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Rebuilding a Better Aceh and Nias Stocktaking of the Reconstruction Effort Brief for the Coordination Forum Aceh and Nias (CFAN) - October 2005 for the People of Aceh & Nias Together with the International Donor Community Badan Rehabilitasi & Rekonstruksi Rebuilding a Better Aceh and Nias Foreword In the immediate aftermath of the earthquake and tsunami on 26 December 2004, an unprecedented national and international humanitarian effort was galvanized to support the hundreds of thousands of victims in Aceh and North Sumatra. The basic needs of food, water, shelter and health were rapidly met. This effort, led by the government, NGOs and international donors, prevented additional suffering in what was a human tragedy of unspeakable proportions. Nine months later, a vital transition is occurring. Most activities moved beyond immediate relief into support for long-term recovery. This transition entails getting people out of tents and into permanent shelter, restoring legal rights, transitioning emergency water supplies into permanent facilities, re-establishing agricultural land and markets, re-building schools, restocking educational supplies. It means moving from cash-for-work to restoring livelihoods and the local economy. It entails institution building and physical reconstruction on a massive scale. Most of all it is about reviving shattered communities and restoring hope and self-sufficiency to the people of Aceh and Nias. This report, coming nine months after the terrible disaster, is intended to inform the October 4 “Coordination Forum for Aceh and Nias” (CFAN) and takes a snapshot of progress on the reconstruction efforts. It documents achievements thus far and, learning from experience over the past nine months, identifies key gaps and challenges to be addressed in the coming period. The report is a collaborative effort between the BRR and the international donor community. It has drawn on the expertise and input of countless partners in the Indonesian government, local universities and among local and foreign NGOs. This report substantially updates an earlier version that was produced in June 2005 for the six months’ anniversary. This report also includes a new section that looks at the implications of the peace process in Aceh. New information and analysis has been incorporated into all chapters and most recent data have helped to particularly inform the sectoral, economic and financial dimensions of the reconstruction process. We hope that this report will serve as a basis for making programming decisions and turning plans into concrete achievements on the ground to build back a better Aceh and Nias. Kuntoro Mangkusubroto Andrew Steer Director of BRR World Bank Country Director on behalf of the donor community i Rebuilding a Better Aceh and Nias ii Rebuilding a Better Aceh and Nias Acknowledgements This report was prepared by a joint team of the Badan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi (BRR) and the World Bank with enormous participation and contributions by many government and donor agencies. The teams were led by Sudirman Said (BRR Deputy, Communication and Stakeholder Relations), John Clark, Matt Stephens and Wolfgang Fengler. The BRR team included its Chair, Kuntoro Mangkusubroto, Ahmad Fuad Rahmany (Deputy, Department of Finance and Funding), Amin Subekti (Director, Department of Finance and Funding), Bima Haria Wibisana (Deputy, Department of Institutional Development and Empowerment), Dharma Nursani (Director, BRR Operation Center), Eddy Purwanto (Deputy, Department of Housing, Infrastructure, and Spatial Planning), H. Fuad Mardhatillah (Deputy, Department of Religious, Social, and Cultural Affairs), Heru Prasetyo (Director, of BRR Jakarta Representative Office), Iskandar (Deputy, Department of Economic and Business Empowerment), Junius Saringar Ulibasa Hutabarat (Deputy, Department of Planning and Programming), Puteri Watson (Director, Stakeholder Relations), Ramli Ibrahim (Secretary), Widjajanto (Director, Communications) as well as Bill Nicol (AusAid Advisor to BRR) and Kevin Evans (UNDP Advisor to BRR). The core team also included Ahya Ihsan, Amy Sim, Andre Bald, Anne-Lise Klausen, Ari Perdana, Chairani Triasdewi, Cut Dian Rahmi, Guy Janssen, James Sheppard, Javier Arze, Jerry Lebo, Jo Sharp, Keith Bell, Kurnya Roesad, Magda Adriani, Margaret Arnold, Mesra Eza, Oleksiy Ivaschenko, Ramesh Subramaniam (ADB), Patrick Barron, Richard Cibulskis, Rosfita Roesli, Saleh Siregar, Steve Burgess, Vincent da Cruz, Vic Bottini and Wayne Bougas. A larger multi-agency group contributed valuable input and direction into the report, for which the core team expresses its thanks and gratitude. This group included colleagues from the following organizations: Aceh Recovery Forum: Humam Hamid ADB: G. Lacombe, Pieter Smidt and the whole ADB Reconstruction Team (ART) AIPRD: Bernadette Whitelum AusAID: David Hawes CARE International: Steve Gwynne Vaughan Chairman BRR Oversight Board: Prof. Abdullah Ali CIDA: Jamal Gawi DFID: Adam Burke and Bruno Dercon Forum Bangun Aceh: Azwar Hasan German Embassy: Monika Allramseder UNIMS: Annette Rolfe and Rodd McGibbon IFRC: Johan Schaar ILO Banda Aceh: Freddie Rousseau ILO Geneva: Dorothea Schmidt IMF: Yougesh Khatri Japan Embassy: Fukuwatari KDP: Rusli Mohammed Al KLH: Agus Purnomo McKinsey & Company BRR Team iii Rebuilding a Better Aceh and Nias MDTFANS: Diane Zhang, Sabine Joukes, Stuart Andrews OXFAM: Francisco Roque Syiah Kuala University: Dr Raja Masbar UNDP: John Long, Patrick Sweeting, Paul Deuster, Simon Field and Toshihiro Nakamura United Nations: Reiko Niimi UN Coordination Office in Aceh: Andrew Harper, Kendra Clegg, Michele Lipner and Rina Meuti UNICEF: Dara Johnston USAID: Foort Bustraan, Jefry Budiman, Melissa Janis, Shireen Khan, Suzanne Billharz and Winarko Hadi WHO: Dr. Anshu Banerjee and Dr. Risna Sagitasari WORLD BANK: Ahmad Hayat, Alamsyah, Bastian Zaini, Deya Triana, Dolf Noppen, Eka Zarmen Putra, Edhie Santosa Rahmat, Fitrah Affandi, Geoffrey Read, George Soraya, Jan Drozdz, Hendro Hendratno, Herry Widjanarko, Indra Irnawan, Isono Sardoko, James Woodcock, Jeliteng Pribadi, Joel Hellman, Josef Leitmann, Londa Wisudanti, Lou Scoura, Miksalmina, Patrisia Mulita, Puti Marzoeki, Preeti S. Ahuja, Rajashree Paralkar, Rick Pollard, Simon Bell, Shobha Shetty, Sylvia Njotomihardjo, Taufiq Dawood and Yoichiro Ishihara. The team also benefited from the insight of a number of staff from various other central and local government agencies: Aida F. Umaya-Reksodirdjo (Bappenas), Anas M. Adam (Dinas Pendidikan, NAD Province), Ari Sumarsono (Directorate General of Primary and Secondary Education), Djamaluddin Abubakar (Bappenas), Irhamudin (Dinas Pendidikan, NAD Province), Nugroho Utomo (Bappenas), Pungky Sumadi (Bappenas), Salusra Widya (Bappenas), Renani Pantjastuti, (Directorat General of Primary and Secondary Education), Sarwo Pelbar (Ministry of Public Works), H. Sayuthi (Former Head of Badan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, NAD), Sujana Royat (Bappenas), Suprayoga Hadi (Bappenas) and Dr. Teuku Azwar (Dinas Kesehatan NAD Province). Pictures were taken by Amy Sim, Arif Ariadi (BRR), Matt Stephens and Poriaman Sitanggang. To all of these contributors the team would like to express their deepest thanks and appreciation. Any follow-up questions, or request for additional information should be directed to Wolfgang Fengler ([email protected]) or John Clark ([email protected]). iv Rebuilding a Better Aceh and Nias Table of Contents FOREWORD...................................................................................................................................................................... I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...............................................................................................................................................III TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................... V MAP ...............................................................................................................................................................................VII GLOSSARY......................................................................................................................................................................IX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................................................. XIII PART I: SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 6MONTHS AFTER THE DISASTER ................................................... 1 1.1 BEYOND THE BARRACKS –COPING WITH THE IMPACT OF THE TSUNAMI..................................................... 3 1.2 THE STATE OF THE ECONOMY IN ACEH ............................................................................................................. 9 PART II: KEY ISSUES IN THE RECOVERY ....................................................................................................................... 19 2.1 MANAGING THE RECOVERY:THE MASTER PLAN AND THE RECONSTRUCTION AGENCY........................ 21 2.2 AVOIDING CORRUPTION IN THE RECONSTRUCTION EFFORT ....................................................................... 25 2.3 COMMUNITIES AS DRIVERS OF RECONSTRUCTION .......................................................................................... 29 2.4 REBUILDING DISTRICT GOVERNMENT.............................................................................................................. 35
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  • Population Displacement and Mobility in Sumatra After the Tsunami

    Population Displacement and Mobility in Sumatra After the Tsunami

    Population Displacement and Mobility in Sumatra after the Tsunami Clark Gray1, Elizabeth Frankenberg1, Thomas Gillespie2, Cecep Sumantri3, and Duncan Thomas1 August 2009 Abstract The Indian Ocean tsunami of December, 2004 was one of the most severe natural disasters in human history and resulted in extensive relocation by people living in damaged areas. We describe post-tsunami geographic mobility in the provinces of Aceh and North Sumatra in Indonesia, the area worst-affected by the tsunami. Data from a unique longitudinal survey of 10,000 households who were interviewed both before and after the tsunami are used to quantify and map various dimensions of mobility and to provide insights into the individual, household and contextual factors that influence mobility. Levels of mobility increased dramatically with the extent of tsunami damage. Displacement from heavily damaged areas occurred primarily beyond the community of origin. Results from multivariate statistical models indicate that in damaged areas individuals were displaced similarly across demographic and socioeconomic lines, and that semi-voluntary decisions about mobility were influenced by household assets and prior livelihood strategies. Keywords: tsunami, disaster, displacement, migration, Indonesia. 1 Duke University, 2 UCLA, 3 SurveyMeter, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Acknowledgements This project is part of a large, collaborative effort and we would like to thank our colleagues Jed Friedman, Peter Katz, Nick Ingwersen, Iip Rif’ai, Bondan Sikoki and Wayan Suriastini for their input into this study and the broader project. Financial support from the MacArthur Foundation (05-85158-000), the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (HD052762, HD051970), the National Institute on Aging (AG031266), and the National Science Foundation (CMS-0527763) is gratefully acknowledged.