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Maße & Gewichte

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Maße & Gewichte Maße & Gewichte Die Geschichte der Maße und Gewichte Inhaltsverzeichnis 0.1 Geschichte der Maße und Gewichte .................................. 1 0.1.1 Überblick ........................................... 1 0.1.2 Längeneinheiten ....................................... 1 0.1.3 Gewichtseinheiten ...................................... 1 0.1.4 Beispiel der Vielfalt ..................................... 1 0.1.5 Einheiten für Zeit und Winkel ................................ 2 0.1.6 Angelsächsische Maßeinheiten ................................ 2 0.1.7 Das metrische System .................................... 3 0.1.8 Typografische Maßeinheiten ................................. 3 0.1.9 Listen von historischen Maßen und Gewichten ........................ 3 0.1.10 Gebräuchliche Masseeinheiten ................................ 4 0.1.11 Siehe auch .......................................... 4 0.1.12 Literatur ........................................... 4 0.1.13 Weblinks ........................................... 4 0.1.14 Einzelnachweise ....................................... 5 1 Die Anfänge des Messens in der Frühzeit des Menschen 6 1.1 Kognitive Archäologie ......................................... 6 1.1.1 Entstehung .......................................... 6 1.1.2 Kognitive Archäologie heute ................................. 6 1.1.3 Kognitive Archäologie im deutschsprachigen Raum ..................... 7 1.1.4 Kognitive Archäologie in der Diskussion ........................... 7 1.1.5 Literatur ........................................... 7 1.1.6 Siehe auch .......................................... 7 1.1.7 Quellen ............................................ 7 2 Antike 8 2.1 Alte Maße und Gewichte (Antike) .................................. 8 2.1.1 Mesopotamisches System .................................. 8 2.1.2 Ägyptisches System ..................................... 8 2.1.3 Griechisches System ..................................... 8 2.1.4 Römisches System ...................................... 8 2.1.5 Einzelnachweise ....................................... 8 2.1.6 Weblinks ........................................... 8 i ii INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 2.2 Alte Maße und Gewichte (Römische Antike) ............................. 8 2.2.1 Längenmaße ......................................... 9 2.2.2 Flächenmaße ......................................... 9 2.2.3 Volumen ........................................... 9 2.2.4 Gewichte ........................................... 9 2.2.5 Zeitrechnung ......................................... 11 2.2.6 Scriptores gromatici ..................................... 11 2.2.7 Literatur ........................................... 11 2.2.8 Weblinks ........................................... 11 2.2.9 Einzelnachweise ....................................... 11 2.3 Maße und Gewichte in der Bibel ................................... 12 2.3.1 Längenmaße ......................................... 12 2.3.2 Wegemaße .......................................... 12 2.3.3 Volumenmaße ........................................ 12 2.3.4 Gewichte ........................................... 12 2.3.5 Münzen und Geldeinheiten .................................. 12 2.3.6 Literatur ........................................... 12 2.3.7 Einzelnachweise ....................................... 12 2.3.8 Weblinks ........................................... 12 3 Mittelalter und frühere Neuzeit 13 3.1 Vormetrische Längenmaße ...................................... 13 3.1.1 Einleitung .......................................... 13 3.1.2 Die ersten sechs Fußmaße .................................. 14 3.1.3 Ab- oder hergeleitete Maße ................................. 14 3.1.4 Weitere Längenmaße der Antike ............................... 14 3.1.5 Wichtige europäische Längenmaße ............................. 15 3.1.6 Die Diversifikation der Längenmaße im Mittelalter ..................... 15 3.1.7 Siehe auch .......................................... 16 3.1.8 Literatur ........................................... 16 3.1.9 Weblinks ........................................... 16 3.1.10 Einzelnachweise ....................................... 16 3.2 Alte Maße und Gewichte (deutschsprachiger Raum) ......................... 16 3.2.1 Metrisches System ...................................... 16 3.2.2 Zählmaße ........................................... 17 3.2.3 Speyrer Maße ........................................ 17 3.2.4 Längenmaße ......................................... 17 3.2.5 Flächenmaße ......................................... 17 3.2.6 Raummaße .......................................... 17 3.2.7 Gewichtsmaße ........................................ 18 3.2.8 Siehe auch .......................................... 18 3.2.9 Literatur ........................................... 18 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS iii 3.2.10 Weblinks ........................................... 20 3.2.11 Einzelnachweise ....................................... 21 4 Europa / Deutschland 24 4.1 Alte Maße und Gewichte (Baden) ................................... 24 4.1.1 Geschichte .......................................... 24 4.1.2 1810/1829 bis 1871 angewandte Einheiten ......................... 25 4.1.3 Siehe auch .......................................... 25 4.1.4 Literatur ........................................... 25 4.1.5 Einzelnachweise ....................................... 25 4.1.6 Weblinks ........................................... 25 4.2 Alte Maße und Gewichte (Bayern) .................................. 25 4.2.1 Längenmaße ......................................... 26 4.2.2 Flächenmaße ......................................... 26 4.2.3 Volumen ........................................... 26 4.2.4 Gewichte ........................................... 27 4.2.5 Einzelnachweise ....................................... 27 4.2.6 Literatur ........................................... 28 4.3 Alte Maße und Gewichte (Braunschweig) ............................... 28 4.3.1 Längenmaße ......................................... 28 4.3.2 Flächenmaße ......................................... 28 4.3.3 Volumen ........................................... 28 4.3.4 Gewichte ........................................... 28 4.3.5 Siehe auch .......................................... 28 4.3.6 Literatur ........................................... 28 4.3.7 Weblinks ........................................... 28 4.3.8 Einzelnachweise ....................................... 28 4.4 Alte Maße und Gewichte (Hannover) ................................. 28 4.4.1 Längenmaße ......................................... 29 4.4.2 Fläche ............................................ 29 4.4.3 Volumen ........................................... 29 4.4.4 Gewichte ........................................... 29 4.4.5 Einzelnachweise ....................................... 29 4.4.6 Siehe auch .......................................... 29 4.4.7 Weblinks ........................................... 29 4.5 Alte Maße und Gewichte (Hessen) .................................. 29 4.5.1 Großherzogtum Hessen ................................... 29 4.5.2 Kurfürstentum Hessen .................................... 29 4.5.3 Freie Stadt Frankfurt am Main ................................ 29 4.5.4 Siehe auch .......................................... 30 4.5.5 Weblinks ........................................... 30 4.5.6 Einzelnachweise ....................................... 30 iv INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 4.6 Alte Maße und Gewichte (Mecklenburg) ............................... 30 4.6.1 Längenmaße ......................................... 30 4.6.2 Flächenmaße ......................................... 31 4.6.3 Raummaße .......................................... 31 4.6.4 Zählmaße ........................................... 31 4.6.5 Gewichte ........................................... 32 4.6.6 Literatur ........................................... 32 4.7 Nürnberger Maßeinheiten ....................................... 32 4.7.1 Längenmaße ......................................... 32 4.7.2 Flächenmaße ......................................... 33 4.7.3 Volumenmaße ........................................ 33 4.7.4 Gewichtsmaße ........................................ 33 4.7.5 Siehe auch .......................................... 33 4.7.6 Literatur ........................................... 33 4.7.7 Einzelnachweise ....................................... 33 4.8 Alte Maße und Gewichte (Preußen) .................................. 33 4.8.1 Alte preußische Längen- und Flächenmaße ......................... 34 4.8.2 Preußische Maße und Gewichte (1693–1872) ........................ 34 4.8.3 Einzelnachweise ....................................... 39 4.8.4 Literatur ........................................... 40 4.9 Alte Maße und Gewichte (Sachsen) .................................. 40 4.9.1 Übergang zum metrischen System .............................. 40 4.9.2 Längenmaße ......................................... 41 4.9.3 Flächenmaße ......................................... 41 4.9.4 Raummaße .......................................... 42 4.9.5 Massemaße .......................................... 42 4.9.6 Literatur ........................................... 43 4.9.7 Einzelnachweise ....................................... 43 5 Europa 44 5.1 Alte Maße und Gewichte (Dänemark) ................................. 44 5.1.1 Längenmaße ......................................... 44 5.1.2 Flächenmaße ......................................... 44 5.1.3 Hohlmaße .........................................
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