under the title of Meles Ende Wetaderawi Mehandis2. From this documentary we learn so much about Meles and his exceptional ability of overall leadership. According to the documentary and the testimony presented by his comrades, His Excellency Addisu Legese and others praised his unequivocal military skill. One of Meles’ leadership skills was to shine by postulating a new military science according to time, place and need. The best aspect of his military leadership is, unlike his predecessors, his ability to produce an original military doctrine unique to Ethiopia, arguably unique in world military history. Undoubtedly his military skill and strategy have led to unprecedented victory over the Derg, Eritrea and Somalia. If this was not the case, we would not be what we are today. Here I raise my hat to his skill, legacy and to our National Defence Force. Having said that, my main interest is not to discuss the Ethiopian National Defence Day or Meles military leadership skill; instead as I have indicated in the title of this article I would like to state a few points on the issue of our obligation as a nation to remember and commemorate our heroes and heroines. In fact I have raised this issue at the Ethiopian Embassy in London when His Excellency Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Korean War
    N ATIO N AL A RCHIVES R ECORDS R ELATI N G TO The Korean War R EFE R ENCE I NFO R MAT I ON P A P E R 1 0 3 COMPILED BY REBEccA L. COLLIER N ATIO N AL A rc HIVES A N D R E C O R DS A DMI N IST R ATIO N W ASHI N GTO N , D C 2 0 0 3 N AT I ONAL A R CH I VES R ECO R DS R ELAT I NG TO The Korean War COMPILED BY REBEccA L. COLLIER R EFE R ENCE I NFO R MAT I ON P A P E R 103 N ATIO N AL A rc HIVES A N D R E C O R DS A DMI N IST R ATIO N W ASHI N GTO N , D C 2 0 0 3 United States. National Archives and Records Administration. National Archives records relating to the Korean War / compiled by Rebecca L. Collier.—Washington, DC : National Archives and Records Administration, 2003. p. ; 23 cm.—(Reference information paper ; 103) 1. United States. National Archives and Records Administration.—Catalogs. 2. Korean War, 1950-1953 — United States —Archival resources. I. Collier, Rebecca L. II. Title. COVER: ’‘Men of the 19th Infantry Regiment work their way over the snowy mountains about 10 miles north of Seoul, Korea, attempting to locate the enemy lines and positions, 01/03/1951.” (111-SC-355544) REFERENCE INFORMATION PAPER 103: NATIONAL ARCHIVES RECORDS RELATING TO THE KOREAN WAR Contents Preface ......................................................................................xi Part I INTRODUCTION SCOPE OF THE PAPER ........................................................................................................................1 OVERVIEW OF THE ISSUES .................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • 1St Qtr 2003
    PASS IN REVIEW “Shedding Light On Idaho’s Military History” 1st Quarter March 2003 KOREAN CONFLICT 50TH ANNIVERSARY This edition is the fourth and final edition in a series tracks are destroyed. Further attacks on irrigation dams commemorating the Korean Conflict. follow over the next two weeks. 1953 h June 15 - USS Princeton launches 184 sorties, establishing a single-day Korean War record for offensive After halting the sorties flown from a carrier. Navy and Marine Corps aircraft Communist Chinese Forces fly 910 sorties – the highest combined number for a single (CCF) advance, day. the U.N. Forces h June 30 - FEAF Sabres destroy 16 MiGs, the largest conducted a number shot down in one day. series of well executed attacks, h July 6-10 - Battle of Pork Chop Hill. The 7th Inf Div is recovering Seoul. ordered to evacuate its defensive positions after five days of fighting. Hostilities eventually ceased hJuly 13-20 - Battle of Kumsong River Salient. Last along Armistice Communist offensive. CCF launches a six-division attack line located near partly directed at the U.S. IX Corps (3rd, 40th, 45th Inf Div’s). the 38th Parallel.1 The 187th RCT is attached to 2nd Inf Div during the fighting. h July 24-26 - Final U.S. ground combat. Heavy enemy h Jan. 25 - (3,000 men) attack is launched in the Berlin Complex Operation SMACK. Assault on Spud Hill by elements of the (“Boulder City”) area held by the 7th and 1st Marine st th 31 Infantry Regiment (7 Infantry Division). Regiments. Last Marine ground actions of the war are h th fought on Hills 111 and 119.
    [Show full text]
  • Generic Vs Viagra
    Coming to South Korea’s Aid: The Contributions of the UNC Coalition Terence Roehrig1 U.S. Naval War College ABSTRACT Soon after the North Korean invasion on June 25, 1950, the United Nations Security Council called for assistance to defend the South. Though South Korea and the United States carried the vast majority of the responsibility and costs of the war, 15 countries provided direct military assistance to the UN effort in Korea. This article examines the motivations and contributions of these 15 countries that joined the United States and South Korea in the United Nations Command. Keywords: Korean War, United Nations Command, NATO, South Korea International Journal of Korean Studies · Vol. XV, No. 1 63 Introduction On June 25, 1950, North Korean troops and tanks rolled across the 38th parallel in a bid to reunify the peninsula. After receiving word of the invasion, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) passed a resolution that called for a halt to the hostilities and for North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea – DPRK) to withdraw its forces back across the 38th parallel. When it was clear that Pyongyang would not heed the UN call, the Security Council passed another resolution that called on members to provide assistance to repel the North Korean attack and restore peace and security in Korea. Subsequently, the UN formed the United Nations Command (UNC) to organize member contributions for the UN response to North Korean aggression, and authorized the United States to take the lead of the UNC. Many countries offered assistance of some type, but in the end, a total of 16 countries sent military assistance to join the UNC in defending South Korea.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Introduction Exhibit The June 25, 1950 North Korean invasion of Introduction South Korea was declared a breach of the peace The United Nations Flag and immediate action was taken by the United Belgium/Luxembourg Nations. To repel the attack and restore Colombia international peace, a resolution asking members Ethiopia to intervene on behalf of South Korea was put France forth. Twenty one nations answered the call, Greece providing combat forces and medical aid. For Netherlands the first time in the history of the United Nations Philippines Republic of Korea men and women from many countries fought to South Africa preserve freedom under one banner. Thailand Turkey United States British Commonwealth Forces Australia Canada New Zealand The United Kingdom Medical Support Units Denmark India An Australian, United States, South Korean and Italy Filipino Soldier Norway Courtesy of the National Archives Sweden Educational Activity Fill in the Blanks Matching The United Nations Flag Exhibit Introduction The United Nations flag was officially adopted on The United Nations Flag October 20, 1947 by the General Assembly of the Belgium/Luxembourg United Nations. The flag has a blue field. It’s white Colombia emblem represents a map of the world, omitting Ethiopia Antarctica, and is surrounded by an olive wreath. France The vertical line in the center depicts the Greenwich Greece meridian and the International Date Line. Netherlands Philippines Republic of Korea South Africa Thailand I accept this flag with deep emotion. It symbolizes one of the greatest efforts man has ever made to free himself. Turkey The Far East Command will do its best to uphold this noblest of ideals.
    [Show full text]
  • Military History Anniversaries 1 Thru 30 Apr
    Military History Anniversaries 1 thru 30 Apr Significant events in U.S. Military History for the next 30 days are: Apr 01 1745: French & Indian War: A fleet consisting of 19 transport ships escorted by 13 armed merchant vessels is carrying a total of 4,220 American colonial militiamen toward Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. The goal is the capture of Louisbourg, the largest fort in North America. It was built and garrisoned by the French to protect the entrance to the St. Lawrence River and French Canada. Apr 01 1865 – Civil War: Battle of Five Forks – In Siege of Petersburg, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive. Casualties and losses: US 830 - CSA 2,950 Apr 01 1893 – The rank of Chief Petty Officer in the United States Navy is established. Apr 01 1942 – WW2: Rationing - Anyone wishing to purchase a new toothpaste tube, then made from metal, had to turn in an empty one. Apr 01 1945 – WW2: Operation Iceberg – United States troops land on Okinawa in the last campaign of the war. Apr 01 1948 – Cold War: Berlin Airlift – Military forces, under direction of the Soviet–controlled government in East Germany, set–up a land blockade of West Berlin. Berliners watch a C-54 Skymaster land at Tempelhof Airport, 1948 Apr 01 1954 – President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the creation of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado. Apr 02 1865 – Civil War: The 9 month Siege of Petersburg is broken – Union troops capture the trenches around Petersburg, Virginia, forcing Confederate General Robert E.
    [Show full text]
  • May/Jun 2005
    The Graybeards is an official publication of the Korean War Veterans Association (KWVA), Camp Beauregard, Louisiana. Mailing address: 163 Deerbrook Trail, Pineville, LA 72360. Website: http\\:www.kwva.org. It is published six times a year for members and friends of the organization. It is not sold by subscription. In loving memory of General Raymond Davis, our Life Honorary President, Deceased. We Honor Founder William Norris Editor Arthur G. Sharp National DirectorsTerm 2002-2005 KWVA Liaison to KVA (Korea Veterans of America) 152 Sky View Dr James F Jones, Jr., Jeff Brodeur Rocky Hill, CT 06067 7507 Roswell Rd., Richmond, VA 23229 16 Bertson Ave, West Roxbury, MA 02132 PH: 860-563-6149 [email protected] Ph: 804-282-1481 [email protected] Ph: 617-323-6426 <[email protected]> William F Mac Swain KWVA Liaison to Canadian KVA: Publisher Finisterre Publishing Inc. 8452 Marys Creek Dr., Benbrook, TX 76116 Bill Burns 3 Black Skimmer Ct [email protected] Ph: 817-244-0706 105 Emann Dr, Camillus, NY 13031 Beaufort, SC 29907 Dorothy ‘Dot’ Wenzel [email protected] Ph: 315-487-1750 <[email protected]> 2137 W College Av, #612, Oak Creek, WI 53154 KWVA Envoy to UN Forces: Membership Nancy Monson, 414-761-5984 Tom Clawson Recording Secretary Warren Wiedhahn 953 Gorman Av, St Paul, MN 55118 P. O. Box 101238 4600 Duke St, Suite 420, Alexandria, VA 22304 [email protected] Ph: 651-457-6653 Arlington, VA 22210-4238 [email protected] Ph:703-212-0695 Chaplain: [email protected] Robert Personette PH: 703-522-9629 Term 2003-2006 7136 Oak Leaf Drive FAX: 703-528-5403 James E Ferris Santa Rosa, CA 95409 4311 Lazybrook, Cir.
    [Show full text]
  • Military History Anniversaries 16 Thru 30 April
    Military History Anniversaries 16 thru 30 April Events in History over the next 15 day period that had U.S. military involvement or impacted in some way on U.S military operations or American interests Apr 16 1863 - Civil War: Union Admiral David Dixon Porter leads 12 ships past the heavy barrage of Confederate artillery at Vicksburg, Mississippi. He lost only one ship, and the operation speeded General Ulysses S. Grant's movement against Vicksburg. Apr 16 1917 - WWI: Vladimir Lenin, leader of the revolutionary Bolshevik Party, returns to Petrograd after a decade of exile to take the reins of the Revolution. One month before, Czar Nicholas II had been forced from power when Russian army troops joined a workers’ revolt in Petrograd, the Russian capital. Apr 16 1944 - WW2: Allied forces start bombing Belgrade, killing about 1,100 people. This bombing fell on the Orthodox Christian Easter. Apr 16 1945 - WW2: American troops enter Nuremberg Germany Apr 16 1945 - The U.S Army liberates Nazi Sonderlager (high security) prisoner-of-war camp Oflag IV-C (better known as Colditz). Apr 16 1945 - WW2: German refugee ship MV Goya carrying wounded and fleeing refugees from the Soviet invasion is sunk by a Soviet submarine. One of the largest maritime losses of life in history, with just 183 survivors among 7,000 passengers and crew. Apr 16 1945 - WW2: The Red Army begins the final assault on German forces around Berlin, with nearly one million troops fighting in the Battle of the Seelow Heights. Estimated casualties and losses: Soviets 20 to 30,000 – Ger.
    [Show full text]
  • The Graybeards Presidential Envoy to UN Forces: Kathleen Wyosnick the Magazine for Members, Veterans of the Korean War, and Service in Korea
    Staff Officers The Graybeards Presidential Envoy to UN Forces: Kathleen Wyosnick The Magazine for Members, Veterans of the Korean War, and service in Korea. P.O. Box 3716, Saratoga, CA 95070 The Graybeards is the official publication of the Korean War Veterans Association, PH: 408-253-3068 FAX: 408-973-8449 PO Box, 10806, Arlington, VA 22210, (www.kwva.org) and is published six times Judge Advocate and Legal Advisor: Sherman Pratt per year. 1512 S. 20th St., Arlington, VA 22202 PH: 703-521-7706 EDITOR Vincent A. Krepps 24 Goucher Woods Ct. Towson, MD 21286-5655 Washington, DC Affairs: Blair Cross PH: 410-828-8978 FAX: 410-828-7953 9 Locust Ct., Port Deposit, MD 21904 E-MAIL: [email protected] PH/FAX: 410-575-6031 MEMBERSHIP Nancy Monson National Chaplain: Irvin L. Sharp, PO Box 10806, Arlington, VA 22210 9973 Darrow Park Dr, #127C, Twinsburg, OH 44087 PH: 703-522-9629 FAX: 703-528-5403 PH: 330-405-6702 PUBLISHER Finisterre Publishing Incorporated Korean Ex-POW Association: Raymond M. Unger, President PO Box 70346, Beaufort, SC 29907 6113 W. 123rd Ave., Palos Heights, IL 60463 E-MAIL: [email protected] PH: 708-388-7682 WEBMASTER Charles Dearborn E-Mail: [email protected] 7 Lincoln St., Richmond, ME 04357 E-MAIL: [email protected] National VA/VS Representative: Michael Mahoney 582 Wiltshire Rd., Columbus, OH 43204 National KWVA Headquarters PH: 614-225-0540 FAX: 614-225-0530 E-MAIL: [email protected] PRESIDENT Harley J. Coon 1534 Marsetta Dr., Beavercreek, OH 45432 Liaison for Canada: Col. Clifford Borden AUS Ret PH: 937-426-5105 or FAX: 937-426-4551 430 Drexel Ave., Madison, WI 53716-1630 E-MAIL: [email protected] PH: 608-222-7806 Office Hours: 9am to 5 pm (EST) Mon.– Fri.
    [Show full text]
  • Korean War 1950-53
    LEHI VETERANS OF THE KOREAN WAR 1950-53 Wayne Adams Donald Earl Allbee Blaine P. Anderson Dean Asay Jack A. Asay Howard J. Austin John M. Ball Reldon E. Barnes Clinton J. Barnes Freeman J. Barnes Burlin D. Bates Kent Eugene Beck Trevor H. Beck Paul C. Bennett Richard L. Bennett Wallace N. Berry Phillip D. Black Bruce Bone Fred M. Brockbank Ferrin D. Brown Merrill C. Brown Morris M. Brown Ray Dean Brown Eph. L. Bryant Kenneth J. Bryant Alvin B. Celcer Kerlin Earl Chilton Marta L. Chilton WAC Harold E. Christensen Sherman N Christofferson Earl Glen Clark Cecil G. Colledge Dean Colledge Paul B. Comer Richard L. Cooper Craig Crabb Kirkham Crabb Nevin Lee Crabb Darrell F. Dean Earl Craig Dorton La Drue Dorton James Merle Evans William H. Evans Charles T. Featherstone Edmund Dalt Fowler Sherman R. Fox *Jamew Edward Gaisford Merlin Gaisford Richard W. Gilchrist Ralph John Goates Bobbie D. Grahmn Stanley P. Grant James R. Gray Don Wesley Green Glen Gurney Richard Keith Gurney Paul Hanson Melvin C. Hartshorn Ralph E. Hartshorn Arvo Victor Havilla Charles Eugene Haws Paul Lehi Haws Wallace L. Hebertson Earl N. Hicks Shirley C. Hicks Carlos Hickman David Rex Holmes Von D. Holmstead Chad Hoopes Harold Weston Ivers Mervin L. Johanson Johnny E. Johnson Milo E. Johnson David J. Jones Donald M. Jones John Kolan Joseph R. Lambert Leo Hartwell Loveridge Joseph Lee McOmie Neil H. Manning Charles E. Mercer J. Sterling Merrill Roger Glen Meyers Darwin D. Mitchell Robert L Morton Glen L. Parker Jerry G. Peck Karl M.
    [Show full text]