DP Monika Arnoštová

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DP Monika Arnoštová Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Palackého v Olomouci ___________________________________________________________________________ Katedra nederlandistiky Studijní rok 2011/2012 Culturele betrekkingen tussen Nederland en China na 1989 Cultural relations between the Netherlands and China after 1989 Vztahy v oblasti kultury mezi Nizozemskem a Čínou po roce 1989 Diplomová práce navazujícího magisterského studia nizozemské a čínské filologie Monika Arnoštová Vedoucí práce: Drs. Bas Hamers ___________________________________________________________________________ OLOMOUC 2012 Prohlašuji, že jsem svou diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatn ě a uvedla v ní veškerou literaturu, kterou jsem použila. Ik verklaar dat ik mijn scriptie alleen geschreven heb en alle vakliteratuur en bronnen die ik gebruikt heb in de literatuurlijst heb vermeld. V Olomouci , dne __________________ 2012 Monika Arnoštová Dankbetuiging Ik wil graag van harte mijn dank betuigen aan Drs. Bas Hamers voor zijn begeleiding en zijn waardevolle adviezen. Grote dank behoort ook aan mijn familie en vrienden, die me tijdens het schrijven van mijn scriptie ondersteunden en ervan overtuigd hebben dat niets onmogelijk is. Inhoudsopgave Inleiding .............................................................................................................................. 1 Lijst met afkortingen ........................................................................................................... 4 1. Geschiedenis van China van 1989 tot heden ................................................................... 5 1.1 Begin van de studentenprotesten ................................................................................. 5 1.2 Het tiananmenprotest .................................................................................................. 7 1.3 Verloop na het protest ............................................................................................... 11 1.4 Dood van Deng Xiaoping en terugkomst van Hong Kong ........................................ 13 1.5 Het einde van de jaren 90 .......................................................................................... 14 1.6 Hu Jintao en de vierde generatie leiders ................................................................... 16 1.7 Harmonische samenleving ......................................................................................... 19 2. Betrekkingen tussen Nederland en China vanaf 1989 ................................................. 21 2.1 De Duikbotencrises .................................................................................................... 21 2.2 De Nederlandse reactie op Tiananmen ..................................................................... 22 2.3 Het Herstel ................................................................................................................. 23 2.4 De periode 2000 tot 2005 .......................................................................................... 25 2.5 De periode 2006 tot heden ......................................................................................... 27 3. Cultureel beleid in China ............................................................................................... 29 3.1 Officieel cultuurbeleid ............................................................................................... 29 3.2 Cultureel beleid in de praktijk ................................................................................... 31 4. Culturele uitwisseling ..................................................................................................... 34 4.1 Culturele uitwisseling van 1989 tot 2000 .................................................................. 34 4.1.1 Film .......................................................................................................................... 35 4.1.2 Muziek ..................................................................................................................... 40 4.1.3 Beeldende kunst ....................................................................................................... 43 4.1.4 Literatuur .................................................................................................................. 45 4.1.5 Culturele evenementen ............................................................................................. 46 4.2 Culturele uitwisseling van 2000 tot 2005 .................................................................. 46 4.2.1 Film .......................................................................................................................... 47 4.2.2 Muziek ..................................................................................................................... 54 4.2.3 Beeldende kunst ....................................................................................................... 57 4.2.4 Literatuur .................................................................................................................. 59 4.2.5 Culturele evenementen ............................................................................................. 61 4.3 Culturele uitwisseling van 2006 tot 2009 .................................................................. 63 4.3.1 Film .......................................................................................................................... 64 4.3.2 Muziek ..................................................................................................................... 71 4.3.3 Beeldende kunst ....................................................................................................... 74 4.3.4 Literatuur .................................................................................................................. 79 4.3.5 Culturele evenementen ............................................................................................. 80 4.4 Culturele uitwisseling van 2010 tot heden ................................................................ 81 4.4.1 Film .......................................................................................................................... 82 4.4.2 Muziek ..................................................................................................................... 86 4.4.3 Beeldende kunst ....................................................................................................... 87 4.4.4 Literatuur .................................................................................................................. 93 4.4.5 Culturele evenementen ............................................................................................. 96 4.5 40 jaar diplomatieke betrekkingen tussen Nederland en China ................................ 98 5. Conclusie ........................................................................................................................ 101 Bibliografie ............................................................................................................................ 105 Literaire bronnen ................................................................................................................ 105 Internet bronnen ................................................................................................................. 105 Resumé .................................................................................................................................. 123 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 125 Anotace .................................................................................................................................. 128 Bijlagen .................................................................................................................................. 129 Bijlage I .............................................................................................................................. 130 Bijlage II ............................................................................................................................. 131 Inleiding In mijn scriptie houd ik me met de culturele uitwisseling tussen Nederland en de Volksrepubliek China na 1989 bezig en de keus van dit onderwerp betekende voor mij een interessante verbinding van mijn grootste interesses. Namelijk van Nederland en China, de twee landen die al sinds jaren onderwerp van mijn studie zijn, mijn passie voor cultuur en interesse voor de internationale betrekkingen en diplomatie. Kort na de tijd toen ik het onderwerp van mijn scriptie opstelde, heb ik me gerealiseerd, dat het onderwerp betrekkelijk gecompliceerd zou zijn en dat de bronnen voor mijn scriptie niet gemakkelijk te vinden zijn. Mijn interesse voor de culturele betrekkingen tussen Nederland en China was echter zo groot dat deze moeilijkheiden me niet konden afschrikken. Toch moet ik toegeven dat het soms heel lastig was en ik niet wist hoe verder te gaan, maar de drijfveer om mijn eigen werk over dit onderwerp te schrijven, hielp me altijd de weg te vinden. Zoals ik zelf al voorspelde, was het een moelijk volwaardige bronnen te vinden. Naast onderzoek van gerelateerde boeken in de bibliotheken in België, Nederland, Tsjechië en Oostenrijk, heb ik veel tijd aan het zoeken van de beste bronnen op het internet besteed en contact met de Nederlandse ambassade in Peking en de Ambassade van de Volksrepubliek China in Den Haag opgenomen.
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