DOCSLIB.ORG

Procedure, Inferior and Canine Fossa Puncture, Inferior Meatal Antrostomy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Procedure, Inferior and Canine Fossa Puncture, Inferior Meatal Antrostomy OPEN ACCESS ATLAS OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD & NECK OPERATIVE SURGERY CALDWELL-LUC (RADICAL ANTROSTOMY), INFERIOR MEATAL ANTROS- TOMY & CANINE FOSSA AND INFERIOR MEATUS PUNCTURES Johan Fagan The Caldwell-Luc operation involves The canine fossa is a depression on the creating an opening into the maxillary anterior surface of the maxilla below the antrum through the canine fossa via a infraorbital foramen and lateral to the ca- sublabial approach. nine eminence and the incisive fossa (Figures 2, 3). It is larger and deeper than Canine fossa (CFP) & inferior meatal the incisive fossa, and is separated from it puncture are used to obtain samples of pus by the canine eminence, a vertical mound from the antrum, to irrigate the antrum overlying the socket of the canine tooth. (“antral washout”), or as an adjunct to en- The caninus muscle arises from the canine doscopic ethmoidectomy. fossa. Surgical anatomy Orbital rim The Caldwell-Luc operation involves en- Infraorbital foramen tering the maxillary sinus via an opening in the thin bone of the canine fossa (Figures Inferior turbinate 1-3). Canine fossa Caninus muscle Incisive fossa Nasalis muscle Depressor alae nasi Canine eminence Canine tooth Incisors Figure 2: Right canine fossa (yellow), incisive fossa and canine eminence The infraorbital foramen transmits the in- Figure 1: Thin bone of canine fossa (yel- fraorbital nerve, artery, and vein. The in- low arrow); nasolacrimal duct (red arrow) fraorbital neurovascular bundle traverses a groove in the orbital floor/roof of the sinus A series of eminences overlie the roots of which can be dehiscent. It exits through the the teeth on the inferior part of the face of infraorbital foramen, located approximate- the maxilla (Figures 2, 3). Just above the ly 5mm below the midportion of the infe- eminences of the incisor teeth is a depres- rior orbital rim to enter the soft tissues of sion called the incisive fossa; it gives ori- the cheek. Branches of the nerve supply gin to the depressor alae nasi. The nasalis the lower eyelid, nose, cheek and upper lip muscle arises just lateral to it (Figure 2). (Figures 3, 4). Care must be taken when elevating the periosteum from the anterior wall of the sinus to avoid injury to the The maxillary sinus is lined by ciliated co- infraorbital nerve where it exits the canal. lumnar epithelium. The cilia move secre- Branches of the anterior and posterior su- tions toward the natural sinus ostium; this perior alveolar nerves travel through bone explains the limited efficacy of an inferior to supply the upper teeth and gums (Fig- meatal antrostomy. The adult maxillary si- ures 3, 4). These nerves may be injured nus is 25-35mm wide, 36-45mm high, and when extending the antrostomy too low 38-45mm long, and has an average volume and cause loss of sensation to the teeth and of 15ml. The superior wall is formed by gums. the orbital floor which is thin and often de- hiscent. The infraorbital nerve is in the roof of the sinus. Medially and posteriorly the roof is composed of the floor of the ethmoid sinuses (Figure 10). The anterior Palpebral branches wall contains the nerves and vessels that Infraorbital nerve supply the upper teeth. It is thinner ante- Nasal branches riorly and thickens posterolaterally where Labial branches it joins the zygomatic process (Figure 1). Septae are present in about a third of cases, Ant superior mainly anteriorly (Figure 1). The medial alveolar nerve wall of the maxillary sinus separates it Septal branch from the nasal cavity (Figures 5, 6). Branches of post sup alveolar nerve Frontal sinus Branches to teeth Post ethmoidal foramen Branches to gums Orbital process pal bone Anterior ethmoidal Sphenopalatine for foramen Foramen rotundum Figure 3: Infraorbital nerve and branches Lacrimal fossa of the anterior superior alveolar and pos- Uncinate Max sinus ostium terior superior alveolar nerves; antros- Inferior turbinate Pterygoid canal tomy in canine fossa (red circle); stippled Palatine bone lines indicate nerves within the bone Lateral pterygoid plate Pyramidal process palatine of bone Figure 5: Lateral view with windows cut in lateral and medial walls of maxillary sinus The inferior turbinate is attached along the nasal wall below the level of the maxillary sinus ostium (Figure 6). The nasolacrimal duct traverses the thicker bone at the junction of the medial and anterior walls before opening into the nose below the in- ferior turbinate (Figures 1, 12). The sinus Figure 4: Branches of V2 (An Atlas of communicates with the nasal cavity via the Anatomy, by regions; 1962: Grant) maxillary sinus ostium in the hiatus semi- 2 Frontal sinus Anterior cranial fossa floor Crista galli Frontonasal duct Sella turcica Lacrimal sac in lacrimal fossa Anterior end of maxillary sinus Inferior turbinate Uncinate Maxillary sinus ostium Medial pterygoid plate Pterygoid hamulus Figure 7: Coronal CT slice through lacri- mal fossa Figure 6: Bony anatomy of the lateral wall of the nose Floor anterior cranial fossa lunaris of the middle meatus (Figures 8, Lamina papyracea 9). The posterior wall is the infratemporal Middle turbinate surface of the maxilla and separates the Uncinate process sinus from the pterygomaxillary fissure and the pterygopalatine fossa which con- Infraorbital nerve tains the internal maxillary artery and its Maxillary sinus branches and the pterygopalatine ganglion Inferior turbinate and its branches (Figure 4). The radiological anatomy of the maxillary sinus is assessed on plain X-rays or by co- Figure 8: Coronal plane through anterior ronal and axial CT scans and is essential to ethmoids midway along the maxillary sinus do prior to a Caldwell-Luc procedure (Fi- gures 1, 7-13). Figures 7-10 demonstrate Fovea ethmoidalis the coronal anatomy at the anterior, mid- and posterior maxillary sinus. Figure 11) is Anterior ethmoidal foramen a slice immediately behind the maxillary Lamina papyracea sinus in which the internal maxillary arte- Uncinate process ry and its branches as well as the spheno- palatine ganglion and its branches are Infraorbital nerve encountered within the pterygopalatine fossa. The pterygopalatine fossa communi- cates laterally with the infratemporal fossa via the pterygomaxillary fissure and me- dially with the nasal cavity via the spheno- palatine foramen. Figure 9: Anatomy at uncinate process 3 Posterior ethmoidal foramen Optic nerve Infraorbital foramen Lamina papyracea Inferior turbinate Ground lamella Zygoma Inferior orbital fissure Pterygomaxillary fissure Pterygoid plates Figure 10: Coronal slice through posterior Figure 13: Axial cut at level of infraorbital maxillary sinus; note its relationship to the foramen and pterygoid plates ethmoids Orbital apex Sphenopalatine foramen Pterygopalatine fossa Pterygomaxillary fissure Pterygoid plates Figure 11: Coronal cut immediately be- hind the maxillary sinus Figures 12 & 13 show axial views demon- Figure 14: Hypoplastic maxillary sinus strating the pterygopalatine fossa, pterygo- maxillary fissure and pterygoid plates. The dimensions of the maxillary sinus Imaging may also reveal important anato- change with age, and may affect surgery. mical variations that can affect the surgical Expansion at 2-3 mm/year of the maxillary approach e.g. congenital hypoplasia sinuses continue until adulthood. At birth (Figure 14). they are small and the floors of the sinuses are approximately 4mm above the nasal floor; at 8-9 years of age the floors of the sinuses and nasal cavity are at about the same levels and the sinus dimensions are 2 Infraorbital nerve x 2 x 3cms. In adults the sinus floor is 0.5- Nasolacrimal duct 1 cm below that of the nasal cavity (Figure Zygoma 15). The maxillary alveolus atrophies in edentulous patients so that the floor may Pterygomaxillary fissure be even lower. Pterygopalatine fossa Figure 12: Axial cut at level of infraorbital nerve and orbital floor 4 Figure 15: Floor of sinus lower than nasal floor in adults Figure 17: Branches of internal maxillary No significant vessels are encountered dur- nd ing Caldwell-Luc antrostomy other than artery; blue shaded area is the 2 part of the small infraorbital vessels that exit the artery before it enters the pterygopalatine infraorbital foramen to supply the over- fossa lying soft tissues of the face (Figure 16). Angular vein Angular artery Infraorbital artery Figure 18: Branches of internal maxillary Figure 16: Vasculature around the orbit artery Only if one breaks through the posterior wall of the sinus does one encounter the Caldwell-Luc / Radical antrostomy internal maxillary artery, a branch of the external carotid artery, which, passes The Caldwell-Luc operation involves through the pterygomaxillary fissure to making an opening in the thin bone of the enter the pterygopalatine fossa (Figures canine fossa and entering the maxillary 17, 18). sinus. It was first employed to remove in- fection and to strip diseased mucosa from the maxillary sinus; counter-drainage into the nose was established via an inferior meatal antrostomy. However with an im- proved understanding of sinus pathophy- siology, and introduction of endoscopic, mucosa-sparing functional sinus surgical 5 techniques, the Caldwell-Luc procedure is Imaging now infrequently used to treat sinusitis. This is routinely done to assess the size of Indications the sinus and the height of its floor relative to the nasal floor, to exclude hypoplasia Biopsy or resection of tumours of the and unerupted dentition, and to evaluate nose and paranasal sinuses underlying pathology. Even though centres Transantral access for tumours in the may only have access to sinus X-rays, CT pterygopalatine fossa scan is a far superior investigation. Both Transantral ligation of internal maxil- axial and coronal CT should be requested. lary artery and its branches for epi- Coronal views provide information about staxis the orbit, orbital floor, sinus floor and al- Transantral access for fractures of the veolus, and lateral wall of the nose and si- midface and orbital floor nus ostia. Axial views provide information Orbital decompression about the anterior wall of the sinus, the As part of medial maxillectomy pro- pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal cedure e.g.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MR Imaging of the Orbital Apex
    J Korean Radiol Soc 2000;4 :26 9-0 6 1 6 MR Imaging of the Orbital Apex: An a to m y and Pat h o l o g y 1 Ho Kyu Lee, M.D., Chang Jin Kim, M.D.2, Hyosook Ahn, M.D.3, Ji Hoon Shin, M.D., Choong Gon Choi, M.D., Dae Chul Suh, M.D. The apex of the orbit is basically formed by the optic canal, the superior orbital fis- su r e , and their contents. Space-occupying lesions in this area can result in clinical d- eficits caused by compression of the optic nerve or extraocular muscles. Even vas c u l a r changes in the cavernous sinus can produce a direct mass effect and affect the orbit ap e x. When pathologic changes in this region is suspected, contrast-enhanced MR imaging with fat saturation is very useful. According to the anatomic regions from which the lesions arise, they can be classi- fied as belonging to one of five groups; lesions of the optic nerve-sheath complex, of the conal and intraconal spaces, of the extraconal space and bony orbit, of the cav- ernous sinus or diffuse. The characteristic MR findings of various orbital lesions will be described in this paper. Index words : Orbit, diseases Orbit, MR The apex of the orbit is a complex region which con- tains many nerves, vessels, soft tissues, and bony struc- Anatomy of the orbital apex tures such as the superior orbital fissure and the optic canal (1-3), and is likely to be involved in various dis- The orbital apex region consists of the optic nerve- eases (3).
    [Show full text]
  • 98796-Anatomy of the Orbit
    Anatomy of the orbit Prof. Pia C Sundgren MD, PhD Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. Clinical Sciences / Radiology / ECNR Dubrovnik / Oct 2018 Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. Clinical Sciences / Radiology / ECNR Dubrovnik / Oct 2018 Lay-out • brief overview of the basic anatomy of the orbit and its structures • the orbit is a complicated structure due to its embryological composition • high number of entities, and diseases due to its composition of ectoderm, surface ectoderm and mesoderm Recommend you to read for more details Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. Clinical Sciences / Radiology / ECNR Dubrovnik / Oct 2018 Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. Clinical Sciences / Radiology / ECNR Dubrovnik / Oct 2018 3 x 3 Imaging technique 3 layers: - neuroectoderm (retina, iris, optic nerve) - surface ectoderm (lens) • CT and / or MR - mesoderm (vascular structures, sclera, choroid) •IOM plane 3 spaces: - pre-septal •thin slices extraconal - post-septal • axial and coronal projections intraconal • CT: soft tissue and bone windows 3 motor nerves: - occulomotor (III) • MR: T1 pre and post, T2, STIR, fat suppression, DWI (?) - trochlear (IV) - abducens (VI) Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. Clinical Sciences / Radiology / ECNR Dubrovnik / Oct 2018 Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. Clinical Sciences / Radiology / ECNR Dubrovnik / Oct 2018 Superior orbital fissure • cranial nerves (CN) III, IV, and VI • lacrimal nerve • frontal nerve • nasociliary nerve • orbital branch of middle meningeal artery • recurrent branch of lacrimal artery • superior orbital vein • superior ophthalmic vein Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. Clinical Sciences / Radiology / ECNR Dubrovnik / Oct 2018 Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 Implants and Oral Anatomy
    Chapter 2 Implants and oral anatomy Associate Professor of Maxillofacial Anatomy Section, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tatsuo Terashima In recent years, the development of new materials and improvements in the operative methods used for implants have led to remarkable progress in the field of dental surgery. These methods have been applied widely in clinical practice. The development of computerized medical imaging technologies such as X-ray computed tomography have allowed detailed 3D-analysis of medical conditions, resulting in a dramatic improvement in the success rates of operative intervention. For treatment with a dental implant to be successful, it is however critical to have full knowledge and understanding of the fundamental anatomical structures of the oral and maxillofacial regions. In addition, it is necessary to understand variations in the topographic and anatomical structures among individuals, with age, and with pathological conditions. This chapter will discuss the basic structure of the oral cavity in relation to implant treatment. I. Osteology of the oral area The oral cavity is composed of the maxilla that is in contact with the cranial bone, palatine bone, the mobile mandible, and the hyoid bone. The maxilla and the palatine bones articulate with the cranial bone. The mandible articulates with the temporal bone through the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The hyoid bone is suspended from the cranium and the mandible by the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles. The formation of the basis of the oral cavity by these bones and the associated muscles makes it possible for the oral cavity to perform its various functions.
    [Show full text]
  • CT of Perineural Tumor Extension: Pterygopalatine Fossa
    731 CT of Perineural Tumor Extension: Pterygopalatine Fossa Hugh D. Curtin1.2 Tumors of the oral cavity and paranasal sinuses can spread along nerves to areas Richard Williams 1 apparently removed from the primary tumor. In tumors of the palate, sinuses, and face, Jonas Johnson3 this "perineural" spread usually involves the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve. The pterygopalatine fossa is a pathway of the maxillary nerve and becomes a key landmark in the detection of neural metastasis by computed tomogaphy (CT). Oblitera­ tion of the fat in the fossa suggests pathology. Case material illustrating neural extension is presented and the CT findings are described. Perineural extension is possibly the most insidious form of tumor spread of head and neck malignancy. After invading a nerve, tumor follows the sheath to reach the deeper connections of the nerve, escaping the area of a planned resection. Thus, detection of this form of extension is important in treatment planning and estimation of prognosis. The pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) is a key crossroad in extension along cranial nerve V. The second branch of the trigeminal nerve passes from the gasserian ganglion through the foramen rotundum into the PPF. Here the nerve branches send communications to the palate, sinus, nasal cavity, and face. Tumor can follow any of these routes proximally into the PPF and eventually to the gasserian ganglion in the middle cranial fossa. The PPF contains enough fat to be an ideal subject for computed tomographic (CT) evaluation. Obliteration of this fat is an important indicator of pathology, including perineural tumor spread. Other signs of perineural extension include enlargement of foramina, increased enhancement in the region of Meckel cave (gasserian ganglion), and atrophy of the muscles innervated by the trigeminal nerve.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlas of the Facial Nerve and Related Structures
    Rhoton Yoshioka Atlas of the Facial Nerve Unique Atlas Opens Window and Related Structures Into Facial Nerve Anatomy… Atlas of the Facial Nerve and Related Structures and Related Nerve Facial of the Atlas “His meticulous methods of anatomical dissection and microsurgical techniques helped transform the primitive specialty of neurosurgery into the magnificent surgical discipline that it is today.”— Nobutaka Yoshioka American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Albert L. Rhoton, Jr. Nobutaka Yoshioka, MD, PhD and Albert L. Rhoton, Jr., MD have created an anatomical atlas of astounding precision. An unparalleled teaching tool, this atlas opens a unique window into the anatomical intricacies of complex facial nerves and related structures. An internationally renowned author, educator, brain anatomist, and neurosurgeon, Dr. Rhoton is regarded by colleagues as one of the fathers of modern microscopic neurosurgery. Dr. Yoshioka, an esteemed craniofacial reconstructive surgeon in Japan, mastered this precise dissection technique while undertaking a fellowship at Dr. Rhoton’s microanatomy lab, writing in the preface that within such precision images lies potential for surgical innovation. Special Features • Exquisite color photographs, prepared from carefully dissected latex injected cadavers, reveal anatomy layer by layer with remarkable detail and clarity • An added highlight, 3-D versions of these extraordinary images, are available online in the Thieme MediaCenter • Major sections include intracranial region and skull, upper facial and midfacial region, and lower facial and posterolateral neck region Organized by region, each layered dissection elucidates specific nerves and structures with pinpoint accuracy, providing the clinician with in-depth anatomical insights. Precise clinical explanations accompany each photograph. In tandem, the images and text provide an excellent foundation for understanding the nerves and structures impacted by neurosurgical-related pathologies as well as other conditions and injuries.
    [Show full text]
  • A STUDY on POSITION of INFRAORBITAL FORAMEN Shaik Hussain Saheb 1, Shruthi B.N *2, Pavan P Havaldar 3
    International Journal of Anatomy and Research, Int J Anat Res 2017, Vol 5(3.2):4257-60. ISSN 2321-4287 Original Research Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2017.300 A STUDY ON POSITION OF INFRAORBITAL FORAMEN Shaik Hussain Saheb 1, Shruthi B.N *2, Pavan P Havaldar 3. 1 Department of Anatomy, JJM Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka, India. *2 Department of Anatomy, Rajarajeswari Medical College and hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. 3 Department of Anatomy, Gadag institute of medical sciences, Gadag, Karnataka, India. ABSTRACT Background: The infraorbital foramen is located on the maxillary bone about 1 cm inferior to the infraorbital margin. The infraorbital nerve and vessels are transmitted through this foramen. The infraorbital nerve, the continuation of the maxillary or second division of the trigeminal nerve, is solely a sensory nerve. It traverses the inferior orbital fissure into the inferior orbital canal and emerges onto the face at the infraorbital foramen. It divides into several branches that innervate the skin and the mucous membrane of the midface, such as the lower eyelid, cheek, lateral aspect of the nose, upper lip, and the labial gum. Materials and Methods: Total 300 skulls were used for this study, the following mesearements were recorded, mean distance between the infra orbital foramen and the infra orbital margin on right and left side and average of it. The mean distance between the infra orbital foramen and the piriform aperature on right and left side measured and average of it also recorded. The mean distance between infra orbital foramen and the anterior nasal spine on right and left side measured.
    [Show full text]
  • Splanchnocranium
    splanchnocranium - Consists of part of skull that is derived from branchial arches - The facial bones are the bones of the anterior and lower human skull Bones Ethmoid bone Inferior nasal concha Lacrimal bone Maxilla Nasal bone Palatine bone Vomer Zygomatic bone Mandible Ethmoid bone The ethmoid is a single bone, which makes a significant contribution to the middle third of the face. It is located between the lateral wall of the nose and the medial wall of the orbit and forms parts of the nasal septum, roof and lateral wall of the nose, and a considerable part of the medial wall of the orbital cavity. In addition, the ethmoid makes a small contribution to the floor of the anterior cranial fossa. The ethmoid bone can be divided into four parts, the perpendicular plate, the cribriform plate and two ethmoidal labyrinths. Important landmarks include: • Perpendicular plate • Cribriform plate • Crista galli. • Ala. • Ethmoid labyrinths • Medial (nasal) surface. • Orbital plate. • Superior nasal concha. • Middle nasal concha. • Anterior ethmoidal air cells. • Middle ethmoidal air cells. • Posterior ethmoidal air cells. Attachments The falx cerebri (slide) attaches to the posterior border of the crista galli. lamina cribrosa 1 crista galli 2 lamina perpendicularis 3 labyrinthi ethmoidales 4 cellulae ethmoidales anteriores et posteriores 5 lamina orbitalis 6 concha nasalis media 7 processus uncinatus 8 Inferior nasal concha Each inferior nasal concha consists of a curved plate of bone attached to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. Each consists of inferior and superior borders, medial and lateral surfaces, and anterior and posterior ends. The superior border serves to attach the bone to the lateral wall of the nose, articulating with four different bones.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture 7 Anatomy the PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA
    د.احمد فاضل القيسي Lecture 7 Anatomy THE PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA The pterygopalatine fossa lies beneath the posterior surface of the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. The pterygopalatine fossa contains the maxillary nerve, the maxillary artery (third part) and the pterygopalatine parasympathetic ganglion. Boundaries Anteriorly: posterior surface of maxilla. Posteriorly: anterior margin of pterygoid process below and greater wing of sphenoid above. Medially: perpendicular plate of palatine bone. Superiorly: greater wing of sphenoid. Laterally: communicates with infratemporal fossa through pterygomaxillary fissure Communications and openings: 1. The pterygomaxillary fissure: transmits the maxillary artery from the infratemporal fossa, the posterior superior alveolar branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve and the sphenopalatine veins. 2. The inferior orbital fissure: transmits the infraorbital and zygomatic branches of the maxillary nerve, the orbital branches of the pterygopalatine ganglion and the infraorbital vessels. 3. The foramen rotundum from the middle cranial fossa, occupying the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and transmit the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve 4. The pterygoid canal from the region of the foramen lacerum at the base of the skull. The pterygoid canal transmits the greater petrosal and deep petrosal nerves (which combine to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal) and an accompanying artery derived from the maxillary artery. 5. The sphenopalatine foramen lying high up on the medial wall of the fossa.This foramen communicates with the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. It transmits the nasopalatine and posterior superior nasal nerves (from the pterygopalatine ganglion) and the sphenopalatine vessels. 6. The opening of a palatine canal found at the base of the fossa.
    [Show full text]
  • The LATIN LANGUAGE and Bases of Medical Terminology
    The LATIN LANGUAGE and Bases of Medical Terminology The LATIN LANGUAGE and Bases of Medical Terminology ОДЕСЬКИЙ ДЕРЖАВНИЙ МЕДИЧНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ THE ODESSA STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Áiáëiîòåêà ñòóäåíòà-ìåäèêà Medical Student’s Library Започатковано 1999 р. на честь 100-річчя Одеського державного медичного університету (1900–2000 рр.) Initiated in 1999 to mark the Centenary of the Odessa State Medical University (1900–2000) 2 THE LATIN LANGUAGE AND BASES OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Practical course Recommended by the Central Methodical Committee for Higher Medical Education of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine as a manual for students of higher medical educational establishments of the IV level of accreditation using English Odessa The Odessa State Medical University 2008 3 BBC 81.461я73 UDC 811.124(075.8)61:001.4 Authors: G. G. Yeryomkina, T. F. Skuratova, N. S. Ivashchuk, Yu. O. Kravtsova Reviewers: V. K. Zernova, doctor of philological sciences, professor of the Foreign Languages Department of the Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy L. M. Kim, candidate of philological sciences, assistant professor, the head of the Department of Foreign Languages, Latin Language and Bases of Medical Terminology of the Vinnitsa State Medical University named after M. I. Pyrogov The manual is composed according to the curriculum of the Latin lan- guage and bases of medical terminology for medical higher schools. Designed to study the bases of general medical and clinical terminology, it contains train- ing exercises for the class-work, control questions and exercises for indivi- dual student’s work and the Latin-English and English-Latin vocabularies (over 2,600 terms). For the use of English speaking students of the first year of study at higher medical schools of IV accreditation level.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlas of Topographical and Pathotopographical Anatomy of The
    Contents Cover Title page Copyright page About the Author Introduction Part 1: The Head Topographic Anatomy of the Head Cerebral Cranium Basis Cranii Interna The Brain Surgical Anatomy of Congenital Disorders Pathotopography of the Cerebral Part of the Head Facial Head Region The Lymphatic System of the Head Congenital Face Disorders Pathotopography of Facial Part of the Head Part 2: The Neck Topographic Anatomy of the Neck Fasciae, Superficial and Deep Cellular Spaces and their Relationship with Spaces Adjacent Regions (Fig. 37) Reflex Zones Triangles of the Neck Organs of the Neck (Fig. 50–51) Pathography of the Neck Topography of the neck Appendix A Appendix B End User License Agreement Guide 1. Cover 2. Copyright 3. Contents 4. Begin Reading List of Illustrations Chapter 1 Figure 1 Vessels and nerves of the head. Figure 2 Layers of the frontal-parietal-occipital area. Figure 3 Regio temporalis. Figure 4 Mastoid process with Shipo’s triangle. Figure 5 Inner cranium base. Figure 6 Medial section of head and neck Figure 7 Branches of trigeminal nerve Figure 8 Scheme of head skin innervation. Figure 9 Superficial head formations. Figure 10 Branches of the facial nerve Figure 11 Cerebral vessels. MRI. Figure 12 Cerebral vessels. Figure 13 Dural venous sinuses Figure 14 Dural venous sinuses. MRI. Figure 15 Dural venous sinuses Figure 16 Venous sinuses of the dura mater Figure 17 Bleeding in the brain due to rupture of the aneurism Figure 18 Types of intracranial hemorrhage Figure 19 Different types of brain hematomas Figure 20 Orbital muscles, vessels and nerves. Topdown view, Figure 21 Orbital muscles, vessels and nerves.
    [Show full text]
  • European Position Paper on the Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses
    ISSN: 03000729 INTERN AT IO N A L R H I N CONTENT O L O G I C Official Journal of the European and International Societies Position paper Lund VJ, Stammberger H, Fokkens WJ, Beale T, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Eloy P, Georgalas C, Ger- S O C I E Y stenberger C, Hellings PW, Herman P, Hosemann WG, Jankowski R, Jones N, Jorissen M, Leunig T A, Onerci M, Rimmer J, Rombaux P, Simmen D, Tomazic PV, Tschabitscher M, Welge-Luessen A. European Position Paper on the Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Parana- VOLUME 50 | SUPPLEMENT 24 | MARCH 2014 sal Sinuses. Rhinology. 2014 Suppl. 24: 1-34. European Position Paper on the Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses Lund VJ, Stammberger H, Fokkens WJ et al. 2014 Anatomical terminology cover JS.indd 1 27-02-14 23:03 European Position Paper on the Anatomical Terminology of the INTERN AT Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses IO N A L R H I N O L O G I C Official Journal of the European and International Rhinologic Societies S O C I E Y T Editor-in-Chief Address Prof V.J. Lund Journal Rhinology, c/o AMC, Mrs. J. Kosman / A2-234, PO Box 22 660, Prof W.J. Fokkens 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Tel: +31-20-566 4534 Associate Editor Fax: +31-20-566 9662 Prof P.W. Hellings E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.rhinologyjournal.com Managing Editor Dr. W.T.V. Germeraad Assistant Editor Dr. Ch. Georgalas Editorial Assistant (contact for manuscripts) Mrs J.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharynx, Larynx, Nasal Cavity and Pterygopalatine Fossa
    Pharynx, Larynx, Nasal cavity And Pterygopalatine Fossa Mikel H. Snow, Ph.D. Dental Anatomy [email protected] July 29, 2018 Pharynx Food & Air Passage Pharynx The pharynx is a skeletal muscle tube that opens anteriorly with 3 regions. The upper part communicates with nasal cavity, the middle communicates with oral cavity, and the lower communicates with the larynx. Nasal cavity Nasal Oral cavity cavity Larynx Air Nasopharynx: between Oral sphenoid sinus & uvula Food/ cavity Oropharynx: between uvula & epiglottis drink Laryngopharynx: between epiglottis & esophagus Esophagus Trachea The posterior and lateral walls are 3 skeletal muscles (constrictors) that propel food/liquid inferiorly to the esophagus. Constrictors innervated by CNX. Additional muscles elevate the pharynx (stylopharyngeus is external). Stylopharyngeus innervated by CNIX. Stylopharyngeus Superior constrictor Middle constrictor Inferior constrictor Two additional internal muscles we’ll get to later… Key relationship: Glossopharyngeal nerve wraps around stylopharyngeus muscle. CN IX wraps around stylopharyngeus muscle and Stylopharyngeus innervates it. Pharyngeal constrictors Pharynx Interior 1 Nasopharynx: 1. Pharyngeal tonsils 2. Auditory tube ostia 2 3 3. Salpingopharyngeal fold 4 4 Oropharynx: 4. Palatine tonsils 5 5 Laryngopharynx: Slit open 5. Piriform recess constrictors to examine interior Lateral Wall of Pharynx 5. Salpingopharyngeus muscle 6. Levator veli palatini muscle 1. Pharyngeal tonsils 7. Tensor veli palatini muscle 2. Torus tubarius 8. Palatine tonsil 3.
    [Show full text]