Inquiring Minds: First Peoples and European Contact

Grade 4 Overview - Curriculum Congruency Big Ideas Topics

Land, People, and Identity; Judging the Impact; Changes and The pursuit of valuable natural resources has played a key role in Consequences; How We Remember; Our Relationship With changing the land, people, and communities of . the Land

Land, People, and Identity; Trade: Conflict and Cooperation; Interactions between First Peoples and Europeans lead to conflict and Judging the Impact; Changes and Consequences; How We cooperation, which continues to shape Canada’s identity. Remember; Our Relationship With the Land

Demographic changes in North America created shifts in economic and Trade: Conflict and Cooperation; Judging the Impact; political power. Changes and Consequences; How We Remember

Trade: Conflict and Cooperation; Judging the Impact; followed a unique path in becoming a part of Canada. Changes and Consequences; How We Remember; Our Relationship With the Land

Curricular Competencies Use Social Studies inquiry processes and skills to: ask questions; gather, interpret, and analyze ideas; and communicate findings and decisions

Construct arguments defending the significance of individuals/groups, places, events, and developments (significance)

Ask questions, corroborate inferences, and draw conclusions about the content and origins of different sources (evidence)

Sequence objects, images, and events, and determine continuities and changes between different time periods and places (continuity and Students will have opportunities to develop & practise using change) these competencies throughout. Differentiate between intended and unintended consequences of events, decisions, and developments, and speculate about alternative outcomes (cause and consequence)

Construct narratives that capture the attitudes, values, and worldviews commonly held by people at different times and places (perspective)

Make ethical judgments about events, decisions, and actions that consider the conditions of a particular time and place (ethical judgment)

Content Topics Trade: Conflict and Cooperation; Judging the Impact; Early contact, trade, cooperation, and conflict between First Peoples Changes and Consequences; How We Remember; Our and European peoples Relationship With the Land

The fur trade in pre-Confederation Canada and British Columbia Trade: Conflict and Cooperation; Judging the Impact

Trade: Conflict and Cooperation; Judging the Impact; Demographic changes in pre-Confederation British Columbia in both Changes and Consequences; How We Remember; Our First Peoples and non-First Peoples communities Relationship With the Land

Economic and political factors that influenced the colonization of British Judging the Impact; Changes and Consequences; How We Columbia and its entry into Confederation Remember; Our Relationship With the Land

Land, People, and Identity; Trade: Conflict and Cooperation; The impact of colonization on First Peoples societies in British Columbia Judging the Impact; Changes and Consequences; How We and Canada Remember; Our Relationship With the Land

The history of the local community and of local First Peoples Land, People, and Identity; Changes and Consequences; How communities We Remember

Physiographic features and natural resources of Canada Land, People, and Identity; Our Relationship With the Land

Core Competencies: Communication; Thinking; Personal & Social

Communication: The communication competency encompasses the set of abilities that students use to impart and exchange information, experiences and ideas, to explore the world around them, and to understand and effectively engage in the use of digital media.

Thinking:The thinking competency encompasses the knowledge, skills and processes we associate with intellectual development. It is through their competency as thinkers that students take subject-specific concepts and content and transform them into a new understanding. Students will have opportunities to develop & practise using Thinking competence includes specific thinking skills as well as habits of these competencies throughout. mind, and metacognitive awareness.

Personal and Social: Personal and social competency is the set of abilities that relate to students' identity in the world, both as individuals and as members of their community and society. Personal and social competency encompasses the abilities students need to thrive as individuals, to understand and care about themselves and others, and to find and achieve their purposes in the world.

1 Inquiring Minds: First People and European Contact Land, People, and Identity

Legend Big Ideas Curricular Competencies Content Core Competencies

Big Ideas Student Resource Eguide Teaching Notes Website The pursuit of valuable natural resources has played a key role in changing the land, people, X and communities of Canada. Interactions between First Peoples and Europeans lead to conflict and cooperation, which continues X to shape Canada’s identity.

Demographic changes in North America created shifts in economic and political power.

British Columbia followed a unique path in becoming a part of Canada.

Curricular Competencies Student Resource Eguide Teaching Notes Website

Use Social Studies inquiry processes and skills to ask questions; gather, interpret, and analyze ideas; and communicate findings and decisions Key Skills Question box, page 11; River Basin Identify patterns in information, and use those diagram, page 16; Kenney Dam patterns to draw inferences. diagram, page 31

Viewpoints on…, page 14; Thinking Summarize information and opinions about a Deeper: Megaprojects, page 32; selected problem or issue. Make Connections, page 33

Use grids, scales, and legends on maps and Thinking Like A… Meteorologist, page timelines to interpret or represent specific 22; The BC Inquiry Quest, page 35 information.

Apply a variety of strategies for information Question box, page 12; The BC gathering (e.g. headings, indices, internet Inquiry Quest, page 35 searches).

Construct a simple bibliography.

Prepare a presentation using selected communication forms (e.g., debate, diorama, The BC Inquiry Quest, page 35 multimedia presentation, dance) to support the purpose of the presentation.

Apply established criteria for a presentation (e.g., historical accuracy and context).

Identify and clarify a selected problem or issue (e.g., provide details; state reasons, Reflect on Your Learning, page 34 implications). Create a plan of action to address a chosen Reflect on Your Learning, page 34 problem or issue.

Construct arguments defending the significance of individuals/groups, places, The BC Inquiry Quest, page 35 events, and developments (significance) Key Questions What events are most significant in the story of BC’s development?

Should be remembered as the father of BC?

What was the most significant reason for BC’s entry into Confederation?

Ask questions, corroborate inferences, and Question boxes, page 12; What Is the draw conclusions about the content and Significance of Oral Histories? Page origins of different sources (evidence) 13; Sample Activities Use primary sources to make inferences about contemporary attitudes toward First Peoples during the gold rush years.

Compare and contrast European and First Peoples accounts of the same event.

2 Sequence objects, images, and events, and determine continuities and changes between Question box, page 4; Reflect on Your different time periods and places (continuity Learning, page 34 and change) Sample Activity

Create a timeline of key events in BC’s history.

Key Questions How have the economic centres of BC changed over time?

Why is Barkerville no longer a significant economic centre?

What resources are important to people in Check Your Learning, page 33; present-day BC compared to the past? Explain Reflect on Your Learning, page 34 what has changed over time.

Differentiate between intended and unintended consequences of events, decisions, and developments, and speculate Reflect on Your Learning, page 34 about alternative outcomes (cause and consequence) Sample Activities Hold a debate about whether BC should have joined the United States or Canada, or become an independent country.

Track the positive and negative effects of key events in BC’s development on First Peoples. Key Questions

Was joining Canada the best decision for BC?

Why did Vancouver become BC’s largest city?

Construct narratives that capture the Understanding Perspectives, page 12; attitudes, values, and worldviews commonly Thinking Deeper, page 32; Reflect on held by people at different times and places Your Learning, page 34 (perspective) Sample Activity Compare the “discovery” and “exploration” of North America from European and First Peoples perspectives. Key Question Who benefited most from the early west coast fur trade: First Peoples or Europeans?

Make ethical judgments about events, decisions, and actions that consider the Thinking Deeper, page 32 conditions of a particular time and place (ethical judgment) Sample Activities

Evaluate the fairness of BC’s treaty process.

Describe the importance of protecting minority rights in a democracy.

Identify key events and issues in First Peoples rights and interactions with early governments in Canada (e.g., the , the establishment of the residential school system, potlatch ban, reserve system, treaties).

Content Student Resource Eguide Teaching Notes Website Early contact, trade, cooperation, and conflict between First Peoples and European peoples Key Questions What motivated explorers and settlers to come to Canada?

How did the geography of Canada affect European exploration? Sample Topics Early explorers: Cabot, Frobisher, Hudson, Cartier, Champlain

3 Voyages of Cook and Vancouver

Provision of muskets to First Peoples by Europeans Spread of horses to the Prairies

Marriages between First Peoples and Europeans

Colonial wars and alliances between Europeans and First Peoples (e.g., between Maquinna (Nuu- chah-nulth) and the Cook expedition or between

The fur trade in pre-Confederation Canada and British Columbia Key Question Why were trading posts established in particular locations? Sample Topics

Fur trading companies (e.g., the Hudson’s Bay Company and the North West Company)

Beaver Wars Explorers: Simon Fraser, Alexander Mackenzie, David Thompson

Russian and Spanish trade on the coast

Establishment of trading posts (e.g., Victoria, Fort Langley, and other forts; Metis communities)

Demographic changes in pre-Confederation British Columbia in both First Peoples and non-First Peoples communities

Sample Topics Disease

European and American settlement and migration

Increases in raids causing decreases in population

Relocation/resettlement of First Peoples

Economic and political factors that influenced the colonization of British Columbia and its entry into Confederation

Sample Topics Canadian Pacific Railway

Fur trade

American settlement

Oregon boundary dispute

Gold rush population boom and bust

Colonial debt Canadian Confederation

Expansion and purchase of Rupert’s Land

The impact of colonization on First Peoples societies in British Columbia and Canada Sample Topics Disease and demographics

Trade

More complex political systems

Loss of territory

Oral Histories and the Courts, page Impact on language and culture 13; Identity, Land, Language and Culture, page 15

Key events and issues regarding First Peoples rights and interactions with early government in Canada (e.g., the Indian Act, potlatch ban, reserve system, residential schools, treaties)

4 Pages 2-3; Investigate: Who Are First Peoples, pages 4-6; Investigate: What Does the Land Mean to First Peoples? Pages 7-10; Identity, Land, The history of the local community and of Language, and Story, page 15; local First Peoples communities Investigate: How Does Water Affect Cultural Diversity? Pages 16-20; Investigate: How Does Climate Affect Cultural Diversity? pages 21-24; The BC Inquiry Quest, page 35

Sample Topic Local archives and museums

Investigate: What Does the Land Mean to First Peoples? Pages 7-10; Identity, Land, Language, and Story, page 15; Investigate: How Does Physiographic features and natural Water Affect Cultural Diversity? Pages resources of Canada 16-20; Investigate: How Does Climate Affect Cultural Diversity? pages 21-24; Examine: How Have the Ways We Use Natural Resources Changed? pages 25-33

Core Competencies: Communication; Thinking; Personal & Social

Students will have opportunities to Communication, Creative Thinking, Critical develop and practise using Thinking, Positive Personal & Cultural Identity, these competencies throughout. See Personal Awareness and Responsibility, Social teaching notes for examples of these Responsibility competencies.

5 Inquiring Minds: First People and European Contact Trade: Conflict and Cooperation

Legend Big Ideas Curricular Competencies Content Core Competencies

Big Ideas Student Resource Eguide Teaching Notes Website The pursuit of valuable natural resources has played a key role in changing the land, people, and communities of Canada. Interactions between First Peoples and Europeans lead to conflict and cooperation, X which continues to shape Canada’s identity.

Demographic changes in North America created X shifts in economic and political power.

British Columbia followed a unique path in X becoming a part of Canada.

Curricular Competencies Student Resource Eguide Teaching Notes Website

Use Social Studies inquiry processes and skills to ask questions; gather, interpret, and analyze ideas; and communicate findings and decisions Key Skills

Identify patterns in information, and use those Examine: What Helps Us Explore the patterns to draw inferences. Past? Pages 38-40

Question box, page 52; Question Summarize information and opinions about a boxes, page 54; Thinking Deeper: selected problem or issue. The High Cost of Beaver Fur, page 58; The BC Inquiry Quest, page 67

Common Trade Goods Map, page Use grids, scales, and legends on maps and 45; British Trade Routes Map, page timelines to interpret or represent specific 47; Question box, page 59; Routes information. of Mackenzie, Fraser, and Thompson map, page 60

Apply a variety of strategies for information gathering (e.g. headings, indices, internet searches).

Construct a simple bibliography.

Prepare a presentation using selected communication forms (e.g., debate, diorama, The BC Inquiry Quest, page 67 multimedia presentation, dance) to support the purpose of the presentation.

Apply established criteria for a presentation (e.g., historical accuracy and context).

Identify and clarify a selected problem or issue (e.g., provide details; state reasons, Reflect on Your Learning, page 66 implications). Create a plan of action to address a chosen Question box, page 41; Reflect on problem or issue. Your Learning, page 66

Pages 36-37; Examine: What Made Construct arguments defending the First Contact a Turning Point? Pages significance of individuals/groups, places, 63-65; Reflect on Your Learning, events, and developments (significance) page 66; The BC Inquiry Quest, page 67 Key Questions Pages 36-37; Examine: What Made What events are most significant in the story of First Contact a Turning Point? Pages BC’s development? 63-65; Reflect on Your Learning, page 66 Should James Douglas be remembered as the father of BC?

What was the most significant reason for BC’s entry into Confederation?

Ask questions, corroborate inferences, and Examine: What Helps Us Explore the draw conclusions about the content and Past? Pages 38-40; Reflect on Your origins of different sources (evidence) Learning, page 66 Sample Activities

6 Use primary sources to make inferences about contemporary attitudes toward First Peoples during the gold rush years.

Investigate: What Happens When Different Peoples Meet Each Other? Compare and contrast European and First Pages 41-44; Investigate: The Idea Peoples accounts of the same event. of Sovereignty, pages 52-56; Question box, page 61

Sequence objects, images, and events, and determine continuities and changes Pages 36-37 between different time periods and places (continuity and change) Sample Activity

Create a timeline of key events in BC’s history. The BC Inquiry Quest, page 67

Key Questions How have the economic centres of BC changed over time?

Why is Barkerville no longer a significant economic centre? What resources are important to people in present-day BC compared to the past? Explain what has changed over time.

Differentiate between intended and Pages 36-37; Examine: What Made unintended consequences of events, First Contact a Turning Point? Pages decisions, and developments, and 63-65; Reflect on Your Learning, speculate about alternative outcomes page 66; The BC Inquiry Quest, (cause and consequence) page 67 Sample Activities Hold a debate about whether BC should have joined the United States or Canada, or become an independent country.

Examine: What Made First Contact a Track the positive and negative effects of key Turning Point? Pages 63-65; Reflect events in BC’s development on First Peoples. on Your Learning, page 66; The BC Inquiry Quest, page 67 Key Questions

Was joining Canada the best decision for BC?

Why did Vancouver become BC’s largest city?

Examine: What Helps Us Explore the Construct narratives that capture the Past? Pages 38-40; Investigate: The attitudes, values, and worldviews Idea of Sovereignty, pages 52-56; commonly held by people at different times Investigate: Why Did Newcomers and places (perspective) Want to Find a Way Through the Mountains? Pages 57-62

Sample Activity

Investigate: What Happens When Different Peoples Meet Each Other? Pages 41-44; Investigate: The Idea Compare the “discovery” and “exploration” of of Sovereignty, pages 52-56; North America from European and First Peoples Investigate: Why Did Newcomers perspectives. Want to Find a Way Through the Mountains? Pages 57-62' Examine: What Made First Contact a Turning Point? Pages 63-65

Key Question

Investigate: Who Benefited Most Who benefited most from the early west coast from the Coastal Fur Trade? Pages fur trade: First Peoples or Europeans? 45-51

How Did the Coastal Fur Trade Affect Make ethical judgments about events, the Sea Otter? Page 51; Viewpoints decisions, and actions that consider the On… Was the Pacific Fur Trade Fair? conditions of a particular time and place Page 50; Investigate: The Idea of (ethical judgment) Sovereignty, pages 52-56; Reflect on Your Learning, page 66

Sample Activities

7 Evaluate the fairness of BC’s treaty process.

Describe the importance of protecting minority rights in a democracy.

Identify key events and issues in First Peoples rights and interactions with early governments in Thinking Deeper: The Right to Fish, Canada (e.g., the Indian Act, the establishment page 64; Reflect on Your Learning, of the residential school system, potlatch ban, page 66 reserve system, treaties).

Content Student Resource Eguide Teaching Notes Website

Pages 36-37; Examine: What Helps Us Explore the Past? Pages 38-40; Investigate: What Happens When Different Peoples Meet Each Other? Pages 41-44; Investigate: Who Benefited Most from the Coastal Fur Early contact, trade, cooperation, and Trade? Pages 45-51; Investigate: conflict between First Peoples and The Idea of Sovereignty, pages 52- European peoples 56; Investigate: Why Did Newcomers Want to Find a Way Through the Mountains? Pages 57- 62; Examine: What Made First Contact a Turning Point? Pages 63- 65

Key Questions

Investigate: What Happens When Different Peoples Meet Each Other? Pages 41-44; Investigate: Who Benefited Most from the Coastal Fur What motivated explorers and settlers to come Trade? Pages 45-51; Investigate: to Canada? The Idea of Sovereignty, pages 52- 56; Investigate: Why Did Newcomers Want to Find a Way Through the Mountains? Pages 57- 62

Investigate: Why Did Newcomers How did the geography of Canada affect Want to Find a Way Through the European exploration? Mountains? Pages 57-62

Sample Topics

Investigate: Why Did Newcomers Early explorers: Cabot, Frobisher, Hudson, Want to Find a Way Through the Cartier, Champlain Mountains? Pages 57-62

Investigate: What Happens When Different Peoples Meet Each Other? Pages 41-44; Investigate: Who Voyages of Cook and Vancouver Benefited Most from the Coastal Fur Trade? Pages 45-51; Investigate: The Idea of Sovereignty, pages 52- 56

Investigate: Who Benefited Most Provision of muskets to First Peoples by from the Coastal Fur Trade? Pages Europeans 45-51

Spread of horses to the Prairies

Investigate: Why Did Newcomers Marriages between First Peoples and Europeans Want to Find a Way Through the Mountains? Pages 57-62

Pages 36-37; Investigate: What Colonial wars and alliances between Europeans Happens When Different Peoples and First Peoples (e.g., between Maquinna (Nuu-Meet Each Other? Pages 41-44; chah-nulth) and the Cook expedition or between Investigate: Who Benefited Most French colonists and the First Peoples living from the Coastal Fur Trade? Pages around the Great Lakes) 45-51; Investigate: The Idea of Sovereignty, pages 52-56

Investigate: Who Benefited Most from the Coastal Fur Trade? Pages 45-51; Investigate: The Idea of Sovereignty, pages 52-56; The fur trade in pre-Confederation Canada Investigate: Why Did Newcomers and British Columbia Want to Find a Way Through the Mountains? Pages 57-62; Examine: What Made First Contact a Turning Point? Pages 63-65 Key Question

8 Why were trading posts established in particular locations? Sample Topics Investigate: Why Did Newcomers Fur trading companies (e.g., the Hudson’s Bay Want to Find a Way Through the Company and the North West Company) Mountains? Pages 57-62

Beaver Wars

Investigate: Why Did Newcomers Explorers: Simon Fraser, Alexander Mackenzie, Want to Find a Way Through the David Thompson Mountains? Pages 57-62

Investigate: What Happens When Different Peoples Meet Each Other? Russian and Spanish trade on the coast Pages 41-44; Investigate: The Idea of Sovereignty, pages 52-56

Establishment of trading posts (e.g., Victoria, Fort Langley, and other forts; Metis communities)

Demographic changes in pre-Confederation British Columbia in both First Peoples and non-First Peoples communities

Sample Topics

Examine: What Made First Contact a Disease Turning Point? Pages 63-65

European and American settlement and migration Increases in raids causing decreases in population

Relocation/resettlement of First Peoples

Economic and political factors that influenced the colonization of British Columbia and its entry into Confederation

Sample Topics Canadian Pacific Railway

Investigate: Who Benefited Most from the Coastal Fur Trade? Pages 45-51; Investigate: The Idea of Fur trade Sovereignty, pages 52-56; Investigate: Why Did Newcomers Want to Find a Way Through the Mountains? Pages 57-62

American settlement

Oregon boundary dispute

Gold rush population boom and bust

Colonial debt Canadian Confederation

Expansion and purchase of Rupert’s Land

The impact of colonization on First Peoples societies in British Columbia and Canada Sample Topics

Examine: What Made First Contact a Disease and demographics Turning Point? Pages 63-65

Investigate: What Happens When Different Peoples Meet Each Other? Pages 41-44; Investigate: Who Benefited Most from the Coastal Fur Trade? Pages 45-51; Investigate: The Idea of Sovereignty, pages 52- Trade 56; Investigate: Why Did Newcomers Want to Find a Way Through the Mountains? Pages 57- 62; Examine: What Made First Contact a Turning Point? Pages 63- 65

More complex political systems

Investigate: The Idea of Loss of territory Sovereignty, pages 52-56

9 Examine: What Made First Contact a Impact on language and culture Turning Point? Pages 63-65

Key events and issues regarding First Peoples rights and interactions with early government in Canada (e.g., the Indian Act, potlatch ban, reserve system, residential schools, treaties)

The history of the local community and of local First Peoples communities Sample Topic Local archives and museums

Investigate: Who Benefited Most Physiographic features and natural from the Coastal Fur Trade? Pages resources of Canada 45-51

Core Competencies: Communication; Thinking; Personal & Social

10 Inquiring Minds: First People and European Contact Judging the Impact

Legend Big Ideas Curricular Competencies Content Core Competencies

Big Ideas Student Resource Eguide Teaching Notes Website The pursuit of valuable natural resources has played a key role in changing the land, people, X and communities of Canada. Interactions between First Peoples and Europeans lead to conflict and cooperation, X which continues to shape Canada’s identity.

Demographic changes in North America created X shifts in economic and political power.

British Columbia followed a unique path in X becoming a part of Canada.

Curricular Competencies Student Resource Eguide Teaching Notes Website

Use Social Studies inquiry processes and skills to ask questions; gather, interpret, and analyze ideas; and communicate findings and decisions Key Skills Question box, page 80; Changes for Identify patterns in information, and use those diagram and caption, patterns to draw inferences. page 82

Thinking Deeper, pages 92-93; Summarize information and opinions about a Viewpoints On…, page 94; The BC selected problem or issue. Inquiry Quest, page 101

Use grids, scales, and legends on maps and HBC Forts map, page 76; Spread of timelines to interpret or represent specific smallpox map, page 93 information.

Apply a variety of strategies for information gathering (e.g. headings, indices, internet searches).

Construct a simple bibliography.

Prepare a presentation using selected communication forms (e.g., debate, diorama, Reflect on Your Learning, page 100; multimedia presentation, dance) to support the The BC Inquiry Quest, page 101 purpose of the presentation.

Apply established criteria for a presentation (e.g., historical accuracy and context).

Identify and clarify a selected problem or issue (e.g., provide details; state reasons, Viewpoints On…, page 94 implications). Create a plan of action to address a chosen problem or issue.

Pages 68-69; Check Your Learning, page 84; Investigate: How Did the Creation of the Colonies Affect the Construct arguments defending the First Nations? Pages 85-90; significance of individuals/groups, places, Investigate: How Did the Spread of events, and developments (significance) Disease Affect First Nations? Pages 91-95; The BC Inquiry Quest, page 101 Key Questions

Pages 68-69; Investigate: How Did the Creation of the Colonies Affect What events are most significant in the story of the First Nations? Pages 85-90; BC’s development? Investigate: How Did the Spread of Disease Affect First Nations? Pages 91-95

Should James Douglas be remembered as the Pages 68-69 father of BC?

What was the most significant reason for BC’s entry into Confederation?

Thinking Like An…Historian: How can Ask questions, corroborate inferences, and a document help us see the past? draw conclusions about the content and Pages 78-79; Thinking Deeper, page origins of different sources (evidence) 92 Sample Activities

11 Use primary sources to make inferences about Stories from the British Colonist , contemporary attitudes toward First Peoples page 90; Thinking Deeper, page 92 during the gold rush years.

Compare and contrast European and First Building a Sawmill, page 87; Peoples accounts of the same event. Question boxes, page 87

Sequence objects, images, and events, and Examine: Continuity and Change determine continuities and changes During the Fur Trade Era, pages 80- between different time periods and places 84; Reflect on Your Learning, page (continuity and change) 100 Sample Activity

Create a timeline of key events in BC’s history.

Key Questions

Investigate: How Did the Creation of How have the economic centres of BC changed the Colonies Affect the First Nations? over time? Pages 85-90

Why is Barkerville no longer a significant economic centre?

What resources are important to people in Investigate: How Did the Creation of present-day BC compared to the past? Explain the Colonies Affect the First Nations? what has changed over time. Pages 85-90

Pages 68-69; Question box, page Differentiate between intended and 74; Investigate: How Did the unintended consequences of events, Creation of the Colonies Affect the decisions, and developments, and First Nations? Pages 85-90; speculate about alternative outcomes Investigate: How Did the Spread of (cause and consequence) Disease Affect First Nations? Pages 91-95; Question box, page 96 Sample Activities Hold a debate about whether BC should have joined the United States or Canada, or become an independent country.

Pages 68-69; Investigate: How Did People Cooperate in the Fur Trade? Pages 73-77; Examine: Continuity and Change During the Fur Trade Era, pages 80-84; Investigate: How Track the positive and negative effects of key Did the Creation of the Colonies events in BC’s development on First Peoples. Affect the First Nations? Pages 85- 90; Investigate: How Did the Spread of Disease Affect First Nations? Pages 91-95; Examine: What Were Some of the Impacts of Colonization? pages 96-99 Key Questions

Was joining Canada the best decision for BC?

Why did Vancouver become BC’s largest city?

Pages 68-69; Examine: Perspectives on the Land, pages 70-72; Construct narratives that capture the Investigate: How Did the Creation of attitudes, values, and worldviews the Colonies Affect the First Nations? commonly held by people at different times Pages 85-90; Thinking Deeper, and places (perspective) pages 92-93; Viewpoints On…, page 94; Reflect on Your Learning, page 100 Sample Activity Compare the “discovery” and “exploration” of Examine: Perspectives on the Land, North America from European and First Peoples pages 70-72 perspectives. Key Question Investigate: How Did People Who benefited most from the early west coast Cooperate in the Fur Trade? Pages fur trade: First Peoples or Europeans? 73-77

12 Pages 68-69; Examine: Perspectives on the Land, pages 70-72; Investigate: How Did People Cooperate in the Fur Trade? Pages Make ethical judgments about events, 73-77; Investigate: How Did the decisions, and actions that consider the Creation of the Colonies Affect the conditions of a particular time and place First Nations? Pages 85-90; Thinking (ethical judgment) Deeper, pages 92-93; Viewpoints On..., page 94; Reflect on Your Learning, page 100; The BC Inquiry Quest, page 101 Sample Activities

Evaluate the fairness of BC’s treaty process. Question box, page 85

Describe the importance of protecting minority rights in a democracy.

Investigate: How Did the Creation of Identify key events and issues in First Peoples the Colonies Affect the First Nations? rights and interactions with early governments in Pages 85-90; Investigate: How Did Canada (e.g., the Indian Act, the establishment the Spread of Disease Affect First of the residential school system, potlatch ban, Nations? Pages 91-95; Examine: reserve system, treaties). What Were Some of the Impacts of Colonization? pages 96-99

Content Student Resource Eguide Teaching Notes Website

Pages 68-69; Examine: Perspectives on the Land, pages 70-72; Investigate: How Did People Early contact, trade, cooperation, and Cooperate in the Fur Trade? Pages conflict between First Peoples and 73-77; Thinking Like An…Historian: European peoples How can a document help us see the past? Pages 78-79; Examine: Continuity and Change During the Fur Trade Era, pages 80-84

Key Questions

Examine: Perspectives on the Land, What motivated explorers and settlers to come pages 70-72; Investigate: How Did to Canada? People Cooperate in the Fur Trade? Pages 73-77

Investigate: How Did People How did the geography of Canada affect Cooperate in the Fur Trade? Pages European exploration? 73-77

Sample Topics Early explorers: Cabot, Frobisher, Hudson, Cartier, Champlain

Voyages of Cook and Vancouver

Provision of muskets to First Peoples by Europeans Spread of horses to the Prairies

Pages 68-69; Investigate: How Did People Cooperate in the Fur Trade? Pages 73-77; Thinking Like An…Historian: How can a document Marriages between First Peoples and Europeans help us see the past? Pages 78-79; Examine: Continuity and Change During the Fur Trade Era, pages 80- 84

Colonial wars and alliances between Europeans and First Peoples (e.g., between Maquinna (Nuu-Pages 68-69; Investigate: How Did chah-nulth) and the Cook expedition or between People Cooperate in the Fur Trade? French colonists and the First Peoples living Pages 73-77 around the Great Lakes)

Pages 68-69; Investigate: How Did People Cooperate in the Fur Trade? Pages 73-77; Thinking Like The fur trade in pre-Confederation Canada An…Historian: How can a document and British Columbia help us see the past? Pages 78-79; Examine: Continuity and Change During the Fur Trade Era, pages 80- 84 Key Question

13 Investigate: How Did People Why were trading posts established in particular Cooperate in the Fur Trade? Pages locations? 73-77; HBC Forts Map, page 76; Question boxes, page 76

Sample Topics Pages 68-69; Investigate: How Did Fur trading companies (e.g., the Hudson’s Bay People Cooperate in the Fur Trade? Company and the North West Company) Pages 73-77

Beaver Wars Explorers: Simon Fraser, Alexander Mackenzie, David Thompson

Russian and Spanish trade on the coast

Pages 68-69; Investigate: How Did People Cooperate in the Fur Trade? Pages 73-77; Thinking Like Establishment of trading posts (e.g., Victoria, An…Historian: How can a document Fort Langley, and other forts; Metis help us see the past? Pages 78-79; communities) Examine: Continuity and Change During the Fur Trade Era, pages 80- 84

Investigate: How Did People Cooperate in the Fur Trade? Pages 73-77; Examine: Continuity and Change During the Fur Trade Era, Demographic changes in pre-Confederation pages 80-84; Investigate: How Did British Columbia in both First Peoples and the Creation of the Colonies Affect non-First Peoples communities the First Nations? Pages 85-90; Investigate: How Did the Spread of Disease Affect First Nations? Pages 91-95

Sample Topics

Investigate: How Did the Spread of Disease Disease Affect First Nations? Pages 91-95

Pages 68-69; Examine: Continuity and Change During the Fur Trade European and American settlement and Era, pages 80-84; Investigate: How migration Did the Creation of the Colonies Affect the First Nations? Pages 85-90

Increases in raids causing decreases in population Investigate: How Did People Cooperate in the Fur Trade? Pages 73-77; Examine: Continuity and Relocation/resettlement of First Peoples Change During the Fur Trade Era, pages 80-84; Loss of Territory, pages 86-87

Pages 68-69; Investigate: How Did People Cooperate in the Fur Trade? Pages 73-77; Thinking Like An…Historian: How can a document Economic and political factors that help us see the past? Pages 78-79; influenced the colonization of British Examine: Continuity and Change Columbia and its entry into Confederation During the Fur Trade Era, pages 80- 84; Investigate: How Did the Creation of the Colonies Affect the First Nations? Pages 85-90

Sample Topics Canadian Pacific Railway

Pages 68-69; Investigate: How Did People Cooperate in the Fur Trade? Pages 73-77; Thinking Like An…Historian: How can a document Fur trade help us see the past? Pages 78-79; Examine: Continuity and Change During the Fur Trade Era, pages 80- 84

American settlement

Oregon boundary dispute

Gold rush population boom and bust Colonial debt Canadian Confederation

Expansion and purchase of Rupert’s Land

14 Examine: Perspectives on the Land, pages 70-72; Investigate: How Did People Cooperate in the Fur Trade? Pages 73-77; Thinking Like An…Historian: How can a document help us see the past? Pages 78-79; Examine: Continuity and Change The impact of colonization on First Peoples During the Fur Trade Era, pages 80- societies in British Columbia and Canada 84; Investigate: How Did the Creation of the Colonies Affect the First Nations? Pages 85-90; Investigate: How Did the Spread of Disease Affect First Nations? Pages 91-95; Examine: What Were Some of the Impacts of Colonization? pages 96-99

Sample Topics Examine: Continuity and Change During the Fur Trade Era, pages 80- 84; Investigate: How Did the Creation of the Colonies Affect the Disease and demographics First Nations? Pages 85-90; Investigate: How Did the Spread of Disease Affect First Nations? Pages 91-95; Thinking Like A...Demographer, page 95 Pages 68-69; Investigate: How Did People Cooperate in the Fur Trade? Pages 73-77; Thinking Like An…Historian: How can a document Trade help us see the past? Pages 78-79; Examine: Continuity and Change During the Fur Trade Era, pages 80- 84

Investigate: How Did the Creation of the Colonies Affect the First Nations? More complex political systems Pages 85-90; Examine: What Were Some of the Impacts of Colonization? pages 96-99

Examine: Perspectives on the Land, pages 70-72; Loss of Territory, Loss of territory pages 86-87; Examine: What Were Some of the Impacts of Colonization? pages 96-99 Examine: Continuity and Change During the Fur Trade Era, pages 80- 84; Investigate: How Did the Creation of the Colonies Affect the Impact on language and culture First Nations? Pages 85-90; Long- Term Consequences, page 95; Examine: What Were Some of the Impacts of Colonization? pages 96- 99

Investigate: How Did the Creation of Key events and issues regarding First Peoples the Colonies Affect the First Nations? rights and interactions with early government in Pages 85-90; Examine: What Were Canada (e.g., the Indian Act, potlatch ban, Some of the Impacts of reserve system, residential schools, treaties) Colonization? pages 96-99

The history of the local community and of local First Peoples communities Sample Topic Local archives and museums

Physiographic features and natural Examine: Perspectives on the Land, resources of Canada pages 70-72

Core Competencies: Communication; Thinking; Personal & Social

15 Inquiring Minds: First People and European Contact Changes and Consequences

Legend Big Ideas Curricular Competencies Content Core Competencies

Big Ideas Student Resource Eguide Teaching Notes Website The pursuit of valuable natural resources has played a key role in changing the land, people, X and communities of Canada. Interactions between First Peoples and Europeans lead to conflict and cooperation, which continues X to shape Canada’s identity.

Demographic changes in North America created X shifts in economic and political power.

British Columbia followed a unique path in X becoming a part of Canada.

Curricular Competencies Student Resource Eguide Teaching Notes Website

Use Social Studies inquiry processes and skills to ask questions; gather, interpret, and analyze ideas; and communicate findings and decisions Key Skills Question box, page 107; Question Identify patterns in information, and use those box, page 127; Question box, page patterns to draw inferences. 132; Reflect on Your Learning, page 136

Question box, page 105; Viewpoints Summarize information and opinions about a On…, page 124; Question box, page selected problem or issue. 128; Thinking Deeper, page 134; Check Your Learning, page 135

First Nations territories map, page Use grids, scales, and legends on maps and 112; Cariboo Wagon Road map, page timelines to interpret or represent specific 119; Thinking Like A… Political information. Scientist, page 130

Apply a variety of strategies for information gathering (e.g. headings, indices, internet searches).

Construct a simple bibliography.

Prepare a presentation using selected communication forms (e.g., debate, diorama, Reflect on Your Learning, page 136; multimedia presentation, dance) to support the The BC Inquiry Quest, page 137 purpose of the presentation.

Apply established criteria for a presentation (e.g., historical accuracy and context).

Identify and clarify a selected problem or issue (e.g., provide details; state reasons, implications). Create a plan of action to address a chosen problem or issue.

Pages 102-103; The War, pages 115-117; Investigate: Construct arguments defending the Why Did BC Join Confederation? significance of individuals/groups, places, Pages 127-131; Reflect on Your events, and developments (significance) Learning, page 136; The BC Inquiry Quest, page 137 Key Questions

Pages 102-103; Investigate: Why Did What events are most significant in the story of BC Join Confederation? Pages 127- BC’s development? 131; The BC Inquiry Quest, page 137

Should James Douglas be remembered as the father of BC?

What was the most significant reason for BC’s Investigate: Why Did BC Join entry into Confederation? Confederation? Pages 127-131

16 What Are Some Oral Histories of the Ask questions, corroborate inferences, and Gold Rush? Page 113; Coming to the draw conclusions about the content and Gold Fields, pages 120-121; What origins of different sources (evidence) Was Mining Like, pages 122-

Sample Activities

Use primary sources to make inferences about Pages 102-103; Investigate: What contemporary attitudes toward First Peoples Changes Did the Cariboo Gold Rush during the gold rush years. Bring to BC? Pages 118-126

Compare and contrast European and First Peoples What Are Some Oral Histories of the accounts of the same event. Gold Rush? Page 113

Check Your Learning, page 106; Investigate: What Changes Did the Sequence objects, images, and events, and Cariboo Gold Rush Bring to BC? Pages determine continuities and changes between 118-126; Investigate: What Changes different time periods and places (continuity Did the Cariboo Gold Rush Bring to and change) BC? Pages 118-126; Reflect on Your Learning, page 136 Sample Activity

Create a timeline of key events in BC’s history.

Key Questions

Investigate: What Changes Did the How have the economic centres of BC changed Cariboo Gold Rush Bring to BC? Pages over time? 118-126

Why is Barkerville no longer a significant The End of the Gold Rush Era, page economic centre? 126 What resources are important to people in Pages 102-103; Question box, page present-day BC compared to the past? Explain 118 what has changed over time.

Investigate: How Did the Haida respond to Gold Mining on Their Land? Pages 104-106; Examine: How Can a Small Event Help Cause a Big Event?, pages 107-111; Check Your Differentiate between intended and Learning, page 111; Examine: How unintended consequences of events, Did First nations Cope with Change decisions, and developments, and speculate During the Gold Rush? pages 112- about alternative outcomes (cause and 117; Investigate: Why Did BC Join consequence) Confederation? Pages 127-131; Investigate: How Did Confederation Affect First Nations in BC? pages 132- 135; Reflect on Your Learning, page 136 Sample Activities Hold a debate about whether BC should have Investigate: Why Did BC Join joined the United States or Canada, or become an Confederation? Pages 127-131 independent country.

Investigate: How Did the Haida respond to Gold Mining on Their Land? Pages 104-106; Examine: How Can a Small Event Help Cause a Big Track the positive and negative effects of key Event?, pages 107-111; Examine: events in BC’s development on First Peoples. How Did First nations Cope with Change During the Gold Rush? pages 112-117; Investigate: How Did Confederation Affect First Nations in BC? pages 132-135 Key Questions Investigate: Why Did BC Join Was joining Canada the best decision for BC? Confederation? Pages 127-131

Why did Vancouver become BC’s largest city?

Construct narratives that capture the attitudes, values, and worldviews commonly Pages 102-103; Primary sources and held by people at different times and places question boxes, page 132 (perspective) Sample Activity Compare the “discovery” and “exploration” of What Are Some Oral Histories of the North America from European and First Peoples Gold Rush? Page 113 perspectives. Key Question

17 Who benefited most from the early west coast fur trade: First Peoples or Europeans?

The Fraser Canyon War, pages 115- Make ethical judgments about events, 117; Investigate: How Did decisions, and actions that consider the Confederation Affect First Nations in conditions of a particular time and place BC? pages 132-135; Reflect on Your (ethical judgment) Learning, page 136 Sample Activities

Investigate: How Did Confederation Evaluate the fairness of BC’s treaty process. Affect First Nations in BC? pages 132- 135

Describe the importance of protecting minority rights in a democracy.

Identify key events and issues in First Peoples rights and interactions with early governments in Investigate: How Did Confederation Canada (e.g., the Indian Act, the establishment of Affect First Nations in BC? pages 132- the residential school system, potlatch ban, 135 reserve system, treaties).

Content Student Resource Eguide Teaching Notes Website Early contact, trade, cooperation, and conflict between First Peoples and European peoples Key Questions What motivated explorers and settlers to come to Canada?

How did the geography of Canada affect European exploration? Sample Topics Early explorers: Cabot, Frobisher, Hudson, Cartier, Champlain

Voyages of Cook and Vancouver

Provision of muskets to First Peoples by Europeans Spread of horses to the Prairies

Marriages between First Peoples and Europeans

Colonial wars and alliances between Europeans and First Peoples (e.g., between Maquinna (Nuu- chah-nulth) and the Cook expedition or between

The fur trade in pre-Confederation Canada and British Columbia Key Question Why were trading posts established in particular locations? Sample Topics

Fur trading companies (e.g., the Hudson’s Bay Company and the North West Company)

Beaver Wars Explorers: Simon Fraser, Alexander Mackenzie, David Thompson

Russian and Spanish trade on the coast

Establishment of trading posts (e.g., Victoria, Fort Langley, and other forts; Metis communities)

18 Investigate: How Did the Haida respond to Gold Mining on Their Land? Pages 104-106; Examine: How Can a Small Event Help Cause a Big Event?, pages 107-111; Examine: How Did First nations Cope with Demographic changes in pre-Confederation Change During the Gold Rush? pages British Columbia in both First Peoples and 112-117; Investigate: What Changes non-First Peoples communities Did the Cariboo Gold Rush Bring to BC? Pages 118-126; Investigate: Why Did BC Join Confederation? Pages 127-131; Investigate: How Did Confederation Affect First Nations in BC? pages 132-135

Sample Topics Disease

Investigate: How Did the Haida respond to Gold Mining on Their Land? Pages 104-106; Examine: How Can a Small Event Help Cause a Big Event?, pages 107-111; Examine: European and American settlement and migration How Did First nations Cope with Change During the Gold Rush? pages 112-117; Thinking Like A... Demographer, page 125; Investigate: Why Did BC Join Confederation? Pages 127-131

Increases in raids causing decreases in population

Investigate: How Did Confederation Relocation/resettlement of First Peoples Affect First Nations in BC? pages 132- 135

Investigate: How Did the Haida respond to Gold Mining on Their Land? Pages 104-106; Examine: How Can a Small Event Help Cause a Big Event?, pages 107-111; Examine: Economic and political factors that How Did First nations Cope with influenced the colonization of British Change During the Gold Rush? pages Columbia and its entry into Confederation 112-117; Investigate: What Changes Did the Cariboo Gold Rush Bring to BC? Pages 118-126; Investigate: Why Did BC Join Confederation? Pages 127-131

Sample Topics

Investigate: Why Did BC Join Confederation? Pages 127-131; Canadian Pacific Railway Making the Decision, page 129; BC Joins Confederation, page 131

Fur trade

Examine: How Did First Nations Cope American settlement with Change During the Gold Rush? pages 112-117

Oregon boundary dispute

Investigate: How Did the Haida respond to Gold Mining on Their Land? Pages 104-106; Examine: How Can a Small Event Help Cause a Big Event?, pages 107-111; Examine: Gold rush population boom and bust How Did First Nations Cope with Change During the Gold Rush? pages 112-117; Investigate: What Changes Did the Cariboo Gold Rush Bring to BC? Pages 118-126

Investigate: Why Did BC Join Colonial debt Confederation? Pages 127-131

Investigate: Why Did BC Join Canadian Confederation Confederation? Pages 127-131

Thinking Like A…Political Scientist, Expansion and purchase of Rupert’s Land page 130

19 Investigate: How Did the Haida respond to Gold Mining on Their Land? Pages 104-106; Examine: How Can a Small Event Help Cause a Big The impact of colonization on First Peoples Event?, pages 107-111; Examine: societies in British Columbia and Canada How Did First Nations Cope with Change During the Gold Rush? pages 112-117; Investigate: How Did Confederation Affect First Nations in BC? pages 132-135

Sample Topics

Thinking Like A...Demographer, page Disease and demographics 125

Investigate: How Did the Haida Trade respond to Gold Mining on Their Land? Pages 104-106 Investigate: How Did Confederation More complex political systems Affect First Nations in BC? pages 132- 135

Examine: How Can a Small Event Help Cause a Big Event?, pages 107- 111; Examine: How Did First Nations Cope with Change During the Gold Rush? pages 112-117; Investigate: Loss of territory What Changes Did the Cariboo Gold Rush Bring to BC? Pages 118-126; Investigate: How Did Confederation Affect First Nations in BC? pages 132- 135

Impact on language and culture

Key events and issues regarding First Peoples Investigate: How Did Confederation rights and interactions with early government in Affect First Nations in BC? pages 132- Canada (e.g., the Indian Act, potlatch ban, 135 reserve system, residential schools, treaties)

The history of the local community and of Check Your Learning, page 126 local First Peoples communities Sample Topic Local archives and museums

Investigate: How Did the Haida Physiographic features and natural Respond to Gold Mining on Their resources of Canada Land? Pages 104-106; Question box, page 118

Core Competencies: Communication; Thinking; Personal & Social

20 Inquiring Minds: First People and European Contact How We Remember

Legend Big Ideas Curricular Competencies Content Core Competencies

Big Ideas Student Resource Eguide Teaching Notes Website The pursuit of valuable natural resources has played a key role in changing the land, people, X and communities of Canada. Interactions between First Peoples and Europeans lead to conflict and cooperation, which continues X to shape Canada’s identity.

Demographic changes in North America created X shifts in economic and political power.

British Columbia followed a unique path in becoming a part of Canada.

Curricular Competencies Student Resource Eguide Teaching Notes Website

Use Social Studies inquiry processes and skills to ask questions; gather, interpret, and analyze ideas; and communicate findings and decisions Key Skills

Pages 138-139; Thinking Like An…Historian, page 141; Thinking Like An…Historian, page 145; Identify patterns in information, and use those Question box, page 151; Question patterns to draw inferences. box, page 154; Question box, page 158; Thinking Like An… Historian, page 161; The BC Inquiry Quest, page 165

Summarize information and opinions about a Viewpoints On…, page 146 selected problem or issue.

Waddington's Route map, page 149; Use grids, scales, and legends on maps and Thinking Like A… Geographer, page timelines to interpret or represent specific 149; Events of the Chilcotin War information. map, page 155

Apply a variety of strategies for information gathering (e.g. headings, indices, internet searches).

Construct a simple bibliography.

Prepare a presentation using selected communication forms (e.g., debate, diorama, Reflect on Your Learning, page 164 multimedia presentation, dance) to support the purpose of the presentation.

Apply established criteria for a presentation (e.g., historical accuracy and context).

Identify and clarify a selected problem or issue (e.g., provide details; state reasons, implications). Create a plan of action to address a chosen problem or issue.

Pages 138-139; Investigate: How Do We Remember the Past? Pages 140- Construct arguments defending the 147; Examine: What is the significance of individuals/groups, places, Significance of the Chilcotin War? events, and developments (significance) Pages 158-163; Reflect on Your Learning, page 164; The BC Inquiry Quest, page 165 Key Questions

Pages 138-139; Investigate: How Do We Remember the Past? Pages 140- What events are most significant in the story of 147; Examine: What is the BC’s development? Significance of the Chilcotin War? Pages 158-163; The BC Inquiry Quest, page 165

Should James Douglas be remembered as the father of BC?

21 What was the most significant reason for BC’s Examine: What is the Significance of entry into Confederation? the Chilcotin War? Pages 158-163

Pages 138-139; Oral Traditions as Evidence, page 142; Check Your Learning, page 147; Thinking Like An…Historian, page 150; Investigate: Ask questions, corroborate inferences, and What Were the Causes of the draw conclusions about the content and Chilcotin War? Pages 148-157; origins of different sources (evidence) Thinking Like An…Historian, page 161; Examine: What is the Significance of the Chilcotin War? Pages 158-163; The BC Inquiry Quest, page 165 Sample Activities

Pages 138-139; Proclamation poster and caption, page 150; Daily British Use primary sources to make inferences about Colonist article and question box, contemporary attitudes toward First Peoples page 153; Colonial Dispatch, page during the gold rush years. 154; Begbie letter and question box, page 156; Thinking Like An…Historian, page 161

Pages 138-139; Check Your Learning, page 147; Investigate: What Were Compare and contrast European and First Peoples the Causes of the Chilcotin War? accounts of the same event. Pages 148-157; Examine: What is the Significance of the Chilcotin War? Pages 158-163

Sequence objects, images, and events, and determine continuities and changes between different time periods and places (continuity and change) Sample Activity

Create a timeline of key events in BC’s history. Check Your Learning, page 157

Key Questions How have the economic centres of BC changed over time?

Why is Barkerville no longer a significant economic centre? What resources are important to people in present-day BC compared to the past? Explain what has changed over time.

Differentiate between intended and Investigate: What Were the Causes unintended consequences of events, of the Chilcotin War? Pages 148-157; decisions, and developments, and speculate Examine: What is the Significance of about alternative outcomes (cause and the Chilcotin War? Pages 158-163 consequence)

Sample Activities Hold a debate about whether BC should have joined the United States or Canada, or become an independent country.

Investigate: What Were the Causes Track the positive and negative effects of key of the Chilcotin War? Pages 148-157; events in BC’s development on First Peoples. Examine: What is the Significance of the Chilcotin War? Pages 158-163

Key Questions

Was joining Canada the best decision for BC?

Why did Vancouver become BC’s largest city?

Investigate: How Do We Remember the Past? Pages 140-147; Construct narratives that capture the Investigate: What Were the Causes attitudes, values, and worldviews commonly of the Chilcotin War? Pages 148-157; held by people at different times and places Examine: What is the Significance of (perspective) the Chilcotin War? Pages 158-163; Reflect on Your Learning, page 164

Sample Activity

22 Compare the “discovery” and “exploration” of North America from European and First Peoples perspectives. Key Question Who benefited most from the early west coast fur trade: First Peoples or Europeans?

Make ethical judgments about events, Investigate: What Were the Causes decisions, and actions that consider the of the Chilcotin War? Pages 148-157; conditions of a particular time and place Reflect on Your Learning, page 164 (ethical judgment) Sample Activities

Evaluate the fairness of BC’s treaty process.

Describe the importance of protecting minority rights in a democracy.

Identify key events and issues in First Peoples rights and interactions with early governments in Canada (e.g., the Indian Act, the establishment of the residential school system, potlatch ban, reserve system, treaties).

Content Student Resource Eguide Teaching Notes Website Early contact, trade, cooperation, and conflict between First Peoples and European peoples Key Questions What motivated explorers and settlers to come to Canada?

How did the geography of Canada affect European exploration? Sample Topics Early explorers: Cabot, Frobisher, Hudson, Cartier, Champlain

Voyages of Cook and Vancouver Pages 138-139

Provision of muskets to First Peoples by Europeans Spread of horses to the Prairies

Marriages between First Peoples and Europeans

Colonial wars and alliances between Europeans and First Peoples (e.g., between Maquinna (Nuu- chah-nulth) and the Cook expedition or between

The fur trade in pre-Confederation Canada and British Columbia Key Question Why were trading posts established in particular locations? Sample Topics

Fur trading companies (e.g., the Hudson’s Bay Company and the North West Company)

Beaver Wars Explorers: Simon Fraser, Alexander Mackenzie, Pages 138-139 David Thompson

Russian and Spanish trade on the coast

Establishment of trading posts (e.g., Victoria, Fort Pages 138-139 Langley, and other forts; Metis communities)

Investigate: How Do We Remember the Past? Pages 140-147; Demographic changes in pre-Confederation Investigate: What Were the Causes British Columbia in both First Peoples and of the Chilcotin War? Pages 148-157; non-First Peoples communities Examine: What is the Significance of the Chilcotin War? Pages 158-163

Sample Topics

23 Investigate: What Were the Causes of the Chilcotin War? Pages 148-157; Disease Examine: What is the Significance of the Chilcotin War? Pages 158-163

Investigate: How Do We Remember the Past? Pages 140-147; Investigate: What Were the Causes European and American settlement and migration of the Chilcotin War? Pages 148-157; Examine: What is the Significance of the Chilcotin War? Pages 158-163

Increases in raids causing decreases in population

Relocation/resettlement of First Peoples

Investigate: How Do We Remember Economic and political factors that the Past? Pages 140-147; Examine: influenced the colonization of British What is the Significance of the Columbia and its entry into Confederation Chilcotin War? Pages 158-163 Sample Topics Canadian Pacific Railway

Fur trade

American settlement

Oregon boundary dispute

Investigate: How Do We Remember the Past? Pages 140-147; Investigate: What Were the Causes Gold rush population boom and bust of the Chilcotin War? Pages 148-157; Examine: What is the Significance of the Chilcotin War? Pages 158-163

Examine: What is the Significance of Colonial debt the Chilcotin War? Pages 158-163

Examine: What is the Significance of Canadian Confederation the Chilcotin War? Pages 158-163

Expansion and purchase of Rupert’s Land

Investigate: What Were the Causes The impact of colonization on First Peoples of the Chilcotin War? Pages 148-157; societies in British Columbia and Canada Examine: What is the Significance of the Chilcotin War? Pages 158-163 Sample Topics

Investigate: What Were the Causes of the Chilcotin War? Pages 148-157; Disease and demographics Examine: What is the Significance of the Chilcotin War? Pages 158-163

Trade

More complex political systems

Investigate: What Were the Causes of the Chilcotin War? Pages 148-157; Loss of territory Examine: What is the Significance of the Chilcotin War? Pages 158-163

Impact on language and culture

Key events and issues regarding First Peoples rights and interactions with early government in Canada (e.g., the Indian Act, potlatch ban, reserve system, residential schools, treaties)

The history of the local community and of local First Peoples communities Sample Topic Local archives and museums

Physiographic features and natural resources of Canada

24 Core Competencies: Communication; Thinking; Personal & Social

25 Inquiring Minds: First People and European Contact Making Responsible Choices About the Land

Legend Big Ideas Curricular Competencies Content Core Competencies

Big Ideas Student Resource Eguide Teaching Notes Website The pursuit of valuable natural resources has played a key role in changing the land, people, X and communities of Canada. Interactions between First Peoples and Europeans lead to conflict and cooperation, which continues to shape Canada’s identity.

Demographic changes in North America created shifts in economic and political power.

British Columbia followed a unique path in becoming a part of Canada.

Curricular Competencies Student Resource Eguide Teaching Notes Website

Use Social Studies inquiry processes and skills to ask questions; gather, interpret, and analyze ideas; and communicate findings and decisions Key Skills

Question boxes and images, pages Identify patterns in information, and use those 168-169; Check Your Learning, page patterns to draw inferences. 174; Question box, page 184

Question box, page 173; Thinking Like An…Ethicist, page 173; Check Summarize information and opinions about a Your Learning, page 174; Thinking selected problem or issue. Deeper, page 182; Check Your Learning, page 191; The BC Inquiry Quest, page 193

Use grids, scales, and legends on maps and timelines to interpret or represent specific information.

Apply a variety of strategies for information gathering (e.g. headings, indices, internet The BC Inquiry Quest, page 193 searches).

Construct a simple bibliography.

Prepare a presentation using selected communication forms (e.g., debate, diorama, Reflect on Your Learning, page 192; multimedia presentation, dance) to support the The BC Inquiry Quest, page 193 purpose of the presentation.

Apply established criteria for a presentation (e.g., historical accuracy and context).

Identify and clarify a selected problem or issue Check Your Learning, page 183; The (e.g., provide details; state reasons, BC Inquiry Quest, page 193 implications).

Create a plan of action to address a chosen Reflect on Your Learning, page 192; problem or issue. The BC Inquiry Quest, page 193

Construct arguments defending the significance of individuals/groups, places, events, and developments (significance) Key Questions What events are most significant in the story of BC’s development?

Should James Douglas be remembered as the father of BC?

What was the most significant reason for BC’s entry into Confederation?

Ask questions, corroborate inferences, and Jobs in BC by Industry, graph and draw conclusions about the content and caption, page 184 origins of different sources (evidence) Sample Activities

26 Use primary sources to make inferences about contemporary attitudes toward First Peoples during the gold rush years.

Compare and contrast European and First Peoples accounts of the same event.

Pages 166-167; Investigate: How Do We Use the Land in BC? Pages 168- 174; Examine: How Can We Judge Sequence objects, images, and events, and Actions That Took Place in the Past? determine continuities and changes between Pages 175-183; Investigate: How Are different time periods and places (continuity Some Natural Resources Used in BC? and change) Pages 184-187; Examine: Why Are There Disagreements Over Land and Resource Use? Pages 188-191; Reflect on Your Learning, page 192

Sample Activity

Create a timeline of key events in BC’s history.

Key Questions How have the economic centres of BC changed over time?

Why is Barkerville no longer a significant economic centre?

Pages 166-167; Investigate: How Do We Use the Land in BC? Pages 168- 174; Investigate: How Are Some What resources are important to people in Natural Resources Used in BC? Pages present-day BC compared to the past? Explain 184-187; Examine: Why Are There what has changed over time. Disagreements Over Land and Resource Use? Pages 188-19Reflect on Your Learning, page 192

Differentiate between intended and unintended consequences of events, decisions, and developments, and speculate about alternative outcomes (cause and consequence) Sample Activities Hold a debate about whether BC should have joined the United States or Canada, or become an independent country.

Track the positive and negative effects of key events in BC’s development on First Peoples. Key Questions

Was joining Canada the best decision for BC?

Why did Vancouver become BC’s largest city?

Examine: How Can We Judge Actions Construct narratives that capture the That Took Place in the Past? Pages attitudes, values, and worldviews commonly 175-183; Examine: Why Are There held by people at different times and places Disagreements Over Land and (perspective) resource Use? Pages 188-191

Sample Activity Compare the “discovery” and “exploration” of North America from European and First Peoples perspectives. Key Question Who benefited most from the early west coast fur trade: First Peoples or Europeans?

Pages 166-167; Examine: How Can We Judge Actions That Took Place in the Past? Pages 175-183; Make ethical judgments about events, Investigate: How Are Some Natural decisions, and actions that consider the Resources Used in BC? Pages 184- conditions of a particular time and place 187; Examine: Why Are There (ethical judgment) Disagreements Over Land and resource Use? Pages 188-191; Reflect on Your Learning, page 192 Sample Activities

27 Examine: How Can We Judge Actions Evaluate the fairness of BC’s treaty process. That Took Place in the Past? Pages 175-183

Describe the importance of protecting minority rights in a democracy.

Identify key events and issues in First Peoples Examine: How Can We Judge Actions rights and interactions with early governments in That Took Place in the Past? Pages Canada (e.g., the Indian Act, the establishment of 175-183; Reflect on Your Learning, the residential school system, potlatch ban, page 192 reserve system, treaties).

Content Student Resource Eguide Teaching Notes Website Early contact, trade, cooperation, and conflict between First Peoples and European peoples Key Questions What motivated explorers and settlers to come to Canada?

How did the geography of Canada affect European exploration? Sample Topics Early explorers: Cabot, Frobisher, Hudson, Cartier, Champlain

Voyages of Cook and Vancouver

Provision of muskets to First Peoples by Europeans Spread of horses to the Prairies

Marriages between First Peoples and Europeans

Colonial wars and alliances between Europeans and First Peoples (e.g., between Maquinna (Nuu- chah-nulth) and the Cook expedition or between

The fur trade in pre-Confederation Canada and British Columbia Key Question Why were trading posts established in particular locations? Sample Topics

Fur trading companies (e.g., the Hudson’s Bay Company and the North West Company)

Beaver Wars Explorers: Simon Fraser, Alexander Mackenzie, David Thompson

Russian and Spanish trade on the coast

Establishment of trading posts (e.g., Victoria, Fort Langley, and other forts; Metis communities)

Demographic changes in pre-Confederation British Columbia in both First Peoples and non-First Peoples communities

Sample Topics Disease

European and American settlement and migration

Increases in raids causing decreases in population

Relocation/resettlement of First Peoples

Economic and political factors that influenced the colonization of British Columbia and its entry into Confederation

Sample Topics Canadian Pacific Railway

Fur trade

American settlement

28 Oregon boundary dispute

Gold rush population boom and bust

Colonial debt Canadian Confederation

Expansion and purchase of Rupert’s Land

Examine: How Can We Judge Actions The impact of colonization on First Peoples That Took Place in the Past? Pages societies in British Columbia and Canada 175-183 Sample Topics Disease and demographics

Trade Examine: How Can We Judge Actions More complex political systems That Took Place in the Past? Pages 175-183 Examine: How Can We Judge Actions Loss of territory That Took Place in the Past? Pages 175-183 Examine: How Can We Judge Actions Impact on language and culture That Took Place in the Past? Pages 175-183

Key events and issues regarding First Peoples Examine: How Can We Judge Actions rights and interactions with early government in That Took Place in the Past? Pages Canada (e.g., the Indian Act, potlatch ban, 175-183 reserve system, residential schools, treaties)

The history of the local community and of local First Peoples communities Sample Topic Local archives and museums

Pages 166-167; Investigate: How Do We Use the Land in BC? Pages 168- 174; Investigate: How Are Some Physiographic features and natural Natural Resources Used in BC? Pages resources of Canada 184-187; Examine: Why Are There Disagreements Over Land and resource Use? Pages 188-191; Reflect on Your Learning, page 192

Core Competencies: Communication; Thinking; Personal & Social

29