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The Metric System: America Measures Up. 1979 Edition. INSTITUTION Naval Education and Training Command, Washington, D.C

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DOCONENT RESUME ED 191 707 031 '926 AUTHOR Andersonv.Glen: Gallagher, Paul TITLE The Metric System: America Measures Up. 1979 Edition. INSTITUTION Naval Education and Training Command, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO NAVEDTRA,.475-01-00-79 PUB CATE 1 79 NOTE 101p. .AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing .Office, Washington, DC 2040Z (Stock Number 0507-LP-4.75-0010; No prise quoted). E'DES PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Cartoons; Decimal Fractions: Mathematical Concepts; *Mathematic Education: Mathem'atics Instruction,: Mathematics Materials; *Measurement; *Metric System; Postsecondary Education; *Resource Materials; *Science Education; Student Attitudes: *Textbooks; Visual Aids' ABSTRACT This training manual is designed to introduce and assist naval personnel it the conversion from theEnglish system of measurement to the metric system of measurement. The bcokteliswhat the "move to metrics" is all,about, and details why the changeto the metric system is necessary. Individual chaPtersare devoted to how the metric system will affect the average person, how the five basic units of the system work, and additional informationon technical applications of metric measurement. The publication alsocontains conversion tables, a glcssary of metric system terms,andguides proper usage in spelling, punctuation, and pronunciation, of the language of the metric, system. (MP) ************************************.******i**************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best thatcan be made * * from the original document. * ***************************************************0.****************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION tWELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO. DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN- . ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE- SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EOUCATION POSITION OR POLICY A AMERICA MCA6UPC6 UP NAVAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING COMMAND NAVEDTRA 475-01-00-79 0C-1.3 PREFACE A This training manual is desi ned to introduce .end assist naval personnel in the conversion from the English system of measuremen to the metric system of measurement. The--- textnd illustrations were prepared by DMCM GlenAndersonand JOC Paul GallagherattheNaval 7Edthcationand Training Program development Cenier,iPensacola, Florida, for the Chief of Naval Education and Training. 1979 Edition. Stock Orderingo. 0507-LP-475 -0010 Publish4d by NAVAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT CENTER 'UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT .PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D.C. 1979 Although the words "he", "him", and "his", are used sparingly in, this manual to enhance communication, they are not intended to 'be . gender driven nor, to affront or discriminate against anyone reading The Metric System. 3 For sale by the Superintendent of DocumentsU.S. Government Printing Offige, Washington, D.C. 20402 THE METRIC SYSTEM America Measures Up Prepared by, . DMCM Glen Anderson and JOC Paul Gallagher .tiss9.01T111 4101,7OCR AUG 1 8 1980 4 ft . 11 4I 'IA, Ill''1))' a 6- 1) qono, no, mc I KEPT 61X 1-IONE6T bERViNG.MEN (SO/ TAUGUT ME ALL l*KKEW ) - 114EIR NAMES ARE WHAT AND VII-1Y AND WHEN , AND LIOW AND MERE AND V4/1-10," /-RUDYARD KI PLI NG CHAPTER Page 'Introduction ' 4 What the "move to Metrics" is all about. 1. Histoiy. of...The Metrie" System Why the change to the metric system isnecessary. 2; Living with Metrics... ..: . ...... .... ...'36 How the metric system Will affect your'life. _ . 3. Metric Magic! 54 How the five basic unit's of the metric system work. 4. More Metrics? 72 When additional information is required for technical applications of, the metric system. Tables and Tips. 82 Where to find conversion factors and other helpfuttlata. Glossary. 88 "Who's who" in the metric zoo! Writing Style Guides. ,96 Bibliography 98 (.A BRIEF MaRICPRtLI4PIE-)-Alp Szi'bIRA. pPN, Ift,Atrcp)), sg.RE __> Ntve 41 7 2i ?'e4 D*1:4dit 11 ''''''';,,.' ::,1"#1 I tt%I 0 R tl )-0411)4 « - Ito a 5 TONNE6 '.KEIYINH A#1"/"'' Cfb CN\'V,- 64 KILOGRAM " ''kCENTIMETERS' freerPA.DUM!_6TRIKEUP THE BAND! SING AL. ONG WITH 6AM - I.F YOU DON'T KNOW TI-16,WORD8=I-IUM! 115 AN PLR FAMILIAR TUNE AND WE'LL. HELP YOU NA/1114-TVIE 6ECQND VERSE! 14005E LIGIOV-.CURTAIN -t-IEREvt Go!, THE-MOVE TCYMETAieg . Pradtic011y every nation in .the world now very simple arid,logi system ofipeasuremeht_oalleif the metric systeni. The UnitedkState has decided to use the metric system, also It is mucti s'mpler and easier touse than... our older and more :coripli6ted English systeni of weights and measure.. Th. change frpm thetEnghsh system to. the metric .sygtem israiready undetway. Itis planned to take .pce gradly, but perhapsiyou haVe already noticed some of the'kigeS taking place around you. The q.metries.is,not difficult.' We will still usethy;, thematics (addition,, §ubtraction, ltighcation, 1 'division)learned.. in grammar sc ooL Wp are also very familiar mith the decimal system which is tlidgleart of the metric system. In fact, we actually have very little learning to,do at all, except why the, change is necessary, what effect have 'on .our lives: and how these vbf y simple metric units of measurement are to be used. o5 This book is designed to- help .yon discover for',- yourselfthenecessity,scmplicity, andpersonal benefits of learning and 'Using the metricsystem to loep pace with the world in which we History of the Metric -Systems Is a change to the metric system sYecessary? To understand how necessary 'and very important a change is, you must *first underS.tand some facts about/bo the... old (English) and pew(metric) . systems. This chapter will helpiyou compare the two You will see the change -aq't esiarp-in fact, the sooner the better. , . We thinitc,,, after reading theSe chapters, you',will . agree that.,inWirtup the old English systerh, nothing of vhlub has been lost. sc 6EE TOE DAWN OcCIVC11.1Z11110N... UNRAtit,- 114E tYSTR%CS.Oc:ye METRICUNIVEROE... mvvbvii-lt QurliON-16-11.11TRIP NECE65ARY3 WATERt401-i? YEAC),,,tt AbOUT 50 DINO6AUR LEGS ON DA UDDER 6IDE DA WILL ! HEREWE.ARE AT "SQUARE ONE " -BEFORE.THE DAWN OF + CIVILIZATION WHEN THE WERE NO STANDARDS OF MEASUREMENT. THIS CONDIT ON CAUSED MUCH CONFUSION. AMONG PEOPLE IN. TERMS OF COMMUNICATION AND TRADE. 8 The need for a unified system of weights and measures has existed since the beginning of time: When there was no system, therewas no rheans of communication in terms of weights andmeasures. Trade was difficult, if not impossible'. The world and its kbple suffered greatly under these cOndiklans and did not progress or prospesfor .thou'sanasof 156 CUB. 0OF YUR CL OR4 COP MY FRIEND'-BY W16-McA6UPE-OFCOUR56!----- koA6EMQ____.==.4g446400 EACH TIME A NEW CIVILIZATION WAS BORN -SO WAS A NEW SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT. DOWN THROUGH THE AGES, THE EGYPTIANS, GREEKS, AND ROMANS (AMONG MANY OTHERS) ALL GOT INTO THE ACT. When people began::togrouptogether, civilizations were formed, so there was an urgent need for a unified system of weights and measures. Thesecivili2ations werefarapart, and each developed its own separate system of weighing and 'Measuring things. What these separate systems did have in common was that none were scientific or accurate, as, none were based on anything stable or 'unchanging. For example, the Egyptians declared a cubit to, be equal to the distance of the forearm. But forearms are very different in length. The Greeks and Romans: both had their own ideas of what a foot was Again, they used no stable base for their calculations. They had philosophy and they . had law,' but lacked the scientific means to discover and b their measurements on anything that would remain onstant. L1SIEN UP F001, ! IN A OLD COUNTRY, 114' 01-1146 61RE! MILE, 11'5 1,000 PA5506ALL OF ENGLAND YOU GONNA SPREAD ,51-1ALL NEAR OF 11-1AT AROUND FOR IT!RIG T- ME 140-KAY ? WAy QUITE. OFTEN, THESE VARIOUS SYSTEMS OF MEASUREMENT WERE FORCED ON ONE CIVILIZATION .BY ANOTHER THROUGH CONQUEST. THIS WAS EXACTLY THE CASE IN 55.54 B.C., WHEN. THE ROMANS "INTRODUCED" THEIR SYSTEM TO SOME OF OUR ANCESTORS IN THE BRITISH. ISLES. 12. 111 The RomanS, in particular, were a very aggressive and adventuresome civilization. 'Tilley set out to establish their Roman Em pire in the Old World, and i9 so doing spread their ways. of 'Weights .and measures throughout the nations they conquered. The Romans conquered' Great Btsitain in 54-55 B.C. and made the peOple "IcniicIde under" to Roman waysincluding acceptingthe Roman system 'of weights and measures: NOW MAT T1406E SILLY ROMANS. ARE GONE III 6TRAIGI-ITEN 'BANGS OUT ME MILE 61400LD REALLY BE 6161-IT FURLONGS, DON'T YOU MINK? I JUST ADORE TI-IE LIORSE RACES, YE6641-% DON'T YOU ? "SPORT OF KING5 YA KNOW ut4POOMEI.Y DO BE SURE VAT MC PEASANT6 6IREI GET WORD OF ALL Tlt 16 WON'T YOU? - BRITISH.ROYALTY SPENT 500 YEARS (12th- 16th CENTURIES) .. TRYING TO STRAIGHTEN dui' THE ENGLISH SYSTEM OF *. MEASUREMENT-THEIR ROYAL DECREES ONLY ADDED TO THE CONFUSION.. 14 16. Once Britain became free to make itsown decisions the question of a unified systetnfweights and measures arose again, For 500 years various kings Of England triedto ..standardize their system of measurement. Being kings, they simply "ruled" what particular units of weight or Measure-were to be, andsent out ;he decree throughout the land. Here are some samples of those "standard" weights ammeasures: s'One .Yard = the .distance from the king's nose to his thumb.. One mile = (changed from 5,000 Roman paces) the distance of 8 furlongs (used in horseradng) 5,280 feet. One hundredweight (changed from 100 to 112. pounds)only King Edward knows why and we now have "short" (2,000 pounds) and "long" (2,240 pounds) tons as a result. Again the only thing "uniform" about the English system was that it had constantly missed the mark of being based on anything stable or meaningful.
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