DRC SITUATION REPORT November – December 2016 Democratic Republic of the Congo Humanitarian Situation Report ©UNICEF/DRC/2016 ©UNICEF/DRC/2016 NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2016 SITUATION IN NUMBERS Highlights 225,211 In anticipation of potential unrest linked to the end of President Kabila’s Newly displaced persons since July in second term on 19 December 2016, there were large deployments of security Tanganyika province forces in several cities. Clashes between the security forces and (OCHA, December 2016) demonstrators resulted in at least 40 deaths in Kinshasa and Lubumbashi. On 31 December 2016 the political parties, alongside main opposition 2.1 million groups, signed an agreement for a transition period with elections planned Internally displaced persons (IDPs) before the end of 2017. (DRC Humanitarian Needs Overview 2016/2017) In the three central Kasaï provinces there are estimated to be over 250,000 displaced persons following violent clashes between the national police, the 3,422 DRC government forces (FARDC) and militia groups associated with a Children formerly associated with armed traditional chief, Kamuina Sapu. forces/groups released and provided with assistance in 2016 In Tanganyika province, the conflict between Balubakat and Batwa has escalated with reports of over 225,000 new displaced from July – December. 446,919 Flash flooding the night of 26-27 December in the city of Boma in western People reached with essential household items Kongo Central province destroyed over 1,100 houses and killed at least 27 via voucher fairs and distributions in 2016 people. UNICEF responded within a few days with WASH, Health, and Non- Food Items support with government, Oxfam, and local Red Cross partners. UNICEF’s and Cluster Response UNICEF Humanitarian Appeal 2016 UNICEF Sector/Cluster US$ 130 million UNICEF Cluster Results Results Target Target 48% of needed funds available Conflict-affected people with access to water, hygiene and basic sanitation 631,015 309,000 2,902,136 1,302,073 services Received in Persons in cholera-prone zones benefitting 2016 1,609,774 1,616,714 3,938,908 2,406,466 from WASH cholera response packages $47,666,962 Children in humanitarian situations 442,200 368,459 N/A N/A vaccinated against measles Funding Gap Children 6-59 months with SAM admitted $68,205,194 2016 Funding for therapeutic care and benefiting from 300,000 358,182 302,487 358,182 Requirements promotion of nutrition practices US$130M Girls and boys (5-11 years) affected by conflict or natural disasters given access to quality education and psychosocial activities, through the 200,000 307,150 555,290 586,168 Carry-forward construction/rehabilitation of schools $14,487,844 and/or temporary learning spaces and other measures (including through the 1 RRMP) DRC SITUATION REPORT November – December 2016 Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs General Overview Electoral Process Political tensions rose particularly in the cities of Kinshasa and Lubumbashi during the months of November and December as the outcomes of the 18 October accords were viewed as illegitimate by the major opposition groups. The National Catholic Episcopal Conference (CENCO) stepped in, convening the government and the main opposition coalition called the Rassemblement in a new dialogue. But this new dialogue did not reach a conclusion before the official end of President Kabila’s mandate on 19-20 December. In Kinshasa, there were anti-government protests and violence following 19 December, with 19 people reported killed and dozens wounded including many children, but the violence was significantly less than that in September. In Lubumbashi, clashes between demonstrators and police on 20 December resulted in an estimated 5 deaths and nearly 100 wounded; of these, at least 16 children were injured and at least one killed. Also in Lubumbashi, a major hospital was burned down by protesters, as staff refused to treat an injured demonstrator. As the country waited for the outcome of the CENCO talks, in accordance with the 18 October agreements, a new transitional government was named on 20 December with a new Prime Minister, Samy Badibanga and President Kabila remaining in power as President. Just before midnight on 31 December the CENCO accords were signed by political parties (majorité presidentielle), alongside main opposition groups (Rassemblement), to call for presidential elections by December 2017 (instead of April 2018 as had been proposed in the 18 October accord), a commitment of President Kabila to not seek a third term, and a ban on any changes to the constitution. The remaining unresolved points are focused on the transitional government and specifically who would be Prime Minister. In the meantime Mr. Badibanga and over 60 ministers and vice ministers have taken up their functions. The national independent electoral body (CENI) continues to expand the zones of voter registration; currently North and South Kivu have started with the process. Economy Economic growth in 2016 was estimated at 2.5%--a significant drop from 2015’s 6.9% growth rate. This sharp decline is largely due to the fall of global commodity prices in the mining sector. At the same time the inflation rate has been rising and the national currency (the Congolese franc) is losing ground vis-à-vis major currencies. In 2016, depreciation of the local currency was estimated at 20%. The 2016 budget initially set at 9.1 billion USD had to be re-evaluated down to 7.1 billion USD due to the economic crisis. The implications of this cut for the last six months of the year has already affected the allocations for social sector ministries. Conflicts Tanganyika The current cycle of violence between Balubakat and Batwa groups in Tanganyika province, already mentioned in the previous two reports, further intensified during this reporting period. It has now spread from Nyunzu territory1 to all of the province’s other five territories. In November, displaced families started to arrive in large numbers in Kalemie, Tanganyika province’s provincial capital, as Batwa militiamen struck as close as 12km from the city. This situation exacerbated resentment against MONUSCO, the UN peacekeeping force, accused by some of inaction and even complicity with the Batwa militias. This resulted in several attacks by Balubakat youths, in which at least two peacekeepers were wounded. On 20 December, Batwa militiamen attacked Manono, one of the largest towns in Tanganyika, after weeks of attacking villages in the surrounding areas, which had already caused many thousands of people to seek safety in Manono. At least six people were killed and 125 wounded according to local sources. This incident marked a turning point in terms of the conflict’s intensity. Following the Manono attack, Balubakat militiamen retaliated by attacking several Batwa villages around Manono, killing several people. At the same time, as many as 20,000 Manono residents and displaced persons hosted in the city fled south to Haut Lomani province. Batwa attacks spread south and east, killing several Balubakat 1 In the DRC a ‘territory,’ or ‘territoire’ is a specific administrative unit. Territories are the second-largest sub-national division after provinces. 2 DRC SITUATION REPORT November – December 2016 villagers including women and children and marking a further geographical extension of the conflict, as well as new levels of brutality. According to OCHA, this conflict caused the displacement of over 225,000 people from July to December 2016, nearly the same as the major Mai Mai crisis in central Katanga in 2013-2015. UNICEF’s emergency partners have been the main providers of humanitarian assistance to the victims of this conflict, with partners IRC and AVSI reaching some 70,000 people so far – most with multi-sectoral assistance. There are no signs of an end to this conflict, as the provincial government appears overwhelmed, and the central authorities more preoccupied with national political issues. Kasaï provinces (Kasaï, Kasaï Central, Kasaï Oriental) The conflict between Kamuina Nsapu, a traditional leader, and the provincial authorities of Kasaï Central, already mentioned in the previous reports, spread further during this reporting period. On 3-5 December, suspected Kamuina Nsapu militia members, among them many boys and girls, attacked Tshikapa, the provincial capital of Kasaï province, and surrounding areas. The attack and subsequent army operations resulted in some 135 casualties, and the displacement of 152,000 people. The majority had returned home by the end of the month, but an OCHA-led inter-agency mission estimated that at least 25,000 remain displaced. In Kasaï Oriental’s Kabeya Kamwanga territory, where Kamuina Nsapu militia fighters had first expanded the conflict in October, further clashes throughout December prevented returns and caused more displacement, currently estimated at around 70,000 people. In addition, new attacks south of Kasaï Central’s capital Kananga in December resulted in further casualties and displacement (no reliable figures available yet). To date UNICEF and its partners have been the only organizations to respond to the humanitarian consequences this conflict, with CRS—UNICEF’s partner for the DFID-supported Alternative Alternatives for Communities in Crisis (ARCC) programme— reaching some 16,700 returnees with unconditional cash transfers in December. In January, 80,000 people in the worst- affected areas of Kabeya Kamwanga will start receiving free access to primary care and treatment of malnourished children through support to local health structures with UNICEF support. Ituri The “Front de Résistance Patriotique de l’Ituri” (FRPI) militia continued to be active in several areas in southern Irumu territory, with new population movements reported. Fighting between the government Force Armée de la République Démocratique du Congo (FARDC) and the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) militia was reported at the end of December in Tsabi-Kainama and Samboko, near the border between North Kivu’s Beni territory and Ituri’s Irumu territory. Population displacement also continued to be reported from insecure areas of Beni territory toward Ituri province’s Irumu and Mambasa territories.