Timothy May on Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World
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The History of the Mongol Conquests Pdf, Epub, Ebook
THE HISTORY OF THE MONGOL CONQUESTS PDF, EPUB, EBOOK J. J. Saunders | 296 pages | 22 Feb 2001 | University of Pennsylvania Press | 9780812217667 | English | Pennsylvania, United States The History of the Mongol Conquests PDF Book Read more In doing so, he avoided the mountainous area south of the Caspian Sea. Jalal al-Din, although a great warrior, was more of a freebooter than a king. I definitely thought this book came out in - until I got a copy from work that was published in Next winter, 6 Dec , Kiev fell to the Mongols and was reduced to ashes. Had Shah Muhammad's manners been better, the western world might never have learned to tremble at the name of Genghis Khan. Instead, he occupied Persia and Khurasan, two long-standing bases of Khwarazmian support. Toghta Noyan then reunited with his superior, Chaghatai Noyan. Gaian was a fortress of considerable strength. Other editions. Same Day Delivery. It also ensured that it was easy to create an army in short time and gave the khans access to the daughters of local leaders. An appendix devoted to a study of the history of the feathered headdress confirms that the group originated in the Mesopotamian region. Bodyguards had existed among the nomadic rulers of the nomads before Genghis Khan, but they did not become a permanent and important institution until he established his keshik. Yet, he lived only two years after completing his conquests. The two smaller contingents, led by Jula and Yissaur, rode into regions of Arran and eastern Armenia. Chormaqan ordered the assault to begin. -
Theocracy Metin M. Coşgel Thomas J. Miceli
Theocracy Metin M. Coşgel University of Connecticut Thomas J. Miceli University of Connecticut Working Paper 2013-29 November 2013 365 Fairfield Way, Unit 1063 Storrs, CT 06269-1063 Phone: (860) 486-3022 Fax: (860) 486-4463 http://www.econ.uconn.edu/ This working paper is indexed on RePEc, http://repec.org THEOCRACY by Metin Coşgel* and Thomas J. Miceli** Abstract: Throughout history, religious and political authorities have had a mysterious attraction to each other. Rulers have established state religions and adopted laws with religious origins, sometimes even claiming to have divine powers. We propose a political economy approach to theocracy, centered on the legitimizing relationship between religious and political authorities. Making standard assumptions about the motivations of these authorities, we identify the factors favoring the emergence of theocracy, such as the organization of the religion market, monotheism vs. polytheism, and strength of the ruler. We use two sets of data to test the implications of the model. We first use a unique data set that includes information on over three hundred polities that have been observed throughout history. We also use recently available cross-country data on the relationship between religious and political authorities to examine these issues in current societies. The results provide strong empirical support for our arguments about why in some states religious and political authorities have maintained independence, while in others they have integrated into a single entity. JEL codes: H10, -
The Great Empires of Asia the Great Empires of Asia
The Great Empires of Asia The Great Empires of Asia EDITED BY JIM MASSELOS FOREWORD BY JONATHAN FENBY WITH 27 ILLUSTRATIONS Note on spellings and transliterations There is no single agreed system for transliterating into the Western CONTENTS alphabet names, titles and terms from the different cultures and languages represented in this book. Each culture has separate traditions FOREWORD 8 for the most ‘correct’ way in which words should be transliterated from The Legacy of Empire Arabic and other scripts. However, to avoid any potential confusion JONATHAN FENBY to the non-specialist reader, in this volume we have adopted a single system of spellings and have generally used the versions of names and titles that will be most familiar to Western readers. INTRODUCTION 14 The Distinctiveness of Asian Empires JIM MASSELOS Elements of Empire Emperors and Empires Maintaining Empire Advancing Empire CHAPTER ONE 27 Central Asia: The Mongols 1206–1405 On the cover: Map of Unidentified Islands off the Southern Anatolian Coast, by Ottoman admiral and geographer Piri Reis (1465–1555). TIMOTHY MAY Photo: The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore. The Rise of Chinggis Khan The Empire after Chinggis Khan First published in the United Kingdom in 2010 by Thames & Hudson Ltd, 181A High Holborn, London WC1V 7QX The Army of the Empire Civil Government This compact paperback edition first published in 2018 The Rule of Law The Great Empires of Asia © 2010 and 2018 Decline and Dissolution Thames & Hudson Ltd, London The Greatness of the Mongol Empire Foreword © 2018 Jonathan Fenby All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced CHAPTER TWO 53 or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, China: The Ming 1368–1644 including photocopy, recording or any other information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. -
Zhanat Kundakbayeva the HISTORY of KAZAKHSTAN FROM
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN THE AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Zhanat Kundakbayeva THE HISTORY OF KAZAKHSTAN FROM EARLIEST PERIOD TO PRESENT TIME VOLUME I FROM EARLIEST PERIOD TO 1991 Almaty "Кazakh University" 2016 ББК 63.2 (3) К 88 Recommended for publication by Academic Council of the al-Faraby Kazakh National University’s History, Ethnology and Archeology Faculty and the decision of the Editorial-Publishing Council R e v i e w e r s: doctor of historical sciences, professor G.Habizhanova, doctor of historical sciences, B. Zhanguttin, doctor of historical sciences, professor K. Alimgazinov Kundakbayeva Zh. K 88 The History of Kazakhstan from the Earliest Period to Present time. Volume I: from Earliest period to 1991. Textbook. – Almaty: "Кazakh University", 2016. - &&&& p. ISBN 978-601-247-347-6 In first volume of the History of Kazakhstan for the students of non-historical specialties has been provided extensive materials on the history of present-day territory of Kazakhstan from the earliest period to 1991. Here found their reflection both recent developments on Kazakhstan history studies, primary sources evidences, teaching materials, control questions that help students understand better the course. Many of the disputable issues of the times are given in the historiographical view. The textbook is designed for students, teachers, undergraduates, and all, who are interested in the history of the Kazakhstan. ББК 63.3(5Каз)я72 ISBN 978-601-247-347-6 © Kundakbayeva Zhanat, 2016 © al-Faraby KazNU, 2016 INTRODUCTION Данное учебное пособие is intended to be a generally understandable and clearly organized outline of historical processes taken place on the present day territory of Kazakhstan since pre-historic time. -
Congressional-Executive Commission on China
CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2017 ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 5, 2017 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov VerDate Nov 24 2008 16:24 Oct 04, 2017 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\26811 DIEDRE 2017 ANNUAL REPORT VerDate Nov 24 2008 16:24 Oct 04, 2017 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6019 Sfmt 6019 U:\DOCS\26811 DIEDRE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2017 ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 5, 2017 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 26–811 PDF WASHINGTON : 2017 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 16:24 Oct 04, 2017 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\26811 DIEDRE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS Senate House MARCO RUBIO, Florida, Chairman CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma Cochairman TOM COTTON, Arkansas ROBERT PITTENGER, North Carolina STEVE DAINES, Montana TRENT FRANKS, Arizona TODD YOUNG, Indiana RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon TIMOTHY J. WALZ, Minnesota GARY PETERS, Michigan TED LIEU, California ANGUS KING, Maine EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS Department of State, To Be Appointed Department of Labor, To Be Appointed Department of Commerce, To Be Appointed At-Large, To Be Appointed At-Large, To Be Appointed ELYSE B. -
The Khitans: Corner Stone of the Mongol Empire
ACTA VIA SERICA Vol. 6, No. 1, June 2021: 141–164 doi: 10.22679/avs.2021.6.1.006 The Khitans: Corner Stone of the Mongol Empire GEORGE LANE* The Khitans were a Turco-Mongol clan who dominated China north of the Yangtze River during the early mediaeval period. They adopted and then adapted many of the cultural traditions of their powerful neighbours to the south, the Song Chinese. However, before their absorption into the Mongol Empire in the late 13th century they proved pivotal, firstly in the eastward expansion of the armies of Chinggis Khan, secondly, in the survival of the Persian heartlands after the Mongol invasions of the 1220s and thirdly, in the revival and integration of the polity of Iran into the Chinggisid Empire. Da Liao, the Khitans, the Qara Khitai, names which have served this clan well, strengthened and invigorated the hosts which harboured them. The Liao willingly assimilated into the Chinggisid Empire of whose formation they had been an integral agent and in doing so they also surrendered their identity but not their history. Recent scholarship is now unearthing and recognising their proud legacy and distinct identity. Michal Biran placed the Khitans irrevocably and centrally in mediaeval Asian history and this study emphasises their role in the establishment of the Mongol Empire. Keywords: Khitans, Liao, Chinggids, Mongols, Ilkhanate * Dr. GEORGE LANE is a Research Associate at the School of History, Religion & Philosophy, SOAS University of London. 142 Acta Via Serica, Vol. 6, No. 1, June 2021 The Khitans: Corner Stone of the Mongol Empire The Turco-Mongol tribe that first settled the lands of northern China, north of the Huai River and adopted and adapted the cultural traditions of their domineering neighbour to the south, has only recently been acknowledged for their importance to the evolution of mediaeval Asian history, due in large part to the work of Michal Biran of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. -
Karakhanid Khanate Karakhanids Took Over Transoxania in 999 and Completed Their Conquest of Khotan MICHAL BIRAN Seven Years Later
1 Karakhanid Khanate Karakhanids took over Transoxania in 999 and completed their conquest of Khotan MICHAL BIRAN seven years later. Being orthodox Sunni The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Hanafi Muslims, the Karakhanids met with little opposition in Transoxania, and they The Karakhanid Khanate was the first Muslim stressed their loyalty to the Abbasid caliph Turkic dynasty that ruled in Central Asia, in Baghdad as a major component in their c.955–1213. The designations Karakhanids legitimacy. From the outset, however, the (Qarakhanids; Chinese: Halahan, the black empire was bifurcated, and the western khan, or prestigious khans) or Ilak-khanid (prince- entitled Boghra (camel) Kara Khaqan and khans) are modern constructions derived ruling from Samarqand, was answerable to from the titulature on the dynasty’s coins. his eastern counterpart, who bore the title Contemporaneous literary sources usually Arslan (lion) Kara Khaqan, and ruled from refer to the Karakhanids as al-Khaqaniya Balasaghun (in Kirgizstan) and Kashgar. Var- (the Khaqan, or supreme ruler, house), al- ious other members of the ruling clan held muluk al-khaniyya al-atrak (the khanal kings lesser titles and appanages. The Karakhanid of the Turks) or Al-i Afrasiyab (the house of hierarchy was akin to a game of “musical Afrāsiyāb, the king of Turan in the Persian chairs,” as aspirants moved up the ranks while epos, the Shahnama), and as Heihan or Dashi changing their honorifics and sometimes in Chinese. even their fiefs. In consequence, tracking Historical information on the Karakhanids the careers of the dynasty’s rulers is a rather is extremely sketchy due to the lack or non- daunting task. -
A Review of Journalism in Iran
University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 1996 A review of journalism in Iran: the functions of the press and traditional communication channels in the Constitutional Revolution of Iran Ali Asghar Kia University of Wollongong Recommended Citation Kia, Ali Asghar, A review of journalism in Iran: the functions of the press and traditional communication channels in the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Graduate School of Journalism, University of Wollongong, 1996. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/1882 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] A REVIEW OF JOURNALISM IN IRAN: THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PRESS AND TRADITIONAL COMMUNICATION CHANNELS IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL REVOLUTION OF IRAN A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY from UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG by ALI ASGHAR KIA FACULTY OF CREATIVE ARTS GRADUATE SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM 1996 ii CERTIFICATION I certify that the work analysed in the functions of the press and traditional communication channels in the Constitutional revolution of 1906 in Iran is entirely my own work. References to the work of others are indicated in the text. This work has not been submitted for the award of any other degree or diploma at any other university. AH AsgharKia August 1996 iii ABSTRACT THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PRESS AND TRADITIONAL COMMUNICATION CHANNELS IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL REVOLUTION OF IRAN This thesis is essentially a study of the development of the Iranian press, principally in the latter 19th Century and early 20th Century, and its relationship with traditional Communications systems during the broad period of the Constitutional Revolution, a seminal event in contemporary Iranian history. -
Inner Asian States and Empires: Theories and Synthesis
J Archaeol Res DOI 10.1007/s10814-011-9053-2 Inner Asian States and Empires: Theories and Synthesis J. Daniel Rogers Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC (outside the USA) 2011 Abstract By 200 B.C. a series of expansive polities emerged in Inner Asia that would dominate the history of this region and, at times, a very large portion of Eurasia for the next 2,000 years. The pastoralist polities originating in the steppes have typically been described in world history as ephemeral or derivative of the earlier sedentary agricultural states of China. These polities, however, emerged from local traditions of mobility, multiresource pastoralism, and distributed forms of hierarchy and administrative control that represent important alternative path- ways in the comparative study of early states and empires. The review of evidence from 15 polities illustrates long traditions of political and administrative organi- zation that derive from the steppe, with Bronze Age origins well before 200 B.C. Pastoralist economies from the steppe innovated new forms of political organization and were as capable as those based on agricultural production of supporting the development of complex societies. Keywords Empires Á States Á Inner Asia Á Pastoralism Introduction The early states and empires of Inner Asia played a pivotal role in Eurasian history, with legacies still evident today. Yet, in spite of more than 100 years of scholarly contributions, the region remains a relatively unknown heartland (Di Cosmo 1994; Hanks 2010; Lattimore 1940; Mackinder 1904). As pivotal as the history of Inner Asia is in its own right, it also holds special significance for how we interpret complex societies on a global basis. -
A History of Inner Asia
This page intentionally left blank A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA Geographically and historically Inner Asia is a confusing area which is much in need of interpretation.Svat Soucek’s book offers a short and accessible introduction to the history of the region.The narrative, which begins with the arrival of Islam, proceeds chrono- logically, charting the rise and fall of the changing dynasties, the Russian conquest of Central Asia and the fall of the Soviet Union. Dynastic tables and maps augment and elucidate the text.The con- temporary focus rests on the seven countries which make up the core of present-day Eurasia, that is Uzbekistan, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Sinkiang, and Mongolia. Since 1991, there has been renewed interest in these countries which has prompted considerable political, cultural, economic, and religious debate.While a vast and divergent literature has evolved in consequence, no short survey of the region has been attempted. Soucek’s history of Inner Asia promises to fill this gap and to become an indispensable source of information for anyone study- ing or visiting the area. is a bibliographer at Princeton University Library. He has worked as Central Asia bibliographer at Columbia University, New York Public Library, and at the University of Michigan, and has published numerous related articles in The Journal of Turkish Studies, The Encyclopedia of Islam, and The Dictionary of the Middle Ages. A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA Princeton University Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge , United Kingdom Published in the United States by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521651691 © Cambridge University Press 2000 This book is in copyright. -
World History Bulletin Spring 2005 Vol
World History Bulletin Spring 2005 Vol. XXI No. 1 H. Micheal Tarver Editor [email protected] In This Issue Editor’s Note Inside Front Cover Letter from the President 1 Minutes of the January 2005 World History Association Business Meeting 2 Minutes of the January 2005 World History Association Executive Council Meeting 3 The World History Association’s Fourteenth Annual Conference (Ifrane, Morocco) 7 Teaching Forum Externalization vs Internalization: Adapting Central Asia to World History by Brian R. Parkinson 9 World-History Textbooks and Their Others by Luke Clossey, Simon Fraser University (Canada) 19 Regime Change and Nation Building: Egypt, 1798-1799 by Jackson Sigler, Florida State University 22 Imperial Delusions: Cheap and Easy Peace in Mandatory Iraq by Robert Stacy 27 Revolutions in the Arab World: Egypt, Syria, and Iraq,” by Leila Fawaz, Tufts University 32 Book Reviews 36 2004 WHA/PAT Undergraduate Paper Prize Winner -- Colonial Jamestown and Cape Town: 41 A Discussion of Early Changes and Lasting Outcomes by Elizabeth Kamradt, Northern Kentucky University Agriculture and Agricultural Civilization of the Yellow River Drainage Basin 47 by Wang Shoukuan, Lanzhou University (China) May 2005 This issue of the World History Bulletin includes several outstanding articles, including one from the Peoples Republic of China (Zhonghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó) and one from Canada. Four of the remaining arti- cles focus on the areas of Central Asia and the Near East, in an effort to provide a Teaching Forum on the region. The final article included in this issue is the winning essay for the 2004 World History Association/Phi Alpha Theta Undergraduate Paper Prize. -
Mongol Expansion (C
History sample unit Mongol Expansion (c. AD 1206 – c. 1368) Stage 4 Duration: 5–6 weeks (Depth Study 6: Expanding Contacts) Detail: 15 hours/18 lessons The overview may be programmed separately or integrated, where relevant, within this unit of work Key inquiry questions Skills • How did societies change from the end of the ancient period to the beginning of the • Comprehension: chronology, terms and concepts modern age? • Analysis and use of sources • What key beliefs and values emerged and how did they influence societies? • Perspectives and interpretations • What were the causes and effects of contact between societies in this period? • Empathetic understanding • Which significant people, groups and ideas from this period have influenced the • Research world today? • Explanation and communication Outcomes Historical concepts A student: The following historical concepts are integrated into the 〉 describes major periods of historical time and sequences events, people and societies lesson sequences: from the past HT4-2 〉 describes and assesses the motives and actions of past individuals and groups in the Continuity and change: changes and continuities during context of past societies HT4-3 the period of Mongol expansion 〉 describes and explains the causes and effects of events and developments of past societies over time HT4-4 Cause and effect: causes of Mongol expansion and resulting effects 〉 uses evidence from sources to support historical narratives and explanations HT4-6 〉 identifies and describes different contexts, perspectives