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History of Ancient Roman Empire Pdf History of ancient roman empire pdf Continue This article is about the history of Rome in antiquity. For general overview, see for other purposes, see Ancient Rome (disambiguation). Ancient RomeRoma753 BC-476 AD Senate Populus Ke Reman territory of Roman civilization: Roman Republic Roman Empire of the Western Roman Empire of the Eastern Roman Empire Capital, several others during the late Empire, in particular, Constantinople and Ravenna. Republic (509-27 BC) Empire (27 BC-476 BC) Historical EpochReacered history The founding of Rome 753 BC The overthrow of Tarkin Proud 509 BC Octavian proclaimed August 27 BC The collapse of the Western Roman Empire 476 AD part of a series about the politics and government of the unskined Rome Periods of the Roman Kingdom753-509 BC. Roman Republic509-27 BC Roman Empire27 BC 395 Principle to dominate WesternAD 395-476 Eastern Era 395-1453 Timeline of the Roman Constitution Of the Kingdom Constitution of the Empire Constitution Of the Late Empire of the Senate Legislative Assembly Executive Magistrates Precedent and Law of the Roman rights Ius Imperium Mos maiorum Collegiality Auctoritas Roman citizenship Cursus honorum Senatus consultum Senatus consultum ultimum Assemblies Centuriate Curiate Plebeian Tribal Magistrates Consul Praetor Kwaestor Promagistrate Aedile Tribune Censor Governor Extraordinary Magistrate Corre Dictator Magister equitum Consular Tribune Rex Triumviri Decemviri Names and honors of emperor Legatus Dux Officium Praeses Praefectus Vicari Vigintisexviri Lictor Magister militum Ancient Rome Roman civilization from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC. before the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century of our era, encompassing the Roman kingdom (753 BC,509 BC), the Roman Republic (509 BC) and the Roman Empire (27 BC) before the fall of the Western Empire. Civilization began as an Italian settlement on the Italian peninsula, traditionally dated 753 BC, which grew into the city of Rome and which subsequently gave its name to the empire over which it ruled, and the widespread civilization developed by the empire. Civilization was led and ruled by the Romans, alternately considered an ethnic group or nationality. The Roman Empire expanded to become one of the largest empires in the ancient world, still ruled from a city estimated to have 50 to 90 million inhabitants (approximately 20% of the world's population at the time) and covering 5 million square kilometers (1.9 million square miles) at an altitude of 117 AD. Over the centuries of its existence, the Roman state has evolved from an elected monarchy into a democratic classical republic, and then into a increasingly autocratic semi-factual military dictatorship during the Empire. Through conquests, cultural and linguistic assimilation, at its height it controlled the coasts of North Africa, Egypt, southern Europe and much of Western Europe, the Balkans, Crimea and much of the Middle East, including Anatolia, the Levant and parts of Mesopotamia and Arabia. It is often grouped into classical antiquity along with Ancient Greece, and their similar cultures and societies are known as the Greco-Roman world. Ancient Roman civilization has contributed to modern language, religion, society, technology, law, politics, government, war, art, literature, architecture and engineering. Rome professionalized and expanded its armed forces and created a system of government called res publica, inspiring modern republics such as the United States and France. He achieved impressive technological and architectural feats, such as the construction of an extensive system of aqueducts and roads, as well as the construction of large monuments, palaces and public facilities. Punic wars with Carthage were decisive in the creation of Rome as a world power. In this series of wars, Rome gained control of the strategic islands of Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily; took Hispania (modern Spain and Portugal); and destroyed the city of Carthage in 146 BC, giving Rome supremacy in the Mediterranean. By the end of the Republic (27 BC) Rome had conquered land around the Mediterranean Sea and beyond: its region had spread from the Atlantic to Arabia and from the mouth of the Rhine to North Africa. The Roman Empire emerged with the end of the Republic and the dictatorship of Augustus. The seven hundred and twenty-one years of the Roman-Persian wars began in 92 BC with the first struggle against Parthia. It will be the longest-running conflict in human history and will have serious long-term consequences for both empires. Under Trajan, the Empire reached its territorial peak. It stretched from the entire Mediterranean basin to the beaches of the North Sea in the north, to the shores of the Red and Caspian Seas in the east. Republican nakoi and traditions began to decline in the imperial period, with civil wars becoming a prelude to the rise of the new emperor. The Splinter states, such as the Palmyra Empire, temporarily divided the Empire during the 3rd century crisis before some stability was restored to the Tetrarchy phase of imperial rule. Suffering from internal instability and attacked by various migratory people, the western part of the empire fell into independent barbarian kingdoms in the 5th century. The eastern part of the empire remained a power in the Middle Ages until its fall in 1453 AD. river Tiber in central Italy, the twin brothers Romulus and Remus, who descended from the Trojan Prince Aeneus, and who were the grandchildren of the Latin king Numittor Alba Longa. King Numitorus was overthrown by his brother, Amulia, while Numittor's daughter, Rhe Sylvia, gave birth to twins. Ever since Rhea Sylvia was raped and impregnated with Mars, the Roman god of war, the twins have been considered semi-unseen. According to legend, Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus, who were raised by the wolf Wolf New King, Amulius, feared that Romulus and Remus would forget the throne, so he ordered them to drown. She the wolf (or the shepherd's wife in some accounts) saved and raised them, and when they were old enough, they returned the throne of Alba Longa to Numitora. The twins founded their own city, but Romulus killed Remus in an altercation over the location of the Roman Kingdom, although some sources say the quarrel was about who would rule or give his name to the city. Romulus became the source of the city's name. In order to attract people to the city, Rome has become a sanctuary for the poor, expelled and undesirable. This caused a problem, in that Rome came to have a large male population but was deprived of women. Romulus visited neighboring towns and tribes and tried to secure marriage rights, but since Rome was so full of undesirables, it was denied. Legend has it that the Latins invited the Sabins to the festival and stole their unmarried maidens, which led to the integration of Latins with sabers. Another legend, recorded by the Greek historian Dionysius Galicarnasse, states that Prince Aeneas led a group of Trojans on a sea voyage to find a new Troy, since the original was destroyed at the end of the Trojan War. After a long time in rough seas, they landed on the banks of the Tiber River. Shortly after they landed, the men wanted to go back to sea, but the women who were traveling with them did not want to leave. A woman named Roma suggested that women burn ships at sea to prevent them from leaving. At first, the men were angry with the gypsies, but soon realized that they were in the perfect place to be. They named the settlement after the woman who set fire to their ships. The Roman poet Virgil told this legend in his classic epic poem Aeneid, where the Trojan Prince Aeneil designed the gods to find a new Troy. In the epic, women also refuse to return to the sea, but they are not left on Tiber. Having reached Italy, Aeneus, who wanted to marry Lavinia, was forced to wage war with her former fiance Turnus. According to the poem, the kings of Alban descended from Aeneas, and thus Romulus, the founder of Rome, was his descendant. The main article of the Kingdom: Etruscan painting of the Roman kingdom; dancer and musicians, The Tomb of the Leopards, Italy Rome grew out of settlements around the ford on the Tiber River, a crossroads of traffic and commerce. According to archaeological evidence, the village of Rome was probably founded some time ago in the 8th century BC, although it may return as early as the 10th century BC, members of the Latin tribe of Italy, on the top of the Palatian hill. The Etruscans, who had previously settled in the north in Etruria, seem to have established political control in the region by the end of the 7th century BC, forming an aristocratic and monarchical elite. The Etruscans apparently lost power by the end of the 6th century BC, and at that moment, the original Latin and Sabin tribes reinvented their government, creating a republic with much greater restrictions on the ability of the rulers to exercise power. Roman tradition and archaeological evidence point to the complex within the framework of the Romanum Forum as a place of power for the king and the beginning of a religious center there as well. Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome, succeeding Romulus, began construction projects in Rome with his royal palace Regia and the virgin complex Vestal. Republic Main article: Roman Republic This bust from the Capitol Museums is traditionally defined as a portrait of Lucius Junius Brutus, Roman Bronze Sculpture, 4th to late 3rd century BC According to tradition, and then writers such as Livi, the Roman Republic was created around 509 BC, when the last of the seven kings of Rome, Tarkin Proud, was overthrown by Lucius Junius based annually on elected magistrates and various representative assemblies was established.
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