Useful Forestry Measurements Acre: a Unit of Area Equaling 43,560

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Useful Forestry Measurements Acre: a Unit of Area Equaling 43,560 Useful Forestry Measurements Acre: A unit of area equaling 43,560 square feet or 10 square chains. Basal Area: The area, usually in square feet, of the cross-section of a tree stem near its base, generally at breast height and inclusive of bark. The basal area per acre measurement gives you some idea of crowding of trees in a stand. Board Foot: A unit of area for measuring lumber equaling 12 inches by 12 inches by 1 inch. Chain: A unit of length. A surveyor’s chain equals 66 feet or 1/80-mile. Cord: A pile of stacked wood measuring 4 feet by 4 feet by 8 feet when originally conceived. Cubic Foot: A unit of volume measure, wood equivalent to a solid cube that measures 12 inches by 12 inches by 12 inches or 1,728 cubic inches. Cunit: A volume of wood measuring 3 feet and 1-1/2 inches by 4 feet by 8 feet and containing 100 solid cubic feet of wood. D.B.H. (diameter breast height): The measurement of a tree’s diameter at 4-1/2 feet above the ground line. M.B.F. (thousand board feet): A unit of measure containing 1,000 board feet. Section: A unit of area containing 640 acres or one square mile. Square Foot: A unit of area equaling 144 square inches. Township: A unit of land area covering 23,040 acres or 36 sections. Equations Cords per acre (based on 10 Basal Area Factor (BAF) angle gauge) (# of 8 ft sticks + # of trees)/(2 x # plots) Based on 10 Basal Area Factor Angle Gauge Example: (217+30)/(2 x 5) = 24.7 cords/acre BF per acre ((# of 8 ft logs + # of trees)/(2 x # plots)) x 500 Bd ft Example: (((150x2)+30)/(2x5))x500 = 9000 BF/acre or 9 MBF/acre Useful Resources • Compass information from, “OA Guide to Map & Compass – Part 2” part of The Backpacker’s Field Manual by Rick Curtis published by Random House 1998 http://www.princeton.edu/~oa/manual/mapcompass.shtml • “Sampling and Measuring Timber in Private Woodland” University of Minnesota Extension publication FO-03025, http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/naturalresources/components/DD3025- 02.html • Declination calculator, http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/geomag/jsp/Declination.jsp • MN DNR Airphotos Online, http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/airphotos/index.html .
Recommended publications
  • The Metric System: America Measures Up. 1979 Edition. INSTITUTION Naval Education and Training Command, Washington, D.C
    DOCONENT RESUME ED 191 707 031 '926 AUTHOR Andersonv.Glen: Gallagher, Paul TITLE The Metric System: America Measures Up. 1979 Edition. INSTITUTION Naval Education and Training Command, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO NAVEDTRA,.475-01-00-79 PUB CATE 1 79 NOTE 101p. .AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing .Office, Washington, DC 2040Z (Stock Number 0507-LP-4.75-0010; No prise quoted). E'DES PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Cartoons; Decimal Fractions: Mathematical Concepts; *Mathematic Education: Mathem'atics Instruction,: Mathematics Materials; *Measurement; *Metric System; Postsecondary Education; *Resource Materials; *Science Education; Student Attitudes: *Textbooks; Visual Aids' ABSTRACT This training manual is designed to introduce and assist naval personnel it the conversion from theEnglish system of measurement to the metric system of measurement. The bcokteliswhat the "move to metrics" is all,about, and details why the changeto the metric system is necessary. Individual chaPtersare devoted to how the metric system will affect the average person, how the five basic units of the system work, and additional informationon technical applications of metric measurement. The publication alsocontains conversion tables, a glcssary of metric system terms,andguides proper usage in spelling, punctuation, and pronunciation, of the language of the metric, system. (MP) ************************************.******i**************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best thatcan be made * * from
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Sector Survey
    Report No. 1684-TU Turkey Agricultural Sector Survey (In Two Volumes) Public Disclosure Authorized Volume II: Annexes June 23, 1978 Projects Department Europe, Middle East and North Africa Regional Office FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank This docUment has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents mray not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS- DECEMBER 1976 / US$1.00 = 16.5 Turkish Lira (LT) LT 1.00 = us$o.o6 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Metric System British/US System 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 pounds 1 metric ton (ton) = 2,205 pounds 1 millimeter (mm) = 0.04 inch 1 meter (m) = 3.28 feet 1 kilometer (km) = 0.62 mile 1 hectare (ha)=10 deca es (da) = 2.47 acre 1 square kilometer (kmc) = 0.386 square mile 1 liter (1) = 0.264 gallon 1 cubic meter (m3 ) = 35.28 cubic feet 1 million cubic meters (Mm3) = 810.7 acre feet 1 liter per second (1/sec) = 0.04 cubic feet per second GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS DSI - Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources' General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works EBK - Meat and Fish Organization FFYP - First Five-Year Plan (1963-1967) LRO - Land Reform Organization MA - Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock MF - Ministry of Forestry MVA - Ministry of Village Affairs SEE - State Economic Enterprise SFYP - Second Five-Year Plan (1968-1972) SIS - State Institute of Statistics SPO - State Planning Organization TCZB - Agricultural Bank TEK - Turkish Electricity Authority TFYP - Third Five-Year Plan (1973-1977) TMO - Soil Products Office TOPRAKSU- MVA's General Directorate of Land and Water Resources Development TSEK - Milk Organization TSF - Turkish Sugar Factories Corporation TZDK - Agricultural Supply Organization GOVERNMENT OF TURKEY FISCAL YEAR March 1 - February 28 LI At the time of the mission's visit to Turkey, On March 31, 1978, the exchange rate was US$1,00 = 25,25 LT.
    [Show full text]
  • Panama City, Florida Planning 101
    Get a handle on how to effectively & rapidly manuever the development order processes of the City PANAMA CITY, FLORIDA PLANNING 101 PLA NNING DEPA City of Panama City, FLRTMENT UN IFIED LAND D EVELOPMEN A Referen T CODE ce Guide for the Citizens! 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 defi nitions enforcement nonconformities concurrency sign subdivision supplemental public parking landscaping environment design zoning review admin. general management standards of land standards improvements & loading & buff ering protection standards districts authority processes City of Panama City, FL City, Panama of City Unifi Code ed Land Development Unified Land Development Code Chapter 101 - GENERAL Page 1- 1 section The provisions of this Unified Land Development general CHAPTER 101 – GENERAL Code are declared to be the minimum require- 1 ments necessary to protect human, environmen- tal, social, and economic resources; and to main- processes Sec. 101-1. Title. This Chapter shall be entitled and tain, through orderly growth, and development, admin. may be referred to as the Unified Land Development and redevelopment the character and stability of 2 Code (“ULDC”). present and future land use within the city. authority Sec. 101-2. Purpose and Intent. This ULDC is enact- review Sec. 101-3. - Interpretation. The following rules 3 ed pursuant to the requirements and authority of F.S. of interpretation and construction shall apply to Ch. 163, pt. II (the Local Government Comprehensive this ULDC: districts Planning and Land Development Regulation Act) and zoning the general powers confirmed in F.S. Ch. 166 (Home A.
    [Show full text]
  • Lesson 1: Length English Vs
    Lesson 1: Length English vs. Metric Units Which is longer? A. 1 mile or 1 kilometer B. 1 yard or 1 meter C. 1 inch or 1 centimeter English vs. Metric Units Which is longer? A. 1 mile or 1 kilometer 1 mile B. 1 yard or 1 meter C. 1 inch or 1 centimeter 1.6 kilometers English vs. Metric Units Which is longer? A. 1 mile or 1 kilometer 1 mile B. 1 yard or 1 meter C. 1 inch or 1 centimeter 1.6 kilometers 1 yard = 0.9444 meters English vs. Metric Units Which is longer? A. 1 mile or 1 kilometer 1 mile B. 1 yard or 1 meter C. 1 inch or 1 centimeter 1.6 kilometers 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters 1 yard = 0.9444 meters Metric Units The basic unit of length in the metric system in the meter and is represented by a lowercase m. Standard: The distance traveled by light in absolute vacuum in 1∕299,792,458 of a second. Metric Units 1 Kilometer (km) = 1000 meters 1 Meter = 100 Centimeters (cm) 1 Meter = 1000 Millimeters (mm) Which is larger? A. 1 meter or 105 centimeters C. 12 centimeters or 102 millimeters B. 4 kilometers or 4400 meters D. 1200 millimeters or 1 meter Measuring Length How many millimeters are in 1 centimeter? 1 centimeter = 10 millimeters What is the length of the line in centimeters? _______cm What is the length of the line in millimeters? _______mm What is the length of the line to the nearest centimeter? ________cm HINT: Round to the nearest centimeter – no decimals.
    [Show full text]
  • Nc Math 3.Indd
    CHAPTER 9 Geometric Modeling 9.1 Modeling with Area ..........................................................................................341 9.2 Modeling with Volume ......................................................................................347 9.3 Cross Sections of Solids ..................................................................................355 9.4 Solids of Revolution .........................................................................................361 Copyright © Big Ideas Learning, LLC 339 All rights reserved. Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________ Chapter Maintaining Mathematical Proficiency 9 Find the area of the circle or regular polygon. 1. 2. 3.7 ft 4.7 in. 5 ft 3. a circle with a diameter of 74.6 centimeters 4. a regular hexagon with a perimeter of 42 yards and an apothem of 4.25 yards 5. a circle with a circumference of 24π meters Find the surface area and volume of the solid. 6. 7. 35 cm 8 in. 6 in. 28 cm 12 in. 8. 9. 37 m 58 yd 23 m Copyright © Big Ideas Learning, LLC All rights reserved. 340 Name _________________________________________________________ Date _________ Modeling with Area 9.1 For use with Exploration 9.1 Essential Question How can you use the population and area of a region to describe how densely the region is populated? 1 EXPLORATION: Exploring Population and Area Work with a partner. Use the Internet to find the population and land area of each county in California. Then find the number of people per square mile for each county. a. Mendocino County b. Lake County c. Yolo County d. Napa County e. Sonoma County f. Marin County Copyright © Big Ideas Learning, LLC 341 All rights reserved. Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________ 9.1 Modeling with Area (continued) 2 EXPLORATION: Analyzing Population and Area Work with a partner.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Measurement in England, I I5O-135O
    Land Measurement in England, I I5O-135o By ANDR.EWJONES I sometimes in considerable detail, and they mr.r. land measurement in England in often emphasize the close link between land the Middle Ages has attracted much measurement and taxation. 5 This can be seen W attention, it has not altogether escaped most clearly in some of the earliest surviving some of the more fantastic speculations which surveys, and particularly so in Domesday Book, have dogged the study of historical metrology. 2 in which demesnes are described in terms of In recent years, work on the demesne economy hides and virgates. 6 While sonle surveys and and on village plans and planning has begun to extents describe the sort of acre used on the establish a sotmd basis for a review of land demesne, others do not, leaving us the problem measurement, but the subject still remains one of disentangling fiscal acres from conventional surrotmded by difficulties. 3 Most of these arise acres and measured acres. Having described the quite simply from the great amount of infor- demesne, sm'veys and extents then proceed to mation scattered throughout monastic cartu- list the holdings of the manorial tenants, again laries, manorial archives, and other sources, in terms which often produce the same dif- much of which appears both confused and con- ficulties as their treatment of the demesne. The fusing. The problem of handling this evidence evidence of charters is usually very different is exacerbated by the different purposes for from that of account rolls and surveys and which our main sources--account rolls, surveys extents.
    [Show full text]
  • Calculating Board Feet Board Feet Linear Feet Z "Board Feet" Is a Measurement of Lumber Square Feet Volume
    Calculating Board Feet board Feet linear feet z "Board Feet" is a measurement of lumber square feet volume. z A board foot is equal to 144 cubic inches of wood. TED 126 Spring 2007 z Actually it's easy to calculate using the following formula: Bd. Ft. = T (inches) x W (inches) x L (feet) / 12 2 Board Feet Board Feet z When you are figuring up board feet, keep in mind a waste factor. Bd. Ft. = T (inches) x W (inches) x L (feet) / 12 z If you purchase good clear material add about 15% for waste, Bd. Ft. = T (inches) x W (inches) x L (inches) / 144 z if you elect to use lower grade material you will have to allow for defects and more wasted material ---add about 30%. 3 4 Board Feet and Linear feet Board Feet and Linear feet z A linear foot is a measure of length 12 inches z To convert linear feet to board feet: long and a Thickness” x Width” x Length’ ÷ 12 z board foot is a number calculated by determining the volume of a board that is 12 z To convert board feet to linear feet: inches wide and 1 inch thick. • In other words, a 1" x 6" board that measures 24" 12 ÷ Thickness” x Width” x Board Foot long is exactly one board foot. (width" x thickness" x length' / 12) 5 6 1 Linear feet and Square Feet The math…. z It is not possible to convert linear footage into z A Linear Feet is just a measurement of square footage because a linear foot is only one length and does not take into account its dimension and a square foot is two dimensions, width or thickness.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Resources Engineering FACTS Facts 176 March 1990
    DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES ENGINEERING * COLLEGE PARK, MD 20742-2315 * (301) 405-1198 * FAX (301) 314-9023 Biological Resources Engineering FACTS Facts 176 March 1990 DETERMINING THE AMOUNT OF MANURE IN A PILE OR A POOL Herbert L. Brodie Extension Agricultural Engineer Planning for the most effective use of manure on your farm requires a combination of information that defines the quality and quantity of manure available. The manure analysis tells you the nutrient content of the manure in pounds per ton or pounds per gallon. A manure spreader calibration allows you to develop a manure application rate that matches the crop nutrient need with the manure nutrient content in terms of tons or gallons of manure per acre. An estimate of the total amount of manure in storage allows you to determine the total number of acres that can be fertilized at the calibration rate. The determination of the amount of manure available for spreading requires estimation of the volume in a pile or container. This fact sheet describes methods of measurement and calculation of volume and the conversion of volume to weight. What is volume? Volume is the amount of space contained within or occupied by an object. Volume is measured in cubic units such as cubic feet, cubic inches, cubic meters or cubic yards. With simple straight sided right angled boxes (Figure 1), the calculation of volume (V) is simply the width (W) multiplied by the height (H) multiplied by the length (L) of the space (V = H x W x L). Figure 1. Volume of a simple box.
    [Show full text]
  • Feasibility Analysis of a Small Log Sawmill in Southeast Alaska
    1 Feasibility analysis of a small log sawmill in Southeast Alaska Executive Summary Unlike most Southern Yellow Pine sawmills, a small log mill in Southeast Alaska that manufactured lumber from 60-year old trees, would not be profitable. There are many additional operating costs in the remote forests of Southeast Alaska that the Southern Yellow Pine sawmills do not incur. The two most costly disadvantages are; 1. An additional $SO per thousand board feet of lumber that is required to transport lumber from Southeast Alaska to the Pacific Northwest and, 2. The lack ofany reasonable economy of scale. The small timber sale volume projected to be available to the manufacturing industry in Southeast Alaska is inadequate to support more than a single mid-size sawmill. Consequently the regions sawmills will not produce any income from the residual products - chips, sawdust and bark. The chips are currently barged to pulp mills in the Pacific Northwest and Canada, while the Yellow Pine sawmills can deliver chips to nearby pulp mills at a much lower cost than the Alaska sawmills. Similarly, there are no fiberboard plants to utilize the sawdust from Southeast Alaska sawmills and there is no market for the bark in Southeast Alaska. Instead, most ofthe sawdust and bark must be disposed of in landfills. Introduction The purpose of this analysis is to compare several financial estimates of the feasibility of manufacturing lumber from immature young growth timber in Southeast Alaska. Four sawmill proformas are 1 examined : 1. A summary of five actual Southern Yellow Pine sawmills. This proforma was used because much of the rhetoric surrounding the Secretary of Agriculture unilateral decision to transition to 60+ year old Alaska young growth was based on assertions that Yellow Pine sawmills harvest their 2 timber before age 60 • Other than the obvious difference in tree species, the yellow pine region has much different logistic issues than Southeast Alaska.
    [Show full text]
  • Fuel Efficiency: Modes of Transportation Ranked by MPG | True Cost
    Fuel Efficiency: Modes of Transportation Ranked By MPG | True Cost -... http://truecostblog.com/2010/05/27/fuel-efficiency-modes-of-transportati... Fuel Efficiency: Modes of Transportation Ranked By MPG May 27, 2010 at 4:57 pm ∙ Filed under Energy, Environment, Ideas ∙Tagged bicycle mpg, fuel efficiency, running mpg, transportation, walking mpg Building on a previous post on the energy efficiency of various foods, I decided to create a list of transportation modes by fuel efficiency. In order to compare vehicles with different passenger capacities and average utilization, I included both average efficiency and maximum efficiency, at average and maximum passenger loads. The calculations and source data are explained in detail in the footnotes. For human‐powered activities, the mpg ratings might appear high, but many calculations omit the fact that a human’s baseline calorie consumption must be subtracted to find the efficiency of human‐powered transportation. I have subtracted out baseline metabolism, showing the true efficiencies for walking, running, and biking. For vehicles like trucks and large ships which primarily carry cargo, I count 4000 pounds of cargo as equivalent to one person. This is roughly the weight of an average American automobile (cars, minivans, SUVs, and trucks). The pmpg ratings of cars, trucks, and motorcycles are also higher than traditional mpg estimates, since pmpg accounts for the average number of occupants in a vehicle, which according to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics is 1.58 for cars, 1.73 for SUVs, minivans, and trucks, and 1.27 for motorcycles. List of Transportation Modes By Person‐Miles Per Gallon (PMPG) Transport Average PMPG Max PMPG Bicycle [3] 984 984 Walking [1] 700 700 Freight Ship [10] 340 570 Running [2] 315 315 Freight Train [7] 190.5 190.5 Plugin Hybrid [5] 110.6 350 Motorcycle [4] 71.8 113 Passenger Train [7] 71.6 189.7 Airplane [9] 42.6 53.6 Bus [8] 38.3 330 Car [4] 35.7 113 18‐Wheeler (Truck) [5] 32.2 64.4 Light Truck, SUV, Minivan [4] 31.4 91 [0] I used these conversion factors for all calculations.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)
    Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) m kg s cd SI mol K A NIST Special Publication 811 2008 Edition Ambler Thompson and Barry N. Taylor NIST Special Publication 811 2008 Edition Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) Ambler Thompson Technology Services and Barry N. Taylor Physics Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899 (Supersedes NIST Special Publication 811, 1995 Edition, April 1995) March 2008 U.S. Department of Commerce Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology James M. Turner, Acting Director National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 811, 2008 Edition (Supersedes NIST Special Publication 811, April 1995 Edition) Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 811, 2008 Ed., 85 pages (March 2008; 2nd printing November 2008) CODEN: NSPUE3 Note on 2nd printing: This 2nd printing dated November 2008 of NIST SP811 corrects a number of minor typographical errors present in the 1st printing dated March 2008. Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) Preface The International System of Units, universally abbreviated SI (from the French Le Système International d’Unités), is the modern metric system of measurement. Long the dominant measurement system used in science, the SI is becoming the dominant measurement system used in international commerce. The Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of August 1988 [Public Law (PL) 100-418] changed the name of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and gave to NIST the added task of helping U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Yd.) 36 Inches = 1 Yard (Yd.) 5,280 Feet = 1 Mile (Mi.) 1,760 Yards = 1 Mile (Mi.)
    Units of length 12 inches (in.) = 1 foot (ft.) 3 feet = 1 yard (yd.) 36 inches = 1 yard (yd.) 5,280 feet = 1 mile (mi.) 1,760 yards = 1 mile (mi.) ©www.thecurriculumcorner.com Units of length 12 inches (in.) = 1 foot (ft.) 3 feet = 1 yard (yd.) 36 inches = 1 yard (yd.) 5,280 feet = 1 mile (mi.) 1,760 yards = 1 mile (mi.) ©www.thecurriculumcorner.com Units of length 12 inches (in.) = 1 foot (ft.) 3 feet = 1 yard (yd.) 36 inches = 1 yard (yd.) 5,280 feet = 1 mile (mi.) 1,760 yards = 1 mile (mi.) ©www.thecurriculumcorner.com 1. Find the greatest length. 2. Find the greatest length. 9 in. or 1 ft. 3 ft. or 39 in. ©www.thecurriculumcorner.com ©www.thecurriculumcorner.com 3. Find the greatest length. 4. Find the greatest length. 1 ft. 7 in. or 18 in. 4 ft. 4 in. or 55 in. ©www.thecurriculumcorner.com ©www.thecurriculumcorner.com 5. Find the greatest length. 6. Find the greatest length. 1 ft. 9 in. or 2 ft. 7 ft. or 2 yd. ©www.thecurriculumcorner.com ©www.thecurriculumcorner.com 7. Find the greatest length. 8. Find the greatest length. 26 in. or 2 ft. 6 yd. or 17 ft. ©www.thecurriculumcorner.com ©www.thecurriculumcorner.com 9. Find the greatest length. 10. Find the greatest length. 5 ft. or 1 ½ yd. 112 in. or 3 yd. ©www.thecurriculumcorner.com ©www.thecurriculumcorner.com 11. Find the greatest length. 12. Find the greatest length. 99 in. or 3 yd. 11,000 ft. or 2 mi. ©www.thecurriculumcorner.com ©www.thecurriculumcorner.com 13.
    [Show full text]