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Maryland Historical Magazine, 1994, Volume 89, Issue No. 4

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(901^ Maryland Historical Magazine < 0 X o Z p 4iN 5' h-' 4^ Published Quarterly by the Museum and Library of Maryland History Maryland Historical Society Winter 1994 THE MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY OFFICERS AND BOARD OF TRUSTEES, 1994-95 President Jack S. Griswold Vice-Presidents Treasurer Dorothy Mcllvain Scott William R. Amos John D. Schapiro Secretary Counsel Stanard T. Klinefelter William J. McCarthy Term Expires 1995 Term Expires 1997 James C. Alban III Gregory H. Barnhill Clarence W. Blount Gerry L. Brewster Forrest F. Bramble, Jr. Charles W. Conley Stiles T. Colwill Mrs. Leonard C. Crewe, Jr. William B. Dulany Jack S. Griswold Louis L. Goldstein Lenwood M. Ivey Mrs. Lila B. Lohr, Jr. Barbara P. Katz Milton H. Miller, Sr. Stanard T. Klinefelter John W. Mitchell William T. Reynolds William T. Murray III G. Dowell Schwartz, Jr. John D. Schapiro M. David Testa George R. Tydings H. Mebane Turner Term Expires 1996 Ex-Officio Trustees William R. Amos Dennis A. Fiori Gary Black, Jr. Roger B. Hayden, Baltimore County Suzanne F. Cohen Robert R. Neall, Anne Arundel County L. Patrick Deering Kurt L. Schmoke, Baltimore City Mrs. William A. Fisher III Chairmen Emeriti Louis G. Hecht Samuel Hopkins David L. Hopkins, Jr. J. Fife Symington, Jr. William J. McCarthy Presidents Emeriti J. Jefferson Miller II Leonard C. Crewe, Jr. (Deceased) Howard P. Rawlings E. Mason Hendrickson Jacques T. Schlenger John L. McShane Dorothy Mcllvain Scott Brian Topping David Mclntosh Williams Frank H. Weller, Jr. STAFF Dennis A. Fiori, Director Penny Z. Catzen, Head Librarian Richard L. Gorelick, Public Relations Helaine B. Frankel, Membership & Mary Ellen Hayward, Grants Coordinator Development JohnJ. McHale, Building Services/Security Barbara G. Gamse, Museum Shop Manager Deborah A. Morris, Public Programs Jennifer F. Goldsborough, Chief Curator Ernest L. Scott, Jr., Editor and Publisher Catherine Firth Gordon, Business Manager Judith R. Van Dyke, Education Director Elizabeth B. Gordon, Registrar Maryland Historical Magazine VOLUME 89 WINTER 1994 The Civil War in Maryland "More Trouble than a Brigade": Harry Gilmor's 2d Maryland Cavalry in the Shenandoah Valley 389 by Kevin Conley Ruffner Maintaining the Center: John Pendleton Kennedy, the Border States, and the Secession Crisis 413 by Stefan Nesenhoner Research Notes & Maryland Miscellany 427 Military Waif: A Sidelight on the Baltimore Riot of 19 April 1861, edited by Frank Towers A Maryland Refugee in Virginia, 1863, by Kevin Conley Ruffner "Tim's Black Book": The Civil War Diary of Edward Tilghman Paca, Jr., CSA, edited by Edmund C. Paca Military Prisoners in the Baltimore City Jail, 1864, by Frederick Gaede A "Minute" Regarding Major Harry Gilmor, by Charles P. Forbes Book Reviews 470 Flexner, An American Saga: The Story of Helen Thomas & Simon Flexner, by Susan L. Abrams Dudley, The Naval War of 1812: A Documentary History. Volume II, 1813, by Bert Hubinger Cottom and Hayward, Maryland in the Civil War: A House Divided, by Vincent Fitzpatrick Plummer, Maryland's Oyster Navy, The First Fifty Years, by John R. Wennersten Clarke, Wishing on the Moon: The Life and Times ofBillie Holiday, by Earl Arnett Hobson, Fitzpatrick, and Jacobs, eds., Thirty-Five Years of Newspaper Work, A Memoir by H. L. Mencken, by Arthur J. Gutman Preston, Opera on the Road: Traveling Opera Troupes in the United States, 1825-60, by Jack Shreve Snay, Gospel of Disunion: Religion and Separatism in the Antebellum South, by Raymond Cowan Gallman, The North Fights the Civil War: The Home Front, and Massey, Women in the Civil War, by Virginia Walcott Beauchamp Greiner, Coryell, and Smither, eds., A Surgeon's Civil War: The Letters & Diary of Daniel M. Holt, M.D., by Thomas B. Turner, M.D. Hart, Defending the Faith:]. Gresham Machen and the Crisis of Conservative Protestantism in Modem America, by James B. Crooks Simpson, The Fable of the Southern Writer, by Jack Shreve Books Received 493 Notices 495 Maryland Picture Puzzle 496 Index to Volume 89 497 Acting as an editorial board, the Publications Committee of the Maryland Historical Society oversees and supports the magazine staff. Members of the committee include: JOSEPH L. ARNOLD, University of Maryland, Baltimore County JEAN H. BAKER, Goucher College JAMES H. BREADY, Baltimore Lois GREEN CARR, St. Mary's City Commission STILES TUTTLE COLWILL, JR., Baltimore RICHARD R. DUNCAN, Georgetown University JACK G. GOELLNER, Johns Hopkins University Press GILBERT GUDE, Bethesda DAVID HEIN, Hood College JOHN HICHAM, Johns Hopkins University RONALD HOFFMAN, University of Maryland SAMUEL HOPKINS, Baltimore CHARLES MCC. MATHIAS, Chevy Chase ROLAND C. MCCONNELL, Morgan State University NORVELL E. MILLER III, Baltimore JOHN W. MITCHELL, Upper Marlboro ROBERT T. OESTE, Johns Hopkins University Press EDWARD C. PAPENFUSE, Maryland State Archives ROSALYN M. TERBORC-PENN, Morgan State University Cover: In the 1880s, postwar bitterness still prevailed, and when individual Maryland units erected their monuments on the Gettysburg battlefield, G.A.R. veterans controlling the Gettysburg Battlefield Monument Association opposed the place- ment and inscription of a monument to Confederate veterans of the 2d (1st) Maryland Infantry, CSA. The new state memorial at Gettysburg honors both Union and Confederate Marylanders and offers in the design a sense of unity and the hope of reconciliation. This magnificent 1994 tribute is the work of James A. Holechek and sculptor Lawrence M. Ludtke. ROBERT J. BRUGGER, Editor JESSICA PICZA, Managing Editor Assistant Editors ROBIN DONALDSON COBLENTZ, CHRISTOPHER T. GEORGE and JANE CUSHING LANCE Regional Editors JOHN B. WISEMAN JANE C SWEEN PEGRAM JOHNSON III JOHN R. WENNERSTEN Frostburg Montgomery County Accoceek, Maryland University of Maryland State University Historical Society Eastern Shore Editor's Comer: One searches long and hard for a subject to rival the Civil War in Maryland for intrinsic and enduring interest. It may be fitting, therefore, to end the magazine's series of theme issues celebrating the Maryland Historical Society's sesquicentennial with a fresh look at the war and some of the curiosities it visited on the state and its people. This issue also marks the last number direcdy the work of the incumbent editor, who gratefully steps aside (while staying in the wings as an advisor) and welcomes as his successor Ernest L. Scott, whom the society's director, with the advice and consent of the publications committee, has named to take over both the magazine and the society's publications program. A veteran of more than forty years in editing and publishing, he has specialized in American history and biography. He has research under way on antislavery in antebellum Maryland and has recendy published in the New Hampshire historical magazine. We are fortunate to have his services and wish him well in his new chair. Words fail to express our appreciation for the help so many friends have rendered in producing the magazine the past eight years. Special thanks nonethe- less to to Karen Stuart, Susan Weinandy, Melinda Friend, Jennifer Bryan, Christie Bateman, and Jessica Pigza, wonderful managing editors; Jeff Goldman for steady assistance with photographic orders; Elizabeth Cadwalwader, Chris George, and the dynamic duo Jane Lange and Robin Coblenz for faithful help with copyediting and proofreading; Mary Ellen Hayward for her attention to coundess art and textual issues; and to Ric Cottom for saving us from howlers large and small. Thanks finally to readers, who have always let us hear when something slipped through! ISSN-0025-4258 Copyright 1994 by the Maryland Historical Society. Published in March, June, September, and December. Articles appearing in this Journal are abstracted and indexed in HISTORICAL ABSTRACTS and/or AMERICA: HISTORY AND LIFE. Second Class postage paid at Baltimore, Maryland, and at additional mailing offices: POSTMASTER please send address changes to the Maryland Historical Society, 201 West Monument Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, which disclaims responsibility for statements, whether of fact or opinion, made by contributors. Composed by Publishing Concepts, Baltimore, Maryland and printed by The Sheridan Press, Hanover, Pennsylvania 17331. 388 MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE Col. Harry Gilmor, Confederate cavalier and guerrilla leader, organized Maryland troops in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. (W. W. Goldsborough, The Maryland Line in the Con- federate Army.) "More Trouble than a Brigade": Harry Gilmor's 2d Maryland Cavalry in the Shenandoah Valley KEVIN CONLEY RUFFNER The Shenandoah Valley in Virginia witnessed some of the Civil War's bloodiest fighting. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson earned military immortality—or at least Confederate immortality—by devastating Union forces there in 1862. Two years later, cadets of the Virginia Military Institute drove off federal invaders at the Batde of New Market. The valley experienced seesaw action again during the summer and fall of 1864 whenjubal Early cleared the region of Union troops and even threatened Washington, D.C. In the last months of 1864, Philip Sheridan soundly defeated Early, marking the end of Confederate supremacy in the Shenan- doah. Beyond the famous battles of 1862 and 1864, the Shenandoah Valley saw almost continuous military action throughout the war. Control of the valley shifted with the movement of the major armies; indeed, Winchester in the lower, or northern portion of the Shenandoah Valley reportedly changed hands seventy-two times between 1861 and 1865. The
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