DOCSLIB.ORG

The Challenges of Change: a Tracer Study of San Preschool Children in Botswana

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Challenges of Change: a Tracer Study of San Preschool Children in Botswana DOCUMENT RESUME ED 463 848 PS 030 260 AUTHOR le Roux, Willemien TITLE The Challenges of Change: A Tracer Study of San Preschool Children in Botswana. Early Childhood Development: Practice and Reflections. Following Footsteps. INSTITUTION Bernard Van Leer Foundation, The Hague (Netherlands). REPORT NO No-15 ISBN ISBN-90-6195-062-7 ISSN ISSN-1382-4813 PUB DATE 2002-02-00 NOTE 115p.; Funding provided by UNICEF Botswana. For number 14 in this series, see ED 462 143. AVAILABLE FROM Bernard van Leer Foundation, P.O. Box 82334, 2508 EH, The Hague, Netherlands. Tel: 31-70-3512040; Fax: 31-70-3502373; e-mail: [email protected]; Web site: http://www.bernardvanleer.org. PUB TYPE Books (010)-- Reports Evaluative (142)-- Tests/Questionnaires (160) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Academic Achievement; Comparative Analysis; Corporal Punishment; *Culturally Relevant Education; Developing Nations; Dropouts; Followup Studies; Foreign Countries; Intervention; *Minority Groups; Outcomes of Education; Parent Attitudes; *Parents; *Primary Education; Program Descriptions; Social Change; Student Adjustment; Teacher Attitudes; *Young Children IDENTIFIERS Botswana; *San People ABSTRACT This report details findings of a study undertaken during 1993-1995 in the Ghanzi District of Botswana to ascertain the progress of the San children in primary school, comparing children who attended preschool to those who did not. The report also describes the Bokamoso Preschool Programme, started in 1986. Data for the study were collected through interviews with San parents and questionnaires and interviews with primary school teachers. Findings focus attention on the difficulties of the San people in responding to current demands that they earn a livelihood through agriculture rather than through traditional hunting and gathering practices. San people have found it difficult to understand and adjust to the formal system of education in which children are often sent to boarding schools far from their parents. The main findings deal with the lack of mother-tongue teaching and materials in the primary schools, the lack of cultural understanding, and the system of corporal punishment in the schools. The report concludes with 13 recommendations for improving the chances of success for San children entering the formal education system. An epilogue adds further recommendations made by the San themselves and general recommendations for governments and nongovernmental organizations in the area of education. Two appendices contain the tracer study questionnaire and additional data tables. (Contains 26 references.) (KB) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 0 0 * 0 f I 0 0 : P U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND Office of Educational Research and Improvement DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION BEEN GRANTED BY CENTER (ERIC) yThis document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it 13. Al OchePt El Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES Points of view or opinions stated in this INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy 1 trnar Van 4 About the Bernard van Leer Foundation The Bernard van Leer Foundation is a private foundation based in The Netherlands. It operates internationally. The Foundation aims to enhance opportunities for children 0-8 years, growing up in circumstances of social and economic disadvantage, with the objective of developing their potential to the greatest extent possible. The Foundation concentrates on children 0-8 years because research findings have demonstrated that interventions in the early years of childhood are most effective in yielding lasting benefits to children and society. The Foundation accomplishes its objectives through two interconnected strategies: oa grantmaking programme in selected countries aimed at developing culturally and contextually appropriate approaches to early childhood care and development; and othe sharing of knowledge and know-how in the domain of early childhood development that primarily draws on the experiences generated by the projects that the Foundation supports, with the aim of informing and influencing policy and practice. The Foundation currently supports approximately 150 projects in 40 selected countries world wide, both developing and industrialised. Projects are implemented by project partner organisations that may be governmental or non-governmental. The lessons learned and the knowledge and know-how in the domain of early childhood development that are generated through these projects, are shared through a publications programme. The Bernard van Leer Foundation was established in 1949. Its income is derived from the bequest of Bernard van Leer, a Dutch industrialist and philanthropist, who lived from 1883 to 1958. CIP-DATA KONINKLLIKE BILBLIOTHEEK, DEN HAAG le Roux, Willemien The challenge of change: A tracer study San preschool children in Botswana Willemien le Roux - The Hague : Bernard van Leer Foundation Ill. (Early childhood development: practice and reflections) ISSN 1382-4813 ISBN 90-6195-062-7 Subject headings: childcare, community development, early childhood project, preschool, primary school cover photo: by Coby Visser A ° 0 0 0 0 ' 0 I . 0 . 0 0 000 0. 0 A O 0 0 00 A0 . A '90 A . S. O 000 0 0 . 0 A 00 A 0 ft 00 0 0 A A ID 00 . 00O A0 I . A0 0 I. A 0 A A0 09 0 . AO A . 0 0 0 A 0 0. 0 0 OSO 00 . e see 0-- oe - 00 0 0 A 00 0 A0 0 0AA 09 0 . 0 II 0 0 0 A0 AO 0 0 O 0 .01 0 . :0 0 - 0-o. I ' 010 . - De . -1, eel, D-- es - 10 e -s op .1.0 -0 s 40-e -0 0 0 II* D-- op - s o - - . el e . o se e- S. :e 5- G 0 . - : . : .. -0 0 D . -0.0 - 0 I- - - 0 5 A 0 0 A : . ' 0 . 0 . 0A0O A . 00 0 . oe . o 0-- so - 0 AO O 0 o -0 . 0 . 0 . -0 .o : o 0.0 111 0 0 0.: Contents Foreword 4 Acknowledgements 8 Glossary/abbreviations 9 Executive summary 11 Map of the area 12 Chapter one Introduction 14 Chapter two Early childhood in Botswana 20 Chapter three The people: a closer look 30 Chapter four The surveyhow it was done 42 Chapter five The survey results 48 Chapter six Discussions and conclusions 70 Chapter seven Recommendations 82 Epilogue 88 Bibliography 100 Appendix One Enrolments, repetition rates and dropouts in 104 Ghanzi District, 1997-2000 Appendix Two Survey questionnaire io8 rn' arr' 74,71 A ".7 bfre ^ N.'*" "7". , - 01 44, r,r;42 , 4 , ; k -AO 41. rrrrr 1,.4".,k, r. `. , .- , e,!,,' 444, .'"' IZ'it ,d1.14 e.44'..4,... ' '.'fkr''' '''''"-. It. i .1A.'4 '''..;"' ;''Ir'"'" '' 4, ..,,, ' ^,;;irr.r. t''''s .!... 4 IA ' `rr ' t' ' ' 4" -.44,34...,..14",t4.''. -44 - -:^, 4 :,7," '' . .44.2::"-,,,..:',',,..','4,444,,,f4,-, Tr.."' :-- '' '" , "rrCP rk ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4",,,"..,44..:,, , - :.' t r ,,,,, r. '. i' 4.,1`,,, " ., ': 4: ,4.1,.. ....., r ,' ^- ' - 4.04 1rt . ...,,,,,,,rrk r ..... - 40,.....i r.' `r A ' ' ;,...,,,,-1,44.,,.re ,,,f A -, 1. .,- El..., (- .r. .......,...., P 7' r - '.r' -. r rr- r- f .' , . ..., PO r',..,.. t..,4,--,,,.,..447:17.,...,`a,..."; ,.,'14.,1,..,,,,, ,,..r'r..,7:,''' 1,kk,k ,,,,,,..,..,tk,,, ktk1-1. I t f Foreword The San (also called Bushman or Basarwa) population of Botswana is among the last groups of hunter-gatherers still surviving into the 21st century. Few of the San are now able to exist solely by hunting and gatheringmuch of the land they used to live from is now fenced and farmed, while most of the animals they hunted can now only be found in protected game reserves. The values and norms by which the San have lived for centuries are different in many respects to those of the majority of the Botswana population; thus, adaptation brings with it barriers that can seem insurmountable for both adults and children. This report of a tracer study of the Bokamoso Preschool Programme describes very clearly, sometimes poignantly, how these differing values and norms affect the children of the San. In traditional society, San children were not kept apart nor confined to 'classes'. It was a society in which children were brought up as equals with adults. When small, they were in almost continual bodily contact with adults; they learned by listening, watching and practising; they were disciplined orally, not physically. The Bokamoso Programme has its origins in a preschool that started in 1983 at a small farm in Ghanzi District. Over the years, it has grown to include a full-fledged preschool teacher training programme and preschools in the settlements of the Kalahari that have been established by the Government of Botswana to accommodate Remote Area Dwellerswho mainly comprise the San. Despite the efforts of the people working in the programme, it was apparent to them that the San children were facing enormous difficulties in adjusting to primary school, and it was reported that many children were dropping out at an early stage. This is the background to the decision to trace as many preschool graduates as possible, to find out where they were and what they were doing, and to look for the reasons behind success or failure. It is a sad reflection of how little has changed that we can now republish the report of the study that was carried out in 1993/1994 and first published by the Kuru Development Trust in 1995. Additional background material, and new findings from research on the situation of San children, is also included to help to bring the Bokamoso story up to date. Against a background of a people forced to adopt a new lifestyle, the results are in some respects encouraging: children wiio had attended the preschools were mostly still in school, there were many instances of parents who were very supportive of the photo: Gerry Sa bole Bernard van Leer Foundation preschools and of formal education in general, some head teachers were trying to adapt the school to the realities of the community, and many of the children believed to have dropped out were, in fact, still in school.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Botswana. Delimitation Commission. [Report Of] Delimitation Commission 1972
    Botswana. Delimitation Commission. [Report of] Delimitation Commission 1972. Gaborone, Government Pointer [1972?] 16p. 3 fold, maps in pocket at end. 29icm. 1. Botswana-Boundaries, Internal. DELIMITATION COMMISSION 1972 His Excellency Sir Seretse Khama, K.B.E., President of the Republic of Botswana. Your Excellency, We, the undersigned, having been appointed by the Judicial Service Commission to hold a Delimitation Commission under the provisions of Section 65 (1) of the Botswana Constitution, and such appointment having been published in the Government Notice No. 292 of 1972 on the Thirteenth Day of October, 1972 have the honour to inform Your Excellency that we have carried out the said Commission and we append hereto our. Report. (Sir Peter Watkin Williams) Chairman. ,(Rev. A.G. Kgasa) (Father B. Setlalekgosi) Member. Member. (M.J. Pilane) (S.T. Khama) Member. Member. GABORONE, Botswana. The'1st Day of November, 1972. REPORT OF THE DELIMITATION COMMISSION 1972 ~ « .. 1 th ye ar 19 4 cl,mitation - - ? ® L ® ^'p 'Commission was appointed under the provisions of Section 3 of the Bechuanaland (Electoral Provisions) Order-ln-Council of 1964 and this Commission . then proceeded to;divide the country up into thirty-one Constituencies. This Commission was enjoined, as we, ourselves, are similarly enjoined, to base the delimitation of the Constituencies primarily on the number of inhabitants of the. country, but also taking account of natural community of interst, means of communication, geographical features, the density of population and the boundaries of tribal territories and administrative districts. This Commission created thirty-one Constituencies with populations all of which were reasonably cWe to the population quote, that is to say the total population of the country divided by the number of constituencies; the greatest variation being only 18.7% This is assuming that the Census which had taken place shortly before the Commission sat had arrived at a reasonably accurate assessment of the population in each district.
    [Show full text]
  • The Inconvenient Indigenous
    1 SIDSEL SAUGESTAD The Inconvenient Indigenous Remote Area Development in Botswana, Donor Assistance, and the First People of the Kalahari The Nordic Africa Institute, 2001 2 The book is printed with support from the Norwegian Research Council. Front cover photo: Lokalane – one of the many small groups not recognised as a community in the official scheme of things Back cover photos from top: Irrigation – symbol of objectives and achievements of the RAD programme Children – always a hope for the future John Hardbattle – charismatic first leader of the First People of the Kalahari Ethno-tourism – old dance in new clothing Indexing terms Applied anthropology Bushmen Development programmes Ethnic relations Government policy Indigenous peoples Nation-building NORAD Botswana Kalahari San Photos: The author Language checking: Elaine Almén © The author and The Nordic Africa Institute 2001 ISBN 91-7106-475-3 Printed in Sweden by Centraltryckeriet Åke Svensson AB, Borås 2001 3 My home is in my heart it migrates with me What shall I say brother what shall I say sister They come and ask where is your home they come with papers and say this belongs to nobody this is government land everything belongs to the State What shall I say sister what shall I say brother […] All of this is my home and I carry it in my heart NILS ASLAK VALKEAPÄÄ Trekways of the Wind 1994 ∫ This conference that I see here is something very big. It can be the beginning of something big. I hope it is not the end of something big. ARON JOHANNES at the opening of the Regional San Conference in Gaborone, October 1993 4 Preface and Acknowledgements The title of this book is not a description of the indigenous people of Botswana, it is a characterisation of a prevailing attitude to this group.
    [Show full text]
  • Botswana Semiology Research Centre Project Seismic Stations In
    BOTSWANA SEISMOLOGICAL NETWORK ( BSN) STATIONS 19°0'0"E 20°0'0"E 21°0'0"E 22°0'0"E 23°0'0"E 24°0'0"E 25°0'0"E 26°0'0"E 27°0'0"E 28°0'0"E 29°0'0"E 30°0'0"E 1 S 7 " ° 0 0 ' ' 0 0 ° " 7 S 1 KSANE Kasane ! !Kazungula Kasane Forest ReserveLeshomo 1 S Ngoma Bridge ! 8 " ! ° 0 0 ' # !Mabele * . MasuzweSatau ! ! ' 0 ! ! Litaba 0 ° Liamb!ezi Xamshiko Musukub!ili Ivuvwe " 8 ! ! ! !Seriba Kasane Forest Reserve Extension S 1 !Shishikola Siabisso ! ! Ka!taba Safari Camp ! Kachikau ! ! ! ! ! ! Chobe Forest Reserve ! !! ! Karee ! ! ! ! ! Safari Camp Dibejam!a ! ! !! ! ! ! ! X!!AUD! M Kazuma Forest Reserve ! ShongoshongoDugamchaRwelyeHau!xa Marunga Xhauga Safari Camp ! !SLIND Chobe National Park ! Kudixama Diniva Xumoxu Xanekwa Savute ! Mah!orameno! ! ! ! Safari Camp ! Maikaelelo Foreset Reserve Do!betsha ! ! Dibebe Tjiponga Ncamaser!e Hamandozi ! Quecha ! Duma BTLPN ! #Kwiima XanekobaSepupa Khw!a CHOBE DISTRICT *! !! ! Manga !! Mampi ! ! ! Kangara # ! * Gunitsuga!Njova Wazemi ! ! G!unitsuga ! Wazemi !Seronga! !Kaborothoa ! 1 S Sibuyu Forest Reserve 9 " Njou # ° 0 * ! 0 ' !Nxaunxau Esha 12 ' 0 Zara ! ! 0 ° ! ! ! " 9 ! S 1 ! Mababe Quru!be ! ! Esha 1GMARE Xorotsaa ! Gumare ! ! Thale CheracherahaQNGWA ! ! GcangwaKaruwe Danega ! ! Gqose ! DobeQabi *# ! ! ! ! Bate !Mahito Qubi !Mahopa ! Nokaneng # ! Mochabana Shukumukwa * ! ! Nxabe NGAMILAND DISTRICT Sorob!e ! XurueeHabu Sakapane Nxai National Nark !! ! Sepako Caecae 2 ! ! S 0 " Konde Ncwima ° 0 ! MAUN 0 ' ! ! ' 0 Ntabi Tshokatshaa ! 0 ° ! " 0 PHDHD Maposa Mmanxotai S Kaore ! ! Maitengwe 2 ! Tsau Segoro
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 GENERAL ELECTIONS REPORT II Keireng A
    REPORT TO THE MINISTER FOR PRESIDENTIAL AFFAIRS, GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ON THE 2019 GENERAL ELECTIONS 2019 GENERAL ELECTIONS I REPORT Honourable Justice Abednego B. Tafa Mr. John Carr-Hartley Members of CHAIRMAN DEPUTY CHAIRMAN The Independent Electoral Commission Mrs. Agnes Setlhogile Mrs. Shaboyo Motsamai Dr. Molefe Phirinyane COMMISSIONER COMMISSIONER COMMISSIONER Mrs. Martha J. Sayed Vacant COMMISSIONER COMMISSIONER 2019 GENERAL ELECTIONS REPORT II Keireng A. Zuze Doreen L. Serumula SECRETARY DEPUTY SECRETARY Executive Management of the Secretariat Keolebogile M. Tshitlho Dintle S. Rapoo SENIOR MANAGER MANAGER CORPORATE SERVICES ELECTIONS AFFAIRS & FIELD OPERATIONS Obakeng B. Tlhaodi Uwoga H. Mandiwana CHIEF STATE COUNSEL MANAGER HUMAN RESOURCE & ADMINISTRATION 2019 GENERAL ELECTIONS REPORT III Strategic Foundations ........................................................................................................................... I Members of The Independent Electoral Commission ................................................ II Executive Management of the Secretariat........................................................................... III Letter to The Minister for Presidential Affairs, Governance and Public Administration ............................................................................................................... 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................................................. 2 ACRONYMS ...............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Geographical Names Standardization BOTSWANA GEOGRAPHICAL
    SCALE 1 : 2 000 000 BOTSWANA GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES 20°0'0"E 22°0'0"E 24°0'0"E 26°0'0"E 28°0'0"E Kasane e ! ob Ch S Ngoma Bridge S " ! " 0 0 ' ' 0 0 ° Geographical Names ° ! 8 !( 8 1 ! 1 Parakarungu/ Kavimba ti Mbalakalungu ! ± n !( a Kakulwane Pan y K n Ga-Sekao/Kachikaubwe/Kachikabwe Standardization w e a L i/ n d d n o a y ba ! in m Shakawe Ngarange L ! zu ! !(Ghoha/Gcoha Gate we !(! Ng Samochema/Samochima Mpandamatenga/ This map highlights numerous places with Savute/Savuti Chobe National Park !(! Pandamatenga O Gudigwa te ! ! k Savu !( !( a ! v Nxamasere/Ncamasere a n a CHOBE DISTRICT more than one or varying names. The g Zweizwe Pan o an uiq !(! ag ! Sepupa/Sepopa Seronga M ! Savute Marsh Tsodilo !(! Gonutsuga/Gonitsuga scenario is influenced by human-centric Xau dum Nxauxau/Nxaunxau !(! ! Etsha 13 Jao! events based on governance or culture. achira Moan i e a h hw a k K g o n B Cakanaca/Xakanaka Mababe Ta ! u o N r o Moremi Wildlife Reserve Whether the place name is officially X a u ! G Gumare o d o l u OKAVANGO DELTA m m o e ! ti g Sankuyo o bestowed or adopted circumstantially, Qangwa g ! o !(! M Xaxaba/Cacaba B certain terminology in usage Nokaneng ! o r o Nxai National ! e Park n Shorobe a e k n will prevail within a society a Xaxa/Caecae/Xaixai m l e ! C u a n !( a d m a e a a b S c b K h i S " a " e a u T z 0 d ih n D 0 ' u ' m w NGAMILAND DISTRICT y ! Nxai Pan 0 m Tsokotshaa/Tsokatshaa 0 Gcwihabadu C T e Maun ° r ° h e ! 0 0 Ghwihaba/ ! a !( o 2 !( i ata Mmanxotae/Manxotae 2 g Botet N ! Gcwihaba e !( ! Nxharaga/Nxaraga !(! Maitengwe
    [Show full text]
  • Geology and Paragenesis of the Boseto Copper Deposits, Kalahari
    GEOLOGY AND PARAGENESIS OF THE BOSETO COPPER DEPOSITS, KALAHARI COPPERBELT, NORTHWEST BOTSWANA by Wesley S. Hall A thesis submitted to the Faculty and the Board of Trustees of the Colorado School of Mines in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Geology) Golden, Colorado Date _________________________ Signed: ______________________________ Wesley S. Hall Signed: ______________________________ Dr. Murray W. Hitzman Thesis Advisor Golden, Colorado Date _________________________ Signed: ______________________________ Dr. John D. Humphrey Associate Professor and Head Department of Geology & Geological Engineering ii ABSTRACT Detailed lithostratigraphic, structural, and petrographic studies coupled with fluid inclusion and stable isotopic analyses and geochronological studies indicate that the Boseto copper deposits formed initially during diagenesis as metalliferous brines ascended along basin faults and moved along a stratigraphic redox boundary between continental red beds and an overlying reduced marine siliciclastic sequence. The hanging wall rocks to copper-silver ore zones comprise comprises a series of at least three stacked coarsening upwards cycles deposited in a deltaic depositional setting. Early copper mineralization may have been accompanied by regionally extensive albitization. Later multiple pulses of faulting and hydrothermal fluid flow associated with a southeast-vergent folding event in the Ghanzi-Chobe belt resulted in extensive networks of bedding-parallel and discordant quartz-carbonate-(Cu-Fe-sulfide) veins. This contractional deformation-related vein and shear system was responsible for significant remobilization of pre-existing vertically and laterally zoned copper sulfide minerals into high- grade zones by hot (250-300˚C), syn-orogenic, metamorphic-derived hydrothermal fluids. Orientation analysis indicates that the mineralized veins probably formed in association with a flexural slip folding processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Republic of Botswana the Project for Enhancing National Forest Monitoring System for the Promotion of Sustainable Natural Resource Management
    DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND RANGE RESOURCES (DFRR) MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND TOURISM (MENT) REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA THE PROJECT FOR ENHANCING NATIONAL FOREST MONITORING SYSTEM FOR THE PROMOTION OF SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT DECEMBER 2017 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY（JICA） ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS GLOBAL CO., LTD. JAPAN FOREST TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION GE JR 17-131 DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND RANGE RESOURCES (DFRR) MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND TOURISM (MENT) REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA THE PROJECT FOR ENHANCING NATIONAL FOREST MONITORING SYSTEM FOR THE PROMOTION OF SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT DECEMBER 2017 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY（JICA） ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS GLOBAL CO., LTD. JAPAN FOREST TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION DFRR/JICA: Botswana Forest Distribution Map Zambia Angola Zambia Legend KASANE Angola ! ! Settlement CountryBoundary Riparian Forest Typical Forest Woodland Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Bushland/Shrubland Savanna/Grassland/Forbs MAUN ! NATA Baregorund ! TUTUME ! Desert/Sand Dunes Marsh/Wetland FRANCISTOWN Waterbody/Pan ! ORAPA Namibia ! TONOTA ! GHANZI Angola Zambia Namibia ! SELEBI-PHIKWE BOBONONG ! ! Zimbabwe SEROWE ! PALAPYE ! Namibia MAHALAPYE ! South Africa KANG ! MOLEPOLOLE MOCHUDI ! ! JWANENG ! GABORONE ! ´ 0 50 100 200 RAMOTSWA ! KANYE Kilometres ! Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS 1984 LOBATSE ! Botswana Forest Distribution Map Produced from
    [Show full text]
  • SABONET Report No 18
    ii Quick Guide This book is divided into two sections: the first part provides descriptions of some common trees and shrubs of Botswana, and the second is the complete checklist. The scientific names of the families, genera, and species are arranged alphabetically. Vernacular names are also arranged alphabetically, starting with Setswana and followed by English. Setswana names are separated by a semi-colon from English names. A glossary at the end of the book defines botanical terms used in the text. Species that are listed in the Red Data List for Botswana are indicated by an ® preceding the name. The letters N, SW, and SE indicate the distribution of the species within Botswana according to the Flora zambesiaca geographical regions. Flora zambesiaca regions used in the checklist. Administrative District FZ geographical region Central District SE & N Chobe District N Ghanzi District SW Kgalagadi District SW Kgatleng District SE Kweneng District SW & SE Ngamiland District N North East District N South East District SE Southern District SW & SE N CHOBE DISTRICT NGAMILAND DISTRICT ZIMBABWE NAMIBIA NORTH EAST DISTRICT CENTRAL DISTRICT GHANZI DISTRICT KWENENG DISTRICT KGATLENG KGALAGADI DISTRICT DISTRICT SOUTHERN SOUTH EAST DISTRICT DISTRICT SOUTH AFRICA 0 Kilometres 400 i ii Trees of Botswana: names and distribution Moffat P. Setshogo & Fanie Venter iii Recommended citation format SETSHOGO, M.P. & VENTER, F. 2003. Trees of Botswana: names and distribution. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 18. Pretoria. Produced by University of Botswana Herbarium Private Bag UB00704 Gaborone Tel: (267) 355 2602 Fax: (267) 318 5097 E-mail: [email protected] Published by Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET), c/o National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X101, 0001 Pretoria and University of Botswana Herbarium, Private Bag UB00704, Gaborone.
    [Show full text]
  • Botswana Power Corporation
    BPC Accelerated Green Energy Initiative BOTSWANA POWER CORPORATION TENDER NO. 2273/17 REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL RELATING TO THE DEVELOPMENT, FINANCING, CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF 12 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PROJECTS PART I GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS TO BIDDER ISSUE DATE: 26TH NOVEMBER 2018 BPC Re-tender No. 2273/17 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................... 2 PART I ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS TO BIDDER ............................................................................................... 2 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 2 2. Project Information & Concept ......................................................................................................... 8 3. Bidding Process & Form of Bids .................................................................................................... 10 4. Instructions to Bidders (Volume 1 – Part I Compliance & Qualifications) ...................................... 20 5. Instruction to Bidders (Volume 1 – Part I Technical & Financial Proposals).................................. 22 ANNEX 1 ..............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 'Improving Their Lives.' State Policies and San Resistance in Botswana
    Western University Scholarship@Western Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi) 2005 ‘Improving their lives.’ State policies and San resistance in Botswana Sidsel Saugestad Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/aprci Part of the Human Rights Law Commons, and the Other Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons Citation of this paper: Saugestad, Sidsel, "‘Improving their lives.’ State policies and San resistance in Botswana" (2005). Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi). 191. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/aprci/191 ‘Improving their lives.’ State policies and San resistance in Botswana Sidsel Saugestad Department of Social Anthropology, University of Tromso, N- 9037, Tromsø, Norway [email protected] Keywords San, Botswana, game reserve, relocation, indigenous peoples, land claim Abstract A court case raised by a group of San (former) hunter-gatherers, protesting against relocation from the Central Kalahari Game Reserve, has attracted considerable international attention. The Government of Botswana argues that the relocation was done in order to ‘improve the lives’ of the residents, and that it was in their own best interest. The residents plead their right to stay in their traditional territories, a right increasingly acknowledged in international law, and claim that they did not relocate voluntarily. The case started in 2004 and will, due to long interspersed adjournments, go on into 2006. This article traces the events that led up to the case, and reports on its progress thus far. The case is seen as an arena for expressing and negotiating the relationship between an indigenous minority and the state in which they reside.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Primary Schools
    PRIMARY SCHOOLS CENTRAL REGION NO SCHOOL ADDRESS LOCATION TELE PHONE REGION 1 Agosi Box 378 Bobonong 2619596 Central 2 Baipidi Box 315 Maun Makalamabedi 6868016 Central 3 Bobonong Box 48 Bobonong 2619207 Central 4 Boipuso Box 124 Palapye 4620280 Central 5 Boitshoko Bag 002B Selibe Phikwe 2600345 Central 6 Boitumelo Bag 11286 Selibe Phikwe 2600004 Central 7 Bonwapitse Box 912 Mahalapye Bonwapitse 4740037 Central 8 Borakanelo Box 168 Maunatlala 4917344 Central 9 Borolong Box 10014 Tatitown Borolong 2410060 Central 10 Borotsi Box 136 Bobonong 2619208 Central 11 Boswelakgomo Bag 0058 Selibe Phikwe 2600346 Central 12 Botshabelo Bag 001B Selibe Phikwe 2600003 Central 13 Busang I Memorial Box 47 Tsetsebye 2616144 Central 14 Chadibe Box 7 Sefhare 4640224 Central 15 Chakaloba Bag 23 Palapye 4928405 Central 16 Changate Box 77 Nkange Changate Central 17 Dagwi Box 30 Maitengwe Dagwi Central 18 Diloro Box 144 Maokatumo Diloro 4958438 Central 19 Dimajwe Box 30M Dimajwe Central 20 Dinokwane Bag RS 3 Serowe 4631473 Central 21 Dovedale Bag 5 Mahalapye Dovedale Central 22 Dukwi Box 473 Francistown Dukwi 2981258 Central 23 Etsile Majashango Box 170 Rakops Tsienyane 2975155 Central 24 Flowertown Box 14 Mahalapye 4611234 Central 25 Foley Itireleng Box 161 Tonota Foley Central 26 Frederick Maherero Box 269 Mahalapye 4610438 Central 27 Gasebalwe Box 79 Gweta 6212385 Central 28 Gobojango Box 15 Kobojango 2645346 Central 29 Gojwane Box 11 Serule Gojwane Central 30 Goo - Sekgweng Bag 29 Palapye Goo-Sekgweng 4918380 Central 31 Goo-Tau Bag 84 Palapye Goo - Tau 4950117
    [Show full text]
  • Blue Book - Botswana Blue Book - Botswana
    BLUE BOOK - BOTSWANA BLUE BOOK - BOTSWANA Statuwr.vlnstrurnent No.102 l~f2014 CUSTOMARY COURTS ACT (C<ip. 04:05) ESTABLISHMENT AND JURISDICTION OF CUSTOMARY COURTS ORDER, 2014 (Published on. 15th August, 2074) ARRANGEMENT OF PARAGRAPHS PARAGRAPH 1. Ciwtion 2. Recognition and establishment 3. Area of jurisdiction 4. Jmisdiction of coun 5. Jurisdiction [n respect of stock theft and drugs and re-lated substances 6. Revocation of S .I. No. 68 of 1972 SCHEDULES IN EXERCISE of tJw powers conferred on the Minister of Local Government and Rural Development by section 7 (3) of the Customary Court;; Act, the following Order is hereby made - Citation 1. This Order may be cill•d as the Establishment and Jurisdiction of Customary Courts Order, 2014. Rcx:<:>gnition ar.d 2. Tht.' customary courts listed in the flrst column of Schedule l hereto have ~stohi i shment by warrant been recognised and established as customary couJts \Vi thin the districts named in the said column. Area of 3. The area of jurisdiciion of each court shalll:>e the area stated in rdation jurisdiction to the Court in the second column of Schedule l . Jurisdiction 4. Subject to paragraph 5, the jurisdiction of each court in respel:t of civil of court and criminal matters shall be that indicated by ktters in relation to its name in the third and fourth columns respectively of Schedule 1, which letters refer to the maximum awards, fines or punishments which may be imposed, infl icted or granted by ihe court and which arc more fully indicated in s(.~hcd ulc 2.
    [Show full text]