AP Psychology Essential Information
AP Psychology Essential Information Introduction to Psychology 1. What is the definition of psychology? a. The study of behavior and mental processes 2. How did psychology as a study of behavior and mental processes develop? a. The roots of psychology can be traced back to the philosophy of Empiricism: emphasizing the role of experience and evidence, especially sensory perception, in the formation of ideas, while discounting the notion of innate ideas.- Greeks like Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Later studied by Francis Bacon, Rene Decartes and John Locke. 3. What is the historical development of psychology? a. The evolution of psychology includes structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalysis, behaviorism and Gestalt psychology b. Wilhelm Wundt: set up the first psychological laboratory. i. trained subjects in introspection: examine your own cognitive processing- known as structuralism ii. study the role of consciousness; changes from philosophy to a science ii. Also used by Edward Titchener c. William James: published first psychology textbook; examined how the structures identified by Wundt function in our lives- functionalism i. Based off of Darwin’s theory of evolution 4. What are the different approaches to studying behavior and mental processes? a. biological, evolutionary, psychoanalysis (Freud), behavioral (Watson, Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner), cognitive, humanistic (Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers), social (Bandura) and Gestalt 5. Who are the individuals associated with different approaches to psychology? a. Darwin, Freud, Watson, Skinner and Maslow 6. What are each of the subfields within psychology? a. cognitive, biological, personality, developmental, quantitative, clinical, counseling, psychiatry, community, educational, school, social, industrial Methods and Testing 1. What are the two main forms of research? a.
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