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Appendix a Conversion Tables Appendix A Conversion Tables Not all are familiar with the exponential method of writing figures employed in these conversion tables to save space and avoid cumbersome zeros. It is only necessary to write the significant digits, and then multiply by ten, raised to the power shown, in order to obtain the correct decimal point. For example: 1 = 10°, 10= 10\ 100= 102 , and 1000= 10 3 . If 2568 is written exponentially, it could be written as 2.568 x 10 3, 0.2568 X 104 , 25.68 X 10 2, etc. Or, the decimal point is moved to the right the number of places indicated by the exponent. Sometimes the decimal point must be moved to the left. A negative exponent indicates this: 0.1=10-\ 0.01=10- 2 , and 0.001=10- 3 . Suppose we have the number 0.0000002568. This can be written as 2.568 x 10 - 7, 25.68 x 10 - 8 or 0.2568 x 10- 6. In multiplying, the exponents are added, if divided, they are subtracted. Only the significant digits need be multiplied or divided. For example: (2.34 x 106 ) x (0.56 x 10 3)=(1.3104) x 10 6 + 3 or 1.3104 x 109. Written out the number is 1 310 400 000. If the same numbers are divided; the answer is (2.34/0.56) x 106 - 3 or 4.1786 x 10 3 which is 4 178.6. To indicate square or cubic units, 2 or 3 as an exponent is used. For example: 10 cubic yards would be yd 3 , or 10 square feet would be fe. If one has 5 ounces per cubic yard, the symbolism uses a negative exponent for the "per", or 5 oz yd - 3. Sometimes we wish to show so many grams per liter, which could be written as g 1- 1, the negative exponent one being used to express the relationship. .j:>. Table 1. Conversion for length 'f mm cm m Ian In ft yd mi 1 millimeter (mm) 1 0.1 10-3 10- 6 0.04 0.003 0.001 6.2 x 10- 7 1 centimeter (cm) 10 1 10- 2 10-5 0.39 0.03 om 6.2x 10- 6 1 meter (m) 103 100 1 10-3 39.4 3.28 1.1 6.2 x 10-4 1 kilometer (km) 106 105 103 1 3.9 X 104 3.3 X 103 1.1 X 103 0.62 1 inch (in) 25.4 2.54 0.03 2.5xlO- 5 1 0.08 0.03 1.6 x 10-5 1 foot (ft) 304.8 30.5 0.3 3.0 x 10-4 12 1 0.33 1.9 x 10-4 1 yard (yd) 914.4 91.4 0.91 9.1 x 10-4 36 3 1 5.7 X 10- 4 1 mile (mi) 1.6 x 106 1.6 X 105 1.6 X 103 1.60 6.3 x 104 5280 1760 1 To convert from units in left column, multiply by the factor under the appropriate column heading. 7 8 10 9 4 6 Note: 1 Angstrom (A) = 10- mrn= 10- cm= 10- m= ~.9 x 10- in; 1 micron (11)= 10-5 mm= 10- cm= 10- m= 3.9 x 10-5 in; 1 millimicron (mil) = 1 nanometer (nm) = 10- 8 mrn = 10- 7 cm= 10- 9 m= 3.9 x 10- 8 in; 1 mil = 10-3 in =0.0254 mm Table 2. Conversion for volume m 3 cm3 ft3 yd3 in3 bu 1 cubic meter (m3) 1 10 6 103 35.3 1.3 6.1 x 104 28.4 1 cubic centimeter (cm 3) 10- 6 1 10-3 3.5 X 10-5 1.3 X 10- 6 0.061 2.8 x 10-5 1 liter 10-3 103 1 0.035 1.3 x 10-3 61.02 0.028 1 cubic foot (ft3) 0.028 2.8 x 104 28.3 1 0.037 1728.0 0.804 1 cubic yard (yd3) 0.756 7.6 x 105 764.1 27 1 4.7 x 104 21.71 1 cubic inch (in3) 1.6 x 10-5 16.4 0.016 5.8 x 10-4 2.1 X 10-5 1 4.7 X 10-4 1 bushel (bu) 0.035 3.5 x 104 35.24 1.24 0.046 2.2 x 103 1 1 quart (qt) (fluid) 9.5 x 10-4 947.0 0.947 0.033 1.2 x 10-3 57.7 0.031 () 0 1 gall on (gal) 3.8x 10- 3 3785.0 3.8 0.134 4.9 x 10-3 231 0.107 ::l 5 5 4 <: 1 ounce (oz) (fluid) 2.9 x 10- 29.57 0.029 1.04 x 10- 3 3.9 X 10- 1.8 8.4 x 10- <1> .... 2.3 X 10- 4 8.4 x 10-3 3.1 x 10-4 6.7 x 10-3 en 1 cup 236.5 0.237 14.5 o· 1 pint (pt) (fluid) 4.8 x 10- 4 473.0 0.473 0.017 6.2 x 10-4 28.9 0.013 ::l 4 3 >-l 1 peck 3.2 x 10- 9.1 X 10 9.1 0.311 0.012 537.6 0.25 III 1 teaspoon (tsp) 5.0xlO- 6 5 5 X 10-3 1.8 X 10-3 6.6x 10- 5 0.308 1.4 x 10-4 0" en<> Table 2 (continued) n 0 ::l < (1) qt gal oz cup pt peck tsp ..., en o· 1 cubic meter (m 3) 1.1 x 10 3 262.6 3.4 X 104 4.2 X 103 2.1 X 10 3 3.1 X 10 3 2 X 10 5 ::l ...., 4 1 cubic centimeter (cm 3) 1.1 x 10- 3 2.6 x 10- 4 0.034 4.2x 10- 3 2.1xlO- 3 1.1 X 10- 0.2 po C1" 1 liter 1.06 0.263 33.8 4.2 2.1 0.110 200 (b 1 cubic foot (ft3) 29.95 7.46 957.3 119.7 59.8 3.21 560 en 1 cubic yard (yd 3) 808.0 202 2.6 x 104 3.2 X 10 3 1.6 X 103 87.4 1.5 x 104 I cubic inch (in 3) 0.017 4.3 x 10- 3 0.55 0.069 0.034 1.9 x 10- 3 3.3 1 bushel (bu) 32.0 9.3 1.2 x 103 148.9 74.4 4.0 7.1 x 10 3 1 quart (qt) (fluid) 1 0.25 32.0 4.0 2.0 0.107 192.0 1 gallon (gal) 4.0 1 128.0 16.0 8.0 0.428 768.0 1 ounce (oz) (fluid) 0.031 7.8xlO- 3 1.0 0.125 0.063 3.4 x 10- 3 6.0 1 cup 0.25 0.063 8.0 1 0.5 0.027 48.0 1 pint (pt) (fluid) 0.5 0.125 16.0 2.0 1 0.054 32.0 1 peck 9.3 2.34 294.1 37.0 18.5 1 592.0 1 teaspoon (tsp) 5.2x 10- 3 1.3 x 10- 3 0.17 0.02 0.031 1.7 x 10- 3 1 To convert from units in the left column, multiply by the factor under the appropriate column heading. Table 3. Conversion for area mm' cm' m' ha km2 in 2 ft' yd' Ac mil I square millimeter (mm') 0.01 10-6 10- 10 10- 12 1.6 x 10-' l.IxlO-' 1.2 x 10- 6 2.5 x 10- 10 3.9 X 10- 13 I square centimeter (cm') 10' 10-4 IO- B 10- 10 0.16 l.l x 10-' 1.2 X 10-4 2.5xlO- B 3.9 x 10- 11 I square meter (m 2) 106 104 I 10-4 10-6 1.6 X 10' 10.8 1.2 2.5x 10-4 3.9 x 10-' I hectare (ha) 10 10 lOB 104 I 10-2 1.6 X 10' l.l X 10' 1.2 X 104 2.5 3.9x 10-' I square kilometer (km') 10 12 10 10 106 10 2 I 1.6 X 10" l.l X 10' 1.2 X 106 247.1 0.39 1 square inch (in 2) 645.2 6.45 6.5x 10-4 6.5xlO- B 6.5x 10- 10 I 6.9 X 10-' 7.7 X 10-4 1.6 x 10-' 2.5 x 10- 10 I square foot (ft') 9.3 x 104 929.0 0.09 9.3 x 10-6 9.3xlO- B 144 I 0.11 2.3xlO-' 2.3xI0- 5 I square yd (yd 2) 8.4 x 10' 8.4 X 10' 0.84 8.4 x 10-' 8.4 x 10-' 1296 9 2.1 x 10-4 3.2x 10-' I acre (Ac) 4.0 x 10" 4.0 X 10' 4.0 X 10' 0.4 4.0 x 10-' 6.3 x 106 4.4 X 104 4.8 X 10' I 1.6 x 10-' I square mile (mi2) 2.6 x 10 12 2.6 X 10 10 2.6 X 106 259.0 2.6 4.0 x 10" 4.4 X 104 3.1 X 106 640.0 1 \0 To convert from units in the left column, multiply by the factor under the appropriate column heading.
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