GrundlagenGrundlagen Mikro-Mikro- undund NanosystemeNanosysteme

Mikro- und Nanosysteme in der Umwelt, Biologie und Medizin

Synthetische Biologie

Dr. Marc R. Dusseiller

Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 1 SynthetischeSynthetische BiologieBiologie

Was ist Synthetische Biologie BioBricks Minimales Genome Mycoplasma Genitalium Mycolplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0

Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 2 WasWas istist SynthetischeSynthetische BiologieBiologie

http://openwetware.org http://www.biobricks.org http://syntheticbiology.org/

Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 3

“What I cannot build, I cannot understand.” “What I cannot create, I do not understand.”

Richard Feynman, on his blackboard, 1988 American physicist, 1918 - 1988

Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 4 MinimalMinimal GenomeGenome ProjectProject

“What I cannot build, I cannot understand.” Richard Feynman

Kingdom: Bacteria, Class: Mollicutes, Genus: Mycoplasma absence of cell wall, soft, typically 0.2-0.3 μm in size, very small genome size.

Mycoplasma genitalium | natural 482 genes comprising 580,000 bp, arranged on one circular chromosome.

Mycoplasma laboratorium | 2003 minimal set of 382 genes that can sustain life. → lots of patents already on it by JCVI

Mycoplasma genitalium JCVI-1.0 | 2008 Synthetic Genome copy of M. genitalium, including some modifications for safety and “watermarks” → not successfully transplanted

Mycoplasma mycoides | natural 1,000,000 pb genome, parasite that lives in ruminants (cattle and goats), causing lung disease.

Mycoplasma capricolum | natural recipient host cell pathogen of goats, but has also been found in sheep and cows.

Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 5 SynthetischeSynthetische OrganismenOrganismen

Mycolplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0

Publiziert am 20. Mai 2010

E. Pennisi Science 328, 958-959 (2010)

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/science.1190719

Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 6 MycolplasmaMycolplasma mycoidesmycoides JCVI-syn1.0JCVI-syn1.0

From C. Venter media conference

• start from a digital code in copmputer

• building the chromosome from 4 bottles of chemicals

• assembly of the chromosome in yeast

• transplanting into recipient bacterial cell

• transforming that into a new bacterial species

• first self replicating species, whose parent is a computer and has a website encoded in its dna

Mycolplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0 http://www.jcvi.org/cms/research/projects/first-self-replicating-synthetic-bacterial-cell/overview/ Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 7 MycolplasmaMycolplasma mycoidesmycoides JCVI-syn1.0JCVI-syn1.0

Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 8