NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 10, Oct. -2020 VIEWS ON THE LEVEL OF STUDY OF THE LIFE AND WORK OF SIDDIQUI AMAZE

AVULOVA NARGIZA TOXIROVNA Doctoral student of the and literature department of Samarkand State University E-mail: [email protected] phon: +99891 2280880

Annotation: time in 1964 at the initiative of Rasulkhan has a number of great Khodizoda. It can be said that no special geniuses. The works written by them and research has been conducted by Tajik literary inherited by us have been passed down from critics about this skilled and talented poet. generation to generation without losing their Sadriddin Ayni was one of the first to significance for centuries. However, during his inform the scholars about the poet. It is worth short life, he did not study all the peculiarities mentioning that S. Ayni was a close friend, of the life and work of Siddiqi Hayrat, a colleague and companion with Hayrat. contemporary of the master poet Sadriddin Sadriddin Aini spoke about Hayrat and his Aini, known as a master of his time. Because artistic image in his memoirs, starting with his the poet's manuscripts were scattered until the "Namunai adabiyoti tojik" ("Samples of Tajik fifties. For the first time, on the initiative of literature"), "Yoddoshtho" ("Memoirs") and Rasulkhan Khodizoda, the first collection of many other articles. Hayrat's poems was compiled. This article Sadriddin Ayni says about the poet in deals with the life of the poet, his creative his book "Namunai adabiyoti tojik": "Hayrat is activity and the creation of his office, as well as one of my humble companions. But because of the subtleties of his poetry, the poetic skill of his talent and love for literature, he rose to the the poet. level of a teacher at an early age. It is unfortunate that the owner of the dod passed KEY WORDS: Devon, S.Ayniy, R.Khodizoda, away at a young age (at the age of twenty- ghazal, satire, tazkira seven). Otherwise, this supernatural force could have created geniuses in the world of INTRODUCTION: literature. Over time, seeing that the poet was Hayrat is one of the most talented poets able to understand the essence of literature of the late XIX - early XX centuries, who has a and its laws, Ayni's respect for Hayrat special place in the history of Tajik literature increased. This can be seen in his words in with his sincere and meaningful poetry. It Memoirs. “- At the first meeting, I noticed that should be noted that until recently, not all he was very talented and knowledgeable, and I aspects of the life and work of think that the leader of the poetry I was looking Muhammadsiddiq Hayrat have been for among the great poets and poetesses of that sufficiently studied. Research in this area has time was Hayrat. He was my age and a been limited. The fact that the poet's works classmate in a madrassa. But from that day on, I have not yet been studied in detail can be chose him as my teacher. ” explained by the lack of a critical text and It is clear from Ayni's sincere thoughts manuscripts of his poems. The first collection that Hayrat was not only a talented poet and a of Hayrat's poems was compiled for the first diligent student, but also one of the most 206 | P a g e

NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 10, Oct. -2020 prominent literary critics of his time. His name Ki shoyad on pariro` az sari sho`xi zanad was in keeping with his personal qualities, sangam.” image and talent. Literary critic S.Khojakulov says about S. Ayni's views on Hayrat: It is TRANSLATION: necessary to acknowledge the description of I am terrified of ignorance and Ayni and R. Khodizoda about this writer and ignorance, from knowledge to kindness, from his literary heritage. ". Hayrat has a special wisdom and hatred in the name of shame in place in the literature of the period with its war, Friend, do not ask for astonishing unique style and taste, pure ideas, new creative information. "Imitation of reason is the enemy spirit, unique talent and vision. Although he did of my honor and culture, This stone may touch not make a serious and complete change in this my head." process as a poet, but the continuation of the The main sources in the study of the life and best traditions of classical Persian-Tajik work of this talented writer are his artistic literature, the preservation of its pure lines, the heritage, scientific and literary sources of the rich depiction of his poems, the its content, its time, in particular, several special chapters of representation of the best aspects of the artistic Ayni's "Memoirs", which are important for and literary process, is of special recognition understanding the artistic image of the poet. , it with features such as the period reflecting a is acknowledged to be his commentaries and special state of creative influence. memoirs. . Hayrat became a well-known poet in the The portrait of Hayrat is described in literary environment of in the late Ayni's Memoirs as follows: ) his nickname was 19th century. One day, Sharifjon-Makhdum, so appropriate to him that I was astonished to one of the famous scholars of the time, see him, and thought of the meaning of his informed Sadri Ziyo about the talent of Ayni nickname in this full-fledged relationship with Hayrat. Sharifjon-Makhdum Hayrat, in order to the poet. ". Ayni's words in Memoirs show that test his poetic talent, ordered him to finish his Hayrat was a humble, simple, curious and father's ghazal. The next day, Hayrat finished sincere artist, despite his high potential and the muhammad for the ghazal and handed it poetic talent. At the same time, Sharifjon over to Ayni to deliver to Sharifjon-Makhdum. Makhdum Sadri Ziyo is a person who made a Aini says: “Seeing this, Sharifjon-Makhdum worthy contribution to the emergence of admired Hayrat's skill and considered him one Hayrat on the literary scene. Sadri Ziyo's yard of the most unique creators of the time.” Here is one of the prominent centers of Bukhara's are two verses from this muhammad: literary environment. Every week, Bukhara Rafiqi vahshatam, az donishu ulfat ba poets and literary enthusiasts gathered there farsangam, for poetry readings and discussions. Hayrat Xirad dastu girebonam, ba nomu nang dar also took part in these literary gatherings and jangam, honed his creative skills. Mapurs, ey do`st, az tahqiqi holi Hayrat studied the history of classical hayratohangam, Persian and Tajik literature, studied the rules “Ba taqlidi chunun z-on dushmani nomusu of poetry and poetry. Although Hayrat was the farhangam same age and classmate as Ayni, Ayni called Hayrat a teacher because of his extraordinary 207 | P a g e

NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 10, Oct. -2020 abilities and knowledge. It was Ayni who give it to me," he says. But two months after introduced the poet Sharifjon-Makhdum to one Hayrat's death, his brother also dies. of the noble people. For this reason, Hayrat His literary legacy is small, as he left this meets famous people, poets and scientists and world at the same stage of development. learns from them about the subtleties of However, this legacy of the poet is not science, culture and poetry. We can see the summarized in his notebooks and sketches. influence of Ahmad Donish's work "Navodir-ul- After the poet's death, Sadriddin Aini and vakoe" on the rise of Hayrat's creativity, the Munzim Hayrat managed to collect scattered expansion of his views and ideas. poems in the form of devons from his The poet stays in bed in the winter of notebooks and some collections of his relatives. 1901 - refusing to go to school and meet Even this one desk of the poet did not appear friends. Hayrat lived in the lowest room of the for a long time. Only in the early 60s, the poet's smallest and narrowest Suzangaron madrasah written legacy was found at the Institute of in Bukhara. Regarding Hayrat and the Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of condition of the room in which he lived, S. Ayni . Devon consists of continental, rubai, writes: “I saw Hayrat's life in a room with poem, quartet, ghazal, qasida and other poetic nothing but tea and bread, and I found this samples, totaling 2447 bytes. situation disastrous for the poet. I was crying. Literary scholar R. Khodizoda writes in But I was not able to help him. That's why I the foreword to Hayrat's selected poems: “In talked to Hayrat's close friends Abdukhalil- early 1951, under the initiative and guidance of Makhdum, Ahmadjan-Makhdum and Mirza S. Ayni, I began to study the Tajik literature of Abdulvahid about this situation and told them the XIX and XX centuries. I began my research all. ”. In this difficult situation, his guardian and by studying the manuscripts of the Firdavsi guardian friends were especially Sadriddin State Library (currently the manuscripts of this Aini. Hayrat died of the disease in July 1902. library, collected until 1954, are preserved only According to Sadriddin Aini, his body was in the manuscripts of the Department of buried near the Talipoch Gate, on Chorbakr Oriental Studies and Literary Heritage of the Road, in the cemetery of his grandfather’s Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan). In a short grandparents. time I was able to review all the manuscripts After Hayrat's death, his fame grew relating to the literature of this period. For this during his lifetime. During his lifetime, he was reason, I have neglected and superficially praised only by his friends, but after his death, considered many manuscripts that are not anyone interested in literature became directly related to my subject. In the meantime, interested in his work. Amir Abdullah Khan, I came across the inscription “Devoni Hayrat” who described himself as a poet, was also which was written on sheets of paper of the interested. He orders Qazikalon Badriddin to manuscript.From my inexperience, I thought find Hayrat's poems and deliver them to him. that these manuscripts were written in recent After that, Kozikalon calls Ayni to his house and years. Poems were written randomly on the asks him to hand over Hayrat's poems to him. devon, and nicknames were not even "I don't have any of Hayrat's poems. Everything mentioned in many of the poems. Somewhere a he wrote was in his brother's hands. He didn't poem by Shavkat Bukhari appeared. After studying this manuscript, I was reminded of 208 | P a g e

NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 10, Oct. -2020 the chapter "Heritage of literary wonder" in Researcher R.Khodizoda, first of all, Ayni's Memoirs. compares all the poems of Hayrat in Ayni's Literary critic R. Khodizoda adds to "Sample literature Tajik" and "Memories" with Ayni's comments in his Memoirs: under which the text of the devon. All the wonderful poems many low poems were quoted. Therefore, of Hayrat quoted by S. Ayni in his works were researchers should not accept a meaningless in this divan. Only one byte and one satirical poem under the pseudonym "Wonder" without poem were not found in the devon. The reason any research, first make sure that each poem is why these two poems were not included in the the property of Wonder, compare them and devon then come to a decision. “Esdalikalar” asaridan anglashimiz The scholar, who did not read the Devon mumkin. Bayt: from beginning to end, thinks that it is a Chu nasozi zi shafat budani Ergash soze? manuscript compiled with poems and ghazals Tu, ki Iskandari badro`y, xushovoz of other poets. Like many other manuscripts far shavi! removed from the scholar's own research TRANSLATION: work, he wrote this devon in a corner of his How can you not be happy that Ergash is notebook and did not attempt to study it. a mediator? You evil face, Alexander, if you are Researcher R.Khodizoda says: “S.Aini kind! spoke sadly about Hayrat and his lost office in Surprisingly, this byte was said by accident and almost every conversation. His words always may not have been entered into the devon evoked a feeling of friendship, love and sincere because it was not written anywhere. gratitude to Hayrat. Another humorous poem was written During the interview, I quoted the about Abdullahhoja Abdi, a poet and writer manuscript and said, "It's a pity that Hayrat's who was very arrogant in the late 19th and poems are missing in this collection." early 20th centuries. Ayni quotes a few verses After that, R.Khodizoda begins to collect from it in his Memoirs: Hayrat ghazals from scattered collections. From two to three years he collected many Ey har xami dastoni tu bozori kalova! poems and poems of Hayrat. But all this did not Rishi tuba bozori kalovast ilova. define the creative image of Wonder. Ruxsori tu yak shittazaminest pur az zah! He writes: “I have not forgotten this Binni tu dar zahkashi on qit`a chu nova! manuscript. After finishing my main work, in Sar hamchu kadu xoliyu az harza dahon pur. 1956 I started to study this office again. I have Qomat chu shutur navchayuishkam chu kajova! been translating Hayrat's biography for the last Yo qomati to`lonii tu cho`bai bayraq, few years with the help of valuable information Dastor bar on chun yalavi bayraqi Kova! from the fourth part of S. Ayni's book Dar go`shai chashmoni tu chirkobai hammom, "Memories". More detailed information about Dar teshuki binni tu loyobai chova! Hayrat has appeared. In addition, I gained some Atvori tu chun vaxshiyu andomi tu manfur! experience and knowledge in recognizing and Kirdori tu bema`niyuguftori tu yova! studying the literature and manuscripts of that period.

209 | P a g e

NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 10, Oct. -2020 TRANSLATION: Secretary's name written. He says: "But I am O whole hand, kalova bazaar! acquainted with the calligraphy of some well- Accompany your hair to the bazaar. Your face is known secretaries and nobles (for example, full of poison! Here your nose is wet! Your head Sharifjon - Mahdum Sadri Ziya, Mukhtaram, is as empty as a pumpkin and your mouth is Munzim, etc.), I have seen many manuscripts full. Your body is like a camel's vagina! Or your written by them. I thought that the devon was neck is as long as a flagpole, Your hand is like a written by Mirza Abdulvahid Munzim, the bucket's flag! Your actions are meaningless and author of the Navadir-ul-Waqoe divan. there your words are useless! was no doubt that the poems also belonged to According to S. Ayni, Abdullahhoja heard Hayrat. ” Hayrat's humorous poem and immediately ran In 1957, R. Khodizoda published an to Ayni and begged him not to allow the poem article in the magazine "Sharqi Surkh" "Kizil to spread among scholars and writers. S. Ayni Sharq" (№ 5) entitled "Namunai she'rhoi writes: "I knew that it was impossible to get rid Hayrat" ("Samples of Hayrat poems"), in which of it without any promises, and I made a firm the first information about the discovery of promise to stop the spread of poetry." Hayrat devon and published new samples of Since Hayrat did not want to be famous his poems. as a poet, he did not give a copy of this poem to In this way, for almost fifty years, anyone but me. It turned out that a copy of this "Devoni Hayrat" was hidden from view, and poem was not in the hands of the secretary of today we can read his rich literary heritage and the Office of Wonder, and therefore this poem appreciate the role of Hayrat in literature and was not included in the office. his creative skills in the late XIX - early XX In addition to the poems quoted in centuries. Ayni's "Namunai adabiyoti tojik" and "Esdalikalar", the text of the masnavi "Journey REFERENCES: to Fergana" and "Journey to Fergana" is also included in the collection. It is in his Memoirs 1. S. Ayni. "Sample Tajik literature" .- that Hayrat says that he wrote this masnavi "at Moscow: Central Publishing House, my request." However, he did not write about it 1926. anywhere. All other poems, ghazals, rubais and 2. S.Ayniy. College .Volume 7. - quatrains are carefully read and studied by the , 1962. researcher R.Khodizoda. During his studies, the 3. S.Khujakulov. National period of poet's creative style, in terms of the true literature. - Tashkent: National depiction of the details of the event, convinced Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan, 2015. him that this devon is the legacy of Hayrat. 4. Surprise. Ash'ori muntaxab. - Another issue the researcher wanted to Monday, 1964. determine was the name of this office secretary. Nowhere in Devon was the

210 | P a g e