DOCSLIB.ORG

Maryland Historical Magazine, 1994, Volume 89, Issue No. 4

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Maryland Historical Magazine, 1994, Volume 89, Issue No. 4 (901^ Maryland Historical Magazine < 0 X o Z p 4iN 5' h-' 4^ Published Quarterly by the Museum and Library of Maryland History Maryland Historical Society Winter 1994 THE MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY OFFICERS AND BOARD OF TRUSTEES, 1994-95 President Jack S. Griswold Vice-Presidents Treasurer Dorothy Mcllvain Scott William R. Amos John D. Schapiro Secretary Counsel Stanard T. Klinefelter William J. McCarthy Term Expires 1995 Term Expires 1997 James C. Alban III Gregory H. Barnhill Clarence W. Blount Gerry L. Brewster Forrest F. Bramble, Jr. Charles W. Conley Stiles T. Colwill Mrs. Leonard C. Crewe, Jr. William B. Dulany Jack S. Griswold Louis L. Goldstein Lenwood M. Ivey Mrs. Lila B. Lohr, Jr. Barbara P. Katz Milton H. Miller, Sr. Stanard T. Klinefelter John W. Mitchell William T. Reynolds William T. Murray III G. Dowell Schwartz, Jr. John D. Schapiro M. David Testa George R. Tydings H. Mebane Turner Term Expires 1996 Ex-Officio Trustees William R. Amos Dennis A. Fiori Gary Black, Jr. Roger B. Hayden, Baltimore County Suzanne F. Cohen Robert R. Neall, Anne Arundel County L. Patrick Deering Kurt L. Schmoke, Baltimore City Mrs. William A. Fisher III Chairmen Emeriti Louis G. Hecht Samuel Hopkins David L. Hopkins, Jr. J. Fife Symington, Jr. William J. McCarthy Presidents Emeriti J. Jefferson Miller II Leonard C. Crewe, Jr. (Deceased) Howard P. Rawlings E. Mason Hendrickson Jacques T. Schlenger John L. McShane Dorothy Mcllvain Scott Brian Topping David Mclntosh Williams Frank H. Weller, Jr. STAFF Dennis A. Fiori, Director Penny Z. Catzen, Head Librarian Richard L. Gorelick, Public Relations Helaine B. Frankel, Membership & Mary Ellen Hayward, Grants Coordinator Development JohnJ. McHale, Building Services/Security Barbara G. Gamse, Museum Shop Manager Deborah A. Morris, Public Programs Jennifer F. Goldsborough, Chief Curator Ernest L. Scott, Jr., Editor and Publisher Catherine Firth Gordon, Business Manager Judith R. Van Dyke, Education Director Elizabeth B. Gordon, Registrar Maryland Historical Magazine VOLUME 89 WINTER 1994 The Civil War in Maryland "More Trouble than a Brigade": Harry Gilmor's 2d Maryland Cavalry in the Shenandoah Valley 389 by Kevin Conley Ruffner Maintaining the Center: John Pendleton Kennedy, the Border States, and the Secession Crisis 413 by Stefan Nesenhoner Research Notes & Maryland Miscellany 427 Military Waif: A Sidelight on the Baltimore Riot of 19 April 1861, edited by Frank Towers A Maryland Refugee in Virginia, 1863, by Kevin Conley Ruffner "Tim's Black Book": The Civil War Diary of Edward Tilghman Paca, Jr., CSA, edited by Edmund C. Paca Military Prisoners in the Baltimore City Jail, 1864, by Frederick Gaede A "Minute" Regarding Major Harry Gilmor, by Charles P. Forbes Book Reviews 470 Flexner, An American Saga: The Story of Helen Thomas & Simon Flexner, by Susan L. Abrams Dudley, The Naval War of 1812: A Documentary History. Volume II, 1813, by Bert Hubinger Cottom and Hayward, Maryland in the Civil War: A House Divided, by Vincent Fitzpatrick Plummer, Maryland's Oyster Navy, The First Fifty Years, by John R. Wennersten Clarke, Wishing on the Moon: The Life and Times ofBillie Holiday, by Earl Arnett Hobson, Fitzpatrick, and Jacobs, eds., Thirty-Five Years of Newspaper Work, A Memoir by H. L. Mencken, by Arthur J. Gutman Preston, Opera on the Road: Traveling Opera Troupes in the United States, 1825-60, by Jack Shreve Snay, Gospel of Disunion: Religion and Separatism in the Antebellum South, by Raymond Cowan Gallman, The North Fights the Civil War: The Home Front, and Massey, Women in the Civil War, by Virginia Walcott Beauchamp Greiner, Coryell, and Smither, eds., A Surgeon's Civil War: The Letters & Diary of Daniel M. Holt, M.D., by Thomas B. Turner, M.D. Hart, Defending the Faith:]. Gresham Machen and the Crisis of Conservative Protestantism in Modem America, by James B. Crooks Simpson, The Fable of the Southern Writer, by Jack Shreve Books Received 493 Notices 495 Maryland Picture Puzzle 496 Index to Volume 89 497 Acting as an editorial board, the Publications Committee of the Maryland Historical Society oversees and supports the magazine staff. Members of the committee include: JOSEPH L. ARNOLD, University of Maryland, Baltimore County JEAN H. BAKER, Goucher College JAMES H. BREADY, Baltimore Lois GREEN CARR, St. Mary's City Commission STILES TUTTLE COLWILL, JR., Baltimore RICHARD R. DUNCAN, Georgetown University JACK G. GOELLNER, Johns Hopkins University Press GILBERT GUDE, Bethesda DAVID HEIN, Hood College JOHN HICHAM, Johns Hopkins University RONALD HOFFMAN, University of Maryland SAMUEL HOPKINS, Baltimore CHARLES MCC. MATHIAS, Chevy Chase ROLAND C. MCCONNELL, Morgan State University NORVELL E. MILLER III, Baltimore JOHN W. MITCHELL, Upper Marlboro ROBERT T. OESTE, Johns Hopkins University Press EDWARD C. PAPENFUSE, Maryland State Archives ROSALYN M. TERBORC-PENN, Morgan State University Cover: In the 1880s, postwar bitterness still prevailed, and when individual Maryland units erected their monuments on the Gettysburg battlefield, G.A.R. veterans controlling the Gettysburg Battlefield Monument Association opposed the place- ment and inscription of a monument to Confederate veterans of the 2d (1st) Maryland Infantry, CSA. The new state memorial at Gettysburg honors both Union and Confederate Marylanders and offers in the design a sense of unity and the hope of reconciliation. This magnificent 1994 tribute is the work of James A. Holechek and sculptor Lawrence M. Ludtke. ROBERT J. BRUGGER, Editor JESSICA PICZA, Managing Editor Assistant Editors ROBIN DONALDSON COBLENTZ, CHRISTOPHER T. GEORGE and JANE CUSHING LANCE Regional Editors JOHN B. WISEMAN JANE C SWEEN PEGRAM JOHNSON III JOHN R. WENNERSTEN Frostburg Montgomery County Accoceek, Maryland University of Maryland State University Historical Society Eastern Shore Editor's Comer: One searches long and hard for a subject to rival the Civil War in Maryland for intrinsic and enduring interest. It may be fitting, therefore, to end the magazine's series of theme issues celebrating the Maryland Historical Society's sesquicentennial with a fresh look at the war and some of the curiosities it visited on the state and its people. This issue also marks the last number direcdy the work of the incumbent editor, who gratefully steps aside (while staying in the wings as an advisor) and welcomes as his successor Ernest L. Scott, whom the society's director, with the advice and consent of the publications committee, has named to take over both the magazine and the society's publications program. A veteran of more than forty years in editing and publishing, he has specialized in American history and biography. He has research under way on antislavery in antebellum Maryland and has recendy published in the New Hampshire historical magazine. We are fortunate to have his services and wish him well in his new chair. Words fail to express our appreciation for the help so many friends have rendered in producing the magazine the past eight years. Special thanks nonethe- less to to Karen Stuart, Susan Weinandy, Melinda Friend, Jennifer Bryan, Christie Bateman, and Jessica Pigza, wonderful managing editors; Jeff Goldman for steady assistance with photographic orders; Elizabeth Cadwalwader, Chris George, and the dynamic duo Jane Lange and Robin Coblenz for faithful help with copyediting and proofreading; Mary Ellen Hayward for her attention to coundess art and textual issues; and to Ric Cottom for saving us from howlers large and small. Thanks finally to readers, who have always let us hear when something slipped through! ISSN-0025-4258 Copyright 1994 by the Maryland Historical Society. Published in March, June, September, and December. Articles appearing in this Journal are abstracted and indexed in HISTORICAL ABSTRACTS and/or AMERICA: HISTORY AND LIFE. Second Class postage paid at Baltimore, Maryland, and at additional mailing offices: POSTMASTER please send address changes to the Maryland Historical Society, 201 West Monument Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, which disclaims responsibility for statements, whether of fact or opinion, made by contributors. Composed by Publishing Concepts, Baltimore, Maryland and printed by The Sheridan Press, Hanover, Pennsylvania 17331. 388 MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE Col. Harry Gilmor, Confederate cavalier and guerrilla leader, organized Maryland troops in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. (W. W. Goldsborough, The Maryland Line in the Con- federate Army.) "More Trouble than a Brigade": Harry Gilmor's 2d Maryland Cavalry in the Shenandoah Valley KEVIN CONLEY RUFFNER The Shenandoah Valley in Virginia witnessed some of the Civil War's bloodiest fighting. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson earned military immortality—or at least Confederate immortality—by devastating Union forces there in 1862. Two years later, cadets of the Virginia Military Institute drove off federal invaders at the Batde of New Market. The valley experienced seesaw action again during the summer and fall of 1864 whenjubal Early cleared the region of Union troops and even threatened Washington, D.C. In the last months of 1864, Philip Sheridan soundly defeated Early, marking the end of Confederate supremacy in the Shenan- doah. Beyond the famous battles of 1862 and 1864, the Shenandoah Valley saw almost continuous military action throughout the war. Control of the valley shifted with the movement of the major armies; indeed, Winchester in the lower, or northern portion of the Shenandoah Valley reportedly changed hands seventy-two times between 1861 and 1865. The
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 31, 1-January Heritage Newsletter 2019
    Heritage Newsletter California African-American Genealogical Society January 2019 Volume 31, Number 1 Ten Issues Published Annually CHARLOTTA SPEARS BASS ISSN 1083-8937 She was a feminist, an activist, an educator, the first California African American Genealogical Society African-American woman to own and operate a P.O. Box 8442 newspaper in the United States (1912-1951), the first Los Angeles, CA 90008-0442 African-American woman to be a jury member in the Los Angeles County Court and the first African- General Membership Meetings American woman to be nominated for U.S. Vice Third Saturday monthly,10:00A.M. (dark July & August) President (Progressive Party). Born Charlotta Amanda Spears in Sumter, South Carolina in 1874, Mayme Clayton Library and Museum (MCLM) she moved to Rhode Island where she worked for the 4130 Overland Ave., Culver City, CA 90230-3734 Providence Watchman newspaper for ten years, and (Old Culver City Courthouse across from VA building) in 1910 moved to Los Angeles where she sold subscriptions for the Eagle, a black newspaper 2019 Board of Directors founded by John Neimore in 1879. The Eagle, a Elected Officers twenty-page weekly publication with a staff of 12 and Cartelia Marie Bryant– President circulation of 60,000, was the largest African- Ron Batiste– First Vice President American newspaper on the West Coast by 1925. Norma Bates – Second Vice President/Membership Ronald Fairley – Corresponding Secretary When Neimore became ill, he entrusted the operation Christina Ashe– Recording Secretary of the Eagle to Spears, and upon his death, she Shirley Hurt – Treasurer subsequently bought the newspaper for fifty dollars in Charles Hurt – Parliamentarian an auction and became the owner.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report Fiscal Year 2020
    Maryland State Archives Annual Report Fiscal Year 2020 Annual Report of the State Archivist to the Governor and General Assembly (State Government Article, § 9-1007(d)) Timothy D. Baker State Archivist and Commissioner of Land Patents August 2020 Maryland State Archives 350 Rowe Boulevard · Annapolis, MD 21401 410-260-6400 · http://msa.maryland.gov ​ ​ MSA Annual Report Fiscal Year 2020 This Page Left Blank MSA Annual Report Fiscal Year 2020 This Page Left Blank MSA Annual Report Fiscal Year 2020 Table of Contents Agency Organization & Overview of Activities . 3 Hall of Records Commission Meeting of November 14, 2019 Agenda . 27 Minutes . .47 Chronology of Staff Events. .55 Records Retention Schedules . .65 Disposal Certificate Approvals . .. .70 Records Received . .78 Special Collections Received . 92 Hall of Records Commission Meeting of May 08, 2020 Agenda . .93 Minutes . .115 Chronology of Staff Activities . .121 Records Retention Schedules . .129 Disposal Certificate Approvals . 132 Records Received . 141 Special Collections Received . .. 158 Maryland Commission on Artistic Property Meeting of Agenda . 159 Minutes . 163 MSA Annual Report Fiscal Year 2020 This Page Left Blank 2 MSA Annual Report Fiscal Year 2020 STATE ARCHIVES ANNUAL REPORT FY 2020 OVERVIEW · Hall of Records Commission Agenda, Fall 2019 ​ · Hall of Records Commission Agenda, Spring 2020 ​ · Commission on Artistic Property Agenda, Fall 2019 ​ The State Archives was created in 1935 as the Hall of Records and reorganized under its present name in 1984 (Chapter 286, Acts of 1984). Upon that reorganization the Commission on Artistic Property was made part of the State Archives. As Maryland's historical agency, the State Archives is the central depository for government records of permanent value.
    [Show full text]
  • Cutting Patterns in DW Griffith's Biographs
    Cutting patterns in D.W. Griffith’s Biographs: An experimental statistical study Mike Baxter, 16 Lady Bay Road, West Bridgford, Nottingham, NG2 5BJ, U.K. (e-mail: [email protected]) 1 Introduction A number of recent studies have examined statistical methods for investigating cutting patterns within films, for the purposes of comparing patterns across films and/or for summarising ‘average’ patterns in a body of films. The present paper investigates how different ideas that have been proposed might be combined to identify subsets of similarly constructed films (i.e. exhibiting comparable cutting structures) within a larger body. The ideas explored are illustrated using a sample of 62 D.W Griffith Biograph one-reelers from the years 1909–1913. Yuri Tsivian has suggested that ‘all films are different as far as their SL struc- tures; yet some are less different than others’. Barry Salt, with specific reference to the question of whether or not Griffith’s Biographs ‘have the same large scale variations in their shot lengths along the length of the film’ says the ‘answer to this is quite clearly, no’. This judgment is based on smooths of the data using seventh degree trendlines and the observation that these ‘are nearly all quite different one from another, and too varied to allow any grouping that could be matched against, say, genre’1. While the basis for Salt’s view is clear Tsivian’s apparently oppos- ing position that some films are ‘less different than others’ seems to me to be a reasonably incontestable sentiment. It depends on how much you are prepared to simplify structure by smoothing in order to effect comparisons.
    [Show full text]
  • Cato, Roman Stoicism, and the American 'Revolution'
    Cato, Roman Stoicism, and the American ‘Revolution’ Katherine Harper A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Arts Faculty, University of Sydney. March 27, 2014 For My Parents, To Whom I Owe Everything Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... i Abstract.......................................................................................................................... iv Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter One - ‘Classical Conditioning’: The Classical Tradition in Colonial America ..................... 23 The Usefulness of Knowledge ................................................................................... 24 Grammar Schools and Colleges ................................................................................ 26 General Populace ...................................................................................................... 38 Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 45 Chapter Two - Cato in the Colonies: Joseph Addison’s Cato: A Tragedy .......................................... 47 Joseph Addison’s Cato: A Tragedy .......................................................................... 49 The Universal Appeal of Virtue ...........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Civil War in the Delta: Environment, Race, and the 1863 Helena Campaign George David Schieffler University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 8-2017 Civil War in the Delta: Environment, Race, and the 1863 Helena Campaign George David Schieffler University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Schieffler, George David, "Civil War in the Delta: Environment, Race, and the 1863 Helena Campaign" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 2426. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2426 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Civil War in the Delta: Environment, Race, and the 1863 Helena Campaign A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History by George David Schieffler The University of the South Bachelor of Arts in History, 2003 University of Arkansas Master of Arts in History, 2005 August 2017 University of Arkansas This dissertation is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. ____________________________________ Dr. Daniel E. Sutherland Dissertation Director ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Dr. Elliott West Dr. Patrick G. Williams Committee Member Committee Member Abstract “Civil War in the Delta” describes how the American Civil War came to Helena, Arkansas, and its Phillips County environs, and how its people—black and white, male and female, rich and poor, free and enslaved, soldier and civilian—lived that conflict from the spring of 1861 to the summer of 1863, when Union soldiers repelled a Confederate assault on the town.
    [Show full text]
  • THE GILMOR BLADE Those Who Allow the Surrender of Their History, Also Surrender Their Future! Official Newsletter of the COL
    THE GILMOR BLADE Those who allow the surrender of their history, also surrender their future! Official Newsletter of THE COL. H.W.GILMOR CAMP, No. 1388, SONS OF CONFEDERATE VETERANS March , 201 6 March meeting to feature Dave Booz as speaker The Col. Harry W. Gilmor Camp Booz, a long-time friend of the #1388 will hold its next meeting Camp is currently an instructor in “The Charge” March 9th, at 7:30 PM at the Balti- the Civil War Era Studies at Get- more County Historical Society, tysburg College. He will be pre- "To you, Sons of 9811 Van Buren Lane, Cockeys- senting on “Marylanders in the Confederate Veterans, we ville, MD 21030. The swearing in Confederacy” and he will present a of most of the Camp officers for slate of famous and maybe not so submit the vindication of the 2016 was held, with Commander famous, Marylander’s who served in Cause for which we fought; Williams swearing in 1 st Lieutenant the Confederate military. He will to your strength will be Commander Leasure, followed by tell you about their stories and of given the defense of the st 1 Lieutenant Commander Leasure their service in defense of the South. Confederate soldier's good swearing in 2 nd Lieutenant Com- mander Williams, Historian Jeremy Speaking of Election of Maryland name, the guardianship of Cook, Chaplain John Ross, Adjutant Division Officers, the Maryland his history, the emulation of Elliott Cummings and Judge Ad- Division Convention will be held his virtues, the perpetuation vocate Carroll Holzer. Hopefully April 23 rd , 2016 at the American of those principles he loved the rest of the officers for 2016 will Legion Post in Ridge, MD, near and which made him be sworn in at this meeting.
    [Show full text]
  • Donald Heald Rare Books a Selection of Rare Books
    Donald Heald Rare Books A Selection of Rare Books Donald Heald Rare Books A Selection of Rare Books Donald Heald Rare Books 124 East 74 Street New York, New York 10021 T: 212 · 744 · 3505 F: 212 · 628 · 7847 [email protected] www.donaldheald.com Fall 2015 Americana: Items 1 - 28 Travel and Cartography: Items 29 - 51 Natural History: Items 52 - 76 Color Plate & Illustrated: Items 77 - 91 Miscellany: Items 92 - 100 All purchases are subject to availability. All items are guaranteed as described. Any purchase may be returned for a full refund within ten working days as long as it is returned in the same condition and is packed and shipped correctly. The appropriate sales tax will be added for New York State residents. Payment via U.S. check drawn on a U.S. bank made payable to Donald A. Heald, wire transfer, bank draft, Paypal or by Visa, Mastercard, American Express or Discover cards. AMERICANA 1 [AFRICAN AMERICANA] - Worthington G. SNETHEN. The Black Code of the District of Columbia in Force September 1st, 1848. New York: The A[merican] and F[oreign] Anti-Slavery Society, 1848. 8vo (8 5/8 x 5 1/4 inches). 61, [1, blank], [1], [1, blank] pp. Ad leaf in rear. Expertly bound to style in half black morocco over period marbled paper covered boards. Rare printing of the antebellum laws relating to African Americans in Washington, D.C. The author, a Washington D.C. attorney and the former solicitor of the General Land Office, notes on an advertisement leaf in the rear that he has “nearly completed the Black Code of each of the States of the Union.
    [Show full text]
  • Maryland Historical Magazine, 1946, Volume 41, Issue No. 4
    MHRYMnD CWAQAZIU^j MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY BALTIMORE DECEMBER • 1946 t. IN 1900 Hutzler Brothers Co. annexed the building at 210 N. Howard Street. Most of the additional space was used for the expansion of existing de- partments, but a new shoe shop was installed on the third floor. It is interesting to note that the shoe department has now returned to its original location ... in a greatly expanded form. HUTZLER BPOTHERSe N\S/Vsc5S8M-lW MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE A Quarterly Volume XLI DECEMBER, 1946 Number 4 BALTIMORE AND THE CRISIS OF 1861 Introduction by CHARLES MCHENRY HOWARD » HE following letters, copies of letters, and other documents are from the papers of General Isaac Ridgeway Trimble (b. 1805, d. 1888). They are confined to a brief period of great excitement in Baltimore, viz, after the riot of April 19, 1861, when Federal troops were attacked by the mob while being marched through the City streets, up to May 13th of that year, when General Butler, with a large body of troops occupied Federal Hill, after which Baltimore was substantially under control of the 1 Some months before his death in 1942 the late Charles McHenry Howard (a grandson of Charles Howard, president of the Board of Police in 1861) placed the papers here printed in the Editor's hands for examination, and offered to write an introduction if the Committee on Publications found them acceptable for the Magazine. Owing to the extraordinary events related and the revelation of an episode unknown in Baltimore history, Mr. Howard's proposal was promptly accepted.
    [Show full text]
  • Maryland Made Tips & Tricks Rise of to Improve ‘Maryland’ Your Impression Steuart
    Maryland Made Tips & Tricks Rise of To Improve ‘Maryland’ Your Impression Steuart The Maryland Line: Tradition Born From Culture New Market 2019: PHOTO BY PAT RICH A Successful Jimmy Farmer, a member of 2nd Mary- Weekend land, ‘Co. D’ In The Valley Summer/Fall 2019 Page 2 True Marylander Summer/Fall 2019 Volume IV Issue II TRUE MARYLANDER Improve Your Impression 5 The CSA’s Other Steuart 6 IMMORTALS: War and the Old Line State 8 NEW MARKET 2019: Lost Boys Are Found Page 7 Page 3 True Marylander Summer/Fall 2019 Page 4 True Marylander Summer/Fall 2019 Happy 5th Birthday! A look back at five years of 2nd Md., Co. D Page 5 True Marylander Summer/Fall 2019 Maryland Made Tips and tricks By IAIN DENSMORE to improve True Marylander your impression 1. Defarbing your rifle One of the most predominant Next, sand the stock down to the This is the quick and dirty process reproduction rifled muskets in the bare wood and refinish with lin- to defarb. The stock still needs to hobby is the Italian Armi-Sport seed oil. Linseed oil is the period be reshaped and there are a few take on the 1853 Enfield. But the correct coating for the wood. minor changes that still need to standard reproduction sticks out be made. I would recommend just like gaiters, gal troops, and Finally, find a lock plate with removing the rear strap swivel red artillery trim. The best fix is to correct markings on the trade on the trigger guard. The stan- defarb. blanket or at a gun shop like Zim- dard armi sport one is not peri- merman Gunsmith or Lodgewood od.
    [Show full text]
  • African Americans and the Civil War Source Set Teaching Guide
    TEACHING WITH PRIMARY SOURCES African Americans and the Civil War How should the African-American story of the Civil War be told? While slavery was the major issue separating the North and South, it was not slavery itself that sparked the conflict. The South wanted to secede from the Union, and the North refused. While President Abraham Lincoln personally opposed slavery, he recognized that it was legal under the U.S. Constitution at the time. He also recognized that few in the North were ready to go to war to free the slaves. For Lincoln and the northern majority, preservation of the Union was the foremost goal. Freed Slaves during the Civil War The “Negro question,” as it was called, became an important issue early in the conflict. Most slaves were in fact “liberated” when the Union Army eliminated the local southern forces that kept them in slavery. They simply left their plantations to seek their freedom under the protection of northern military units. Union commanders had to decide how to deal with them. Early in the fighting in border states, slaves were sometimes returned to their masters in the hope of encouraging support for the Union. However, as more and more slaves walked to freedom, the army made provisions to use them as a resource. The army hired many to work in non-military roles — cooks, wagon drivers, blacksmiths, laundresses — but until later in the conflict, racial prejudice prevented arming former slaves and allowing to fight. As the war progressed, however, African Americans could sign up for combat units.
    [Show full text]
  • Culp's Hill, Gettysburg, Battle of Gettysburg
    Volume 3 Article 7 2013 Culp’s Hill: Key to Union Success at Gettysburg Ryan Donnelly Gettysburg College Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/gcjcwe Part of the United States History Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Donnelly, Ryan (2013) "Culp’s Hill: Key to Union Success at Gettysburg," The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era: Vol. 3 , Article 7. Available at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/gcjcwe/vol3/iss1/7 This open access article is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Culp’s Hill: Key to Union Success at Gettysburg Abstract Brigadier General George S. Greene’s position on Culp’s Hill during the Battle of Gettysburg is arguably the crucial lynchpin of July 2, 1863. Had this position at the barb of the fishhook defensive line fallen, Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his army would then have been positioned to take Cemetery Hill, thus breaking the curve of the hook on the Union right. This most likely would have sent the Union into retreat, leaving the direct route to Washington unguarded. Fortunately, valiant efforts were made by men like Generals George S. Greene and Henry H. Lockwood in order to preserve the Union Army’s possession of the hill and, as a result, preserve the Union itself. While leaders distinguished themselves during the Battle of Gettysburg with exceptional decision-making and ingenuity, the battle for ulpC ’s Hill also embodied the personal cost these decisions made, as evidenced by the experience of Marylanders who literally fought their neighbors.
    [Show full text]
  • Maryland Historical Magazine, 1995, Volume 90, Issue No. 4
    I-1-Si Winter 1995 MARYLAND 2 -aa> 3 Q. Historical Magazine THE MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY Founded 1844 Dennis A. Fiori, Director The Maryland Historical Magazine Ernest L. Scott Jr., Editor Robert I. Cottom Jr., Associate Editor Patricia Dockman Anderson, Associate Editor Jessica M. Pigza, Managing Editor Jeff Goldman, Photographer Angela Anthony, Robin Donaldson Coblentz, Christopher T.George, Jane Gushing Lange, and Lama S. Rice, Editorial Associates Robert J. Brugger, Consulting Editor Regional Editors John B. Wiseman, Frostburg State University Jane G. Sween, Montgomery Gounty Historical Society Pegram Johnson III, Accoceek, Maryland John R. Wennersten, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore Acting as an editorial board, the Publications Committee of the Maryland Historical Society oversees and supports the magazine staff. Members of the committee are: Robert J. Brugger, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Go-Ghair John W. Mitchell, Upper Marlboro; Trustee, Go-Ghair Joseph L. Arnold, University of Maryland, Baltimore Gounty Jean H. Baker, Goucher Gollege James H. Bready, Baltimore Lois Green Garr, St. Mary's Gity Gommission Stiles Tuttle Golwill, Baltimore Richard R. Duncan, Georgetown University Dennis A. Fiori, Maryland Historical Society, ex-officio Jack G. Goellner, The Johns Hopkins University Press Gilbert Gude, Bethesda David Hein, Hood Gollege John Higham, The Johns Hopkins University Ronald Hoffman, Institute of Early American History and Gulture Samuel Hopkins, Baltimore Gharles McG. Mathias, Ghevy Ghase Roland G. McGonnell, Morgan State University Norvell E. Miller III, Baltimore Edward G. Papenfuse, Maryland State Archives The views and conclusions expressed in this magazine are those of the authors. The editors are responsible for the decision to make them public.
    [Show full text]