Ces Polonais Qui Ont Décrypté Enigma
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THE-POLISH-TRACE-Ebook.Pdf
8 THE POLISH TRACE COMPOSED FROM COMMONLY AVAILABLE SOURCES BY LECH POLKOWSKI FOR IJCRS2017 FOREWORD It is a desire of many participants of conferences to learn as much as possible about the history and culture of he visited country and place and organizers try to satisfy this desire by providing excursions into attractive places and sites. IJCRS2017 also tries to take participants to historic sites of Warmia and Mazury and to show elements of local culture. As an innovation, we propose a booklet showing some achievements of Polish scientists and cryptographers, no doubt many of them are known universally, but some probably not. What bounds all personages described here is that they all suffered due to world wars, th efirst and the second. These wars ruined their homes, made them refugees and exiles, destroyed their archives and libraries, they lost many colleagues, friends and students but were lucky enough to save lives and in some cases to begin the career overseas. We begin with the person of Jan Czochralski, world famous metallurgist, discoverer of the technique of producing metal monocrystals `the Czochralski methode’ and inventor of duraluminum and the `bahnalloy’ who started his career and obtained its heights in Germany, later returned to Poland, became a professor at the Warsaw Polytechnical, played an important role in cultural life of Warsaw, lived in Warsaw through the second world war and the Warsaw Uprising of August-September 1944 and after the war was accused of cooperating ith occupying German forces and though judged innocent was literally erased from the public life and any information about him obliterated. -
The Imagination Game Storia E Fantasia in the Imitation Game
The Imagination Game storia e fantasia in The Imitation Game Cap. 2: Bletchley Park e Ultra Giovanni A. Cignoni – Progetto HMR 1/28 Bletchley Park e Ultra • Un’organizzazione poderosa • Bletchley Park • I luoghi, le strutture, le procedure • I meccanismi e gli appoggi • Il personale, le (tante) donne di BP • Ultra • Cos’era, come era nascosto • L’impatto sul conflitto, episodi e numeri Giovanni A. Cignoni – Progetto HMR 2/28 A lezione dai Polacchi • 1919, Biuro Szyfrów • Militari, Kowalewski, e matematici, Mazurkiewicz, Sierpiński, Leśniewski • Nel 1938 il 75% dei messaggi tedeschi intercettati era decifrato (Rejewski, Zygalski, Różycki) • Dopo il ’39 PC Bruno, Cadix, Boxmoor • In Inghilterra • Room40 (1914), GC&CS (1919), BP (1938) • Parigi (gennaio ’39), con Francesi e Polacchi • Pyry vicino Varsavia (luglio ’39) Giovanni A. Cignoni – Progetto HMR 3/28 Un posto strategico Bletchley Park - Gayhurst - Wavendon - Stanmore - Eastcote - Adstock Cambridge Banbury Letchworth Oxford London Giovanni A. Cignoni – Progetto HMR 4/28 Bletchley Park, 1942ca Giovanni A. Cignoni – Progetto HMR 5/28 Nel film, ci somiglia... Giovanni A. Cignoni – Progetto HMR 6/28 … ma non è Giovanni A. Cignoni – Progetto HMR 7/28 Il nume tutelare • 1941.10.21: Action this day! • In un momento di successo • Dopo una visita di Churchill • Le Bombe ci sono, mancano persone • Garanzie per i tecnici BTM • Personale per la catena • Intercettazione in grande • Risorse per una pesca industriale • Un po’ come “Echelon” Giovanni A. Cignoni – Progetto HMR 8/28 Il personale • Una grande industria • Da 9000 a 10000 persone, centinaia di macchine • Piuttosto stabile, circa 12000 nomi • Escluso l’indotto, fornitori e logistica • Reclutamento • Inizialmente diretto, da persona a persona • Poi attraverso controlli e selezioni metodiche • Soprattutto nell’ambito delle leve militari • Ma con un occhio anche ai civili Giovanni A. -
Polska Myśl Techniczna W Ii Wojnie Światowej
CENTRALNA BIBLIOTEKA WOJSKOWA IM. MARSZAŁKA JÓZEFA PIŁSUDSKIEGO POLSKA MYŚL TECHNICZNA W II WOJNIE ŚWIATOWEJ W 70. ROCZNICĘ ZAKOŃCZENIA DZIAŁAŃ WOJENNYCH W EUROPIE MATERIAŁY POKONFERENCYJNE poD REDAkcJą NAUkoWą DR. JANA TARCZYńSkiEGO WARSZAWA 2015 Konferencja naukowa Polska myśl techniczna w II wojnie światowej. W 70. rocznicę zakończenia działań wojennych w Europie Komitet naukowy: inż. Krzysztof Barbarski – Prezes Instytutu Polskiego i Muzeum im. gen. Sikorskiego w Londynie dr inż. Leszek Bogdan – Dyrektor Wojskowego Instytutu Techniki Inżynieryjnej im. profesora Józefa Kosackiego mgr inż. Piotr Dudek – Prezes Stowarzyszenia Techników Polskich w Wielkiej Brytanii gen. dyw. prof. dr hab. inż. Zygmunt Mierczyk – Rektor-Komendant Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego płk mgr inż. Marek Malawski – Szef Inspektoratu Implementacji Innowacyjnych Technologii Obronnych Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej mgr inż. Ewa Mańkiewicz-Cudny – Prezes Federacji Stowarzyszeń Naukowo-Technicznych – Naczelnej Organizacji Technicznej prof. dr hab. Bolesław Orłowski – Honorowy Członek – założyciel Polskiego Towarzystwa Historii Techniki – Instytut Historii Nauki Polskiej Akademii Nauk kmdr prof. dr hab. Tomasz Szubrycht – Rektor-Komendant Akademii Marynarki Wojennej im. Bohaterów Westerplatte dr Jan Tarczyński – Dyrektor Centralnej Biblioteki Wojskowej im. Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego prof. dr hab. Leszek Zasztowt – Dyrektor Instytutu Historii Nauki Polskiej Akademii Nauk dr Czesław Andrzej Żak – Dyrektor Centralnego Archiwum Wojskowego im. -
Rotor Machines and Enigma 1
Contents: Rotor Machines and Enigma 1. The Introduction of Rotor Machines. 2. Arthur Scherbius and the Enigma Machine. 3. The Principles of Enigma. 4. Interwar Poland, and the Biuro Szyfrów. 5. Marian Rejewski, and Breaking Enigma. 6. Alan Turing, and the British Effort. Eduard Hebern’s Electric Code Machine (U.S. Patent 1673072) R. Banach, Computer Science, University of Manchester: Rotor Machines and Enigma 1 of 28 R. Banach, Computer Science, University of Manchester: Rotor Machines and Enigma 2 of 28 1. The Introduction of Rotor Machines. 2. Arthur Scherbius and the Enigma Machine. Doing encryption by hand is obviously error-prone. Arthur Scherbius invented his Enigma machine in 1918. Cryptographers have always invented various mechanical devices to both It was the first of a number of models, which gradually speed up the encryption process, and also help make it more reliable. improved over the next few years. For a monoalphabetic substitution cypher: U.S. Patent 01657411 was granted for Enigma in 1928. — aligning plain/cypher letter pairs on a ruler, at least stops you forgetting; — putting plain/cypher letter pairs on two concentric rings, able to rotate His big breakthrough was due to the mortification felt by with respect to each other, not only stops you forgetting, but also gives the German High Command after WWI, caused by finding you 26 different monoalphabetic substitution cyphers, by altering the out that the Allies had routinely broken German cyphers orientation of the disks. all through WWI. They decided to buy the best devices for encryption that they could. Scherbius was the right Cypher disks were invented by Leon Battista Alberti (1430’s). -
Ecumeny and Law Vol
Ecumeny and Law Vol. 5 Youth – Church – Evangelism Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego · Katowice 2017 Editor-in-chief Andrzej Pastwa Deputy editor-in-chief Józef Budniak Secretaries Kinga Karsten, Marek Rembierz Head of ecumeny department Zdzisław Kijas Head of law department Piotr Kroczek Scientific board Head Cyril Vasil’ (archbishop, Roma) Members Leszek Adamowicz (Lublin), František Čitbaj (Prešov), Andrzej Czaja (bishop, Opole), Pavol Dancák (Prešov), Alojzy Drożdż (Katowice), Nicolae V. Dură (Constanţa), Ginter Dzierżon (Warszawa), Tomasz Gałkowski (Warszawa), Zygfryd Glaeser (Opole), Wojciech Góralski (Warszawa), Wojciech Hanc (Warszawa), Marcin Hintz (bishop, Warszawa), Janusz Kowal (Roma), Adrian Loretan (Luzern), Damián Němec (Olomouc), Urszula Nowicka (Warszawa), Theodosie Petrescu (archbishop, Constanţa), Marek Petro (Prešov), Wilhelm Rees (Innsbruck), Gerda Riedl (Augsburg), Peter Šturák (Prešov), Peter Szabó (Budapest), Jerzy Szymik (Katowice), Marek Jerzy Uglorz (Warszawa) Statistical editor Wojciech Świątkiewicz English language editor Michelle Adamowski French language editor Dorota Śliwa Italian language editor Agnieszka Gatti The publication is available online among others at: Central and Eastern European Online Library www.ceeol.com The European Reference Index for the Humanities and the Social Sciences ERIH PLUS https://dbh.nsd.uib.no/publiseringskanaler/erihplus Index Copernicus International www.index.copernicus.com Table of contents Part One Ecumenical Theological Thought Wojciech Świątkiewicz Marriage and Family -
The Enigma History and Mathematics
The Enigma History and Mathematics by Stephanie Faint A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Mathematics m Pure Mathematics Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 1999 @Stephanie Faint 1999 I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. I authorize the University of Waterloo to lend this thesis to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I further authorize the University of Waterloo to reproduce this thesis by pho tocopying or by other means, in total or in part, at the request of other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. 11 The University of Waterloo requires the signatures of all persons using or pho tocopying this thesis. Please sign below, and give address and date. ill Abstract In this thesis we look at 'the solution to the German code machine, the Enigma machine. This solution was originally found by Polish cryptologists. We look at the solution from a historical perspective, but most importantly, from a mathematical point of view. Although there are no complete records of the Polish solution, we try to reconstruct what was done, sometimes filling in blanks, and sometimes finding a more mathematical way than was originally found. We also look at whether the solution would have been possible without the help of information obtained from a German spy. IV Acknowledgements I would like to thank all of the people who helped me write this thesis, and who encouraged me to keep going with it. In particular, I would like to thank my friends and fellow grad students for their support, especially Nico Spronk and Philippe Larocque for their help with latex. -
Notes and References Documents Held at the Public Record Office, London, Are Crown Copyright and Are Reproduced by Permission of the Controller Ofhm Stationery Office
Notes and References Documents held at the Public Record Office, London, are crown copyright and are reproduced by permission of the Controller ofHM Stationery Office. I NTRODUCTION Christopher Andrew and David Dilks I. David Dilks (ed.), The Diaries rifSir Alexander Cadogan O.M. 1938-1945 (Lon don , (971) , p. 21. 2. Interview with Professor Hinsley in Part 3 of the BBC Radio 4 documentary series 'T he Profession of Intelligence', written and presented by Christopher Andrew (producer Peter Everett); first broadcast 16 Aug 1981. 3. F. H. Hinsleyet al., British Intelligencein the Second World War (London, 1979-). The first two chapters of volume I contain a useful retrospect on the pre-war development of the intelligence community. Curiously, despite the publication of Professor Hinsley's volumes, the government has decided not to release the official histories commissioned by it on wartime counter-espionage and deception. The forthcoming (non-official) collection of essays edited by Ernest R. May, Knowing One's Enemies: IntelligenceAssessment before the Two World Wars (Princeton) promises to add significantly to our knowledge of the role of intelligence on the eve of the world wars. 4. House of Commons Education, Science and Arts Committee (Session 1982-83) , Public Records: Minutes ofEvidence, pp . 76-7. 5. Chapman Pincher, Their Trade is Treachery (London, 1981). Nigel West, A Matter of Trust: MI51945-72 (London, 1982). Both volumes contain ample evidence of extensive 'inside information'. 6. Nigel West , MI5: British Security Operations /90/-/945 (London, 1981), pp . 41, 49, 58. One of the most interesting studies of British peacetime intelligence which depends on a substantial amount of inside information is Antony Verrier's history of post-war British foreign policy , Through the Looking Glass (London, 1983) . -
ENIGMA Et Le Contre-Espionnage Français
Partie française, ce qu’il faut en savoir… Notre espion chez Hitler – Paul Paillole éd Robert Laffont -1985 Lettre adressée par Hans‐Thilo Schmidt Au 75, rue de l’Université à Paris Annexe discrète du Ministère de la Guerre (2) Adresse de l’Ambassade de France à Berlin ASCHE - ENIGMA et le contre-espionnage Français Les Services Spéciaux Polonais tentent de décrypter Les Services Spéciaux Français tentent de se procurer dés 1926 les premiers messages chiffrés mécaniquement avec le concours du SR et du CE les procédés de par l'armée Allemande cryptographie en usages dans l'Armée Allemande Le 1.7.1931 Hans Thilo Schmidt adresse de Prague une lettre au 2 éme Bureau 75, rue de l'Université à Paris Cette lettre sera le point de départ de sa "collaboration" Capitaine Lacape réception de la lettre Ambassade de France à Berlin Maurice Dejean Recruteur du SR Français Stallmann nom usuel: Rodolphe Lemoine Financement sur indications du SR pseudo:: " Rex " Hans Thilo Schmidt alias " Asche" code " H.E " né le 13 mai 1888 à Berlin - Cadre au service du Chiffre Allemand (dont le frère ainé est Lt colonel chef du Service des Transmissions Il sera en mesure de livrer au Services Français, les schémas, plans et codes de la machine Enigma, en service depuis le 1er juin 1930 Cdt G Bertrand Lt col G Langer Fournira à la Pologne toutes les informations nécessaires à la réalisation des machines Groupe Polonais du PC BRUNO ainsi que leurs réglages quotidiens Lt col Guido Langer (20.10.39) 2éme Bureau : Colonel Mayer PC BRUNO BS 4 Major Ciezki -W Michalowski Chiffres - Section "D " Pazkowski-A et S Palluth-Marian Cdt Gustave Bertrand Rejewski -R Zygaslki- Jerzy Rozycki Capitaine Louis - Bintz K Gaca-R Krayewski-L Fokczynski Section Russe: Gralinski- S Szachno Smolenski Marian Rejewski Firme A.V.A. -
Conference-Debat «Le Mythe Enigma»
4, rue Gutenberg 67610 La Wantzenau Tél. : 03 88 59 25 43 Fax : 03 88 59 23 61 E-mail : [email protected] www.mmpark.fr CONFERENCE-DEBAT animée par Edmond Kern «LE MYTHE ENIGMA» Edmond Kern retracera l’histoire d’Enigma et l’incidence de cette machine sur le cours de la deuxième guerre mondiale. Collectionneur de machines à écrire et à calculer anciennes, il a eu, en 2010, l’opportunité d’acquérir une machine à coder Enigma de 1942. Restaurée en Autriche, la machine a gardé toutes ses pièces d’origine et elle est entièrement fonctionnelle. Enigma sera exposée et des démonstrations de codage/décodage seront effectuées à l’issue de la conférence. Le conférencier est membre actif de plusieurs associations de collectionneurs de matériel de bureau françaises et européennes. Il est également adhérent à l’AGEAT (Association de la guerre électronique de l’armée de terre). Sa passion pour cette machine l’a amené à faire des recherches au SHD à Vincennes, à Bletchley Park, en Allemagne et aux Pays-Bas. Dans le cadre des festivités du 75e anniversaire du débarquement, il a été invité, une semaine complète, par le Normandy Victory Museum à Catz-Carentan pour y présenter Enigma. D’autres démonstrations avec conférence ont eu lieu à Montmorillon, Avon- Fontainebleau, Belfort, Strasbourg, Dorlisheim, etc. ainsi que démonstrations à trois éditions de la fête de la science à Strasbourg. Il partage très souvent ces secrets d’histoire avec les collégiens et les lycéens de la région. Conférence gratuite Date: Vendredi 3 septembre 2021 Lieu : Salle Koenig du MM Park ( entrée libre à l’arrière du musée) Horaire : 20h00 La machine à coder Enigma La machine a été inventée par Alexander Koch en 1919. -
Polish Contribution to World War II - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia 12/18/15, 12:45 AM Polish Contribution to World War II from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Polish contribution to World War II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 12/18/15, 12:45 AM Polish contribution to World War II From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The European theatre of World War II opened with the German invasion of Poland on Friday September 1, 1939 and the Soviet Polish contribution to World invasion of Poland on September 17, 1939. The Polish Army War II was defeated after more than a month of fighting. After Poland had been overrun, a government-in-exile (headquartered in Britain), armed forces, and an intelligence service were established outside of Poland. These organizations contributed to the Allied effort throughout the war. The Polish Army was recreated in the West, as well as in the East (after the German invasion of the Soviet Union). Poles provided crucial help to the Allies throughout the war, fighting on land, sea and air. Notable was the service of the Polish Air Force, not only in the Allied victory in the Battle of Britain but also the subsequent air war. Polish ground troops The personnel of submarine were present in the North Africa Campaign (siege of Tobruk); ORP Sokół displaying a Jolly the Italian campaign (including the capture of the monastery hill Roger marking, among others, at the Battle of Monte Cassino); and in battles following the the number of sunk or damaged invasion of France (the battle of the Falaise pocket; an airborne ships brigade parachute drop during Operation Market Garden and one division in the Western Allied invasion of Germany). Polish forces in the east, fighting alongside the Red army and under Soviet command, took part in the Soviet offensives across Belarus and Ukraine into Poland, across the Vistula and towards the Oder and then into Berlin. -
A Complete Bibliography of Publications in Cryptologia
A Complete Bibliography of Publications in Cryptologia Nelson H. F. Beebe University of Utah Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB 155 S 1400 E RM 233 Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 USA Tel: +1 801 581 5254 FAX: +1 801 581 4148 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] (Internet) WWW URL: http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/ 04 September 2021 Version 3.64 Title word cross-reference 10016-8810 [?, ?]. 1221 [?]. 125 [?]. 15.00/$23.60.0 [?]. 15th [?, ?]. 16th [?]. 17-18 [?]. 18 [?]. 180-4 [?]. 1812 [?]. 18th (t; m)[?]. (t; n)[?, ?]. $10.00 [?]. $12.00 [?, ?, ?, ?, ?]. 18th-Century [?]. 1930s [?]. [?]. 128 [?]. $139.99 [?]. $15.00 [?]. $16.95 1939 [?]. 1940 [?, ?]. 1940s [?]. 1941 [?]. [?]. $16.96 [?]. $18.95 [?]. $24.00 [?]. 1942 [?]. 1943 [?]. 1945 [?, ?, ?, ?, ?]. $24.00/$34 [?]. $24.95 [?, ?]. $26.95 [?]. 1946 [?, ?]. 1950s [?]. 1970s [?]. 1980s [?]. $29.95 [?]. $30.95 [?]. $39 [?]. $43.39 [?]. 1989 [?]. 19th [?, ?]. $45.00 [?]. $5.95 [?]. $54.00 [?]. $54.95 [?]. $54.99 [?]. $6.50 [?]. $6.95 [?]. $69.00 2 [?, ?]. 200/220 [?]. 2000 [?]. 2004 [?, ?]. [?]. $69.95 [?]. $75.00 [?]. $89.95 [?]. th 2008 [?]. 2009 [?]. 2011 [?]. 2013 [?, ?]. [?]. A [?]. A3 [?, ?]. χ [?]. H [?]. k [?, ?]. M 2014 [?]. 2017 [?]. 2019 [?]. 20755-6886 [?, ?]. M 3 [?]. n [?, ?, ?]. [?]. 209 [?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?]. 20th [?]. 21 [?]. 22 [?]. 220 [?]. 24-Hour [?, ?, ?]. 25 [?, ?]. -Bit [?]. -out-of- [?, ?]. -tests [?]. 25.00/$39.30 [?]. 25.00/839.30 [?]. 25A1 [?]. 25B [?]. 26 [?, ?]. 28147 [?]. 28147-89 000 [?]. 01Q [?, ?]. [?]. 285 [?]. 294 [?]. 2in [?, ?]. 2nd [?, ?, ?, ?]. 1 [?, ?, ?, ?]. 1-4398-1763-4 [?]. 1/2in [?, ?]. 10 [?]. 100 [?]. 10011-4211 [?]. 3 [?, ?, ?, ?]. 3/4in [?, ?]. 30 [?]. 310 1 2 [?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?]. 312 [?]. 325 [?]. 3336 [?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?]. affine [?]. [?]. 35 [?]. 36 [?]. 3rd [?]. Afluisterstation [?, ?]. After [?]. Aftermath [?]. Again [?, ?]. Against 4 [?]. 40 [?]. 44 [?]. 45 [?]. 45th [?]. 47 [?]. [?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?]. Age 4in [?, ?]. [?, ?]. Agencies [?]. Agency [?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?]. -
Enigma, Les Décrypteurs Polonais Et Les Services Secrets Français, 1932–1945
ZESZYTY NAUKOWE UNIWERSYTETU JAGIELLOŃSKIEGO Prace Historyczne 146, z. 1 (2019), s. 209–217 doi:10.4467/20844069PH.19.011.9575 www.ejournals.eu/Prace-Historyczne ENIGMA, LES DÉCRYPTEURS POLONAIS ET LES SERVICES SECRETS FRANÇAIS, 1932–1945 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5623-571X Jean-Charles Foucrier Université Paris-Sorbonne – Paris IV ABSTRACT ENIGMA, THE POLISH CODEBREAKERS AND THE FRENCH SECRET SERVICE, 1932–1945 In the early 1930’s, the Polish codebreakers succeeded while all the others failed: they broke the Enigma. Three young and brilliant mathematicians, Marian Rejewski, Henryk Zygalski and Jerzy Różycki managed to read the German cyphertexts from 1933 to as late as 1939. But this huge suc- cess remained a secret for a long time, unknown in France and England. After the fall of Poland in September 1939, the three mathematicians linked their fate with the French secret service and kept breaking the Enigma code. Again, following the French defeat of June 1940, they experienced exile and irremediably sank into oblivion. Today, the story of the Polish codebreakers and the French secret service remains very little known in France, although their work proved decisive in the Allied victory during the Second World War. Key words: World War II, Enigma, codebreaking, secret service. Słowa kluczowe: II wojna światowa, Enigma, łamanie szyfru, tajne służby. Août 1932. Trois jeunes Polonais s’engouff rent dans le vaste Palais Saxon de Var- sovie (Pałac Saski), siège du Bureau du Chiff re (Biuro Szyfrów). Marian Rejewski, Henryk Zygalski et Jerzy Różycki représentent l’élite des mathématiciens polonais, fraîchement diplômés de l’Université Adam Mickiewicz de Poznań.