GrundlagenGrundlagen Mikro-Mikro- undund NanosystemeNanosysteme Mikro- und Nanosysteme in der Umwelt, Biologie und Medizin Synthetische Biologie Dr. Marc R. Dusseiller Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 1 SynthetischeSynthetische BiologieBiologie Was ist Synthetische Biologie BioBricks Minimales Genome Mycoplasma Genitalium Mycolplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0 Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 2 WasWas istist SynthetischeSynthetische BiologieBiologie http://openwetware.org http://www.biobricks.org http://syntheticbiology.org/ Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 3 “What I cannot build, I cannot understand.” “What I cannot create, I do not understand.” Richard Feynman, on his blackboard, 1988 American physicist, 1918 - 1988 Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 4 MinimalMinimal GenomeGenome ProjectProject “What I cannot build, I cannot understand.” Richard Feynman Kingdom: Bacteria, Class: Mollicutes, Genus: Mycoplasma absence of cell wall, soft, typically 0.2-0.3 μm in size, very small genome size. Mycoplasma genitalium | natural 482 genes comprising 580,000 bp, arranged on one circular chromosome. Mycoplasma laboratorium | 2003 minimal set of 382 genes that can sustain life. → lots of patents already on it by JCVI Mycoplasma genitalium JCVI-1.0 | 2008 Synthetic Genome copy of M. genitalium, including some modifications for safety and “watermarks” → not successfully transplanted Mycoplasma mycoides | natural 1,000,000 pb genome, parasite that lives in ruminants (cattle and goats), causing lung disease. Mycoplasma capricolum | natural recipient host cell pathogen of goats, but has also been found in sheep and cows. Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 5 SynthetischeSynthetische OrganismenOrganismen Mycolplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0 Publiziert am 20. Mai 2010 E. Pennisi Science 328, 958-959 (2010) http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/science.1190719 Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 6 MycolplasmaMycolplasma mycoidesmycoides JCVI-syn1.0JCVI-syn1.0 From C. Venter media conference • start from a digital code in copmputer • building the chromosome from 4 bottles of chemicals • assembly of the chromosome in yeast • transplanting into recipient bacterial cell • transforming that into a new bacterial species • first self replicating species, whose parent is a computer and has a website encoded in its dna Mycolplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0 http://www.jcvi.org/cms/research/projects/first-self-replicating-synthetic-bacterial-cell/overview/ Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 7 MycolplasmaMycolplasma mycoidesmycoides JCVI-syn1.0JCVI-syn1.0 Mikrosysteme – FS10 Slide 8.