A Case Study on Local Cultural Sensibility and Healing Tourism in

Young Suk Kwon Preservation Research Institute, Pusan National University, , Korea

Keywords: Local cultural sensibility, healing tourism, cultural heritage.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop tourism resources that can create promising economic benefits for the future society and provide basic data for creative regional development by looking at examples of successful development of the tourism industry that fits the Korean local cultural sensibility image. For this purpose, it explores the meaning of local cultural sensibility, classifies the local cultural resources into the material, human, and sociocultural resources, and focuses on countries that show global success stories about the of cultural resources that each resource has. In addition, the study investigates the healing tourism policies each local government has implemented for the local cultural sensibility differentiated by focusing on Busan, Gangwon-do, and Jeju-do of Korea. As a result, Busan has implemented a global marine tourism industry policy as an international city based on ocean sensibility. In Gangwon-do, the local cultural characteristics formed by the mountain cultural sensibility developed abundant natural resources in the high mountain area and food resources in the clean area, providing various local cultural resources to tourists. Finally, the healing tourism industry in the , the pearl of Korea, has promoted an attractive global tourism industry associating with various trails formed around Mount Halla along with the harmonization of the marine resources surrounding the entire island and the unique indigenous local culture of Jeju.

1 INTRODUCTION considering how each region has developed these images into a successful healing tourism resource. Local culture is a sociocultural product formed Furthermore, it seeks to restore the meaning of local through a long history and processes of social change cultural sensibility that meets the new era and in each region based on locality. Therefore, the local provides basic data for healing tourism. culture has region-specific cultural values and meanings that we cannot see in different areas. In the wake of the recent digital-based Fourth Industrial 2 MEANING OF LOCAL Revolution, people’s emotions are becoming CULTURAL SENSIBILITY increasingly dry. People are wandering in search of new patterns of life within the harsh artificial 2.1 What is Local Cultural Sensibility? intelligence system that are continuously changing the areas of human life beset by a wave of new Local culture is a specialized cultural product unique technologies. The unique emotional realm that to the region formed over time based on locality, humans have is in danger of deteriorating and drying which represents the unique identity of the local up. Thus, it is necessary to prepare a new life pattern community. On the other hand, we can consider local for an emotional-cultural space where people can cultural sensibility from the perspective of how the recover their tired bodies and minds. This study local characteristics of each region can affect the examines the sensibility images existing in each emotional realm of human beings. For example, the region, focusing on Busan, Gangwon-do, and Jeju-do locality of Busan is a local sensibility that reflects the regarding the local promotion sea sensibility well. Compared to other , associated with local sensibility in Korea. The study Busan has a local sensibility code that gives freshness also intends to help design tourism products by

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Kwon, Y. A Case Study on Local Cultural Sensibility and Healing Tourism in Korea. DOI: 10.5220/0010398506510655 In Proceedings of the International Conference on Culture Heritage, Education, Sustainable Tourism, and Innovation Technologies (CESIT 2020), pages 651-655 ISBN: 978-989-758-501-2 Copyright c 2021 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved

CESIT 2020 - International Conference on Culture Heritage, Education, Sustainable Tourism, and Innovation Technologies

and refreshment of an open blue image. As such, each The relaxed life of locals in Switzerland provides region has a unique cultural sensibility image created tourists with a nice and friendly character created by by the natural environment and sociocultural nature. Switzerland is attracting attention as a global conditions of the region. These local cultural tourist attraction by providing a national-level sensibility images are the major clues that can meticulous policy support to create a pollution-free characterize the local cultural tourism industry and tourist destination, accessible transportation system, differentiate it from other regions. Since these clues clean air management, and the nature management become a resource that induces attractive curiosity which allows visitors to feel the natural beauty of the about tourism products when tourists visit tourist plain. attractions, it requires special planning to develop local cultural tourism products. Even if regions have 2.2.2 Human Resources the same ocean sensibility, we can differentiate the local sensibility of each region in various ways The human environment refers to the human cultural according to diverse marine resources, natural resources created as a result of social activities and environment other than the sea, and the sociocultural the achievements of the great social leaders who have environment conditions. Additionally, each creative worked in the area, such as artists, politicians, as local local cultural sensibility becomes a valuable local characters created by the historical environment. The cultural asset, which we can transform into a tourism country representing this is the United Kingdom. resource by inducing unusual curiosity for visiting British history is a tourist item that sets it apart from tourists. Therefore, each local government can expect other countries with special tourism products created high added value by discovering and selecting unique from the history of great politicians and royal sensibilities for each region and planning tourism , great literature writers like Shakespeare, and cultural products with creative ideas. In other words, the history of Oxford University. From pictures of unique local cultural resources formed over a long faces of many people decorating the international time can create local cultural values different from airport to many storytelling spaces behind the British other regions. As a result, it will enhance the positive imperial history, Shakespeare’s birthplace, and the image and status of the region, which will be a driving various stories surrounding Oxford University have force stimulating the local economy by attracting become attractive tourist resources in the United many tourists. Kingdom.

2.2 Types and Values of Local Cultural 2.2.3 Sociocultural Resources Resources Finally, sociocultural resources are historical and cultural products made over a long period, mainly Local cultural resources can be divided into three referring to tangible and intangible cultural heritage. main categories: material resources, human Tangible cultural heritage refers to a visible cultural resources, and sociocultural resources. Depending on heritage such as buildings, paintings, sculptures, and the characteristics of each local culture, each resource crafts with artistic value. An intangible cultural will carry out tourism industry policies in each region heritage is an invisible cultural heritage such as by finding key clues for regional development within theatre, dance, and music that has technical values. these three categories. Among these cultural heritage resources, countries designate world-valued cultural heritage resources as 2.2.1 Material Resources an important national . Each country Material resources are local natural environmental establishes policies for cultural properties and resources and are local cultural resources created by preserves and manages it. Italy is a representative geographical features, climate, and soil. It has country that has succeeded in promoting tourism with economic value as a tourism resource that can create sociocultural resources. Italy is a cultural heritage the best added value by building an infrastructure that created by its ancestors and is popular with people manages and fosters the region's unique natural who want to travel to Europe. Italy is putting a lot of environment. For example, Switzerland is a effort into global tourism policies because of its high representative country. Switzerland has developed its share of tourism revenue, and the administrative body tourism industry as a major industry from the past to is also run only by the central government. Every city the present day, with its beautiful natural environment is lined with tourists from all over the world to see the as its primary source of sustainable tourism resources. ancestors’ architectural styles and the immortal masterpieces housed in museums. Truly remarkable

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A Case Study on Local Cultural Sensibility and Healing Tourism in Korea

historical products are telling love and overflowing Busan City has been selected as a target destination stories to future generations. The fact that countless for international tourism city and is pushing for a artists and scholars continue to walk from all over the global marine city development project. As a result, world carries a message that conveys something to the Busan Metropolitan Government is working on our lives struggling with modern times. As a small port policies to ease regulations such as the Mediterranean flower, Italy delights tourists with its Restriction of Special Taxation Act and the Tariff Act rich cultural heritage, beautiful natural scenery, and for Free Trade. Jagalchi Market, International Market the image of an advanced country leading in design. (Gukje Market), Taejongdae, Haeundae, Moulundae, As discussed above, the cultural heritage of each and Songdo are some of the most representative region creates a local with the tourist attractions in Busan. uniqueness and originality of each region based on material, human and sociocultural tourism resources, 3.2 Mountain Local Cultural and uses this as a tourism resource. Sensibility and Healing Tourism, Gangwon-do

3 LOCAL CULTURAL The Gangwon-do region is promoting tourism culture SENSIBILITY AND HEALING policy by properly harmonizing two elements of the sea sensibility formed along the east coast and the TOURISM IN KOREA cultural sensibility of the mountain region formed along the Mountains. Here we look at the 3.1 Busan, Marine Area Sensibility and characteristics of the local culture created by the Healing Tourism cultural sensibility of the deep mountain areas and the healing tourism policy of the region. First of all, the Busan is a port city in the southern part of Korea. Gangwon-do region has a cultural sensibility created Busan has the image of an international city with the by the beautiful mountains and fertile soil. Gangwon- development of commerce, marine cultural resources do has ski resorts and monorail, rail bikes, beach of the port city, and many foreign visitors. In trains formed along the east coastline, and abundant particular, as Busan has a port close to the city center, food produced by the soil. Various herbs produced in we can expect a tourism industry that combines local this clean area, as well as potatoes and corn, a staple industries with various contents. Thus, Busan is of Gangwon-do, are popular with tourists as local developing into a global tourist city. Around Songdo, branded products. They have developed a variety of Haeundae, and Taejongdae, centering on luxury processing and cooking methods that can attract hotels and restaurants where people can especially tourists to their famous food. Since the land is fertile feel the ocean sensibility, there are various kinds of and the altitude is high, eco-friendly vegetables in this famous restaurants and sashimi restaurants along with clean area have been distributed nationwide through the open blue sea. In addition, magnificent bridges a chain network. As local indigenous products are in across the middle of the sea are particularly the limelight nationwide, there is a system of direct noticeable. There are convention centers, art galleries, and indirect delivery to homes. The reason that the and museums in the city center to hold international Gangwon-do region can supply food with abundant events, providing various cultural contents. Marine nutrients with clean local agricultural products is that culture-related festivals such as international film alpine plants over 1,400m above sea level grow on festivals are receiving favorable reviews from many fertile soil formed of broad-leaved trees in this region. tourists visiting Busan as well. Busan also has a well- Thus, Gangwon-do offers differentiated food from established foundation as an international medical other localities. The mountain ratio is 91.76, and the tourism city to induce optimal tourism for foreigners average elevation is 468 meters. Most of which are visiting Busan with the ocean sensibility as the deep mountains. With its clear and beautiful natural primary image. To this end, Busan City is focusing on scenery encompassing mountains, lakes, seas, it the medical tourism industry with a high-quality provides shelter for tourists. Fresh spaces such as medical tourism infrastructure by constructing a birch forest trails and cypress tree forests can give nuclear hospital along the coastline of the East Sea, visitors a comfortable green sensibility, providing a which has beautiful scenery. Large and small hotels space for natural healing of the body and mind. and cafes full of culture and art decorate the coastline Meaningful artists from other regions are attracting beautifully, providing a space for relaxation and foreign tourists by adding the local cultural sensibility healing to Busan citizens and tourists. Recently, to the global cultural sensibility. Typical examples

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CESIT 2020 - International Conference on Culture Heritage, Education, Sustainable Tourism, and Innovation Technologies

include beer tasting and strawberry farm experience business orders linked to the storytelling department tours. It also provides various cultural contents to at Jeju National University or through a national many tourists seeking to heal in the mountains. public offering project. By discovering invisible myths and stories that come down through oral 3.3 Island Local Cultural Sensibility traditions, it creates tangible assets that can serve as a and Healing Tourism, Jeju Island model for modern people, encouraging tourists to experience an exotic culture. The themes of Jeju Island is a small island located at the storytelling in Jeju include Jeju’s myths and other southernmost tip of Korea. Its size is almost the same geological formation processes, the history of Jeju as that of Samosir Island, Indonesia. It is an people’s joys and sorrows, and Jeju’s unique lifestyle. outstanding tourist destination that is receiving attention from many tourists visiting Korea with its unique sensibility image formed by volcanic 4 CONCLUSIONS outcroppings. Jeju Island was designated as a biosphere reserve As described above, examples of cultural tourism in December 2002, registered as a World Natural were examined centering on Busan, Gangwon-do and Heritage Site in June 2007, and given the title of Jeju-si in Korea as basic data for regional cultural Global Geopark in October 2010. As a result, Jeju’s sensitivity and healing tourism industry. This was tourism industry became more active and developed studied because the natural environment and into an international tourist city. Many people visit as conditions surrounding the northern Sumatra region a space for re-creation for work such as various of Indonesia have similar environments to those of international events and conferences, company these three . And the results of this training, and orientation for new employees. The study are intended to help the development of the airport is also open to the same level as international tourism industry in the Toba lake region in the future. flights, so it is popular with domestic people as a Toba lake It is a unique island created in a huge special travel product. The characteristics of the local lake formed by volcanic eruptions and beautiful sensibility image of Jeju are the Forest of Reflection natural scenery from ancient times, and the region has in various forms and the Olle trail that spreads in all the richest tourism and cultural resources in the directions around Mount Halla. Most of the roads northern Sumatra region. In each region, relative harmonize with the fresh sea landscape and attract family communities have owned a family-oriented tourists as a special place of healing and relaxation. village culture for a long time. In addition, the unique As many Olle trails, such as the Forest of Reflection, cultural heritages that have not changed easily due to are built, many tourists visiting Jeju Island adjust to the environment of the island area are well preserved nature and recover their body and mind while walking in oral or visible form. Therefore, in the future, these the long and short forest trails. The Olleh trail is a cultural assets can give tourists a sacred message that harmonious blend of Jeju's diverse indigenous and is not common in modern society. modern cultures, providing exotic attractions for Therefore, we need to find and study the invisible tourists. and intangible cultural heritage of this Tobe Lake In addition to the Olle trail, Jeju Island has area. And from a new perspective, it is necessary to recently been making storytelling based on the history develop tourism resources through continuous and culture of Jeju people in various parts of the Jeju research that can benefit the modern society. In other area and turning local culture into a resource. As words, it is necessary to create useful values of the modern society recognizes the importance of the culture of the region through research. And it should emotional era in preparation for the age of artificial provide tourists visiting the Toba Lake region with intelligence, many people became interested in new and unique Toba Lake region tourism and planning tourism and cultural products through cultural products. Therefore, policy support is needed storytelling. In particular, Jeju Island is rapidly to quickly lay the foundation for a sustainable global moving in response to this trend, creating various tourism culture. storytelling with local government budgets. They have created a suitable space in the middle of the Forest of Reflection, including theme parks, to display them or to offer tourists with local cultural REFERENCES attractions in the form of an experience canter. They make such storytelling through the process of Bang, B.M., 2012, Promoting Local Development throuth Farm Experience Tour: Focused on the Case Study of

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A Case Study on Local Cultural Sensibility and Healing Tourism in Korea

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