Transfer of Manis Crassicaudata, M. Pentadactyla, M. Javanica from Appendix II to Appendix I
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Genetic Variability and Divergence of Neutrodiaptomus Tumidus Kiefer 1937
Young et al. Zoological Studies 2014, 53:22 http://www.zoologicalstudies.com/content/53/1/22 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Genetic variability and divergence of Neutrodiaptomus tumidus Kiefer 1937 (Copepoda: Calonida) among 10 subpopulations in the high mountain range of Taiwan and their phylogeographical relationships indicated by mtDNA COI gene Shuh-Sen Young1*, Yan-Ying Lee1 and Min-Yun Liu2 Abstract Background: In the mountain area of Taiwan, we investigated 10 subpopulations of Neutrodiaptomus tumidus Kiefer 1937 living in isolated alpine ponds or lakes. We used mitochondrial DNA cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence as molecular marker to investigate the population genetic structure and their phylogeographical relationships. Results: We obtained 179 sequences from 10 subpopulations and found 94 haplotypes. Nucleotide composition was AT-rich. Haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (π) indicated significant genetic differences between subpopulations (Hd = 0.131 ~ 0.990; π = 0.0002 ~ 0.0084); genetic differentiation index (Fst) and gene flow index (Nm) also exhibited significant genetic diversification between subpopulations (Fst = 0.334 ~ 0.997; Nm =0~1).Using Tajima’s D and Fu and Li’s D*andF* as neutrality tests, we found that the nucleotide variation within the population was consistent with the neutral theory except in the JiaLuoHu subpopulation. The JiaLuoHu subpopulation significantly deviated from the neutral theory and was speculated to have experienced a bottleneck effect. According to the phylogenetic tree, these alpine lake subpopulations could be divided into four phylogroups (northern region, Xueshan group, central region, and southwestern region). Xueshan group contains one subpopulation, DuRongTan, which is a unique group relative to other groups. -
Investing in Asia Pacific 2018
Investing in Asia Pacific 2018 Taiwan Audit / Tax / Advisory Smart decisions. Lasting value. Table of Contents Business Climate .................................................................................. 3 Getting to Know this Asia-Pacific Hub .................................................. 3 10 Investment Advantages in Taiwan ................................................... 6 Advantageous Environment .............................................................. 10 A Transparent, Friendly Tax System.................................................... 10 Highly Professional Workforce ........................................................... 16 Stable Development of Finance and Foreign Exchange.................... 21 Vibrant Lifestyle .................................................................................. 25 A Handy Guide to Visas and Residency............................................. 25 Appendix I Company Establishment ................................................. 30 Appendix II Offices for Investment Services .................................... 36 Business Climate Taiwan is located at the southernmost point of Northeast Asia, at the center of the East Asian island arc and the western edge of the Pacific Ocean, with Japan and the Ryukyu Islands to the north and the Philippines to the south. It is not only an important Asia-Pacific trade and logistics hub but also a major strategic base. Across its 36,000 km2 are diverse natural elements and rich cultures. Getting to Know this Asia-Pacific Hub A Diverse -
Autecology of the Sunda Pangolin (Manis Javanica) in Singapore
AUTECOLOGY OF THE SUNDA PANGOLIN (MANIS JAVANICA) IN SINGAPORE LIM T-LON, NORMAN (B.Sc. (Hons.), NUS) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2007 An adult male Manis javanica (MJ17) raiding an arboreal Oceophylla smaradgina nest. By shutting its nostrils and eyes, the Sunda Pangolin is able to protect its vulnerable parts from the powerful bites of this ant speces. The scales and thick skin further reduce the impacts of the ants’ attack. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My supervisor Professor Peter Ng Kee Lin is a wonderful mentor who provides the perfect combination of support and freedom that every graduate student should have. Despite his busy schedule, he always makes time for his students and provides the appropriate advice needed. His insightful comments and innovative ideas never fail to impress and inspire me throughout my entire time in the University. Lastly, I am most grateful to Prof. Ng for seeing promise in me and accepting me into the family of the Systematics and Ecology Laboratory. I would also like to thank Benjamin Lee for introducing me to the subject of pangolins, and subsequently introducing me to Melvin Gumal. They have guided me along tremendously during the preliminary phase of the project and provided wonderful comments throughout the entire course. The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) provided funding to undertake this research. In addition, field biologists from the various WCS offices in Southeast Asia have helped tremendously throughout the project, especially Anthony Lynam who has taken time off to conduct a camera-trapping workshop. -
Report on Biodiversity and Tropical Forests in Indonesia
Report on Biodiversity and Tropical Forests in Indonesia Submitted in accordance with Foreign Assistance Act Sections 118/119 February 20, 2004 Prepared for USAID/Indonesia Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan No. 3-5 Jakarta 10110 Indonesia Prepared by Steve Rhee, M.E.Sc. Darrell Kitchener, Ph.D. Tim Brown, Ph.D. Reed Merrill, M.Sc. Russ Dilts, Ph.D. Stacey Tighe, Ph.D. Table of Contents Table of Contents............................................................................................................................. i List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. v List of Figures............................................................................................................................... vii Acronyms....................................................................................................................................... ix Executive Summary.................................................................................................................... xvii 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................1- 1 2. Legislative and Institutional Structure Affecting Biological Resources...............................2 - 1 2.1 Government of Indonesia................................................................................................2 - 2 2.1.1 Legislative Basis for Protection and Management of Biodiversity and -
PROCEEDINGS of the WORKSHOP on TRADE and CONSERVATION of PANGOLINS NATIVE to SOUTH and SOUTHEAST ASIA 30 June – 2 July 2008, Singapore Zoo Edited by S
PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON TRADE AND CONSERVATION OF PANGOLINS NATIVE TO SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA 30 June – 2 July 2008, Singapore Zoo Edited by S. Pantel and S.Y. Chin Wildlife Reserves Singapore Group PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON TRADE AND CONSERVATION OF PANGOLINS NATIVE TO SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA 30 JUNE –2JULY 2008, SINGAPORE ZOO EDITED BY S. PANTEL AND S. Y. CHIN 1 Published by TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia © 2009 TRAFFIC Southeast Asia All rights reserved. All material appearing in these proceedings is copyrighted and may be reproduced with permission. Any reproduction, in full or in part, of this publication must credit TRAFFIC Southeast Asia as the copyright owner. The views of the authors expressed in these proceedings do not necessarily reflect those of the TRAFFIC Network, WWF or IUCN. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The TRAFFIC symbol copyright and Registered Trademark ownership is held by WWF. TRAFFIC is a joint programme of WWF and IUCN. Layout by Sandrine Pantel, TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Suggested citation: Sandrine Pantel and Chin Sing Yun (ed.). 2009. Proceedings of the Workshop on Trade and Conservation of Pangolins Native to South and Southeast Asia, 30 June-2 July -
Detailed Species Accounts from The
Threatened Birds of Asia: The BirdLife International Red Data Book Editors N. J. COLLAR (Editor-in-chief), A. V. ANDREEV, S. CHAN, M. J. CROSBY, S. SUBRAMANYA and J. A. TOBIAS Maps by RUDYANTO and M. J. CROSBY Principal compilers and data contributors ■ BANGLADESH P. Thompson ■ BHUTAN R. Pradhan; C. Inskipp, T. Inskipp ■ CAMBODIA Sun Hean; C. M. Poole ■ CHINA ■ MAINLAND CHINA Zheng Guangmei; Ding Changqing, Gao Wei, Gao Yuren, Li Fulai, Liu Naifa, Ma Zhijun, the late Tan Yaokuang, Wang Qishan, Xu Weishu, Yang Lan, Yu Zhiwei, Zhang Zhengwang. ■ HONG KONG Hong Kong Bird Watching Society (BirdLife Affiliate); H. F. Cheung; F. N. Y. Lock, C. K. W. Ma, Y. T. Yu. ■ TAIWAN Wild Bird Federation of Taiwan (BirdLife Partner); L. Liu Severinghaus; Chang Chin-lung, Chiang Ming-liang, Fang Woei-horng, Ho Yi-hsian, Hwang Kwang-yin, Lin Wei-yuan, Lin Wen-horn, Lo Hung-ren, Sha Chian-chung, Yau Cheng-teh. ■ INDIA Bombay Natural History Society (BirdLife Partner Designate) and Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History; L. Vijayan and V. S. Vijayan; S. Balachandran, R. Bhargava, P. C. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhupathy, A. Chaudhury, P. Gole, S. A. Hussain, R. Kaul, U. Lachungpa, R. Naroji, S. Pandey, A. Pittie, V. Prakash, A. Rahmani, P. Saikia, R. Sankaran, P. Singh, R. Sugathan, Zafar-ul Islam ■ INDONESIA BirdLife International Indonesia Country Programme; Ria Saryanthi; D. Agista, S. van Balen, Y. Cahyadin, R. F. A. Grimmett, F. R. Lambert, M. Poulsen, Rudyanto, I. Setiawan, C. Trainor ■ JAPAN Wild Bird Society of Japan (BirdLife Partner); Y. Fujimaki; Y. Kanai, H. -
Fun in Taiwan! the Best Guide to Taiwan
Fun in Taiwan! The Best Guide to Taiwan Cosmos Culture Ltd. Tel: +886-(0)2-2365-9739 Fax: +886-(0)2-2365-9835 Website: www.cosmoselt.com Email: [email protected] ISBN: 978-986-318-098-2 First Published 2014 Copyright © 2014 by Cosmos Culture Limited All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, whether it be electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the authors. Author • Andrew Crosthwaite Proofreader • Cheryl Robbins, Zachary Fillingham Editor • Peggy Ting Graphic designer • Peggy Ting 2 Table of Contents Unit 1 Taiwan— The Big Picture 8 Reading Dialogs Chapter 1 Reading 10 Taking a trip in Taiwan 14 Landscape and Climate Talking about when to visit Taiwan 15 Chapter 2 Reading 18 Talking about Dutch rule in Taiwan 22 Reflecting on the Past Asking about the Japanese occupation of Taiwan 23 Chapter 3 Reading 26 Chatting about cultural diversity 30 Cultures, People, and Chatting about language 31 Languages Chapter 4 Reading 34 Talking about religion 38 Religious Practice Talking about going to a fortune teller 39 Chapter 5 Reading 42 Talking about Taiwan’s biggest industries 46 Economic Development Talking about unemployment in Taiwan 47 3 Unit 2 Travel and Accommodation 50 Chapter 6 Reading 52 Calling the Taiwan Railways Administration Long-Distance Travel helpline for information about a train journey 56 Asking for advice about getting from Taipei to Tainan 57 Chapter -
Mediterranean Plant Collections: the Computerised Way Forward
BIODIVERSITY DATABASES: GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY INFORMATION FACILITY INITIATIVE (GBIF). María Encinas GBIF.ES, Unidad de Coordinación [email protected] www.gbif.es Summary • Biodiversity and the relevance of primary data •Some of the most important initiatives gathering and publishing biodiversity data on line •GBIF Initiative – Introduction – Chronology –GBIF basic principles –GBIF: Why and What for? • GBIF Spain •As a result: Data portals and examples of searches •Practical cases BIODIVERSITY AND THE RELEVANCE OF PRIMARY DATA Biodiversity is… “The variability among living organisms from all sources, including, 'inter alia', terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are part: this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems“ United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. Then biodiversity is a complex term... • Gene diversity • Species diversity • Biological communities diversity • Ecosystem diversity According to Noss & Cooperrider (1994), Decker et al. (1991) y Riley & Mohr (1994) Biodiversity conservation as a concern… • Biodiversity conservation has been so far, a matter of concern as several international agreements, strategies and plans reflect. • Biodiversity conservation has effects on very different areas and it is essential for nearly every aspect of human well‐being: policy, economy, society… as showed in the following picture. The relevance of open access to biodiversity data … •Open access to information is a trend nowadays and it should be a target, -
Modeling Incipient Use of Neolithic Cultigens by Taiwanese Foragers: Perspectives from Niche Variation Theory, the Prey Choice Model, and the Ideal Free Distribution
quaternary Article Modeling Incipient Use of Neolithic Cultigens by Taiwanese Foragers: Perspectives from Niche Variation Theory, the Prey Choice Model, and the Ideal Free Distribution Pei-Lin Yu Department of Anthropology, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr., Boise, ID 83725, USA; [email protected] Received: 3 June 2020; Accepted: 14 August 2020; Published: 7 September 2020 Abstract: The earliest evidence for agriculture in Taiwan dates to about 6000 years BP and indicates that farmer-gardeners from Southeast China migrated across the Taiwan Strait. However, little is known about the adaptive interactions between Taiwanese foragers and Neolithic Chinese farmers during the transition. This paper considers theoretical expectations from human behavioral ecology based models and macroecological patterning from Binford’s hunter-gatherer database to scope the range of responses of native populations to invasive dispersal. Niche variation theory and invasion theory predict that the foraging niche breadths will narrow for native populations and morphologically similar dispersing populations. The encounter contingent prey choice model indicates that groups under resource depression from depleted high-ranked resources will increasingly take low-ranked resources upon encounter. The ideal free distribution with Allee effects categorizes settlement into highly ranked habitats selected on the basis of encounter rates with preferred prey, with niche construction potentially contributing to an upswing in some highly ranked prey species. In coastal plain habitats preferred by farming immigrants, interactions and competition either reduced encounter rates with high ranked prey or were offset by benefits to habitat from the creation of a mosaic of succession ecozones by cultivation. Aquatic-focused foragers were eventually constrained to broaden subsistence by increasing the harvest of low ranked resources, then mobility-compatible Neolithic cultigens were added as a niche-broadening tactic. -
Twin Mammals and COVID-19: Life and Science of the Suspects
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 27 March 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0410.v1 Twin Mammals and COVID-19: Life and Science of the Suspects Naser A. Anjum Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh – 202 002 U.P. (India) e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] SCOPUS author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=23097123400 © 2020 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license. Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 27 March 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0410.v1 Abstract The world is puzzling over the origin of the current outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that is caused by a novel coronavirus-2019 (2019-nCoV). As of 25th March 2020, the World Health Organization has reported 4,14,179 confirmed cases and 18,440 confirmed deaths in total due to COVID-19. To this end, two unique mammals namely bats and pangolins are being investigated for their potential link to COVID-19. However, the evidence so far gathered in this context is far from clear. This paper aimed to: (i) enlighten the major aspects of life of bats and pangolins; (ii) briefly discusses their potential link to COVID-19; and also (iii) to highlight the way forward. The outcomes may contribute to future research on the subject. Keywords Coronavirus; 2019-nCoV; COVID-19; bat, pangolin Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 27 March 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0410.v1 1. Introduction In humans, several respiratory infections ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) are known to be due a large family of viruses called as coronaviruses. -
Roadside Geology of Taiwan: a Field Guide
Roadside geology of taiwan: DȱHOGJXLGH 4UFQIBOJF$IFO About the cover 5IFDPWFSQIPUPEFQJDUTUIFGPMEFE HOFJTTFTJO5BSPLP/BUJPOBM1BSL "MMQIPUPTJOUIJTCPPLCZ 4UFQIBOJF$IFO 'PSNZGBNJMZ PREFACE 5IJTCPPLIBTCFFOXSJUUFOBTQBSUPGUIF 6OJWFSTJUZPG5PSPOUP`T#JH*EFBT&YQMPSJOH (MPCBM5BJXBODPNQFUJUJPO*UIBEBMXBZT CFFONZESFBNUPKVTUDBNQPVUBUBMPDBUJPO GPSBNPOUITBOELOPXFWFSZSPDLBOEPVU DSPQMJLFUIFCBDLPGNZIBOE BOEFWFOUVBMMZ XSJUFBpFMEHVJEFMJLFUIFPOFTUIBUHVJEFE NFUISPVHINZPXOHFPMPHZFEVDBUJPO *EJEO`UHFUUPTUBZGPSNPOUIT*OGBDU *XBTPOMZBCMFUPTUBZGPSPOFNPOUI CVUJU XBTTUJMMBOJODSFEJCMFFYQFSJFODF BOEUSVMZ IVNCMJOH 5BJXBO`THFPMPHZJTWFSZEJWFSTFBOE DPOUBJOTTPNBOZMPDBMTDBMFWBSJBUJPOTXIJDI BUNBOZUJNFTBSFIBSEBOEDIBMMFOHJOHUP pOE*U`TIPUBOEIVNJE NPTRVJUPFTBCPVOE BOEWFOPNPVTTOBLFTMVSLCFOFBUIUIFCSVTI #VUGPSUIPTFXIPBSFXJMMJOHUPUBLFUIFDIBM MFOHFBOEFYQFSJFODFXIBUUIJTMJUUMFJTMBOE DPVOUSZIBTUPP⒎FS ZPVXJMMOPUCFEJTBQ QPJOUFE 4UFQIBOJF C9. Tai Shan Tunnel 42 Table of contents C10. He Huan Shan 45 Southeast Coast 49 SE1. Fanshuliao Bridge 49 SE2. Baxian Cave 50 SE3. East Taiwan Ophiolite 52 Introduction i SE4. Wanrong 55 SE5. Taimali 56 Northern Coast 1 SE6. Lichi Badlands 57 N1. Yu-Ao Roadcut 1 SE7. Sanxiantai 61 N2. Yu-Ao Fishing Port 2 Southwest Coast 67 N3. Yehliu Geopark 4 N4. 13-Level Cu Refinery/Golden Waterfall 9 SW1. Wu Shan Ding 68 N5. Nanya Rock 11 SW2. Xing Yang Nu Hu Bee Farm 70 N6. Heping Dao (Peace Island) 14 SW3. Moon World 71 N7. Elephant’s Trunk/Shen Ao Promontory 16 SW4. Laterites in Southern Taiwan 74 N8. Longdong 20 N9. Bitou Cape 21 N10. Turtle Island 22 N11. Miaoli -
Smutsia Temminckii – Temminck's Ground Pangolin
Smutsia temminckii – Temminck’s Ground Pangolin African Pangolin Working Group and the IUCN Species Survival Commission Pangolin Specialist Group) is Temminck’s Ground Pangolin. No subspecies are recognised. Assessment Rationale The charismatic and poorly known Temminck’s Ground Pangolin, while widely distributed across the savannah regions of the assessment region, are severely threatened by electrified fences (an estimated 377–1,028 individuals electrocuted / year), local and international bushmeat and traditional medicine trades (since 2010, the number of Darren Pietersen confiscations at ports / year has increased exponentially), road collisions (an estimated 280 killed / year) and incidental mortalities in gin traps. The extent of occurrence Regional Red List status (2016) Vulnerable A4cd*†‡ has been reduced by an estimated 9–48% over 30 years National Red List status (2004) Vulnerable C1 (1985 to 2015), due to presumed local extinction from the Free State, Eastern Cape and much of southern KwaZulu- Reasons for change No change Natal provinces. However, the central interior (Free State Global Red List status (2014) Vulnerable A4d and north-eastern Eastern Cape Province) were certainly never core areas for this species and thus it is likely that TOPS listing (NEMBA) (2007) Vulnerable the corresponding population decline was far lower overall CITES listing (2000) Appendix II than suggested by the loss of EOO. Additionally, rural settlements have expanded by 1–9% between 2000 and Endemic No 2013, which we infer as increasing poaching pressure and *Watch-list Data †Watch-list Threat ‡Conservation Dependent electric fence construction. While throughout the rest of Africa, and Estimated mature population size ranges widely increasingly within the assessment region, local depending on estimates of area of occupancy, from 7,002 and international illegal trade for bushmeat and to 32,135 animals.