How Are Units of Measurement Related to One Another?
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The Metric System: America Measures Up. 1979 Edition. INSTITUTION Naval Education and Training Command, Washington, D.C
DOCONENT RESUME ED 191 707 031 '926 AUTHOR Andersonv.Glen: Gallagher, Paul TITLE The Metric System: America Measures Up. 1979 Edition. INSTITUTION Naval Education and Training Command, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO NAVEDTRA,.475-01-00-79 PUB CATE 1 79 NOTE 101p. .AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing .Office, Washington, DC 2040Z (Stock Number 0507-LP-4.75-0010; No prise quoted). E'DES PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Cartoons; Decimal Fractions: Mathematical Concepts; *Mathematic Education: Mathem'atics Instruction,: Mathematics Materials; *Measurement; *Metric System; Postsecondary Education; *Resource Materials; *Science Education; Student Attitudes: *Textbooks; Visual Aids' ABSTRACT This training manual is designed to introduce and assist naval personnel it the conversion from theEnglish system of measurement to the metric system of measurement. The bcokteliswhat the "move to metrics" is all,about, and details why the changeto the metric system is necessary. Individual chaPtersare devoted to how the metric system will affect the average person, how the five basic units of the system work, and additional informationon technical applications of metric measurement. The publication alsocontains conversion tables, a glcssary of metric system terms,andguides proper usage in spelling, punctuation, and pronunciation, of the language of the metric, system. (MP) ************************************.******i**************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best thatcan be made * * from -
NO CALCULATORS! APES Summer Work: Basic Math Concepts Directions: Please Complete the Following to the Best of Your Ability
APES Summer Math Assignment 2015 ‐ 2016 Welcome to AP Environmental Science! There will be no assigned reading over the summer. However, on September 4th, you will be given an initial assessment that will check your understanding of basic math skills modeled on the problems you will find below. Topics include the use of scientific notation, basic multiplication and division, metric conversions, percent change, and dimensional analysis. The assessment will include approximately 20 questions and will be counted as a grade for the first marking period. On the AP environmental science exam, you will be required to use these basic skills without the use of a calculator. Therefore, please complete this packet without a calculator. If you require some review of these concepts, please go to the “About” section of the Google Classroom page where you will find links to videos that you may find helpful. A Chemistry review packet will be due on September 4th. You must register for the APES Summer Google Classroom page using the following code: rskj5f in order to access the assignment. The Chemistry review packet does not have to be completed over the summer but getting a head start on the assignment will lighten your workload the first week of school. A more detailed set of directions are posted on Google Classroom. NO CALCULATORS! APES Summer Work: Basic Math Concepts Directions: Please complete the following to the best of your ability. No calculators allowed! Please round to the nearest 10th as appropriate. 1. Convert the following numbers into scientific notation. 16, 502 = _____________________________________ 0.0067 = _____________________________________ 0.015 = _____________________________________ 600 = _____________________________________ 3950 = _____________________________________ 0.222 = _____________________________________ 2. -
Metric System Units of Length
Math 0300 METRIC SYSTEM UNITS OF LENGTH Þ To convert units of length in the metric system of measurement The basic unit of length in the metric system is the meter. All units of length in the metric system are derived from the meter. The prefix “centi-“means one hundredth. 1 centimeter=1 one-hundredth of a meter kilo- = 1000 1 kilometer (km) = 1000 meters (m) hecto- = 100 1 hectometer (hm) = 100 m deca- = 10 1 decameter (dam) = 10 m 1 meter (m) = 1 m deci- = 0.1 1 decimeter (dm) = 0.1 m centi- = 0.01 1 centimeter (cm) = 0.01 m milli- = 0.001 1 millimeter (mm) = 0.001 m Conversion between units of length in the metric system involves moving the decimal point to the right or to the left. Listing the units in order from largest to smallest will indicate how many places to move the decimal point and in which direction. Example 1: To convert 4200 cm to meters, write the units in order from largest to smallest. km hm dam m dm cm mm Converting cm to m requires moving 4 2 . 0 0 2 positions to the left. Move the decimal point the same number of places and in the same direction (to the left). So 4200 cm = 42.00 m A metric measurement involving two units is customarily written in terms of one unit. Convert the smaller unit to the larger unit and then add. Example 2: To convert 8 km 32 m to kilometers First convert 32 m to kilometers. km hm dam m dm cm mm Converting m to km requires moving 0 . -
Chapter 5 Dimensional Analysis and Similarity
Chapter 5 Dimensional Analysis and Similarity Motivation. In this chapter we discuss the planning, presentation, and interpretation of experimental data. We shall try to convince you that such data are best presented in dimensionless form. Experiments which might result in tables of output, or even mul- tiple volumes of tables, might be reduced to a single set of curves—or even a single curve—when suitably nondimensionalized. The technique for doing this is dimensional analysis. Chapter 3 presented gross control-volume balances of mass, momentum, and en- ergy which led to estimates of global parameters: mass flow, force, torque, total heat transfer. Chapter 4 presented infinitesimal balances which led to the basic partial dif- ferential equations of fluid flow and some particular solutions. These two chapters cov- ered analytical techniques, which are limited to fairly simple geometries and well- defined boundary conditions. Probably one-third of fluid-flow problems can be attacked in this analytical or theoretical manner. The other two-thirds of all fluid problems are too complex, both geometrically and physically, to be solved analytically. They must be tested by experiment. Their behav- ior is reported as experimental data. Such data are much more useful if they are ex- pressed in compact, economic form. Graphs are especially useful, since tabulated data cannot be absorbed, nor can the trends and rates of change be observed, by most en- gineering eyes. These are the motivations for dimensional analysis. The technique is traditional in fluid mechanics and is useful in all engineering and physical sciences, with notable uses also seen in the biological and social sciences. -
Scale on Paper Between Technique and Imagination. Example of Constant’S Drawing Hypothesis
S A J _ 2016 _ 8 _ original scientific article approval date 16 12 2016 UDK BROJEVI: 72.021.22 7.071.1 Констант COBISS.SR-ID 236416524 SCALE ON PAPER BETWEEN TECHNIQUE AND IMAGINATION. EXAMPLE OF CONSTANT’S DRAWING HYPOTHESIS A B S T R A C T The procedure of scaling is one of the elemental routines in architectural drawing. Along with paper as a fundamental drawing material, scale is the architectural convention that follows the emergence of drawing in architecture from the Renaissance. This analysis is questioning the scaling procedure through the position of drawing in the conception process. Current theoretical researches on architectural drawing are underlining the paradigm change that occurred as a sudden switch from handmade to computer generated drawing. This change consequently influenced notions of drawing materiality, relations to scale and geometry. Developing the argument of scaling as a dual action, technical and imaginative, Constant’s New Babylon drawing work is taken as an example to problematize the architect-project-object relational chain. Anđelka Bnin-Bninski KEY WORDS 322 Maja Dragišić University of Belgrade - Faculty of Architecture ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING SCALING PAPER DRAWING INHABITATION CONSTANT’S NEW BABYLON S A J _ 2016 _ 8 _ SCALE ON PAPER BETWEEN TECHNIQUE AND IMAGINATION. INTRODUCTION EXAMPLE OF CONSTANT’S DRAWING HYPOTHESIS This study intends to question the practice of scaling in architectural drawing as one of the elemental routines in the contemporary work of an architect. The problematization is built on the relation between an architect and the drawing process while examining the evolving role of drawing in the architectural profession. -
Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)
Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) m kg s cd SI mol K A NIST Special Publication 811 2008 Edition Ambler Thompson and Barry N. Taylor NIST Special Publication 811 2008 Edition Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) Ambler Thompson Technology Services and Barry N. Taylor Physics Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899 (Supersedes NIST Special Publication 811, 1995 Edition, April 1995) March 2008 U.S. Department of Commerce Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology James M. Turner, Acting Director National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 811, 2008 Edition (Supersedes NIST Special Publication 811, April 1995 Edition) Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 811, 2008 Ed., 85 pages (March 2008; 2nd printing November 2008) CODEN: NSPUE3 Note on 2nd printing: This 2nd printing dated November 2008 of NIST SP811 corrects a number of minor typographical errors present in the 1st printing dated March 2008. Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) Preface The International System of Units, universally abbreviated SI (from the French Le Système International d’Unités), is the modern metric system of measurement. Long the dominant measurement system used in science, the SI is becoming the dominant measurement system used in international commerce. The Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of August 1988 [Public Law (PL) 100-418] changed the name of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and gave to NIST the added task of helping U.S. -
Measuring in Metric Units BEFORE Now WHY? You Used Metric Units
Measuring in Metric Units BEFORE Now WHY? You used metric units. You’ll measure and estimate So you can estimate the mass using metric units. of a bike, as in Ex. 20. Themetric system is a decimal system of measurement. The metric Word Watch system has units for length, mass, and capacity. metric system, p. 80 Length Themeter (m) is the basic unit of length in the metric system. length: meter, millimeter, centimeter, kilometer, Three other metric units of length are themillimeter (mm) , p. 80 centimeter (cm) , andkilometer (km) . mass: gram, milligram, kilogram, p. 81 You can use the following benchmarks to estimate length. capacity: liter, milliliter, kiloliter, p. 82 1 millimeter 1 centimeter 1 meter thickness of width of a large height of the a dime paper clip back of a chair 1 kilometer combined length of 9 football fields EXAMPLE 1 Using Metric Units of Length Estimate the length of the bandage by imagining paper clips laid next to it. Then measure the bandage with a metric ruler to check your estimate. 1 Estimate using paper clips. About 5 large paper clips fit next to the bandage, so it is about 5 centimeters long. ch O at ut! W 2 Measure using a ruler. A typical metric ruler allows you to measure Each centimeter is divided only to the nearest tenth of into tenths, so the bandage cm 12345 a centimeter. is 4.8 centimeters long. 80 Chapter 2 Decimal Operations Mass Mass is the amount of matter that an object has. The gram (g) is the basic metric unit of mass. -
MEMS Metrology Metrology What Is a Measurement Measurable
Metrology • What is metrology? – It is the science of weights and measures • Refers primarily to the measurements of length, MEMS Metrology wetight, time, etc. • Mensuration- A branch of applied geometry – It measure the area and volume of solids from Dr. Bruce K. Gale lengths and angles Fundamentals of Micromachining • It also includes other engineering measurements for the establishment of a flat, plane reference surface What is a Measurement Measurable Parameters • A measurement is an act of assigning a • What do we want to • Pressure specific value to a physical variable measure? • Forces • The physical variable becomes the • Length or distance •Stress measured variable •Mass •Strain • Temperature • Measurements provide a basis for • Friction judgements about • Elemental composition • Resistance •Viscosity – Process information • Roughness • Diplacements or – Quality assurance •Depth distortions – Process control • Intensity •Time •etc. Components of a Measuring Measurement Systems and Tools System • Measurement systems are important tools for the quantification of the physical variable • Measurement systems extend the abilities of the human senses, while they can detect and recognize different degrees of physical variables • For scientific and engineering measurement, the selection of equipment, techniques and interpretation of the measured data are important How Important are Importance of Metrology Measurements? • In human relationships, things must be • Measurement is the language of science counted and measured • It helps us -
Quick Guide to Precision Measuring Instruments
E4329 Quick Guide to Precision Measuring Instruments Coordinate Measuring Machines Vision Measuring Systems Form Measurement Optical Measuring Sensor Systems Test Equipment and Seismometers Digital Scale and DRO Systems Small Tool Instruments and Data Management Quick Guide to Precision Measuring Instruments Quick Guide to Precision Measuring Instruments 2 CONTENTS Meaning of Symbols 4 Conformance to CE Marking 5 Micrometers 6 Micrometer Heads 10 Internal Micrometers 14 Calipers 16 Height Gages 18 Dial Indicators/Dial Test Indicators 20 Gauge Blocks 24 Laser Scan Micrometers and Laser Indicators 26 Linear Gages 28 Linear Scales 30 Profile Projectors 32 Microscopes 34 Vision Measuring Machines 36 Surftest (Surface Roughness Testers) 38 Contracer (Contour Measuring Instruments) 40 Roundtest (Roundness Measuring Instruments) 42 Hardness Testing Machines 44 Vibration Measuring Instruments 46 Seismic Observation Equipment 48 Coordinate Measuring Machines 50 3 Quick Guide to Precision Measuring Instruments Quick Guide to Precision Measuring Instruments Meaning of Symbols ABSOLUTE Linear Encoder Mitutoyo's technology has realized the absolute position method (absolute method). With this method, you do not have to reset the system to zero after turning it off and then turning it on. The position information recorded on the scale is read every time. The following three types of absolute encoders are available: electrostatic capacitance model, electromagnetic induction model and model combining the electrostatic capacitance and optical methods. These encoders are widely used in a variety of measuring instruments as the length measuring system that can generate highly reliable measurement data. Advantages: 1. No count error occurs even if you move the slider or spindle extremely rapidly. 2. You do not have to reset the system to zero when turning on the system after turning it off*1. -
Grade 6 Math Circles Dimensional and Unit Analysis Required Skills
Faculty of Mathematics Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1 Grade 6 Math Circles October 22/23, 2013 Dimensional and Unit Analysis Required Skills In order to full understand this lesson, students should review the following topics: • Exponents (see the first lesson) • Cancelling Cancelling is the removal of a common factor in the numerator (top) and denominator (bottom) of a fraction, or the removal of a common factor in the dividend and divisor of a quotient. Here is an example of cancelling: 8 (2)(8) (2)(8) (2)(8) 8 (2) = = = = 10 10 (2)(5) (2)(5) 5 We could also think of cancelling as recognizing when an operation is undone by its opposite operation. In the example above, the division by 2 is undone by the multiplication by 2, so we can cancel the factors of 2. If we skip writing out all the steps, we could have shown the cancelling above as follows: 8 8 8 (2) = (2) = 10 (2)(5) 5 We can also cancel variables in the same way we cancel numbers. In this lesson, we will also see that it is possible to cancel dimensions and units. 1 Dimensional Analysis x If x is a measurement of distance and t is a measurement of time, then what does represent t physically? Dimension We can use math to describe many physical things. Therefore, it is helpful to define the the physical nature of a mathematical object. The dimension of a variable or number is a property that tells us what type of physical quantity it represents. For example, some possible dimensions are Length Time Mass Speed Force Energy In our opening question, x is a measurement of distance. -
New Varying Speed of Light Theories
New varying speed of light theories Jo˜ao Magueijo The Blackett Laboratory,Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine South Kensington, London SW7 2BZ, UK ABSTRACT We review recent work on the possibility of a varying speed of light (VSL). We start by discussing the physical meaning of a varying c, dispelling the myth that the constancy of c is a matter of logical consistency. We then summarize the main VSL mechanisms proposed so far: hard breaking of Lorentz invariance; bimetric theories (where the speeds of gravity and light are not the same); locally Lorentz invariant VSL theories; theories exhibiting a color dependent speed of light; varying c induced by extra dimensions (e.g. in the brane-world scenario); and field theories where VSL results from vacuum polarization or CPT violation. We show how VSL scenarios may solve the cosmological problems usually tackled by inflation, and also how they may produce a scale-invariant spectrum of Gaussian fluctuations, capable of explaining the WMAP data. We then review the connection between VSL and theories of quantum gravity, showing how “doubly special” relativity has emerged as a VSL effective model of quantum space-time, with observational implications for ultra high energy cosmic rays and gamma ray bursts. Some recent work on the physics of “black” holes and other compact objects in VSL theories is also described, highlighting phenomena associated with spatial (as opposed to temporal) variations in c. Finally we describe the observational status of the theory. The evidence is slim – redshift dependence in alpha, ultra high energy cosmic rays, and (to a much lesser extent) the acceleration of the universe and the WMAP data. -
Laser Power Measurement: Time Is Money
Laser power measurement: Time is money SEAN BERGMAN Rapid, accurate laser power measurements meet high-throughput needs In nearly every any laser application, it’s necessary to measure laser output power to be able to obtain optimum results. For industrial applications, making power measurements often requires interrupting production and this creates a tradeoff. Specifically, is the cost of stopping or slowing production for laser measurement outweighed by the benefits that making the measurement will deliver? To make this determination, it’s useful to ask some specific questions. These include: How sensitive is my process to variations in laser power? How fast does my laser output typically change, and therefore, how frequently do I need make a laser measurement to keep my process within specification? [Native Advertisement] What is my production throughput? How much bad product will I make, and how much does this scrap cost me, when I delay making a laser measurement for a given amount of time? How long does it take to make the laser measurement, and what is the total cost of this measurement in terms of production downtime or manpower? For high-speed industrial processes based on high-power lasers, the answers to these questions often show that it is not possible to achieve a good tradeoff between measurement frequency and cost. This is because traditional thermopile laser power sensors are relatively slow, so making frequent measurements results in high production downtime. Alternatively, making infrequent measurements can result in high scrap rates. Thermopile power sensors Although they are relatively slow, thermopiles have long been used for measuring high-power lasers because high-speed photodiode detectors saturate at low power levels.