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Human Geography those brought by Internet use and smart phones, before as of dances, martial arts, festivals, and collections of cul- moving on to spatial and territorial planning. That word tural artifacts with historic significance. These include the territory crops up again, and it is almost as if we were back Baegun Hwasang Chorok Buljo Jikji Simchi Yojeol—roughly in the first section as we look at very similar maps. The translated as the Anthology of the Great Buddhist Priests’ Zen difference is that these maps belong to a series of com- Teachings—which was produced in 1377, and is the oldest prehensive territorial plans from 1972–2001. This spatial known book printed with movable metal type anywhere in development is all part of a larger, national plan, which is the world. then taken down to the regional administrative level. At the regional level, the atlas turns to research and develop- The final pages of this atlas contain three beautiful, ment, local economies, industry, demographics, and qual- 1:1,2000,000-scale maps of the Northern, Central, and ity of life. The quality of life illustrations are some of my Southern regions of Korea, and come complete with an favorites, along with the maps of population and human Index. All in all, this book can perhaps be best described settlement. I really appreciated the combination of maps, as it was in the Preface: “the National Atlas of Korea, with charts, and photographs in this section of the Atlas, and name of localities in indigenous language, will circulate a it was interesting to see the juxtaposition of maps devel- truthful understanding of Korea’s physical and human en- oped from newer GIS technologies with the ancient maps vironments internationally” (ii). found on pages 24 through 33. I am left with the impres- sion, however, that these newer technologies could have OBTAINING THIS ATLAS been utilized more fully, such as to intersect layers of data. For example, school data and happiness data could have All volumes of The National Atlas of Korea are available been combined to show if children attending school in online for viewing or download at no cost by visiting the Republic of Korea are happier than school children nationalatlas.ngii.go.kr. elsewhere in the world. Instead the reader has to find and compare data from different places in the Atlas to discover Distribution of the five hardcover volumes of the atlas this. has been delegated to the Korean Geographical Society (KGS). We are told that KGS is distributing a very limited The fourth section is “Korea in the World,” and it begins number of the books for $150 per volume (excluding ship- with a world map on Robinson’s projection, with countries ping). It is suggested that interested parties contact KGS color-coded by the date of establishment of diplomatic re- directly at this address: Korean Geographical Society. lations, and superimposed with colored dots representing 1413-ho, 213-12. Saechang-ro. Yongsan-gu. Seoul. 140- the types of major treaties in effect. This base map is used, 871. Korea. with a of couple variants and exceptions, throughout this section to illustrate Korea’s place on the world political REFERENCE stage, and in such global economic fields as international investment and trade, global research, and lending/aid to Savada, Andrea Matles, and William Shaw, eds. 1992. A other countries. The last part of this section looks at the Country Study: South Korea, 4th edition. Washington, cultural richness of Korean heritage through photographs DC: Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/ of sites and celebrations, with the location of each mapped. item/91039109. There are photos of temples and historic villages, as well THE NATIONAL ATLAS OF KOREA, VOLUME III: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Edited by Bae-Gyoon Park, Wonho Lee, 252 pages. Free online; see “Obtaining this Atlas,” below. Chul Sue Hwang, Jinmu Choi, Jongnam Choi, and Gregory Chu ISBN: 978-89-93841-23-7 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Trans- port; and National Geographic Information Review by: Yeong-Hyun Kim, Ohio University Institute (NGII), Republic of Korea,2016 Cartographic Perspectives, Number 91, 2018 Reviews | 166 In 2016, the National Geographic Information Institute Korea will also find the Atlas useful in identifying practi- (NGII) of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) published cal data sources and, more generally, providing a starting the National Atlas of Korea (English Edition), a much-re- point for further exploration. vised third edition of a work first published in 1989. Due to the South Korean Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, According to its “Preface,” Volume III of The National and Transport’s continued support, the new edition was Atlas of Korea should serve to promote “an accurate under- published in five volumes in print, and is also freely avail- standing” of South Korea to future generations of Koreans able online. All of the maps, text, tables, and illustrations and achieve “a truthful understanding of Korea’s human of the Atlas are available at nationalatlas.ngii.go.kr in environments” (page iv) around the world. One may ask both Korean and English, and are downloadable as PDFs. whether it is possible, or even desirable, for a national atlas The focus of this review is on Volume III of theNational to provide an accurate and truthful account of a country’s Atlas of Korea, which is dedicated to human geography. human geography, something that is subject to diverse and often mutually contradictory interpretations. South This volume of the Atlas aims to present both the dynamic Korea’s human geography is changing rapidly and some- transformation and the sustainable development of South what unpredictably with the ongoing economic and geo- Korea’s “national territory and human life” (page iv). It political changes in the East Asian region, and whether consists of four sections: the first, “National Territory and this picture of the land and its people will retain its rele- Places of Life,” provides a geographical overview of South vance in the future is not at all assured. Korea’s human-environment interactions, with a particu- lar focus on urban and regional development. The second The human geography of South Korea has been signifi- section, “Population and Living,” addresses population cantly transformed in recent years, but at the same time growth, distribution, and migration along with their im- it has continued to maintain many of its basic elements. pacts. This section also highlights several important recent Volume III of The National Atlas of Korea is comprehen- changes in South Korea’s demographic trends that include sive, but it lacks a concluding section which could have an aging population, a small but growing foreign-born offered a much more integrative summation of the various population, and a significant increase in single-person issues and their implications for the land and the people of households. The third section of the volume, “Industrial the Korean Peninsula. It would also have been much more Activities,” is devoted to the structural and spatial trans- helpful if each section and subsection of the volume had formation of the South Korean economy, looking at the a short introductory overview describing the core themes changing location of economic activities both within and issues it covers, and how they are related to those in South Korea and across international borders, as well as other sections. It is never easy for an extensively compre- the rise of new industries and growth sites. The fourth and hensive atlas, such as The National Atlas of Korea, to present final section, “Society and Culture,” describes the socio- a series of interrelated and connected themes, but clearly cultural, political, health, and educational geography of written and informative introductions would have helped. South Korean society. Volume III of the National Atlas of Korea brings together 16 sub-sections on the economic, These interconnections are further confused by the orga- urban, social, cultural, political, population, and environ- nization of some of the subsections within sections. For mental geography of South Korea, with articles contrib- example, the “Sustainable Land Development” subsection uted by many of that country’s best-known and respected of “National Territory and Places of Life” covers a range human geographers. of diverse topics, including regional development plans, natural disasters, accidents, and crimes, which might The English edition of the Atlas is undoubtedly one of the not be particularly relevant to a discussion of sustainable most comprehensive and valuable sources of information land development. If the goal was to use a human securi- for the general public about contemporary South Korea. ty approach in analyzing the sustainable development of For both students and schoolteachers, it should serve as a South Korea, this material might better have been com- very useful reference to help them visualize what is hap- bined with the “Use of National Territory” subsection pening in that country. Many academics, researchers, and covering challenges in food, water, and energy security, other professionals who are interested in understanding among other topics. Another example of the awkward or- key issues in the changing human geography of South ganization of subsections and topics can be found in the Cartographic Perspectives, Number 91, 2018 Reviews | 167 “Industrial Activities” section. While international trade OBTAINING THIS ATLAS has played and continues to play a highly significant role All volumes of The National Atlas of Korea are available in the growth and expansion of South Korea’s industrial online for viewing or download at no cost by visiting activities, this topic is discussed only briefly (150–151) and nationalatlas.ngii.go.kr. is not emphasized in the subsections detailing individual manufacturing and service industries. Distribution of the five hardcover volumes of the atlas has been delegated to the Korean Geographical Society Despite its shortcomings, Volume III of The National Atlas (KGS).
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