PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT, N.S.w. I ENGINEERING DIVISION I I I
I HAWKESBURY RIVER HYDRAULIC AND I SEDIMENT TRANSPORT PROCESSES REPORT NO.2 I I I TIDAL GAUGING OF THE HAWKESBURY RIVER: I 23-24 OCTOBER, 1984 I I I I
I M. N. CLARKE M. G. GEARY CHIEF ENGINEER PRINCIPAL ENGINEER I PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT RIVERS AND PORTS BRANCH
I DECEMBER 1987 I
Report No. PWD 87059 I ISBN 724029494 I I I I
POBEWORD
I The estuaries of NSW are an abundant source of renewable biological resources and non-renewable construction materials. Most major population centres are located on estuaries and while the waterways provide the main I outlet for water orientated recreation, they also cope with sewage, industrial effluent, urban silt and stormwater runoff, as well as I fertilizer and pesticide enriched runoff from agricultural lands. Estuaries are complex systems with hydrodynamic, sedimentary, chemical and biological processes Which react, often synergistically, to artificial disturbance. Community demand for estuarine resources requires that I priority be placed on understanding estuarine processes so that future management will be capable of maximising the benefits of estuaries without I jeopardising their ecological viability. The Hawkesbury River is the longest estuary in NSW and one of the most heav ily exploited. The Hawkesbury Valley holds all of Sydney's gravel I resources and 80t of construction and industrial sand, about 2800 hectares of very productive agricultural land is irrigated from the tidal waterway, it is the State's third largest oyster producer, the waterway is a major tour ist attraction and it' provides the only water-based recreation I convenient to the expanding western area of Sydney. It also sustains extensive wetlands which provide important wildlife habitats.
I Problems are already evident with recurring poor water quality, widespread river bank erosion , severe flooding and competing demands for waterway development. Despite these signs of stress, demand on the waterway is I escalating; as much as 400 million cubic metres of sand and gravel reserves are needed to satisfy the metropolitan demand over the next 50 years, the population of the Hawkesbury/Nepean catchment is expected to double to 1.2 million by the year 2020. The latter will strain the nutrient assimilation I ,and dispersion capability of the estuary as well as intensify competing demands for recreation and habitat conservation.
I 'Models of the hydrodynamic and sedimentary processes of the Hawkesbury River are needed so that the individual and cumulative impact of developnent proposals can be predicted and future developnent planned to I avoid adverse effects. The Department has prepared a reference set of reports covering the hydraulic and sediment processes data currently available on the Hawkesbury River. This document is one of the volumes in that set which collectively prov ide a foundation for future model I studies.
Collation of this data set is merely the first step in what will be a long I endeavour if the Hawkesbury River is to be fully understood and appreciated and the amenity and resources of this magnificent waterway are to be I sustained for the benefit and enjoyment of future generations. I I I I I I I (ii) TABLE OF CONTENTS I Page No. I Foreword (i) Table of Contents (ii) List of Tables (iii) I List of Figures (iv) List of Definitions (vi) I Summary (vii) 1. Introduction 1 I 2. Weather 2 3. Freshwater Flow 4
I 4. Datum 7 I 5. Water Levels 11 6. References 13 I 7, Acknowledgements 13 Appendix A : Temporary Automatic Tide Recorders - I Equipment and Operational Details 14 Appendix B Tidal Gradients for the Hawkesbury River between Wisemans Ferry and Windsor I 20th December 1983 15 Appendix C : Level of Tideboard Zero for Automatic Recorders 16
I Photographs 1 and 2 I, Figures 1 to 34 Figures Bl to B3 I I I I I I I I ( iii) LIST OF TABLES I Page No. Table 2.1 General Weather at Richmond M.O. 2 I Table 2.2 Richmond M. O. - Daily Rainfall Figures 3 Table 2.3 Surface Synoptic Charts at 1000 HRS EST 3
I Table 3.1 Freshwater Discharges for the Gauging Stations 5 I Table 3.2 Discharge at Penrith - NepeanRiver 5 Table 4.1 Levels of Tideboards 8 I Table 4.2 Levels of Temporary Bench Marks 8 Table 4.3 Levels of Bench Marks ""9
I Table 4.4 Comparison of Datums 10
Table 5.1 Fort Denison Tide Predictions I 11 Table 5.2 Summary of Tidal Lags 12
Table A1 Temporary Automatic Tide Recorders located 14 I in the Hawkesbury Valley I I I I I I I I I I I I
I (iv) LIST OF FIGURES
I Figure 1 Location of Tideboards and Automatic Recorders I Figure 2 Location of Tideboards for Richmond and Colo Sites Figure 3 Comparison of Water Levels - Hawkesbury River I 23/24 October 1984 Figure 4 Comparison of Water Levels - Lower Hawkesbury Estuary 23/24 October 1984
I Figure 5 Comparison of Water Levels - Mangrove Creek 23/24 October 1984 I Figure 6 Comparison of Water Levels - MacDonald River 23/24 October 1984 I Figure 7 Comparison of Water Levels - Colo River 23/24 October 1984
Figure 8 Tidal Gradients in the Hawkesbury River, 23 October I 1984 - Flood Tide Flow at the Ocean
Figure 9 Tidal Gradients in the Hawkesbury River, 23/24 I ,October 1984 - Ebb Tide Flow at the Ocean
Figure 10 Tidal Gradients in Mangrove Creek, 23 October 1984 - I Flood Tide Flow Figure 11 Tidal Gradients in Mangrove Creek, 23 October 1984 - I Ebb Tide Flow Figure 12, Tidal Gradients in the MacDonald River, 23 October I 1984 - Flood Tide Flow Figure 13 Tidal Gradients in the MacDonald River, 23/24 I October 1984 - Ebb Tide Flow Figure 14 Tidal Gradients in the Colo River, 23 October 1984 - Flood Tide Flow
I Figure 15 Tidal Gradients in the Colo River, 23/24 October 1984 - Ebb Tide Flow I Figure 16 Water Levels 23/24 October 1984 - Tideboard 1 I Figure 17 Water Levels 23/24 October 1984 - Tideboard 2 Figure 18 Water Levels 23/24 October 1984 Tideboard 3 I Figure 19 Water Levels 23/24 October 1984 - Tideboard 4 Figure 20 Water Levels 23/24 October 1984 - Tibeboard 5 I Figure 21 Water Levels 23/24 October 1984 - Tideboard 6 I I I
I (v) Figure 22 Water Levels 23/24 October 1984 - Fort Denison Gauge
I Figure 23 Water Levels 23/24 October 1984 - Fitness Camp Tide Recorder
I Figure 24 Water Levels 23/24 October 1984 - Bobbin Head Tide Recorder I Figure 25 Water Levels 23/24 October 1984 - Peats Ferry Bridge Tide Recorder
Figure 26 Water Levels 23/24 October 1984 - Mooney Mooney Tide I Recorder
Figure 27 Water Levels 23/24 October 1984 - Private Tide I Recorder at Spencer
Figure 28 Water Levels 23/24 October 1984 - Lower Mangrove I Tide Recorder Figure 29 Water Levels 23/24 October 1984 - Central MacDonald I Tide Recorder Figure 30 Water Levels 23/24 October 1984 - Colo Tide Recorder
I Figure 31 Water Levels. 23/24 October 1984 - Windsor Tide Recorder I Figure 32 Water Levels 23/24 October 1984 - North Richmond Tide Recorder
Figure 33 Water Levels 23/24 October 1984 - Webbs Creek Flood I Recorder
"Figure 34 Water Levels 23/24 October 1984 - Freemans Reach I Flood Re corder
Figure B1 Comparison of Water Levels - Hawkesbury River, 20 I December 1983 Figure B2 Tidal Gradients in the Hawkesbury River, 20 December I 1983 - Flood Tide Flow Figure B3 Tidal Gradients in the Hawkesbury River, 20 December I 1983 - Ebb Tide Flow I I I I I I
I (vi) LIST OF DEFINITIONS
I Bund - Temporary artificial embankment constructed across a watercourse. I Ebb Tide - The occurrence of falling water surface of a tide Ebb Current - The seaward movements of water along a tidal channel
I Flood Tide - The occurrence of rising water surface of a tide I Flood Current - The landward movement of water along a tidal channel Left/Right Bank - The bank to the left/right of an observer looking I downstream Thalweg - In hydraulics, the line joining the deepest points of an inlet or stream channel I Instantaneous Tidal Gradient - ·The water level along a tidal channel at an instant I in time. Tidal Period - The interval of time between two consecutive like I phases of the tide. I I I I I I I I I I I I
I ( vii) SUMMARY
I Tidal data was collected at the Hawkesbury River and its major tributaries on the 23rd and 24th October, 1984. I . Manual reading of tide boards located near the tidal limit of the Hawkesbury River, Colo River, MacDonald River and Mangrove Creek were taken to augment data collected on automatic tide recorders installed for several months. The objective of all these tidal measurements was I the preparation of comprehensive tidal gradients for the river.
The manual water level readings carried out at 6 tide board I locations measured the following tidal ranges:
I Location Tidal Range (m) Ebb Flood I 1st 2nd
TB1 Agnes Banks 0.06 0.08 0.09 I TB2 North Richmond 0.29 0.33 0.33 TB3 Upper Colo (upstream) 0.01 0.03 0.03 TB4 Upper Colo (downstream) 0.98 1.09 1.09 -I TB5 MacDonald River 0.35 0.44 0.45 TB6 Mangrove Creek 0.93 1.04 1.04
I Automatic recorders at thirteen other locations in the river (including the Fort Denison gauge) recorded the following tidal I ranges:
Type of Recorder Location Tidal Range (m) ·1 (T = Tide, F = Flood)- Ebb Flood I Fort Denison 1.42 1.67 1.56 T Fitness Camp 1.42 1.67 1.53 T Bobbin Head 1.48 1.75 1.67 I T Peats Ferry 1.48 1.71 1.59 T Mooney Mooney 1.52 1.66 1.65 T Lower Mangrove 1.56 1.75 1.70 I T Spencer 1.52 1.74 1.63 T Central MacDonald 1.19 1.31 1.31 T Colo 1.34 1.47 1.44 I T Windsor 1.07 1.15 1.13 T North Richmond 0.26 0.28 0.28 F Webbs Creek 1.61 1.80 1.73 I F Freemans Reach 0.26 0.30 0.30 it T = Temporary tide recorders used to measure river tides for I several months. F = Permanent flood recorders used to measure floods and tides. I I I I I - 1 - 1. INTRODUCTION I The Public Works Department has a statutory I"ole to ensure that development of the Hawkesbury River is not detrimental to the stability of the river course. In view of heavy development pressures ,on the river, the Department has prepared a reference set ,of reports I covering the hydraulic and sediment processes data currently available. This work has included extensive hydrosurvey of the river channel along i1:;s full tidal length. The tidal gauging reported herein was supple I mentary to the hydrosu,rvey effort. This report, and the others in the series, collectively provide a foundation for future model studies of the river that will be required for preparation of a comprehensive plan I, of management.
As part of the hydrosurvey of the Hawkesbury River, twelve automatic water level recorders were installed in the river for several I months. The objective was to obtain sufficient tidal records to enable reiiable tidal gradients to be determined by a range ratio analysis. 1 To extend the tidal plane data to the tidal limit of the Hawkesbury and its major tributaries a series of tideboards was installed and read over a brief period. This short period of data provides an I indication of the tidal rang'e and the extent of tidal penetration along the river and its tributaries. The tideboards were read in a sequence of high-low~high-low from 0730 on the 23rd October, through to 1200 on the 24th October, 1984. This tidal cycle was chosen because it I included a large spring tide.
Other gaugings of tidal heights and currents have been undertaken I by Manly Hydraulics Laboratory (see References). The key gauging results from field measurements -, undertaken in the Hawkesbury River in the period 1971 to 198~ have been compiled in Report No. 1 of this series I of: reports. In addition, Report No.9 gives sediment data, and Report No.3 documents a detailed gauging undertaken in the river's upper tidal reaches on 2nd April, 1986.
I The tideboards were located at Richmond (2), Upper Colo (2), Central MacDonald and Loweb Mangrove. The location of the tideboards and temporary automatic recorders are shown in Figures 1 and 2. Of the I twelve temporary automatic recorders installed in the river, nine were operational during the gauging exercise. Appendix A lists the type of recorder used and whether it was operating during the gauging I exercise. Water levels recorded by a private automatic tide recorder at Hannas Boatshed, Spencer have also been made available.
The location of three permanent automatic flood recorders is I shown in Figure 1. Of the three, Webbs Creek and Freemans Reach stations were operating during the gauging exercise.
I The tidaL measurements were taken by personnel from the Rivers and Ports Branch and Manly Hydraulics Laboratory, Public Works Department. The raw data and calculations are retained at Rivers and I Ports Branch, 140 Phillip Street, Sydney. I I I
I - 2 - I 2. WEATHER As tidal phenomena are affected by weather systems, general I weather data has been collected for inclusion in this report. The Commonwealth Bureau of Meteorology supplied the general weather and rainfall information in Table 2.1 and 2.2 and the surface synoptic charts reproduced in Table 2.3. The weather details were I recorded at the Richmond Meteorological Office.
Rainfall for the Western Metropolitan area for the month of I October averaged 28 mm, 33 mm less than 'normal'. Of this 28 mm, over half fell after the gauging exercise towards the end of the month. Although 1984 was by and large a. relatively wet year the month of I October was notably dry • . No rain fell on the gauging days, October' 23rd/24th, 1984.
I TABLE 2.1 I GENERAL WEATHER AT RICHMOND M.O. 23/10/84 Time 0900 EST 1500 EST I Atmospheric Pressure 1023 mb 1017 mb Temperature 19°C . 25 0 C Wind Speed 12 km/h NE 10 km/h ESE I Rainfall (Previous 24h) Omm 24/10/84 TillE 0900 EST 1500 EST I Atmospheric Pressure 1017 mb 1010 mb Temperature 19 0 C 29 0 C Wind Speed Calm 16 km/h ESE I Rainfall (Previous 24h) Omm Rain in Area I I I I I I I I I
I - 3 - 2 I 20 I E 19 -E I I 7 I I 6 11 16 21 31 I OCTOBER, 1984 I TABLE 2·2 ~ RICHMOND M.O. - DAILY RAINFALL FIGURES. I I I I I I I 23RD OCTOBER,1984 24TH OCTOBER,1984 I I TABLE 2·3 SURFACE SYNOPTIC CHARTS AT 1000 HRS. EST. I I I
I - 4 - I 3. FRESHWATER FLOW The tidal influence in the Hawkesbury River extends to the vicinity of the confluence of the Nepean and Grose Rivers, about 4 km I upstream of North Richmond Bridge. Further downstream three main tributaries join the river, the Colo River which is tidal over a length of 19 km, the MacDonald River which is tidal as far upstream as the confluence with Wrights Creek, and Mangrove Creek which is tidal to I Mangrove Creek Weir. These locations for the limitof tidal influence are based on an approximate mean high water spring tide and will vary depending on the tidal range, freshwater flow and the presence of bunds I and other constrictions in the river channel associated with dredging and mining operations. I The MWSDB maintains gauging stations at Upper Colo, Penrith and Warragamba Dam while the Department of Water Resources maintains. stations at St. Albans and Mangrove Creek. The locat~on of these stations and catchment area for the Hawkesbury Valley is shown on the diagram at I Page 6. The respective flow for each station on the 22nd, 23rd and 24th October 1984 is; shown in Table 3.1. Groundwater inflows were not assessed I and may have exceeded tributary surface inflow. The daily flows for a month preceding the gauging exercise for I Penrith is shown in Table 3.2. The cyclic pattern (Table 3.2) which occurred up to the 28th September was attributed to discharges through Warragamba Dam Power Station, which is operated by the N.S·.W. Electricity Commission. The I power station is permitted to operate when the water level is above -0.3m below the full capacity of the dam provided the water level is rising. The level of the dam dropped below -0.3m on the 28th Septem~er I and,. thus water was not released through the power station during October 1984. The level of the dam on the 22nd and 23rd October was -0.57 and I -0.60 m respectively. The Warragamba Dam spillway gates were operated to discharge flows from the 28th July to the 17th August, and from the 8th to the I 19th November 1984. The last time ptior ·to these two openings was in 1978. On the days of the gauging exercise approximately 20m3 Is was discharged via a low level pipe through Warrag~ba Dam. The I corresponding flow at Penrith was less than 2 m Is,while the discharge forithe Nepean River at Yarramundi Bridge was estimated to be less than 1 m Is. The substantial reduction in flow for locations down the river I is probably attributed to irrigation intakes and was exacerbated by dry, hot weather leading up to and on the gauging days.
Considering the minimal antecedent rainfall and the low inflows, I it is considered that the freshwater flows in the Hawkesbury River and its tributaries on the 23rd/24th October 1984 would not affect the tidal I gauging results. I I I I I - 5 - I TABLE 3.1 FRESh'WATER DISCHARGES AT THE GAUGING STATIONS
I Discharge in ML/DAY Station Date I 22/10/84 23/10/84 24/10/84 I Mangrove Weir No flow over weir wall St. Albans 1.5 1.5 1.3 I Penrith Weir 140 140 140 Warragamba Dam 1644 1734 1328
I Note: 1 m3/s = 86.4 ML/DAY
I OBSERVERS ESTIMATES OF BASEFLOW AT GAUGING SITES Mangrove Weir I Upper colo MacDonald River Nepean River I (upstream of Grose confluence) I 5000 I 4000
I ~ 0 ..... 3000 ..... I ~ w 2000 I «~ u~ ." I 0 1000 I 24 26 28 30 2 4 6 • 10 12 14 16 18 10 11 24 16 28 30 I SEPTEMBER OCTOBER I TABLE 3·2: DISCHARGE AT PENRITH - NEPEAN RIVER I I I N I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
SCALE: I 1: \000.000 LEGEND: Valley boundary I HAWKESBURY VALLEY Catchment boundary - . - of Water Board Dams CATCHMENT AREA I Gau9in9 Stations • I I
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I 4. DATUM The datum used is Hawkesbury River Hydro Datum (HRHD), which is defined as being 0.902 m below Standard Datum. The datum is the same I as that used in the 1961 hydro survey carried out by Bob Engel, hydrographic surveyor for the Department. This datum is approximately I equal to Indian Springs Low Water (1.S.L. ~l.) at Fort Denison. All the tideboards were related to Temporary Bench 11arks (TBM) with a misclose accuracy of between 0 and 5 mm. That part of the I levelling exercise was carried out by Rivers and Ports personnel on the 23rd October, 1984 during the gauging exercise.
A description of each tide board and its reduced level is shown I in Table 4.1, while its location is shown in Figure 1 and 2. Data on TBM's is shown in Table 4.2.
I The TBM's were related to Bench Marks (BM) in the months following the gauging exercise by the Department's Survey Branch. The levels and description of the bench marks used in the exercise are I shown in Table 4.3. The closing errors for the levelling between TBM and BM varied between ,1 and 6 mm, with Tideboard 1 TBM having the largest error. I Field books for the establishment and levelling or the Bench Marks are kept at the Department's Survey Branch at St. Leonards. Due to the distances involved tideboards were related to local survey marks with I no levelling run undertaken between the tideboards.
The relationship between different datums used in the area is I shown in Table 4.4. caution should be used when relating Australian Height Datum (AHD) to Standard Datum as it varies from one location to another. The 0.062 m difference quoted is applicable over the area upstream of Spencer while 0.052 m is to be used for the Lower I Hawkesbury Valley. Although the relationship between AHD and Standard Datum is quoted for consistency, it was not used in the tidal analysis because all tide boards were levelled to Standard Datum then related to I HRHD. AHD was only used when relating Fort Denision Gauge Zero to HRHD as the gauge zero is referenced to AHD. I The level of TB1 was obtained by comparing the water levels of TB1 and TB2. This was due to an anomaly in the level obtained for TB1. By this method the accuracy of the datum established for TB1 is I considered to be +/- 20 mm relative to datum at TB2. The automatic tide recorders were maintained by Survey Branch, I with all reduced levels being supplied by that Branch. At Fort Denison the zero of the gauge is given as 0.925 m below I AHD (1974). I I I I
I - 8 - I TABLE 4.1 LEVEL OF TIDEBOARDS I Reduced Level of Tideboard Zero I Tideboard Location (HRHD)
TB1 At the confluence of the 0.68 m I Agnes Banks Nepean and Grose Rivers, near the right bank of I the main channel. TB2 Approximately 270 m upstream 0.291 m North Richmond of the North Richmond Bridge I on the left bank of the Hawkesbury River.
TB3 Colo River 2.7 km upstream of 1.237 m I Central Colo Somerset Fitness Camp at mid-channel I TB4 Colo River opposite Somerset 0.301 m Central Colo Fitness Camp near the left bank. I TB5 MacDonald River 150 m downstream 0.564 m Central of the confluence with Wrights MacDonald Creek on the left bank.
I TB6 Mangrove Creek 40 m downstream 0.227 m Central of the weir face near the right I Mangrove bank.
I TABLE 4.2 I LEVELS OF TEHPORARY BENCH MARKS Reduced Level I Tideboard Description of TB!1 (HRHD ) TB1 Bolt in timber beam of structure I for support of pump under galvanised iron lean-to on the right bank, 50 m U/S of tideboard. 7.938 m
I TB2 Nail in low-slung bough of willow tree, approximately 10 m DIS of I tide board on the left bank. 3.972 m TB3 Nail at base of trunk of large Oak tree on right bank, 2.7 km U/S I from Somerset Fitness Camp. 4.638 m I I I - 9 -
I Reduced Level Tideboard Description of TEl-! (HRHD) I TB4 Nail in tree on right riverbank in the vicintiy of brick toilet block in grounds of Somerset Fitness I Camp. 3.801 m
TB5 Nail in 3rd telephone pole from I bridge over Wrights Creek going towards \-lisemans Ferry, on left I bank. 6.422 m TB6 RIS nail and A in kerb at top of steps leading from weir at I pump station on Mangrove Creek. 10.177 m
I TABLE 4.3 I LEVELS OF BENCH MARKS USED BM Reduced Level I Tideboard Name Description of BM (HRHD)
TB1 18/MY Galvanised spike in electric pole I No. 1946 at N.W. side of intersection of Yarramundi Lane I and Crowleys Lane. 16.774 m TB2 1779-A Bolt and triangle in concrete foot path on the UIS side of Kurrajong I Road, North Richmond Bridge. 10.030 m TB3 15/MY Bolt in face of large "V" shaped Gum tree on east side of Upper Colo I Road, 6.75 km west from Putty Road. Gum at road edge. 14.935 m I TB4 14/MY Cut in concrete footpath adjacent to mens toilet at Somerset Fitness Camp. 16.458 m
TB5 L:::. in concrete edging, north end I of Wrights Creek Bridge, U/S side. 6.557 m TB6 G. C. C* 1 e:. found on ledge on face of rock, I on east edge of track leading south from pumping station at weir on Hangrove Creek. 97 m south from I PIS and 0.5 m above bank. 6.435 m
I it G.C.C = Gosford City Council I I
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I TABLE 4·4 : COMPARISON OF DATUMS I A.H.D. (19741 O·062m Spencer & U/S I 0·052m Lower Hawkesbury Standard Datum I 0·03Sm Fort Denison 0·925 m
I o ·890m 0·902 m
I Fort Denison Gauge Zero
I Hawkesbury River Hydro Datum
I Not to Scale I I I I I I I I I - 11 - I 5. WATER LEVELS The predicted and actual water levels at the Fort Denison gauge for the period of the gauging exercise are given below and are related I to Fort Denison zero. TABLE 5.1
I FORT DENISON TIDE PREDICTIONS
I Predicted Values Recorded Values Time Height Time Height I Date ~T (m) ~T (m) 23/10/84 0050 0.1 0049 -0.05 0701 1.6 0716 1.47 I 1307 0.1 1304 0.05 1916 1.7 1915 1.61
I 24/10/84 0133 0.0 0120 -0.06 0746 1.7 0756 1.61 I Water level curves plotted from the readings at each tide board appear in Figures 16 to 21. The actual data points are included to indicate the accuracy of each curve fit. Each reading is considered I accurate to within +/- 5 mm. Whilst the amplitude at each tide board is correct the relationship between them depends upon the accuracy of the I level datums and should be treated circumspectly. The tidal curves reproduced from the automatic recorders, including the Fort Denison gauge, are shown in Figures 22 to 34. I Although obvious discrepancies in the tide curve due to equipment malfunctions have been corrected (e.g. drift in the correctness of the time, drift of the baseline), the actual curve of the automatic I recorders have been reproduced as close as possible to the original. A composite graph of all synchronous water level curves for the Hawkesbury River is shown in Figure 3. Comparison of water levels for I the major tributaries are shown in Figures 4 to 7. Water levels recorded at Fort Denison are included on these graphs. I The tidal trace for the Webbs Creek automatic flood recorder should be used with caution as the last 0.2 m portion of the low tide had to be estimated, due to an equipment failure.
I Instantaneous tidal gradients for the Hawkesbury and its major tributaries have been plotted for the ebb and flood tides and appear in Figures 8 to 15. Also shown in broken lines are the water levels I at the time of tidal peak (high or low) at the ocean or confluence with Hawkesbury River (as appropriate). I I I II I - 12 -
Instantaneous tidal gradients between Wisemans Ferry and Windsor I for an ebb and flood cycle on the 20th December 1983 are shown in Appendix B. The tidal ranges were similar to those which occurred on the gauging days. The tidal gradients shown in Figures B2 and B3 I include tidal records from the Lower Portland recorder which was not operating on the 22/23 October 1984.
The tidal curves on Figure 3 show the amplification in tidal I ranges in the middle of the riVer, with Wisemans Ferry being approximately 15% greater than the ocean range. There is a marked reduction in the tidal range upstream of Windsor as the estuary I shallows along Freemans Reach. The tidal range at North Richmond, which is 141 kilometres upstream from the ocean entrance, is damped to approximately 20% of the ocean range. The tidal curves upstream of I Windsor show the elongated ebb and short flood tides typically associated with a reduction in tidal range A summary of the tidal lags for each location, related to Fort I Denison tides, is shown in Table 5.2. The tidal lag at the confluence with the Nepean and Grose Rivers is approximately 7.5 hours for high \. tide and 10.5 hours for low tide, after the ocean peak. At Windsor the tide is one half tidal cycle out of phase with the ocean tide (i.e. \ low water at Windsor occurs at the time of ocean high water). Recorded tidal lags can be delayed by the damping effect associated with I partially blocked orifices used in automatic recorders, e.g. this seems to have occurred in the Freemans Reach Flood Recorder. \ I TABLE 5.2 I SUMMARY OF TIDAL LAGS I I LAG (DELAY) HOURS LOCATION AFTER TIDAL PEAK AT FORT DENISON
j. HIGH LOW I 1st 2nd 1st 2nd Fitness Camp 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 Peats Ferry Bridge 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6 I Mooney Mooney 0.1 0.7 1.5 2.3 Bobbin Head 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.2 Spencer 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.8 I Lower Mangrove 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.4 TB6 1.7 2.0 5.9 6.2 Webbs Creek 1.8 2.1 2.0 2.4 Central MacDonald 2.8 3.0 5.1 5.4 I TB5 3.0 3.1 7.7 Colo 3.6 3.8 5 .1 5.4 TB4 3.8 4.0 6.6 I TB3 4.6 4.3 9.2 Windsor 5.4 6.1 6.8 7.5 Freemans Reach 7.1 7.3 9.5 9.7 I North Richmond 7.2 7.3 9.3 9.7 TB2 6.6 7.0 9.1 9.5 I TB1 7.4 7.7 10.7 10. 1 I I
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I 6. REFERENCES
1. Department of Lands, N.S.W. "Australian Height Datum I (AHD): Adoption of a new National Levelling Datum" March, 1 974 . I 2. Public Works Department, N.S.W. "Hawkesbury River _ Long Island 19.5.75, 29.4.75, 2.9.76, 9.9 . .76" Manly Hydraulics Laboratory, Report No. 339.
I 3. Public Works Department, N.S.W. "Hawkesbury River: Tidal Data - Vols. 1 & 11, 30 April, 29 May, 26 June and 20 August 1981. Manly Hydraulics Laboratory, Report I No. 369. PWD Report No. 86003.
4. Public Works Department, N.S.W. "Hawkesbury River Entrance I Tidal Discharge Measurement 6 October 1982" Manly Hydraulics Laboratory, Report No. 358. PWD Report No. 83004, November 1982.
I 5. Public Works Department, N.S.W. "Hawkesbury River Hydraulic and Sediment Transport Processes : Report No. 1 : Tidal Data Compilation: 1971 - 85"~ Report PWD No. I 87058 December, 1987.
6. Public Works Department, N.S.W. "Hawkesbury River I Hydraulic and Sediment Transport Processes : Report No. 3 : Upper Reaches Tidal Data; 2nd April, 1986". Report No. PWD 87060 December, 1987.
I 7. Public Works Department N.S.W. "Hawkesbury River Hydraulic and Sediment Transport Processes : Report No.9: Distribution of Bed Sediments ; Wisemans Ferry to Grose I River Confluence, March - April .1986. Report No. PWD 87066 December 1987. I 7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I The assistance of the following organisations who have supplied data relevent to the tidal measurements is acknowledged:
I Commonwealth Bureau of Meteorology - Meteorological data I N.S.W. Maritime Services Board -" Fort Denison Tide Gauge Records Metropolitan Water Sewerage and Drainage Board - Freshwater Inflow
I Department of Water Resources - Freshwater Inflow I I I I
I - 14 - I APPENDIX A TEMPORARY AUTOMATIC TIDE RECORDERS I EQUIPMENT AND OPERATIONAL DETAILS A list of the twelve temporary automatic recorders is shown in Table A1. Also included in this table is information on the type of I recorder and whether it was operating during the gauging exercise. I TABLE A1 TEMPORARY AUTOMATIC TIDE RECORDERS I LOCATED IN THE HAWKESBURY VALLEY Operating Conditions I Location Type During Gauging I Fitness Camp Fieldman No.2 Operational Bobbin Head Munro Recorder Operational I Berowra Waters Fieldman No. 2 Faulty readings - data discarded
Peats Ferry Fieldman No. 2 Operational I Mooney Mooney Munro Recorder Operational Lower Mangrove Munro Recorder Operational Spencer (Private) Pressure Sensor Operational I Wisemans Ferry Punchtape Fish~r & Porter Non-Operational Central MacDonald Fieldman No.2 Operational Lower Portland Fieldman No. 2 Non-Operational I Colo Punchtape Fisher & Porter Operational Windsor Fieldman No. 2 Operational I North Richmond Fieldman No. 2 Operational I I I I I I I I
I - 15 - I APPENDIX B TIDAL GRADIENTS FOR THE HAWKESBURY RIVER BETWEEN WISEMANS FERRY AND WINDSOR I 20TH DECEMBER 1983
During the gauging exercise the automatic flood recorder at I Sackville and the temporary tide recorder at Lower Portland were not operating. This left approximately 61 km of the total 143 km of the I Hawkesbury River without tidal records. The flood/ebb cycle on the 20th December 1983 was similar in baseflow conditions and range to the tides that occurred on the I gauging days. The recorded tides for both time periods at the Fort Denison recorder is shown below: I 20th December 1983 23/24 October 1984 TIME (EST) HEIGHT· (m) TIME (EST) HEIGHT· (m)
I 0150 0.20 1304 0.05 0810 1.72 1915 1 .61 I 1455 0.02 0120 -0.05 • Related to Fort Denison Gauge Zero. Comparison of water levels for three locations along the river I (including Lower Portland) and the Colo recorder appear in Figure B1.
Instantaneous tidal gradients for the Hawkesbury River during I the 20th December 1983 for the flood and ebb cycle are shown in Figures B2 and B3 respectively. These figures are to be used in association with Figures 8 and 9 to give an indication of the tidal I gradients between Wisemans Ferry and Windsor. I I I I I I I I I
I - 16 - I APPENDIX C LEVEL OF TIDEBOARD ZERO FOR AUTOMATIC RECORDERS I LOCATION TIDEBOARD ZERO I HRHD (m)
Fitness Camp -0.130 I Bobbin Head -0.160 Berowra Waters -0.065 Peats Ferry Bridge -0.640 I Mooney Mooney 0.170 Lower Mangrove -0.050 Spencer -0.230 Wisemans Ferry -0.730 I Central MacDonald -0.300 Colo 0.435 Windsor -0.285 I North Richmond 0.380 Webbs Creek 0.811 Sackville 0.897 I Freemans Reach 0.966
Note The levels above relate to the tide board zero at the time of I the gauging exercise. These levels may have varied over time due to a change or reset of the tideboard as a result of I vandalism or a sinking tideboard. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I PHOTO GRAPH 5 I I I I I I I I I I I I ------
location .nown on Flour' 2
PHOTOGRAPH 1: CONFLUENCE OF THE NEPEAN AND GROSE RIVERS LOOKING SOUTH-WEST 19th December 1984 ------
I ocati on shown on Figure 2
PHOTOGRAPH 2: NORTHERN END OF CLARKE ISLAND LOOKING TO THE NORTH 19th December 1984 I I I I I I I I I I FIGURES I I I I I I I I I I I I
I N I I I
Refer to Figure 2 for more detail LOWER MANGROVE
I MOONEY MOONEY
I SPENCER (Private Tide I Recorder) I I I I I BROKEN BAY
I NORTH RICHMOND BEROWRA I WATERS
LEGEND for more detail o TB1 Tideboard I Temporary Automatic Tide Recorder SCALE o ( Installed for Tidal Gradient Analysis) LOCATION OF TIDE BOARDS Ci.~!c====32.... .c4====~6 ...... 8km I Permanent Automatic Flood Recorders AND AUTOMATIC RECORDERS FIGURE 1 I I .p o I ~ NORTH RICHMOND I I I I. I I I AGNES I BANKS I I I I I I I I
I FIGURE 2 SCALE 1 : 25000 0~=-~_5£00=-~.E10~00m LOCATION OF TIDEBOARDS FOR I RICHMOND AND COLO SITES I ------1 Fort Denison 2 Peats Ferry Bridge 3 Spencer "! 4 Webbs Creek 5 Windsor '" 6 Freernans Reach 7 TB2 '" 8 TBI
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"T1 G> c COMPRRS10N OF WRTER L~VELS - LOWER HRWKESBURY RIVER 23/24 OCTOBER 1984. :0m ~ FIGURE 4 ------
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G) " COMPRR~ION OF WRTER I_EVELS - MRNGROVE CREEK 23/24 OCTOBER 1984. C JJ m 01 FIGURE 5 ------
1 Fort Denison ..: 2 Webbs' Creek 3 Central Macdonald '" 4 lB5
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; -4---.-·--1-- -- G)" COMPRRSION OF WRTER LlVELS - MRCDONRLD RIVER 23/24 OCTOBER 1984. C :0 m en FIGURE 6 ------ ~+ l~ ,... l \ 5 :- "':1• IiI ';\\ I;;;-..J ; ,/' 1 Fort Denison , ~ 2 Webbe Creek 1 ~ ...: r -1, .' T)" , ~ / r \ ,r/, ).. \ 1Il 3 Colo 4 TB4 J L-5_T_B3____ ~ o "'::;;::n I ~~ ~ Nm I ~ E - -,m < , ~ m W-.J , , '''--\ -..; 4 . ' >~ \ '\ Ul W ,\ 3' 3 ---1Ql I", " ' 0.. n:::: I \ I I W" I ;U t- , I I a: I I 0 3:10 " ,~ :J \ \ I j ,J' ! ,j Ie ~ 1'" /""'\ JU ;tn I rI. T ,,~ '" -I- I I I ,I ---t----t--+---+-~f_-+_-:::__:::_-;,_-___:.;____;:;_- -+- I 7 10 I J 12 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 u 2 TIME(HOURS) 'TJ G) cnMPARS[ON OF WATER LEVELS - COLO RIVER 23/24 OCTOBER 1984. ~ ...., FIGURE 7 ----- - ---.t: ------..0 .>< Q '2 a:'" E 0 e'" .~ .'" 0 ~ 0.. ~ :;; I!. .. 0 In ,,0 " 0 '" ~, '" E ..,In B l!! cat: "Q = "'0 CD'" CD '"~ '" '" I- -l- I!.'" ~ ;='" en Q.'" ~ 8& '''' =1 I I I High al r.~ , , ---- \9\6 ForI "" \900-- Denlson, ~ , ,ft -- , , , 'j'!aa' "" , " ------, ./ 1 .. Q.,rA , , , '''' , , , , ./ , , , ~ , , ~ --- , , 0- , , , D no::I" . , , ,-1 I- , , "rrt - , , ;;0 E - .- r ~ rrt r.- < rrt -1 r w~> . ;" W ~ 3 -1m ;" no:: I .~ ;;0 l-w" I a: 0 3", ;" ~+ ~ '" I -', / t;" ~ ~l I I ~~""l ~ / I L "!.,. , , -7', T" '" ------'1400 -:+ ""t' ----t, LowatT- 101'0 ForI 4 Denlso, , -I :LJ"J"",I""",J"""t+-5 5 15 15 .~, 45 55 65 75 65 95 105 115 125 135 145 [HRINRGE (k mJ FROM TIDRL LIMIT J] G) TIDRL GRRDIENTS RLONe THE HRWKESBURY RIVER. 23 OCTOBER 1984 - FLOOD TIDE FLOW AT HIE OC[mL C :0 m en FIGURE 8 .c 0 IV ,. Q '2 .. .. ,., E 0 - a: IV .!l ------..~ - -- - - t: - -- c -- -- ., 0 0 ~ c ~ u... .. IV 0 .. cO 0 .. .0 ., .. E .. C cat: '0 .0'" .. C :;; N ~ .. CD .. "0 Q CD 5 0u. ..~ III III ~ m '" ~ ~ '" m on on ~ ~ 0"':'" ~::lE Il I" :-'--j 0:::,..: "rn I ::u :-' E ~ 1 1- ,- 1 \\ ./ ./ ". "'"', """ ~I ~I '.... rn < rn --.l ,- W'"> . ;" ~ W 3 -.-1", OJ ...... 0::: I w~ .~ ::u l- I a: 0 3", '" "! :" q. ... "! ;,. J I I I"",~I N L --: 4++.... 11'" I" IIIIII11111,111111111111111111111111111111111111111111IIIIII11111111111 ~IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII' IIIIII111111111111111111111'11111 ~~I'f~¥~'1 ~ I -5 5 IS 75 3S 4S 55 6S 7S as 95 105 115 125 135 145 CHRINRGE (k m) FROM TIDRL LIMIT "T1 G) TIDRL LRRD I ENTS RUJW; THE HRWKESBURY RIVER. 23124 OCTOBER 1984 - EElEl TIDE FLOW AT PiE Ocr:WJ. C m:0 <0 FIGURE 9 ~ 0 ------~ -- - - 0 - -- -- c: ::;.. ~ to 0 .. c: CD ~ m 0 Q.. I- -' CI) :t ------______~--- I t; ~ I ------____ ro40 I v ~ ~ ---,;.;; -1 '.""-" t; '" 1900 ~ ~ "'::<: o- n IN :--1 ll':-= "rn I ;;0 1800 -,:- E - rn -< / rn ---' / , '-1-1> '". ;" W 3 ---'", <.~ cr:: ::r: W~ 'v ;;0 I-- ::r: IT CJ ~~ ;" "! ;" q. ... "! '" ": ~ :.. low al Spencer 1433 . I I I I I. I I I I I I I I I I----f I I I.· :Lr--, 21 22 -5 -4 .. ; .. 2 -I 0 5 6 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2l 24 25 CHRrNRGE (k m) FROM T86 JJ G) C TIDRL r;RRDIENTS IN MHNGROVE CREEK. 23 OCTOBER 1984 - FLOOD TIDE FLOW. ::0 m ..... o FIGURE 10 I .... w a: I ::::> C!:l I u:: WRTER LEVEL (ml HRHO . 1.9 1.6 1.' 1.6 1.5 I.' 1.3 1.2 1.1 .9 .6 , .6 .5 .' .3 .2 ., 0 -.1 ~ I N N- ~ I N N N I -N 0 N 10 i -"c: c: I 10 "10 ~ 0. 0. tJ) tJ) i i ~ &: ~ 0 ...J 3: I ~ ::: 0 J90uedS -1 , I, I.e.. ol 1('1) !:! ... ' .. .. 8 .. Q. ,(') .. .. S! .. LJ..J "" , E ~ '" 0 I , '" - :!/ i:! ~ ...-. , , I- , : CD , c.D CD CD LJ..J I ~ I- ~ ~ 0 ' I- I I I I I I I I I I , g., , ., ,., ,., 6· 9· ,. ,. 1· ,. I: I Z 6·' a·, ., 5·' I·' s· S· 0 r"- OHtlH [Wl l3113l d31tJM I FIGURE 11 I - -- " - - - -~. ------8 >< 0 Q> ..~ ::;'" 0 iii .. .0 ~ .0 m'" I: .. I- 0.. ~ ",I ______------~ ~~ High at Webbe Creek I~ k>;j- 2000 J l; ~1 / I 1 '" / ~1 r ----- '" oI- ;"IJ n::: ~I .~ r~--l IN _fTI \ T ~~ :::u :"'fTI -E ~1- < -l_ -,fTI W \ ~ ~ r' > lj "l T ~\\ I ~ T ~ 3 o::~ ----- oo.I W I- ::u IT ~. I ?- ~D 1190 ~ ;,. "! ;" ~. ... "! ·----,~600 t .... ------tSg.:,. "!t I low at Webbs Creek [ MacDonatd River E Hawkesbury River .. I----I----J 1 1 1 I: 1 -5 -7 -I 0 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 CHRINRGE (k m I FROM TB5 "TI § TIDRL GRRDIENTS IN THE MRCDONRLD RIVER. 23 OCTOBER 1984 - FLOOD TIDE FLOW. m ..... N FIGURE 12 "0 ------(ij - C ------0 0 -" ..U Q> ::0 5 (ij .. D 1: D C TN '"In I- ~ ~ ",I ______m __ __ w, __, ..... _. "'... I~ ------. 2200 ~t I/~' l; ~ ~.- J I~ ------t~ I ..; 0:::0=1 r~"Il-l IN _fT1 \ ~~ ~J ::::0 :"fT1 ~E -~ t ~. < -1_ \\~ -,fTI W I ~ :> r' W"'t -I' '.I ""-...... ""-.. T ~ 3 0:::" W' '"I ;;0 I--- I a: ~, 3 ~D "! ;" "! ;" .~ ; t .. "'~~ "! V Low at Webbs Creek T ., ,,~ -: MacDonald River Hawkesbury River +:.. ., . I I I 10 -3 . , -I 3 5 6 7 9 10 12 0 " CHRINRGE (kmJ FROM TB5 "T1 G) C TIDRL GRRDIENTS IN T~I[ MRCDONRLD RIVER. 23/24 OCTOBER 19B4 - EBB TIDE FLOW. :0 m ...... (.0) FIGURE 13 ------'" aQ)" nIn n.. ~ High at Webbs Creek r '" :- :- :- ~ :n~ -I fTl ,,;:0 -, fTl < ,fTl 3 wI ;:0 I ~D ;" ;" ... '" ~I " ,/§q3, L Low at Webbs Creek , . Colo River 0(" > Hawkesbury River " 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 C~tRINRGE [kmJ FROM TIoRL .LIMIT :!! G) C TIom i;RROIENTS If'! lilE COLO RIVER. 23 OCTOBI:R 198[1 - FLOOD TIDE FUW. :n m ...... ~ FIGURE 14 ------1 ~ 0.. .0 0 '0 ~ ~. ~ 0 3: :I I 2\\!LI High at I", - - - - Webb. Creek ",I I\...... 1 2200 ------I", ~ "' --- ~ t~ I"; ;"IJ o ~1 -l 0::: r~_fTl Io: I\~ .. ~I ~ ~ N:::O r E -:! II... ~ ~ """--... fJOnn +_:'fTl < fTl ~ t- r g I'""'" -'. " Wm-1 ------1 . I -~ ~ ~ T"' 3 0:::" W· "'I :::0 t- . I u: ~. :-: ~O ~ ;" ~ ;" ~. -----~"~I [ .... -...... , Colo River Hawkesbury River - +:. :! 01:'0 low at -1 Webbs Creek 01 I I I· --- -5 0 S 10 15 20 25 30 3S 40 CHRINRCE (kml FR~M TIDRL LIMIT J] G) TIDRL GRRDIENTS IN THE C~LO RIVER. 23/24 ~CT~BER 1984 - EBB TIDE FL~W...... ~ U1 FIGURE 15 I I'-..,... I UJc: ~ 0 u:: I WRTER LEVEL (m) HRHD 1.9 1.8 1.' 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.2 1. t .9 .6 .7 .6 .5 .4 .5 .2 .1 ~ I ~ = I ~ '" I '" I "' I V> '" 0 Z 0 I L :c: u a:: I ·0 :c: I- a:: '" (jj '" a:: 0z :::J I '" 0 '" :c: N w N L 0 o ~ a:: I "'I- a: 0 ~ (IJ u..J 0 ~ ...... I I- ~ ~ !2 CO I 0; ~ a:: u..J :: (IJ I 0 '- . -'"I- ~\ i c .l.~ I- ~ I N "- N""I = N ~ (jj I -i W '" > eLl T ~ I a:: u..J l- a: I I I I I I I I :=: , , . I 6·' s·, <"I 9·1 5 ·1 ., ,·1 ,., 1"1 6· S· 9· S· ,. z· l:a OHtlH (W) l3t\3l tl3HJM I FIGURE 17 I I ..-GO UJc: I :::> C!:)u:: I \1RTER LEVEL (m) HRHD 1.9 1.3 I.' 1.& I.S I.' 1.3 1.2 1.1 .9 .0 . , .& .5 . , . J .2 .\ C :::: I ~ I = == '" I t ~ L I '" (f1 "- I ::J 0 -1 0 u c a::: I w '" ~ CL N Ul CL a::: ::J N::J I NO I r"l "W ::;: Cl NI-c - a::: I IT 0 CD ~ w Cl ~ I -f- ~- o::t" (f1 I -1 t== W TO> > i I..Ll _, x. a::: I w f- IT I I I I I I I 3: ~ &. ~. L I & ·1 e·I <"I 9·1 S ·1 • '1 ·1 Z "\ \'1 s· c 9' s· .. l' I' a OHtJH ( UJ ) T3A3l tJ31t1M I FIGURE 18 I I 0)..... UJ a: I :::> "u:: I WRTER LEVEL (m) HRHO 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 ,9 ,8 7 ,6 ,5 , , ,3 ,2 ,I a 1 I ::; I :: = I e '" I '" ~ I "' I "' .., c.n "- 0 I 0. 0 -.J 0 u 0 I 0::: i...!J .., 0... 0. c.n 0... 0::: :=J N:=J I NO :I: q NW ::;: 0 0 ...... 0::: I 0. L- a: 0 ~ a:J W 0 ~ ...... I f- !::: q ~ OJ I Ol ~ 0::: i..L.J :: a:J I 0 f- -'"I- u 0 -! ,." 1- <:7 I N "- Ni N c.n I -.J W > l:I i..i..J ~ '" I 0::: uJ f- a: I I I I I I I ::: 6 'I S', et g't S't , 't I .. t l't t't 6' S' e g' 5 ' , ' Z' t' I:0 I " OHt:lH (W) l3113l t:l31tJM I FIGURE 19 I I 0 C\I w c: I :::> CJ iI I WRTER LEVEL (ml HRHD 1.9 l.a 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 "9 "a "7 "6 "S " 4 "3 "2 G "' :::! I ~ = I ~ I F I !: I 0::: '" LlJ > I 0::: 0 ---.J a: 0 z 0 I 0 ",- u "'Ul a: 0::: ::;: ",:::J ""0 I :r: lJl NLlJ ::;: 0 0- 0::: "'I- a: I 0 ~ CD LlJ 0 ~ I l- e:: q "' en I 01 0::: i..l.J CD 0 I I- L..) \~ IS 1:! ("'"j"'" I ...... 1- /'II N Ul ---.J I LlJ j: > L!J I t ~ 0::: I i..l.J I- a: I I I I I I I I :=: g"t , "I f"t Z"t I"t 6" S" g" 5" , " Z" t:0 I 6"t S"t Ct S"t ," ," OHtlH ( UJ 1 l:3t\:3l tl:31tJI>' I FIGURE 20 I I .... C\J UJ a: I ::> CJ u::: I WRTER LEVEL (m) HRHD 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.6 I.S I.' 1.5 1.2 I.t .9 .6 . , .6 .5 . , .5 .2 .t S ~ I ~ = I ~ '" I '" -.... I "' I "' ::c: '" w W I N Ct:: u LLJ > 0 18 I Ct:: <..:J "'~ z N(j") a: Ct:: ::E: N::l ND I :r: NW tD ::E: Cl o ~ 0::: I Nf- a: 18 ~ o::J W Cl ~ ~ I f- ::: ~ ""CJ I Ol ~ Ct:: W :! o::J I 18 '- u r c I (-....; ...... """ N"., (j") I j: -! W > I'" ~ -+ a::: I - I 0::: w..J L f- I c: I I I I I I I I I .. 3 g·t •• I ~·1 g. ,. I 6-1 S·1 £"1 5·1 Z"I I-I 6· S· S· >. Z· t- e OH~H (W) l3113l ~31tJM i I FIGURE 21 ! I I C\I C\I w a: I ::::> c:l I u:: WRTER LEVEL (m) HRHD 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 101 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 ° • 0' ...t I ;: io I I: ! i" I "- I j: I I 0 ., I N N N 0::: U1 i..LJ NO::: 0 I :=J 0::: 0 0 i'lI U i..LJ W 0::: ~::c I Z I- 0 ~ U1 z ~ i..LJ I 0 ~ l- 0::: 0 I ~ LL :: 0::: i..LJ ~ en I 0 I- .joN U 1- 0 -- I ~"'" ...... r-n I: N U1 I ....J i..LJ > :.w E ....J I 0::: i..LJ '" l- a: ;;3 ~Ot go lO to '" I 6 0' SOt £", gOt SOt ,Ot lO, ,Ot 6° SO £" 5° ~ ° a r- OHtlH ( W) l3i\3l tl31tlfi, I FIGURE 22 I I CI") C\J ill a: I ::> c:l I I.J... WRTER LEVEL (m) HRHO z 1.9 1.6 I.' 1.6 1.5 I.' 1.3 1.2 1.1 ,9 ,6 ,6 ,5 ' , ,3 , . ,I -..l I ;: ;: I '" '" I "- '" I "' I 0::: I W 0 0::: '" 0 u ~ W I N 0::: N W N 0 Ul NO::: ;-- I =:J CL 0 :z I'iI cr: w u ~:z I Ul ;- Ul ~ W , z I- ~ I LL '" -::r ,I CO t: W- ~= 0::: i...L..! :0 I t~ 0 '- I" ;.....,; T - C) I -,-- '" I i C'< " ""N Ul -' I w I: > i '--'-' T ' - I 0::: W l- cr: I I I I , :;0: " ' , 1: 6'1 8'1 £'1 9', S', , ,'I Z" 6' 8' g' S' , , Z' 0 r'- I '" " OH~H (W) T3i\3l ~31tJM I FIGURE 23 I I v C\I W 0: I ::> (!) I u:: WRTER LEVEL (m) HRHO 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 I.' .9 .8 . , .0 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 0 ,..j I = :: I '" I I E I I 0:: i.J.J 0 [0 0:: 0 ~ U I N i.J.J 0:: N N W (f1 0 NO:: I =:l I- 0 0 ~:r: a: w i.J.J I ~~ :r: I- Z ~ CD CD ~ 0 I CD ~ ~ -"' CD I Cl 0:: I: i.J.J - ~ CD I 0 >- 1: ~ I 1= I ! "::-"-1 '- t', N (f1 I --.J W > :..!..J r~ , I : 0:: ~ i.J.J l- a: I I I I I I I ::= 1:'- 0" g', g', 5', , ., ,., l', ,., O· g' g' S· f' Z· ,. , I C[ C " 0 OHtlH (ill) l::JfI::Jl tI::Jll:W I FIGURE 2.4 I I 1.0 C\J w a: I => CJ I iI WRTER LEVEL (ml HRHO 1.9 loB 1.7 1.5 1.5 I.' 1.3 1.2 1.1 09 oB 07 05 05 ° • 03 ° • 01 0 -..1 I :: :: I '" I L'" I "' 0::: I i..J..J 0 0::: 0 u W I 0::: c w 0 ~ l- I N i..J..J N c..:J N 0 r..n ;::0::: 0::: I ::J CD 0 ~I >- 0::: W 0::: W I ~::;: u.. I- ~ r..n I- a: ~ w I Q... "' I: CO'" I 01 n:: '...1..J I:,- c:J e I ~ iN , I- e .l = I ::---..:" ""- r 0:: i..LJ I 0 0:: 0 0 u i..LJ 0:: I N'" W N N 0 (f1 l- I N a::: . :::J >-- 0 i..LJ ~:r: z 0 w 0 I ~::c ::c I- >-- ~ i..LJz 0 0 I ~ ::c ~ ~ "" I --C"l ! 0:: ~ ~ c:J I c ~ 1. <- I - , c I T = '. '-...... 'l N r.r I ...J W J: w> -J I 0:: l.Lc cr: I I I I I I I I I :=: , '1 ,'1 ;::"I , . £ • ,. I l 6 '1 B'1 CI 9'1 S'1 l"t 6' B' S· S' l' I: OHdH (W) TlA3l d31tJM I FIGURE 26 I I l"'- C\I w a: I :::> CJ I u::: WRTER LEVEL (m) HRHO 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 ,9 ,6 ,6 ,5 ,4 ,3 ,I I.' ' . -...l I ;: ~ I '" I "' I "' 0::: I i..LJ U z: i..LJ CL I c.n l- e CI 0::: i..LJ I '"N 0 0::: N 0 N U c.n i..LJ ;:;0::: 0::: I =:J 0 i..LJ ~:r: Cl i..LJ I- ~:L I i..LJ l- I-- ~ CI > :::: 0::: I CL ~ <:r ~ CO I C1 =' 0::: W ::: CO I 0 l- I: L'c I ("J'" 1- '- Nl ["i c.n I -! i..LJ > c:.J r ~ I 0::: i..LJ l- CI I I I I I 3 B'I ,'I 9'1 S'I , 'I , 'I Z "1 \'1 6' ' rE '- 6 'I S' 9' S' , I' I <' " 0 OHtlH ( UJ 1 l3A3l tl31tJM " I FIGURE 27 I I co C\J L.U I a: ::> I "u:: WRTER LEVEL (m) HRHO 1.9 1.8 L/ 1.6 1.5 I.' 1.3 1.2 1.1 .9 .8 .6 .5 .. .3 .2 ..1 0 I = ;: I '" I " I I 0::: W 0 I 0::: 0 u 0 w 0::: ~ I N W 0 N N I- c.n I NO::: W ~ > 0 0 0- N ..!.. 0::: t..:J W z: ~::;: a: I ::;: I- 0::: ~ w c:: 0=== I .-I !e ~ CO""" I m . 0::: W I: CO I 0 l- 1:!- ~ 0 -I - I ('"""" '- 1: t') I- N c.n I .-I W > \: l...l..; L .-I I I 0::: W l- a: I I I I I I I , "i , . , ·t . 1: === e·t 9·t s·t , ,·t g' . , I 6 '1 l't 6' s· s' . l' t" OHClH (W) l3!13l Cl31tJM I FIGURE2B I I 0') C\J UJc: I ::::> I "0::: WRTER LEVEL (m) HRHD 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.1 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 oj e I , , , 1: I l: I - ~ L I j: I 0::: W 0 a::: 0 u I W 0::: 0 w 0 ~ I N f- N 0 N -.! (J1 a: ;;0::: Z I ::::l 0 0 0 u ~:r: a: w :L ~:L I -.! f- a: ~ 0::: f- Z ::: i..l.J I U '" q c:J I I: m cr: ~ OJ I f: 0 1 r,; ,- Li , ~ I :: I .,~ '- r-r! ('-J (J] I j: -.! W ,'"I > I LL1 I T" -.! I a::: l..!.J L f- a: , I~ ~ I 6 °1 eo' L'i go, 5°' ,0 ( ,0' 2 °t '0' 6° So go So >° ,0 '0 e OHtlH (W) l~i\~l tI~ll::J~\ I FIGURE 29 I I 0 M W a: I :::> I '" I 0 I '" 0::: i..LJ '" 0 (f1 0::: NO::: 0 I :=I U 0 i..LJ ~I 0::: i..LJ i..LJ I ~::;: 0 f- f- !! 0 -.J ~ 0 I u ~ ~ "'"CO I en :: 0::: L.J..J ~ CD I 0 f- ~N 1- 0 L!- I N"" :: t'!'l N" '" (f1 I -.J L1.J '" > ~ - I 0::: ~ l- a: I I I I I 3 " E 6 " CI g', 5 " , i °i /'1 1'1 6' S' 9' ' ~" "" I e', C s- . " OH~H (W) l3i\3l ~311::fM I FIGURE 30 I I -('I') UJ a: I :::> CJ I u: WRTER LEVEL [m) HRHO I.g 1.6 1.' 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 ,g ,6 , , ,6 ,5 ,4 ,3 ,2 01 0 I I I I l: 1" I \ ~ I I I:~ N I c 0::: ~~ W I 0 0::: N a N u Cf) L.:..J NO::: 0::: I :::J 0 W ~I: 0 w I- ~:c I 0::: I- a ~ Cf) 0z I ~ ::: ~ ~V>,- c::!'" I I~ ~, 0::: W 1: m 0 I 1- l- u 0 I"~ - - <:t N I "- ''''N r..!l j: -i I w TO> > I - t ' CL I L w a: I , I I I I Iv> ::: 6'1 eOI CI gOI 5 °1 , °1 ~01 lOI 1'1 6' e' C 9' 5' , ' l' I' I OHClH (W) l3t\3l Cl31tJM " I FIGURE 31 I I C\I ('I) w ex: I ::::> C!:lu:: I WRTER LEVEL (m) HRHD I.g I.B 1.' 1.6 I.S 1.' 1.3 1., I.' .g .B . , .5 .5 . , .3 .. .. :::; I N = I ~ r I 1: I Iw I '" ., 0::: w 0 0::: I 0 U w 0::: Q W I 0 ., ~ >-< N(f1 f- 0::: N::::J 0 NO Z I :c 0 ::;: NW :c ::;: U Q >-< N}- I 0::: :c f- 0::: I z0 ~ CJ I I~ C1 j: 0::: LL! CD 0 I '- -'"r ~ 1- c ~:: I ~ t :"-....: I '-.. N'"" (f1 -1 I ): W > L, ~, I I 0::: I w f- a: I I I I I 3: 6" B" <'I g', S" , " " Z', 6' B' g' S' Z· t , "I I " " OH~H (W) l3A3l ~311:JM I FIGURE 32 I I C') C') w a: I ::> I "u:: WRTER LEVEL (m) HRHD 1.9 I.e I.' 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 I., 09 08 , 06 05 04 03 02 01 0 I I I I 1: I r I I: r I 1: 0:: I W 0 0 0:: 0 u ~ W I N 0:: N 0 N 0 tf1 0 NO:: -..l I :::l LL 0 ::.::: ~I w w w ~:.: 0:: I U I- ~ tf1 CIl CIl ::: W I 3: ",;- a:J m I .-\: 0:: UJ 1: CIl I 1- 0 ,- -i- ~ ~. i, <;J" T, = N I 10 "- ,.r) N tf1 I -..l W FT'" > ! eL', ;- r'-. I I a::: L I..lJ l- I a: I I I I I., 3: 6°' eo, <"I 9°' S°' ,0' ,0' Z °t tOt 6° So <" 9° S° • ° ,0 ZO 1° 0 I OHtlH (W) l::!i\::!l tl3ltJM I FIGURE 33 I I v (I') UJ a: I :::> CJ u::: I WRTER LEVEL (m) HRHD I.g 1.6 1.' 1.6 1.5 I.' 1.~ 1.2 1.1 .g .s .6 .5 .3 .2 .1 N I = :: I '" '" I ~. <:r N I r "- N) N (f] ---l I W > w 1:1", a:: I w t~ ~ cr: I I I I I I I I I I I .. 3: , g", Z", 6" g" 5" , . z· 0 6"' a"' ., 5"' , "' ,", 1"1 a" ," ," I OHClH ( w 1 l31\3l Cl311:J~' I FIGURE 34 ------ !'" N 1 Wisemans Ferry 2 Lower Portland 3 Colo '" .. Windsor '" ;" V, ~ o ::E: 3 :0 I~ --l 0::: • "'rn I ;u E ",rn < -.J 2 rn W , > - LLJ -.J", 3 0::: '" Wm :r: f- . "' ;u a: :r: 3~ CJ ;" '" -t~-~I ··-j------t---+-----f------+ I---+--+'--+'--"'--"'---l'--+-~I---+--I---+--+---+-.-+---<--+---If--+--I---~--+-- Jo o 1 J 3 4 5 fi 9 10 11 J2 13 14 IS 16 17 IB 19 20 21 22 23 a 5 6 TIME(HOURS) 11 G) c ::n C(Jr1PRW, ION OF WRTEr~ It VELS - IIRlvKESBURY RIVER 20 DECEMBER 1983. m ro ....A FIGURE B"i I C\.I co I UJex: :::> I CJu: WRTER LEVEL (m) HRHD 1.9 1.8 1.' 1.6 1.5 I.' 1.5 1." 1.1 09 08 ° , 06 05 0' 05 02 01 0 I ~ 0 .. ..c: c: 1i~ 1i~ ~.CD ~ DO ~ a:~ 0- CD I :U: ..J~'" "''" .w9~ SUl!WeS!M , 0,0 ~11S -.\~ c I '" :3 c ~ I..c.. I "' "' w..J 0 f- 0 I 0 "' C 0 ~ w u- ~ t.:I I 0 PIJl!IUOd J8M01 ...... Cl:: ron CO CO 01 ;> Cl:: I 0 c.n Cl:: 0 i..LJ CO z ::;:: "' :3 i..LJ I '" U ::;:: W 0 0 Cl:: U- 0 0 N I '" E .0.< 0:: W > "'N W I t.:I 0:: a: >-- z 0:: 0 a: =' N I G:' I U en i..LJ x: :3 a: I ~ I i..LJ , I I - Z \ \ " \ ~o f- Z , W I I I 0 \~ a: ' \ ::c '. \ \\ ~ JOSPU!M I I a:--.J + 0 I I I I I L, ~ I 6°1 SO, C' go, S°' ,0' f 0' /·0' '0' 6° So go 5 ° , ° ,0 1° ," 0 OHtlH (W) l3t\3l tl31tlM I FIGURE 82 I 1! ~ ------co - - - --.t --- - t 0 l!! (; Q. ~ E "0 '"CD "'c: ; 0 ~ ...J ~"' NT High at Wisemans '" Ferry m w ~ ~ "' m ~ ~ ~ oI"': ;':0 ~1 r~---l ~ '~ _rn ~: =-~,----- ~ ~ ~,.,- I ~.1 :;0 !- , E -:! --...... --...... """'--... 1 :"rn < _J _ + w ~ ""I'-. ~ t- ~ > W"'t ~ . " ---...... "'-... "-. - T"' 3 oo::~ wI W :::0 f- . I ~. a: ~D "3 "! ;" "! ;" ~. .~ "! "'-...z~n ;. N . ""i'o.',Q j LoY( at +;.., ,,+--1--1--1--,.1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , I , , , , , , , , , , I , , I , , , , I , I , , , J , I I , , , , , I , , , , , , , , , ,',i, ~!~~a,n~ I: -s 0 5 to 15 20 25 30 35 '0 '5 50 S5 60 65 70 CHRINRGE Ikml FROM WINDSOR BRIDGE ::!J G) e TIDRL CRRDIENTS I N TilE HR\vKESBLJRi RIVER. 20 DECEMBER 1983 - EBB TIDE FLOW. :II m CD w FIGURE 83