Quality Education Study 2019.Cdr
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STRUCTURAL BOTTLENECKS IN MAINSTREAMING QUALITY IN THE EXISTING EDUCATION SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN STRUCTURAL BOTTLENECKS IN MAINSTREAMING QUALITY IN THE EXISTING EDUCATION SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN Federal SDGs Support Unit Ministry of Planning, Development and Reform Contributors MR. AMIR USMAN Principal Author SDGs Team MR. NADEEM AHMED Social Policy Advisor, Federal SDG Unit MS. ANSA RIAZ Monitoring and Evaluation Officer, Federal SDG Unit DR. HAROON SARWAR Assistant Chief, SDGs Section MR. BARKAT ALI Program Coordinator, UNICEF Layout & Design MR. HASNAT AHMED UNDP, Pakistan ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report has been produced by the Consultant for UNDP Pakistan and Ministry of Planning Development and Special Initiative, Government of Pakistan. The research study involved wider consultations with key governmental and private sector stakeholders at federal, provincial and regional level of Pakistan. Without the valuable advice, input and support of these stakeholders, this report would not have been possible. Therefore, the Consultant would like to express his gratitude to all those who contributed to this study with their expertise, advice and knowledge. The Consultant would like to particularly thank the Project Director, Ministry of Planning Development and Reform (SDG Section), and the Federal and Provincial/ Regional SDG Support Units for their facilitation and support throughout. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii List of Tables vi List of Figures vii Acronyms viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1. INTRODUCTION 7 1.1 General Background 8 1.2 Definition of Quality Education 9 1.3 Education after the 18th Amendment 9 1.4 Minimum National Standards for Quality Education 10 1.5 Terms of Reference (ToRs) of the Consultancy 10 1.6 Structure of the Report 11 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE/ MATERIAL 13 2.1 The Road to Quality Education 14 2.2 Some International Best Practices in Effective Teaching and Learning 16 2.3 Local Best Practices- Quality Standards by READ Foundation 17 2.4 Gaps in Policies and Plans to Impart Quality Education 29 3. METHODOLOGY 31 3.1 Study Instruments 33 3.2 Data and Information Collection 33 3.3 Study Subjects/ Key Stakeholders Consulted during the Consultancy 34 3.4 Methodological Challenges/ Study Limitations 37 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4. RESULTS 39 4.1 Federal/ICT level 40 4.2 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 47 4.3 Balochistan 61 4.4 Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK) 70 4.5 Gilgit Baltistan (GB) 72 4.6 Punjab 79 4.7 Sindh 87 5. MAJOR BOTTLENECKS IN MAINSTREAMING QUALITY (CONSOLIDATED) 99 6. RECOMMENDATIONS 107 6.1 Immediate Measures (within 1 year) 108 6.2 Short Term Measures (1-3 years) 109 6.3 Long term Measures (3-7 years) 110 6.4 Policy Dialogue-Comments from Participants 110 7. ANNEXES 115 Annex I: References 116 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Key Stakeholders Consulted during the Consultancy 34 Table 2: Progress of NCC against various objectives 42 Table 3: Total Expenditure on Education (Rs million) 45 Table 4: ICT/ Federal Education Budget Allocation 2013-18 46 Table 5: ICT/ Federal Education Budget Expenditure 2013-18 47 Table 6: Basic Facilities in Schools in KP 52 Table 7: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Education Budget Allocation 2013-18 59 Table 8: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Education Budget Expenditure 2013-18 60 Table 9: Balochistan Education Budget Allocation 2013-18 68 Table 10: Balochistan Education Budget Expenditure 2013-18 69 Table 11: Education Budget of AJK 2013-2018 71 Table 12: Summary of Education Indicators for Gilgit-Baltistan 77 Table 13: Estimated Budget for Implementation of GB Education Strategy (2015-2030) 77 Table 14: Punjab Education Budget Allocation 2013-18 85 Table 15: Punjab Education Budget Expenditure 2013-18 86 Table 16: Utilization of Budget in Sindh 88 Table 17: Sindh Education Budget Allocation 2013-18 97 Table 18: Sindh Education Budget Expenditure 2013-18 98 vi | LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Communication and Coordination in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 55 Figure 2: Teacher Absenteeism in KP 57 Figure 3: School Level Indicators in KP 58 Figure 4: Single factor priority analysis 62 Figure 5: Multiple factor priority analysis 62 Figure 6: Communication and Coordination in Balochistan 65 Figure 7: Relationship between Organizations in Balochistan 66 Figure 8: Allied Institutions of the SED Balochistan 67 Figure 9: Organogram of Education Department Gilgit-Baltistan 76 Figure 10: Communication and Coordination in Punjab 82 Figure 11: Allied institutions of SED Punjab 83 Figure 12: Single factor priority analysis 89 Figure 13: Multiple factor priority analysis 89 Figure 14: Communication and Coordination in Sindh 92 Figure 15: Organogram of SELD 94 Figure 16: Allied Institutions of SELD 95 LIST OF FIGURES | vii ACRONYMS ABPPSA All Balochistan Progressive Private Schools Association ACR Annual Confidential Report ADEO Assistant District Education Officer AEO Assistant Education Officer AEPAM Academy of Education Planning & Management AIP Annual Implementation Plan AJK Azad Jammu & Kashmir AJKPSRA AJK Private School Regulatory Authority AJKTBB AJK Textbook Board AKES Aga Khan Education Services AKF Aga Khan Foundation AKU Aga Khan University APPSF All Pakistan Private School Foundation ASDEO Assistant Sub Divisional Education Officer ASER Annual Status of Education Report ASI Adam Smith International B.Ed. Bachelor of Education BEAC Balochistan Education Assessment Commission BECS Basic Education Community Schools BEF Balochistan Education Foundation BESP Balochistan Education Sector Plan BISE Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education BOC Bureau of Curriculum BTBB Balochistan Textbook Board C&W Construction and Works CADD Capital Administration and Development Division CDRC Curriculum Development Research Center GB CNIC Computerized National Identity Card CPD Continuous Professional Development CSP Community Support Process viii | ACRONYMS CT Certificate in Teaching DCAR Directorate of Curriculum Assessment and Research DCMA Data Collection and Monitoring Assistant DCRD Directorate of Curriculum Research and Development AJK DCTE Directorate of Curriculum and Teacher Education Khyber Pakhtunkhwa DD Deputy Director DDU District Delivery Unit Khyber Pakhtunkhwa DEO District Education Officer DFID Department for International Development UK DG Director General DL&NFE Directorate of Literacy & Non-Formal Education DMO District Monitoring Officer DOE Department of Education DPIESE Directorate of Public Instructions, Elementary and Secondary Education, AJK DROC District Reform Oversight Committee DSD Department of Staff Development E&SED Elementary & Secondary Education Department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ECD Early Childhood Development ECE Early Childhood Education ED Executive Director EDO Executive District Officer Education EFA Education for All EMIS Education Management Information System ESP Education Sector Plan ESRU Education Sector Reform Unit Khyber Pakhtunkhwa FATA Federal Administered Tribal Areas FDE Federal Directorate of Education Islamabad FGD Focused Group Discussion FTI Fast Track Initiative GB Gilgit Baltistan GBES Gilgit Baltistan Education Strategy GBECC Gilgit Baltistan Education Coordination Council GBLA Gilgit Baltistan Legislative Assembly GDP Gross Domestic Product GIZ Gesellschaft fürInternationaleZusammenarbeit-German Technical Cooperation HIV/ AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome HRMS Human Resource Management System HT Primary Head Teacher Primary School HT Secondary Head Teacher Secondary School IBCC Inter Board Committee of Chairmen ICT Islamabad Capital Territory/ Information and Communication Technology ACRONYMS | ix IEA International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement IMU Independent Monitoring Unit Khyber Pakhtunkhwa INGO International Non-Governmental Organization IPEMC Inter Provincial Education Minister's Conference IPWG Inter Provincial Working Group ITE Initial Teacher Education JEA Joint Education Advisor JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency KEAS Kashmir Education Assessment System KESP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Education Sector Programme (funded by DFID) KPITB Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Information Technology Board KPPSRA Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Private Schools Regulatory Authority KPTBB Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board LEG Local Education Group Balochistan LND Literacy Numeracy Drive M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MEA Monitoring & Evaluation Assistant MER Monitoring Evaluation and Research MoFEPT Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training MoPD&R Ministry of Planning Development and Reform MSQE Minimum Standards for Quality Education NCC National Curriculum Council NCF National Curriculum Framework NCHD National Commission for Human Development NEAS National Education Assessment System NEF National Education Foundation NEMIS National Education Management Information System NEP National Education Policy NFBE Non-Formal Basic Education NFE Non-Formal Education NGO Non-Governmental Organization NHDR National Human Development Report NSB Non-Salary Budget NTI National Training Institute NTS National Testing Service PBS Pakistan Bureau of Statistics PCTB Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board PDB Planning and Development Board Punjab PDCN Professional Development Center North PEAS Punjab Education Assessment Commission PEC Punjab Examination Commission x | ACRONYMS PEELI Punjab Education and English Language Initiatives PEIRA Private Educational Institutions Regulatory Authority PESDA Punjab Education Standards Development Authority PESP Punjab Education Sector Program PESRP Punjab Education Sector Reform Programme PITE Provincial Institute