• Abstract and Figures
• Public Full-text

Ancient Rome Packet Ancient Rome Name: . Label everything on the Map (use 139,145,149) Outline all bodies of water in blue and trace rivers in blue. RIVERS LAND AREAS (shade areas diff. colors) Tiber River Spain Po River Britain Danube River Italy Rhine River Thrace Nile River Egypt Macedonia BODIES OF WATER Palestine or Judea Mediterranean Sea Gaul Adriatic Sea Arabia Black Sea Dacia Red Sea Asia Minor or Antolia Atlantic Ocean CITIES/ISLANDS Rome Athens Shade the areas where the following Carthage groups were initially located. Read Jerusalem Byzantium pg. 141 to determine where these Alexandria groups settled in Italy. Corsica Sardinia Sicily Latins = Red MOUNTAINS Etruscans = Yellow Alps Mountains Greeks = Green Pyrenees Mountains Caucasus 6 5 The Rise of Rome From City-State to Emerging Empire. 70-150 B.C.E. The Origins of Rome • According to Roman legend, Rome was founded in ____ B.C.E. by the twins, _____________________________, sons of the war god, ____________, and a Latin princess • They were supposedly raised by a she-wolf and established Rome on the banks of the _________________ River • According to the Roman poet, _______________, Trojan refugees, led by Aeneas, founded Rome after escaping the destruction of Troy at the hands of the Mycenaean Greeks, as told in __________________________ Rome’s Geography • The __________________________ established Rome around seven hills along the banks of the Tiber River • Rome’s central location on the Italian peninsula near the western coast enabled it to become a thriving ______________________________, but it was also far enough inland to be protected from sea raiders • Rome’s central location in the ___________________________________ later enabled the Romans to dominate the entire region militarily • “All ____________________ lead to Rome” Etruscan and Greek Influences • Etruscans to the ____________________ and Greeks to the _____________________ heavily influenced ______________________ culture • The ________________________________ shared their alphabet, architecture, and religious rituals but also ruled over the Latins through a series of kings from about 600 to 509 B.C.E. • Greek colonists taught the Latins to cultivate _____________________________________________ and introduced their religion and legends (the Greek Zeus became the equivalent of the Latin __________________) The Birth of the Roman Republic • Roman ______________________________ (known as patricians) overthrew the last Etruscan king of Rome, ____________________ the Proud, in 509 B.C.E. and established a republic • Republic = res publica (public affairs) • Power rested with the ____________________ of Rome (free-born ___________________ alone) • The Romans banned monarchy and threaten to kill anyone who sought to become a _______________________ The Republic People • ______________________________ – wealthy landowning aristocrats (held the most power) • _____________________________ – common farmers, artisans, merchants (majority of population, could vote) • ___________________________________ – Two chief executives elected by Centuriate Assembly (1 year term) • _____________________________ – Plebian elected representatives who worked on behalf of the Plebian class • ____________________________ – judges chosen for 1 year (2 oversee civil and criminal courts others govern) Institutions/Laws • _______________________– 300. Chosen by aristocracy. Control foreign and financial policies. Consult Consuls • _________________________________– citizen-soldiers. Life term. One vote. Elect consuls and make laws. • ________________________________– Grouped by where you live. Life term. Elect Tribunes and approve laws. • _________________________________– Military Unit of Roman Army. All landowning citizens are required to serve in Roman Army (10 years if you wanted certain public offices) • _________________________________– 451 BCE. First written code of laws for Rome. Protected all citizens under the law. Seen as an important victory for Plebian class. The Republic’s Balance of Power ________________________ ____________________________ (aristocratic landowners) controlled (commoners) demanded a greater role the Roman Senate of 300 members, in government and forced the creation which determined foreign and of a law code - the Twelve Tables (451 financial policy and advised the B.C.E.) and the Tribal Assembly, which consuls elected tribunes and eventually made laws _____________________ served as chief judges and presided over civil and criminal courts, they were _________________________ selected by the Centuriate Assembly _ defended the interests of the plebeians against unfair acts Two and were eventually able to gain wider powers __________ served as chief __________________________ executives ___ consisted of citizen-soldiers Roman __________________ and army and selected consuls (mostly consisted of about 5000 commanders patricians at first but later soldiers each, grouped into in place of a consisted of more plebeians) centuries single king Comparing Republics Rome Powers United States of America • Executive • • • • Legislative • • • Judicial • • Legal Code • Some of the problems facing the Roman Republic 1. Rome needed tax money to run the Republic. 2. Elected officials were using their positions to get rich 3. Rome did not have a police force. 1. Rome needed tax money. The government needed to pay the legions, and build roads, sewers, aqueducts, and arenas. They needed to pay for the welfare program put in place to help feed the growing number of poor in Rome. They needed a lot of money, and they needed more and more as Rome grew. To get this money, Rome used tax farmers. To become a tax farmer, all you had to do was pay a flat fee to the Senate of the Roman Republic. That put you, the tax farmer, into business. Your business was the job of collecting taxes. This all sounds very nice, but there weren't any rules. Rome wanted as much money as possible. So they didn't set limits on what a tax farmer could collect. That was up to the individual tax farmer. Everyone understood that tax farmers expected to make a profit. It cost a lot of money to become a tax farmer. The fee was high. It was also understood that all citizens had to pay taxes. But, since there were no rules on how much a tax farmer could charge, or even that the charges had to be fair, or based on income or earnings – there were no rules - you can imagine, under this system, how many abuses there were. It was horrible. A tax collector had the legal right to charge one person almost nothing, and charge another person a great deal of tax, knowing that person could not pay. If you did not pay the taxes you owed, according to the amount set by the tax collector in your region, you could be sold into slavery. 2. Under the Republic, elected officials used their positions to get rich. Under the Republic, there was no law against buying votes. The poor were quite happy to sell their votes to the highest bidder. So, if you had enough money, you could get elected to government. A great many people bought their way into office. Once there, the laws they created were not always very good laws. But, many were not there to create good government. They were there to get rich. People paid a lot of money to change the laws or to add new ones. Plus, elected officials whose fees to accept for various positions. For example, elected officials decided whose fee would be accepted to become a tax farmer in a certain region. An elected official in a region might decide that the best person to get the job was a family member. They had the power to do this. Under this system, it did not take long before Rome had very bad government. 3. Under the Republic, Rome did not have a police force. Rome's streets were not safe during the day. They were deadly after dark. Wealthy Romans hired guards to protect themselves and their families. Very wealthy Romans built private armies. These guards and armies often fought in the streets, sometimes over nothing. Added to this was crime committed by the desperate poor, trying to feed their families. The government recognized this problem, but they could not put a police force in place because they did not have enough money to pay them. Between violence in the streets, unreasonable taxes, and a government unable or unwilling to do anything about Rome's problems, Rome was a mess. THE ROMAN REPUBLIC In 600 B.C.E. Rome was just one of many small city-states in Italy under the control of the Etruscan monarchy. But, by 133 B.C.E. the city-state had gained control of all Italy and had conquered foreign lands as well. Roman armies won victories in Spain, Gaul (today's France), Greece, Macedonia, Asia Minor, and North Africa. There were several reasons for the success of the Romans. First, Rome was located in the center of the Mediterranean world. This made it easy for its army and navy to mobilize quickly in any direction. Secondly, soldiers were courageous and well-trained, and battles were carefully planned ahead of time by able generals. Thirdly, the Romans had strong diplomatic skills that allowed them to make friends of their defeated enemies. Eventually, most conquered people accepted Roman rule and the peace and prosperity that it brought. After the overthrow of the Etruscans in 509 B.C.E., the Roman aristocrats, called patricians, established a republic (thing of the people). Most of Rome's citizens, however, were plebeians. Both groups had rights and responsibilities such as voting, paying taxes, and serving in the military, but the plebeians were not allowed to hold public office. The government was organized into two branches - an executive branch and a bicameral legislature, comprised of the Assembly of Centuriesand the Senate. Members of the Assembly elected the consuls of the executive branch, voted on proposed laws, and declared war and approved treaties. The Senators served for life, advised the consuls, debated foreign policies, proposed laws, and approved contracts for constructing roads, temples, and defenses. The consuls served for one­ year terms, had the power to veto ("I forbid) one another, and oversaw the activities of judges and censors (tax/population records keepers).

Load more

  35

Copy Link