DOCSLIB.ORG

DETECTION of ANTIBODIES AGAINST Mycoplasma Capricolum Subsp

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
DETECTION of ANTIBODIES AGAINST Mycoplasma Capricolum Subsp View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by KhartoumSpace DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae IN SERA COLLECTED FROM GOATS IN KHARTOUM STATE By Gasim Mohammed Abuidris Elmustafa (B.Sc.V., University of Khartoum, 1999) Supervisor Dr. Ahmed Zaki Saad Ahmed Zaki A thesis submitted to the University of Khartoum in partial fulfillment of the requirements for M.Sc. Degree in Microbiology By courses and complementary research Department of Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Khartoum September 2007 Preface This study was carried out at the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Khartoum under the supervision of Dr. Ahmed Zaki Saad i Dedication To my beloved father and mother To my beloved family To my closed friends. With love…. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am indebted to “Allah” who granted me everything including the mind, health and patience to accomplish this work. I would like to express my deepest appreciation and sincere gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Ahmed Zaki Saad for his guidance, valuable advices, suggestions and kind supervision throughout the study period. A lot of thanks are expressed to all members of Microbiology laboratory; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Khartoum for their valuable help. iii Least but not last, my deep gratefulness are due to my colleagues Ali Elkarrar and Mohammed Elfadil for their help, patience, and encouragement throughout the period of the study. iv Abstract The main goal of this research was to study the prevalence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in Khartoum State. A total of 160 serum samples were collected from different areas in the State and investigated for antibodies (Abs) against Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) using agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and indirect haemagglutination (IHA) tests. Sonicated SDS-treated soluble antigen was the most suitable antigen preparation for AGID compared to whole cell or cell debris SDS-treated antigens. 60% of samples were found positive with AGID whereas 63.75% of samples were found positive with IHA respectively. All IHA positive sera with antibody titre ≥ 1/8 were found positive with AGID. Regardless of sex and age all animals are equally affected. Foreign goat breeds were more susceptible to infection than local ones. v It was concluded from the study that CCPP was widely distributed in Khartoum State and further work should be done to isolate the causative agent. vi ﻤﻠﺨﺹ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﻫﺩﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺩﻱ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎ ﺭ ﻤﺭﺽ ﺫﺍ ﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺌـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻨـﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ. ﺘﻡ ﺠﻤﻊ 160 ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺯ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺒﺎﻟﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻡ ﻓﺤﺼﻬﺎ ﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻑ ﻋـﻥ ﻭﺠـﻭﺩ ﺍﻷﺠـﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤـﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻟـﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﻤـﺭﺽ capricolum sub sp capripneumoniae ) (Mycoplasma ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤ ﺯﺩﻭﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺠل ﻭ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟـﺘﻼﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ. ﻟﻘﺩ ﻭﺠﺩ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻀﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘـﻡ ﺘﻜـﺴﻴﺭﻩ ﺒﻭﺍﺴـﻁﺔ ﺍل (Sonicator) ﻭﻋﻭﻟﺞ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ (Sodium dodecyl suphate)ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻨﺴﺏ ﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺩﻭﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺠل ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺘﻪ ﺒﻤﺴﺘﺤﻀﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺴﺘﻀﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﺨﺭﻱ. 60% ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻗﺩ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺒـﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻨﺘـﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺩﻭﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺠل ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ 63.75% ﻗـﺩ ﻭﺠـﺩﺕ ﻤﻭﺠﺒـﺔ ﻋﻨـﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻼﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ . ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻜل ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺠﺴﻡ ﻤﻀﺎﺩ ⅛ ﻓﺎﻜﺜﺭ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻓﺤﺼﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟـﺘﻼﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﻴـﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﺒﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎ ﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤـﺯﺩﻭﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺠل . vii ﺃﻭﻀﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻜل ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﺭﻀﺔ ﻟﻺﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻅـﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺠﻨﺴﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﻥ ﺍﺘﻀﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻋﺭﻀﺔ ﻟﻺﺼـﺎﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ. ﺨﻠﺼﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺇﻟﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺽ ﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ ﻭﻴﻘﺘﺭﺡ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻟﻌﺯل ﻤﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺽ ﺒﺎﻟﻭﻻﻴﺔ. viii LIST OF CONTENTS Preface ……………………………………………………………… i Dedication ii ……………………………………………………………… Acknowledgment iii ………………………………………………………. English Abstract iv ………………………………………………………... Arabic abstract……………………………………………………….. v List of contents vii ………………………………………………………… List of tables xi …………………………………………………………… List of figures.. xii List of Plates xii …………………………………………………………… Introduction 1 ……………………………………………………………. Chapter One: Literature Review 3 1.1 Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia ………………... 3 1.1.1 Definition………………………………………………. 3 1.2 History…………………………………………………. 3 1.3 Causative agent……………………………………….... 3 1.4 8 Classification 1.5 Epidemiology …………………………………………. 8 1.5.1 Host range …………………………………………….. 8 1.5.1.1. Goats of Sudan ………………………………………... 9 1.5.1.2 Breeds …………………………………………………. 9 1.5.1.2.1 Sudanese Nubian goats ……………………………….. 9 1.5.1.2.2. Sudanese desert goats ………………………………… 9 1.5.1.2.3. The Nilotic goats 10 1.5.1.2.4. Saanen 10 1.5.1.2.5. Damascus 10 1.5.2. Transmission 12 1.5.3. Distribution 12` 1.6. Clinical signs 14 1.7s. Pathology 15 ix 17.1. Gross lesions 15 1.7.2. Histopathology 16 1.8. Molecular epidemiology 16 1.9. Diagnosis 17 1.9.1. Field Diagnosis 17 1.9.2. Specimens for Laboratory 18 1.9.3. Laboratory Diagnosis 18 1.9.4. Differential Diagnosis 20 1.10. Disease Prevention and Control 20 1.11. Control and Eradication 21 1.12. Immunology 22 1.13. Serology 22 1.13.1. Serological identification 23 1.13.1.1. Growth inhibition test (GIT) 23 1.13.1.2. Immunofluorescence tests (IF) 23 1.13.2. Serological tests 23 1.13.2.1 Immunodiffusion 23 1.13.2.2. Indirect (Passive) hem agglutination test (IHA) 24 1.13.2.3. Latex agglutination test (LAT) 25 1.13.2.3.1. Polysaccharide-specific antibody-detection (LAT) 25 1.13.2.3.2. polysaccharide-specific antigen-detection (LAT) 25 1.13.2.4. Complement fixation test (CFT) 26 1.13.2.5. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 26 1.13.2.6. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and 27 immunobloting CHAPTER TWO: Materials and Methods 29 2.1 Samples ……………………………………………. 29 x 2.1.1. Collection of samples ………………………………… 29 2.1.2. Separation of serum 30 2.2. Mccp strains 30 2.2.1. Growth medium 30 2.2.1.1. Medium ingredients 30 2.2.1.1.1. Horse serum 30 2.2.1.1.2. Fresh yeast extract 31 2.2.1.1.3. Glucose solution 31 2.2.1.1.4. Penicillin solution 31 2.2.1.1.5. Thallium acetate 10% (w/v) 31 2.2.1.1.6. Sodium pyruvate 32 2.2.1.2. Modified Hayfilick’s medium 32 2..2.3. Cultivation of Mccp 33 2.2.4. Harvesting and washing of cells 33 2.2.5. Sonication of Mccp cells 33 2.2.6. SDS treatment 34 2.3. Serological test 34 2.3.1. Agar gel immundiffusion test (AGID) 34 2.3.1.1. Material 34 2.3.1.1.1. Antigens 34 2.3.1.1.2. Serum samples 34 2.3.1.1.3. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 35 2.3.1.1.4. Other substances 35 2.3.1.2. Method 35 xi 2.3.1.2.1 Preparation of the gel 35 2.3.1.2.2. Test procedure 36 2.3.2. Indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) 37 2.3.2.1. Materials 37 2.3.2.1.1. Antigen 37 2.3.2.1.2. Serum samples 37 2.3.2.1.3. Sheep red blood cells (SRBC) 37 2.3.2.1.4. Normal saline 37 2.3.2.1.5. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 37 2.3.2.1.6. Others substances 37 2.3.2.2. Method 38 2.3.2.2.1. Test procedure 38 CHAPTER THREE RESULTS 40 3.1 Selection of antigen for AGID 40 3.2 Detection of antibodies against Mccp 40 3.3 Distribution of CCP in Khartoum State 43 3.4. CCPP in different goat breeds 45 3.5. CCPP in different age groups of goats 47 3.6. CCPP in different sex of goats 49 CHAPTER FOUR DISCUSSION 52 Conclusion 55 Recommendations 55 REFERENCE 56 xii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1.1 Mycoplasmas, Including M. capricolum subsp. 6 capripneumoniae, Isolated from Small Ruminants with Respiratory Disease (Nicolas, 2002) 1.2 Major Biochemical Differences between Mycoplasmas 7 of Small Ruminants (Nicolas, 2002) 1.3 Distribution of CCPP (Nicolas, 2002) 14 2.1 Samples collected from different areas in Khartoum 29 State. 3.1 Comparison of results of the two tests. Result of IHA 41 was recorded as strong positive, weak positive and negative 3.2 Distribution of CCP different areas of Khartoum State 43 3.3 Antibodies against Mccp in different goat breeds in 45 Khartoum state: 3.4 47 CCPP in different age groups of goats 3.5 CCPP in different goat’s sex 49 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 2.1 Loading of wells with different reagents in the AGID 36 xiii test 3.1 Distribution of CCPP in Khartoum State 44 3.2 Antibodies against Mccp in different breeds of goats in 46 Khartoum State 3.3 Antibodies against Mccp in different age groups of 48 goats 3.4 CCPP in different goat sexes in Khartoum state. 50 LIST OF PLATES Plate Page 1.4.1.1. Goats of Sudan 11 3.1 Selection of antigen for AGID 42 3 AGID test for goat serum samples collected from 51 Khartoum State xiv Introduction: Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a major disease of goats in Africa, Middle East and western Asia. It is both highly contagious and particularly virulent with up to 100% and 70% morbidity and mortality rates respectively in susceptible herds. The disease, which is caused by Mycoplasma capriculum subsp. capripnemoniae (Mccp), results in major economic losses to goats industry in nearly 40 countries; hence it is placed by the OIE in list B, which includes the important disease from economic standpoint. While clinical disease has so far been reported in 38 countries, only 11 countries have isolated the causative organism, principally because Mccp is difficult to culture. In the Sudan, the disease is known Abu nini and it was described in the Sudan Veterinary Report since 1902 (Anon, 1902).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Mysterious Orphans of Mycoplasmataceae
    The mysterious orphans of Mycoplasmataceae Tatiana V. Tatarinova1,2*, Inna Lysnyansky3, Yuri V. Nikolsky4,5,6, and Alexander Bolshoy7* 1 Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90027, California, USA 2 Spatial Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, California, USA 3 Mycoplasma Unit, Division of Avian and Aquatic Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, POB 12, Beit Dagan, 50250, Israel 4 School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, 10900 University Blvd, MSN 5B3, Manassas, VA 20110, USA 5 Biomedical Cluster, Skolkovo Foundation, 4 Lugovaya str., Skolkovo Innovation Centre, Mozhajskij region, Moscow, 143026, Russian Federation 6 Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation 7 Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Israel 1,2 [email protected] 3 [email protected] 4-6 [email protected] 7 [email protected] 1 Abstract Background: The length of a protein sequence is largely determined by its function, i.e. each functional group is associated with an optimal size. However, comparative genomics revealed that proteins’ length may be affected by additional factors. In 2002 it was shown that in bacterium Escherichia coli and the archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus, protein sequences with no homologs are, on average, shorter than those with homologs [1]. Most experts now agree that the length distributions are distinctly different between protein sequences with and without homologs in bacterial and archaeal genomes. In this study, we examine this postulate by a comprehensive analysis of all annotated prokaryotic genomes and focusing on certain exceptions.
    [Show full text]
  • MIB–MIP Is a Mycoplasma System That Captures and Cleaves Immunoglobulin G
    MIB–MIP is a mycoplasma system that captures and cleaves immunoglobulin G Yonathan Arfia,b,1, Laetitia Minderc,d, Carmelo Di Primoe,f,g, Aline Le Royh,i,j, Christine Ebelh,i,j, Laurent Coquetk, Stephane Claveroll, Sanjay Vasheem, Joerg Joresn,o, Alain Blancharda,b, and Pascal Sirand-Pugneta,b aINRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; bUniversity of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; cInstitut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, UMS 3033, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France; dInstitut Bergonié, SIRIC BRIO, 33076 Bordeaux, France; eINSERM U1212, ARN Regulation Naturelle et Artificielle, 33607 Pessac, France; fCNRS UMR 5320, ARN Regulation Naturelle et Artificielle, 33607 Pessac, France; gInstitut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France; hInstitut de Biologie Structurale, University of Grenoble Alpes, F-38044 Grenoble, France; iCNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France; jCEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France; kCNRS UMR 6270, Plateforme PISSARO, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine - Normandie Rouen, Normandie Université, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; lProteome Platform, Functional Genomic Center of Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; mJ. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850; nInternational Livestock Research Institute, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; and oInstitute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland Edited by Roy Curtiss III, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, and approved March 30, 2016 (received for review January 12, 2016) Mycoplasmas are “minimal” bacteria able to infect humans, wildlife, introduced into naive herds (8).
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Protein Phosphorylation in Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
    Pathogenicity of a minimal organism: Role of protein phosphorylation in Mycoplasma pneumoniae Dissertation zur Erlangung des mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades „Doctor rerum naturalium“ der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen vorgelegt von Sebastian Schmidl aus Bad Hersfeld Göttingen 2010 Mitglieder des Betreuungsausschusses: Referent: Prof. Dr. Jörg Stülke Koreferent: PD Dr. Michael Hoppert Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 02.11.2010 “Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.” (Albert Einstein) Danksagung Zunächst möchte ich mich bei Prof. Dr. Jörg Stülke für die Ermöglichung dieser Doktorarbeit bedanken. Nicht zuletzt durch seine freundliche und engagierte Betreuung hat mir die Zeit viel Freude bereitet. Des Weiteren hat er mir alle Freiheiten zur Verwirklichung meiner eigenen Ideen gelassen, was ich sehr zu schätzen weiß. Für die Übernahme des Korreferates danke ich PD Dr. Michael Hoppert sowie Prof. Dr. Heinz Neumann, PD Dr. Boris Görke, PD Dr. Rolf Daniel und Prof. Dr. Botho Bowien für das Mitwirken im Thesis-Komitee. Der Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes gilt ein besonderer Dank für die finanzielle Unterstützung dieser Arbeit, durch die es mir unter anderem auch möglich war, an Tagungen in fernen Ländern teilzunehmen. Prof. Dr. Michael Hecker und der Gruppe von Dr. Dörte Becher (Universität Greifswald) danke ich für die freundliche Zusammenarbeit bei der Durchführung von zahlreichen Proteomics-Experimenten. Ein ganz besonderer Dank geht dabei an Katrin Gronau, die mich in die Feinheiten der 2D-Gelelektrophorese eingeführt hat. Außerdem möchte ich mich bei Andreas Otto für die zahlreichen Proteinidentifikationen in den letzten Monaten bedanken. Nicht zu vergessen ist auch meine zweite Außenstelle an der Universität in Barcelona. Dr. Maria Lluch-Senar und Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Supplementary Material a Major Clade of Prokaryotes with Ancient
    Supplementary Material A major clade of prokaryotes with ancient adaptations to life on land Fabia U. Battistuzzi and S. Blair Hedges Data assembly and phylogenetic analyses Protein data set: Amino acid sequences of 25 protein-coding genes (“proteins”) were concatenated in an alignment of 18,586 amino acid sites and 283 species. These proteins included: 15 ribosomal proteins (RPL1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 11, 13, 16; RPS2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11), four genes (RNA polymerase alpha, beta, and gamma subunits, Transcription antitermination factor NusG) from the functional category of Transcription, three proteins (Elongation factor G, Elongation factor Tu, Translation initiation factor IF2) of the Translation, Ribosomal Structure and Biogenesis functional category, one protein (DNA polymerase III, beta subunit) of the DNA Replication, Recombination and repair category, one protein (Preprotein translocase SecY) of the Cell Motility and Secretion category, and one protein (O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase) of the Posttranslational Modification, Protein Turnover, Chaperones category, as annotated in the Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG) (Tatusov et al. 2001). After removal of multiple strains of the same species, GBlocks 0.91b (Castresana 2000) was applied to each protein in the concatenation to delete poorly aligned sites (i.e., sites with gaps in more than 50% of the species and conserved in less than 50% of the species) with the following parameters: minimum number of sequences for a conserved position: 110, minimum number of sequences for a flank position: 110, maximum number of contiguous non-conserved positions: 32000, allowed gap positions: with half. The signal-to-noise ratio was determined by altering the “minimum length of a block” parameter.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Mycoplasma Spp
    Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-0916 RESEARCH ARTICLE Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.12/May-2019/6.pdf Open Access Isolation and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma spp. in sheep and goats in Egypt Mounier M. Abdel Halium1, Fayez A. Salib1, S. A. Marouf2 and Emil S. Abdel Massieh1 1. Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; 2. Department of Microbiology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. Corresponding author: Emil S. Abdel Massieh, e-mail: [email protected] Co-authors: MMAH: [email protected], FAS: [email protected], SAM: [email protected] Received: 04-12-2018, Accepted: 15-03-2019, Published online: 13-05-2019 doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.664-670 How to cite this article: Abdel Halium MM, Salib FA, Marouf SA, Abdel Massieh ES (2019) Isolation and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma spp. in sheep and goats in Egypt, Veterinary World, 12(5): 664-670. Abstract Background and Aim: Different species of Mycoplasma are associated with many pathological problems in small ruminants including respiratory manifestation, this problem results in significant losses, especially in African countries. This study aimed to (I) study some epidemiological aspects of Mycoplasma species infections in Egyptian sheep and goats at Giza Governorate, (II) diagnosis of Mycoplasma species affections using bacterial isolation and identification, (III) apply the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for typing of different Mycoplasma species, and (IV) illustrate the phylogenetic tree for the isolated Mycoplasma species and other species from GenBank using the purified PCR product. Materials and Methods: A total of 335 samples were collected from sheep and goats from Giza Governorate in Egypt as 142 nasal swabs from clinically affected animals, 167 pneumonic lungs, 18 samples from tracheal bifurcation, and 8 samples by bronchial wash were cultured on pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLOs) media for cultivation of Mycoplasma species.
    [Show full text]
  • Detection of Mycoplasma Capricolum Subsp. Capripneumoniae and Mannheimia Haemolytica As Causative Agents of Pleuropneumonia in Goats
    ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL Detection of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae and Mannheimia haemolytica as causative agents of pleuropneumonia in goats Fatemeh Namazi1,2,*, Abdollah Derakhshandeh1,3, Sajedeh Sajadi Hezaveh4, Vida Eraghi1,5. Abstract Objective: The aim of the study was detection of two major causative agents of pleuropneumonia, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) and Mannheimia haemolytica, in goats. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first investigation of Mccp in Iran. Methods: 50 grossly suspected lungs to pleuropneumonia and 10 healthy samples were collected from Shiraz abattoir. Results: Histopathological evaluation of tissue samples showed various diagnosed pneumonias including 40% bronchointerstitial pneumonia (20 samples), 34% in- terstitial pneumonia (17 samples), 10% fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia (5 samples), 12% purulent bronchopneumonia (6 samples) and 4% chronic pneumonia (2 samples). In molecular study, all 50 suspected samples and 10 healthy ones by PCR showed no Mccp positive sample, but the detection rate of M. haemolytica in suspected samples was 14% and in healthy lungs was zero. Conclusions: It may be concluded that goats referred to Shiraz abattoir is free of Mccp. Further sampling and molecular testing at the level of suspected herds to CCPP can be useful. Key words: Histopathology, Lungs, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae, M. haemolytica, Pleuropneumonia. Detección de Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae y Mannheimia haemolytica como agentes causales de pleuro-neumonia en cabras Resumen Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue la detección de dos agentes causantes principales de pleuroneumonía, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) y Mannheimia haemolytica, en cabras. Hasta donde sabemos, este estudio es la primera investigación de Mccp en Irán.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome Diversity of Spore-Forming Firmicutes MICHAEL Y
    Genome Diversity of Spore-Forming Firmicutes MICHAEL Y. GALPERIN National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894 ABSTRACT Formation of heat-resistant endospores is a specific Vibrio subtilis (and also Vibrio bacillus), Ferdinand Cohn property of the members of the phylum Firmicutes (low-G+C assigned it to the genus Bacillus and family Bacillaceae, Gram-positive bacteria). It is found in representatives of four specifically noting the existence of heat-sensitive vegeta- different classes of Firmicutes, Bacilli, Clostridia, Erysipelotrichia, tive cells and heat-resistant endospores (see reference 1). and Negativicutes, which all encode similar sets of core sporulation fi proteins. Each of these classes also includes non-spore-forming Soon after that, Robert Koch identi ed Bacillus anthracis organisms that sometimes belong to the same genus or even as the causative agent of anthrax in cattle and the species as their spore-forming relatives. This chapter reviews the endospores as a means of the propagation of this orga- diversity of the members of phylum Firmicutes, its current taxon- nism among its hosts. In subsequent studies, the ability to omy, and the status of genome-sequencing projects for various form endospores, the specific purple staining by crystal subgroups within the phylum. It also discusses the evolution of the violet-iodine (Gram-positive staining, reflecting the pres- Firmicutes from their apparently spore-forming common ancestor ence of a thick peptidoglycan layer and the absence of and the independent loss of sporulation genes in several different lineages (staphylococci, streptococci, listeria, lactobacilli, an outer membrane), and the relatively low (typically ruminococci) in the course of their adaptation to the saprophytic less than 50%) molar fraction of guanine and cytosine lifestyle in a nutrient-rich environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of a Fret Biosensor to Detect the Pathogen
    DEVELOPMENT OF A FRET BIOSENSOR TO DETECT THE PATHOGEN MYCOPLASMA CAPRICOLUM A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri-Columbia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science By MICHELLE ANNE WINDSOR KRAMER Dr. Sheila Grant, Thesis Supervisor DECEMBER 2005 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my God, my Lord and Savior. I would also like to thank my family; my mother, Cathy, my fathers, Walter and David, my brother, Christopher, my step-mother Kira, my in-laws, Nola and Richard and lastly my husband, Gentry. Gentry you were my main source of love, support, and comfort during this time. I LOVE YOU ALL! I also want to thank my advisor, Dr. Sheila Grant, the best advisor in the whole history of advisors. Her knowledge, her drive, her understanding, and her assistance made this time one of the most enjoyable educational times of my life. I also want to thank Darcy Lichlyter for all of her help in lab; Dr. Kim Wise, for so generously sharing his knowledge, time, and interests; and finally, Mark Foecking, for all of his time, effort, and generosity in sharing his research materials with me. Lastly, I want to thank all of my friends, both out of, and in lab. My best friends, Darcy Denner and Nicole Brossier, my sorority sisters, you two are the best sisters ever. Also I want to thank Dr.Grant’s entire lab group, they made this time so much fun! ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................................................................................................... ii LIST OF EQUATIONS ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Thermophiles and Thermozymes
    Thermophiles and Thermozymes Edited by María-Isabel González-Siso Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Microorganisms www.mdpi.com/journal/microorganisms Thermophiles and Thermozymes Thermophiles and Thermozymes Special Issue Editor Mar´ıa-Isabel Gonz´alez-Siso MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editor Mar´ıa-Isabel Gonzalez-Siso´ Universidade da Coruna˜ Spain Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607) from 2018 to 2019 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ microorganisms/special issues/thermophiles) For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03897-816-9 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03897-817-6 (PDF) c 2019 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editor ...................................... vii Mar´ıa-Isabel Gonz´alez-Siso Editorial for the Special Issue: Thermophiles and Thermozymes Reprinted from: Microorganisms 2019, 7, 62, doi:10.3390/microorganisms7030062 ........
    [Show full text]
  • Fatal Outbreak of Mycoplasma Capricolum Pneumonia In
    DISPATCHES canal (4), and pose an insidious risk for cross-species Fatal Outbreak transmission with sympatric wild caprines (2,3). of Mycoplasma The Study The markhor (Capra falconeri) is an endangered wild capricolum goat in a continuous decline; the global population is <2,500 mature animals (5). In Tajikistan, <350 animals may survive Pneumonia in in fragmented subpopulations in the remote Hazratishoh Endangered and Darvaz mountain ranges along the Afghanistan border (6). They live sedentarily over relatively small home Markhors ranges, moving <5 km per day (7). Throughout its range, the markhor has to forage in close proximity to domestic Stéphane Ostrowski, Francois Thiaucourt, goats (8) and is therefore prone to infections of contagious Mulojon Amirbekov, Abdurahmon Mahmadshoev, agents transmitted by these animals. Lucía Manso-Silván, Virginie Dupuy, During September 17–October 18, 2010, eleven Dustmurod Vahobov, Orom Ziyoev, markhors that displayed labored breathing and 64 markhors and Stefan Michel that had recently died were found in 5 localities (Table) in A pneumonia outbreak reduced the numbers of a wild the district of Shuroabad, Khatlon Province, usually in close population of endangered markhors (Capra falconeri) in proximity to water sources (Figure 1, panel A). All but 4 Tajikistan in 2010. The infection was diagnosed by histologic carcasses were too scavenged for thorough examination in examination and bacteriologic testing. Mycoplasma the fi eld, and 1 dying adult female was sent on September capricolum subsp. capricolum was the sole infectious agent 20 to the Republican Veterinary Laboratory in Dushanbe detected. Cross-species transmission from domestic goats for necropsy. The most relevant necropsy fi ndings noted may have occurred.
    [Show full text]
  • Grundlagen Mikro- Und Nanosysteme
    GrundlagenGrundlagen Mikro-Mikro- undund NanosystemeNanosysteme Mikro- und Nanosysteme in der Umwelt, Biologie und Medizin Synthetische Biologie Dr. Marc R. Dusseiller Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 1 SynthetischeSynthetische BiologieBiologie Was ist Synthetische Biologie BioBricks Minimales Genome Mycoplasma Genitalium Mycolplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0 Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 2 WasWas istist SynthetischeSynthetische BiologieBiologie http://openwetware.org http://www.biobricks.org http://syntheticbiology.org/ Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 3 “What I cannot build, I cannot understand.” “What I cannot create, I do not understand.” Richard Feynman, on his blackboard, 1988 American physicist, 1918 - 1988 Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 4 MinimalMinimal GenomeGenome ProjectProject “What I cannot build, I cannot understand.” Richard Feynman Kingdom: Bacteria, Class: Mollicutes, Genus: Mycoplasma absence of cell wall, soft, typically 0.2-0.3 μm in size, very small genome size. Mycoplasma genitalium | natural 482 genes comprising 580,000 bp, arranged on one circular chromosome. Mycoplasma laboratorium | 2003 minimal set of 382 genes that can sustain life. → lots of patents already on it by JCVI Mycoplasma genitalium JCVI-1.0 | 2008 Synthetic Genome copy of M. genitalium, including some modifications for safety and “watermarks” → not successfully transplanted Mycoplasma mycoides | natural 1,000,000 pb genome, parasite that lives in ruminants (cattle and goats), causing lung disease. Mycoplasma capricolum | natural recipient host cell pathogen of goats, but has also been found in sheep and cows. Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 5 SynthetischeSynthetische OrganismenOrganismen Mycolplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0 Publiziert am 20. Mai 2010 E. Pennisi Science 328, 958-959 (2010) http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/science.1190719 Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 6 MycolplasmaMycolplasma mycoidesmycoides JCVI-syn1.0JCVI-syn1.0 From C.
    [Show full text]
  • Stop Codon Recoding Is Widespread in Diverse Phage Lineages and Has the Potential to Regulate Translation of Late Stage and Lytic Genes
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.26.457843; this version posted August 26, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. Stop codon recoding is widespread in diverse phage lineages and has the potential to regulate translation of late stage and lytic genes Adair L. Borges1,2, Yue Clare Lou1,3, Rohan Sachdeva1,4, Basem Al-Shayeb1,3, Alexander L. Jaffe3, Shufei Lei4, Joanne M. Santini5, Jillian F. Banfield1,2,4,6,7* 1 Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA 2 Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA 3 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA 4 Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA 5 Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK 6 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA 7 The University of Melbourne, Australia * Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The genetic code is a highly conserved feature of life. However, some “alternative” genetic codes use reassigned stop codons to code for amino acids. Here, we survey stop codon recoding across bacteriophages (phages) in human and animal gut microbiomes. We find that stop codon recoding has evolved in diverse clades of phages predicted to infect hosts that use the standard code. We provide evidence for an evolutionary path towards recoding involving reduction in the frequency of TGA and TAG stop codons due to low GC content, followed by acquisition of suppressor tRNAs and the emergence of recoded stop codons in structural and lysis genes.
    [Show full text]