Inge Kutchins.An Introduction.T
1 A Conversation with Inge Kutchins February 17, 2019 HISTORY & INTRODUCTION On April 1, 1933 Hitler declared a national boycott of Jewish businesses and the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service passed on April 7 forcing all non-Aryan civil servants to retire from the legal profession and civil service. Similar legislation soon deprived other Jewish professionals of their right to practice, and on April 11, another decree stated anyone who had even one Jewish parent or grandparent was considered non-Aryan. As part of the drive to remove Jewish influence from cultural life, members of the National Socialist Student League removed from libraries any books considered un-German, and a nationwide book burning was held on May 10. The regime used violence and economic pressure to encourage Jews to voluntarily leave Germany. Jewish businesses were denied access to markets, forbidden to advertise, and deprived of access to government contracts. Citizens were harassed and subjected to violent attacks. Many towns posted signs forbidding entry to Jews. In November 1938, a young Jewish man requested an interview with the German ambassador in Paris and met with a legation secretary, whom he shot and killed to protest his family's treatment in Germany. This incident provided the pretext for a pogrom against the Jews beginning on November 9, 1938. Members of the SA (Hitler’s original paramilitary force) damaged or destroyed synagogues and Jewish property throughout Germany. At least 91 German Jews were killed during this pogrom, later called Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass. Further restrictions were imposed on Jews in the coming months – they were forbidden to own businesses or work in retail shops, drive cars, go to the cinema, visit the library, or own weapons, and Jewish pupils were removed from schools.
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