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Scroll down to read the article. PULA Journal of African Studies, vo.l11 nO.2 (1997) A checklist and subject index of history and archaeology dissertations and research essays submitted at the University of , 1976-1998

Geoffrey Barei, Maitseo Bolaane, Kofi Darkwah, Neil Parsons, Alinah Segobye*, & Kevin Shillington** * Department of History, University of Botswana; **Freelance author, London & Dorsteshire, England

Abstract Four MA dissertations and 222 BA research essays are listed alphabetically, and indexed by reference number under three subject categories-geographical area (by district, etc.), ethnic group, and a general subject index of 42 headings. All but 31 of the 226 alphabetical entries contain research solely on Botswana: the other countries being (12 entries), (II), (6), Angola and (I each). The most researched district of Botswana is Central (54 entries), followed by Kgatleng and Kweneng (25 each), North-East (24), South-East (16), Southern (9), Ngamiland (6), Chobe and (3 each), and Kgalagadi (2). The subject index of 29 ethnic groups ranges from (2 entries) and Amandebele (2) through Babirwa (7), Bakalanga (24), Bakgatla (27), Bakhalagari (4), Bakwena (21), Bangwato (19), Basarwa (5), and Batlharo (I), to Indians (3) and Ovambanderu (2). The general subject index ranges from Administration (29 entries), Agriculture (18), and Archaeology (21), through Biography (28), Cattle (7), Chieftainship (27), Class formation (7), Councils (7), Economic development (23), Education (14), and Heritage management (7), to Labour and labour migration (7), Medicine (4), Nationalism (13), Religion (15), Serfdom, servitude and slavery (7), Settlement history (19), Trade and commerce (13), Trade unions (6), and Urbanization (IS). With the notable exception of one MA dissertation, there is a lack of cultural studies which may partly be attributed to research being done instead under the aegis of other departments in the Faculty of Humanities. Introduction This checklistl and subject index, covering the academic years 1976-77 to 1997-98, has been compiled so as to make this body of research more readily available to further scholarship-particularly now that the Department of History (including Archaeology & Museum Studies) will be offering the research degrees ofM.Phil and Ph.D. The checklist consists largely of B.A. research essays, submitted by undergraduate History or Archaeology Major students at the end of their fourth year after field research and a number of seminar presentations. Bound typescript copies of dissertations and research essays are deposited in the Botswana Collection of the University of Botswana Library (some bound with notes of oral interviews) and in the Botswana National Archives, . As can be seen below, eight research essays have been subsequently published in an academic journal or book (entries BA-26, 59, 95, Ill, 154, 158, 193, & 199).

177 Geographical Index referring to entry numbers of alphabetical listing below Angola BA-86. Botswana (general coverage) BA-{j, 11, 13,21,31,32,36,42,45,52,69,72,74,79,84,91,104,106, 108,112,113,118,119,136,141,153,156,158,162,168,178,179,183, 190,191,195,199,201,203,209,214,218. Botswana, Central District: MA-2; BA-2, 2, 7, 8,17,19,20,22,23,25,26,27,30,33,38,40,49,50, 51,54,55,58,62,64,67,83,86,88,89,92,93,117,125,131, 132, 135, 142,143,148,149,152,154,157,161,162,166,172,174, 184, 187, 196, 204,221. Botswana, BA-180, 202, 213. Botswana, : BA-37, 133,206. Botswana, BA-94, 137. Botswana, BA-14, 15,43,44,60,63,68,85,100, 109, 120, 123, 127, 130, 134, 140, 1~1~1~1~1~ln1~lnl~ Botswana, BA--4, 12,28,51,57,59,76,77,80,95,99,102,105, Ill, 114, 122, 155, 164,194,198,207,208,211,215,216. Botswana, Ngamiland District BA-IO, 16,34,39,81,144,160. Botswana, North-East District BA-20, 30, 46, 53, 55, 56, 71, 83, 87, 98,107,129,148, 150, 151, 152, 164,166,170,189,204,212,217,222. Botswana, South-East District MA-1; BA--47, 48, 70, 82, 97, 101, 110, 115, 121, 124, 139, 167, 175, 219, 220. Botswana, Southern District BA-{jO,63, 78, 96,138,171,186,192,205. Namibia BA-34, 45, 52, 86, 202, 206. South Africa MA-l;BA-{j,45,52,86,94, 130, 137, 139, 170, 179, 189. Zambia BA-202. Zimbabwe ~A-3;BA--45,83,86, 132, 148, 164, 184,217,218,222. Ethnic Index referring to entry numbers of alphabetical listing below Afrikaners BA-74,133, Amandebele BA-129,204. Babirwa MA-2; BA-2,7, 117, 157, 184, 196. Bahurutshe BA-215 Bakaa BA-28 Bakalanga BA-19, 20, 27, 30, 38,46, 49, 54, 55, 67, 83,98,125, 132, 140, 148,150, 154,159,164,166,169,185,210. Bakgatla (Kgafela) BA-14,43, 44, 60, 63, 68, 70, 85, 100, 109, 120, 123, 127, 130, 134, 145, 146,147,159,176,177,182,193,197,198,204. Bakgatla (~anyana) BA-216. Bakhalagari BA-{j1,95, 105, 133. Bakhurutshe BA-33,62, 107, 152, 188,204. Bakwena BA--4, 12,28,51,57,59,76,77,80,95,99,102, 105, Ill, 114, 122, 155, 194, 200, 207, 208,. Balete MA-1; BA-{j3, 76,124,167,175. Bangwaketse BA-24, 60, 63, 78, 96,116,138,171,186. Bangwato BA-7, 8,17,18,22,23,26,51,58,64,89,125,131, 157, 163, 172,187, 196,204. Barolong BA-82, 170, 189,220. Basarwa BA-26,28, 133, 182, 187. Baseleka BA-135. Basubiya BA-180. Batawana BA-8, 16,39,133,160. Bateti BA-25, 62, 221. Batlharo BA-93. Batlokwa ~A-1; BA-139. Batswapong BA-3,17. Bayeyi BA-39,144. British BA-16,74, 107, 120, 153, 173. Coloureds BA--4I, 137, 179. Europeans BA-32, 42,48, 74,88,174,205,212. Indians BA-18, 173, 183. Khoesan see Basarwa & Bateti Ovaherero BA-35, 40, 81, 206.

178 Ovambanderu BA-34.

General subject index referring to entry numbers of alphabetica/listing below Administration & bureaucracy BA- 6, 9, 10, 16,21,29,32,36,45,57,66,72,73, 75, 78, 84, 113, 119, 128,138,153,162,173,175,178,190,200,202,213,. Agriculture BA-3, 23, 48, 60, 69, 82, 88, 114,119,123,128,133,147,154,168,205, 213,219. Archaeology BA-1, 2, 28, 61, 92, 93, 96,110,112,134,136,141,142,155,160,161, 165, 192, 193, 194, 209. Biography BA-Bathoen II (78); B1ackbeard, C.W. (174); Galani (185); Habangana, B. (210); Haskins, J. (212); Isang (15, 146); Matante, P.P. (5); Mmusi, P.S.O. (181); Moleti Pilane (120); Motlhagodi, T.W. (197); Motsete, K.T. (149); Neale Sechele (4); Nswazwi, J.M. (125); Ntebogang (116); Phetu Mphoeng (SO);Raditladi, L.D. (8); Ratshosa, S. (162); Sebele 1(102); Sekgoma Khama (50); Sekgoma Letsholathebe (16); Tshekedi Khama (22, 23, SO,64, 125, 13I). Borders & boundaries BA-6,29,45, 164, 179, 190,218. Capitalism BA-71,119. Cattle BA-20, 69, 136, 147, 155, 161, 163. Chieftainship (bogosi) BA- 4, 6, 15,22,23,35,44,50,58,54,66,78,84,85,99,100,116,120, 122,125,138,163,171,175,201,208,210. Class fonnation BA-87, 114, 144, 145, 163, 195, 207. Cooperatives BA-23, 91,177. Councils BA-European Advisory (32); House of Chiefs (201); Joint Advisory (178); Town (126); Legislative or Legco (106); Town (47). Cultural studies MA-1. Economic devlopment BA-IO, II, 13, 14, 15,21,23,33,40,43,46,55,68,69,71,89,111, lIS, 123,158,199,213,219. Education BA-12, 15,67,77,104,121,141,146,149,150,168,191,197,203. Environment BA-10. See also Migration, Settlement etc. Epidemics See Medicine. Heritage management BA-I,2, 112,134,141,142,165. Historiography BA-148,193. Imperialism & colonialism BA-71, 77,122,124,151,188,199,222. Iron Age BA-28,96, 107, 110, 134, 160, 161, 193, 194. Kinship BA-198. Labour & labour migration BA-46, 52, 54, 59, 63, 88, 181. See also Trade unions. Land tenure BA-49, 107, 151,205. Law & custom BA-99. See also Administration, Chieftainship, Kinship etc. Literature BA-8. Medicine BA-80, 109, 176, 186. Mephato age-regiments BA-68,200. Migration BA-34, 94, 206. See also Labour & labour migration. Military BA-190, 214. See also Police & prisons, War etc. Mining, minerals & metallurgy BA-93, 110,143, 156. Museums BA-165. See also Heritage management. Mwalicult BA-148,185. Nationalism BA-5, 8, 22, 36, 39, 83, 103, 106, 140, 149, 181, 197,207. See also Political parties. Non-government organisations MA-I; BA-23, 79,121,191. Oral traditions BA-148 Police & prisons BA-73, 75,113,190. See also Military. Political parties BA-103, 106, 174, 181, 197. See also Nationalism. Pottery See Iron Age. BA-105. See also Economic development. Poverty Press & newspapers BA-II8. Railways BA-II,158. Refugees MA-I; BA-86. BA-24, 65, 77, 80, 90,109,127,148,166,167,176,185,186,200,217. Religion & churches Serfdom, servitude & slavery BA-17, 26, 39, 95,105,144,187. BA-19, 24, 25, 34, 37, 49, 61, 62, 70, 92, 96, 97,101,139,161,172,189, Settlement history 194, 206. See also Urbanization and villagization.

179 Stone Age BA-28, 192,209. Trade & commerce MA-3; BA-18, 20, 21, 30, 87, 93,145,174,183,212,220,221. Trade unions BA-3I, 104, 156, 181, 195,203. Transport See Railways. Urbanisation & villagization BA-9, 47, 53, 56, 70, 92, 96, 97,101, 115, 126, 143, 172, 194,212. See also Settlement history. War BA-34, 55, 74, 89,108, III, 184,202. Wetlands BA-IO. See also Botswana, Ngamiland District. Westemisation BA-12, 15,67. See also Education. Women BA-I08, 116, 131, 185. Youth BA-79,191.

Checklist of M.A. History Dissertations 1994-97 alphabetical listing by author 1. GRON, Elizabeth (1997) 'Apartheid cultural exiles on the frontline: case study [of] Botswana' 2. KEPA, M. (1996) 'Land problems of Ba-Tlokwa and Ba-ga-Malete in the Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1885-1966' 3. NY AMUPACHITU, JonesA. (1994) 'Botswana-Zimbabwe trade: cooperation and conflict in bilateral traderelations 1956-1993' 4. SEGW AMA, Jury Z. (1996) 'Aspects of the socio-economic and political history of Babirwa'

Checklist of B.A. History Research Essays 1976-98 alphabetical listing by author 1. BAELETSI, N.L. (1995) 'Cultural resource management in a developing country: problems and suggestions for Botswana' 2. BALOl, Lexy M.D. (1996) 'Archaeology and mud wall decay in the Bobirwa area: an ethnoarchaeological study' 3. BANE, Emmanuel G.S. (1995) 'Foot and mouth disease in Botswana: case study of Tswapong area, 1933-1993' 4. BAREl, Geoffrey Boy (1992) 'The 1962-63 Bonewamang-Moruakgomo succession dispute and the installation of Molaodi Neale Sechele as compromise Kgosi of Bakwena' 5. BAYANI, Benedict G. (1992) 'The political career of Philip Parcel Matante, 1948- 1979' 6. BITSANG, Masimba C. (1982) 'Chiefs, the transfer [to the Union of South Africa] and administrative colonial control: Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1930-1940' 7. BOBENG, Modisanyane (1976) 'The Bangwato-Babirwa conflict in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries' 8. BOlKHUTSO, Keene (1985) 'The life and times of Leetile Raditaldi, 1910-1971' 9. BOLAANE, Maitseo M. (1992) 'The history of the Water Utilities Corporation (WUC), 1970-1990' 10. BOY,Victor Maika (1988) 'The economic history of the Okavango delta: the role of the state 1945 to the present' 11. BULA WA, Haskins (1985) 'The political, economic and social impact of the railway on Botswana, 1895-1970' 12. CHAKALlSA, Patrick P. (1981) 'The development and impact of Western education in Kweneng, 1946-1966' 13. CHARUMBIRA, Baeti B. (1988) 'Socio-economic development in the Bechuanaland Protectorate (Botswana) 1945-1965' 14. CHINGANZE, Felicitas (1980) 'The political economy of Kgatleng, 1971-1920' 15. DIKOLE, S.R. (1978) 'Kgosi Isang Pilane's modernising programme' 16. DIKOLE, Walter (1978) 'Sekgoma Letsholathebe's rule and the British administration' 17. DIMPE, Motswedi (1989) 'Batswapong-Bangwato relations: the politics of subordination and exploitation, 1895-1949'

180 18. DODZ1, Leslie S. (1994) 'The Botswana Indian question: a colonial legacy and its socio-economic and political impact in the years 1893-1993' 19. DUBE, Pauline Opha (1984) 'Settlement pattern as a dynamic process: the Sebinal area of north[ern] Central District of Botswana, 1895-1959' 20. EDZAN1, Unopa (1984) 'European cattle trade among Bakalanga: its nature and impact, 1890-1960' 21. EIKEMEIER, Kurt (Jm.) (1991) 'The "good-fors" system and the intervention of the colonial state in the economy: the case of Bechuanaland Protectorate' 22. GABASIANE, Odirile (1985) 'Tshekedi Khama in exile 1949-1959: A study in the continuing influence of the former Regent on Bangwato politics in particular and [on] the political life of the Bechuanaland Protectorate in general' 23. GABAS1ANE, Pitlagano Sebereko (1988) 'The origins and activities of the Ba[ma]ngwato Development Association: economic and social influence of Tshekedi Khama, 1958-1966' 24. GABORONE, Mabe Rabasha (1987) 'The Metlobo migrations: a question of religious intolerance among the Ngwaketse, 1956-1966' 25. GABOTLALE, Bester (1998) 'The resettlement of people from Boteti river in the Boteti sub-district (1930-1966)' 26. GADIBOLAE, Mabunga Nlashwa (1984) 'Serfdom (bo/ata) in the Nata area, 1926- 1960'. Published in Botswana Notes and Records, 17 (1985),25-32. 27. GAUTHUSI, Samuel L. (1985) 'Pre-colonial history of Bakalanga of Mengwe, c.1800- c.1885' 28. GOPOLANG, S.M. (1997) 'The impact of Iron Age population on Late Stone Age population: an archaeological survey of area' 29. GUMBO, Glorious B. (1986) 'The demarcation of reserve boundaries in the Bechuanaland Protectorate' 30. HAMANDA WANA, Hamisai (1983) 'Trade and politics among the Kalanga in the nineteenth century' 31. HOSIA, Tshwarelo (1993) 'A history of trade unionism in Botswana, 1940-1966' 32. HULELA, Modiaotsile M. (1978) 'The role of the European Advisory Council in the administration of Bechuanaland Prorectorate, 1920-1960' 33. JOROSI, Nlayzi Boemo (1986) 'The economic history of and periphery c.1913- 1966' 34. KANDAPAERA, Kaende (1992) 'War, flight, assylum-a brief history of the Ovambanderu of Ngamiland, Botswana, 1896-1961' 35. KAOTOZU, Kovihende K. (1994) 'From subjugation to politics of collaboration: an introduction to the history of the Ovaherero of , 1830-1870' 36. KATSANDE, George (1982) 'The evolution of the Bechuanaland Protectorate African civil service in a colonial context,c.1895-1965' 37. KEAKOPA, Segomotso M. (1993) 'The history of rural settlements in the Gantsi district: the case of West Hanahai, Kcagae and Groot Laagte, 1966-I992' 38. KEBEILWE, K.P. (1983) 'Acculturation in north-eastern Botswana: the Kaa of Sebina among Mengwe's Kalanga 1800-1966' 39. KEBlDITSWE, Kgakgamatso (1984) 'Subordination and conflict in Ngamiland: the Bayei protest of of 1948' 40. KEBONANG, Boammaruri Bahumi (1988) 'The socio-economic and political history of the Herero of , Central District, 1922-1984' 41. KEDDY, Banyana (1985) 'The Mokgopoetsane coloureds and their response to cultural assimilation' 42. KEINEETSE, Daniel M. (1982) 'European presence as a factor in the transformation of Botswana's political and social formations' 43. KENOSI, Bagele M. (1980) 'From self-sufficiency to dependency: the economic history of Kgatleng, 1871-1930' 44. KGAKOLE, Joseph (1995) 'The career of Chief Moleti Kgafela Pilane of Bakgatla-ba- Kgafela at , 1909-1958' 45. KGOSIEMANG, Rose Tiny (1991) 'Illegal border crossings: the evolution of Botswana immigation policy'

181 46. KOBOKOBO, Kene E. (1982) 'Labour migration and its economic impact on the north- east district: the case of Bakalanga, 11870-1939' 47. KOENIGES, Jona (1991) 'The history of the establishment of Lobatse town council' 48. KOLAAGANO, Ikanyeng (1987) 'Impact of white farmer settlers on Botswana society: case of Lobatse block, 1904-1965' 49. KOLOGWE, Innocent Amen (1991) 'Land tenure, a changing phenomenon: a case study of village, 1970-1990' 50. KOOAGILE, Gobatlwang (1986) 'Chief versus Chief's representative, Phetu Mphoeng and Sekgoma Khama: an episode in the life of a district governor' 51. KOOAGILE, Tlhabologo Alfred (1976) 'Relations between the Bakwena and the Bangwato c.1830-1890' 52. KOTE, Dile Delarey (1976) 'Recruitment of mine labour in Botswana, 1899-1945' 53. KOVEY A, Christopher A.S. (1985) 'The origin and development of Tatitown district of to the 1970's' 54. KUBANJI, Nakiso M. (1992) 'The impact of migrant labour on sub-district: a case study of the villages of Sebina, Tutume and Maitengwe 1900-1950' 55. KUSWANI, Ngano Edias T. (1987) 'The socio-economic and political effects of the Second World War on Bukalanga 1939-1950' 56. KWELAGANO, Chiboyi Macdonald Thomas (1978) 'The history of Francistown to the 1960s' 57. LECHA, Moiteelasilo D. (1981) 'The impact of capitalist expansion on the Kweneng peripheral economy, 1930-1945' 58. LEEPILE, Gaana Setsiba (1989) 'The trend of bogosi in Botswana: the case of Bangwato, 1949-1979' 59. LEEPILE, Methaetsile Anthony (1981) 'The impact of migrant labour on the economy of Kweneng, 1940-1980'. Published in Botswana Notes and Records, 13 (1981), 33- 43. 60. LEKOBA, Kehilwe (1988) 'Sorghum production and marketing in the Bechuanaland Protectorate: the case of Kgatleng and Ngwaketse reserves 1939-1966' 61. LEPEKOANE, Patricia Maungo (1994) 'Bakgalagadi settlements in historical and ethnoarcheological perspective' 62. LERE, Kerileng L. (1994) 'A history of the Bakhurutshe of Boteti and ' 63. LETSA TSI, Roy Bafurutshe (1984) 'The impact of labour migration on Botswana: a case study of Balete of , Bangwaketse of Kanye, and Bakgatla of Mochudi, 1900- 1970' 64. LETSIDIDI, Bernard Moloa Seabelo (1976) 'Some aspects of the career of Tshekedi Khama' 65. LUBINDA, Itumeleng Shimane (1979) 'Ethiopianism in Botswana' 66. MABENA, Onesmus Casey (1977) 'The decline of the power of the Tswana chiefs, 1885-1934' 67. MADlKWE, M.M. (1983) 'Western education among the Kalanga of northern Ngwato District, 109-1966' 68. MADlSA, Motsei Mmaseteba (1980) 'Regiments as a tributary mode-of-production: the case of Kgatleng' 69. MAFELA, Lily (1982) 'Colonial initiatives and African response to the establishment of the dairy industry in Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1930-1966' 70, MAFU, Dumisane (1980) 'The origins and growth of village: a socio-political and economic analysis' 71. MAIKANO, Balekang Magcobo (1977) 'Micro study of economic imperialism -in north- eastern Bechuanaland Protectorate' 72. MAIKANO, Gaborekwe Kondi (1982) 'The evolution of district administration in Botswana, 1900-1980' 73. MAINE, Mpho (1989) 'The role and development of the Bechuanaland Protectorate police force, 1989-1966' 74. MAKA YA, Ma-Lord Thotoane (1979) 'The Anglo-Boer War and its effects on the Bechuanaland Protectorate' 75. MAKGALA, Christian J. (1997) 'The role and development of the tribal police in Botswana 1926 to 1973'

182 76. MAKHIWA, Godfrey (1993) 'Ba-ga-Malete of , 1892-1966: their resistance to Bakwena supremacy' 77. MALAMBANE, Mokgweetsi (1981) 'The role of the L.M.S. in Kweneng: an aspect of missionary imperialism' 78. MALETE, Leapetswe J. (1990) 'The career of Kgosi Bathoen II (Seepapitso Gaseitsiwe) of the Bangwaketse 1908-1969' 79. MALIEHE, M.T. (1997) 'The role of youth movements in the 1945- 1986' 80. MALOKOANE, O.K. (I99S) 'The establishment of Scottish Livingstone Memorial Hospital and its impact on the work of traditional doctors: a case study of ' 81. MANASE, George Uaisana (1984) 'The politics of separation: the case of the Ovaherero of Ngamiland' 82. MANGOLE, Jacobeth Tompo (1976) 'The Barolong Farms' 83. MANNATHOKO, Changu Edith (1978) 'Kalanga politics in the context of nationalism in Botswana: a historical perspective' 84. MANUNGO, Kenneth Roxy D. (1977) 'The role of the Native Advisory Council in the administration of the Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1919-1960' 8S. MANYEULA, Anna (1980) 'The place and changing roles of the kgot/a and chieftaincy in the history of the Bakgatla' 86. MAPOSA, Ishmael J. (1994) 'History and impact of refugee camp, 1978-1993' 87. MARATA, O. (1983) 'African traders in the North-Eastern District up to 1981: the rise and development of an African middle class' 88. MARUA TONA, Tonic Lefetogile (1988) 'A historical analysis of the conditions of farm labourers in freehold farms: [the] case of the Tuli Block, 1930-197S' 89. MARUMO, Marumo Solomon D. (1989) 'The socio-economic and political impact of the Second World War on the Bangwato 1939-194S' 90. MASENDU, Kangangwani (1979) 'Religion and politics in Mapoka, with reference to surrounding areas, 1900-197S' 91. MASWABI, D.L. (1994) 'Evolution of saving and credit cooperatives in Botswana' 92. MATHIBIDI, Nonofho (1996) 'Landscape history in Botswana: a study of the layout of settlement and spatial organisation of Bangwato society at Old ' 93. MATSHETSHE, Kabelo (1998) 'Salt production and salt trade in the Makgadikgadi pans' 94. MATTHYS, L.M.S. (1997) 'The Batlharo and their relations with their neighbours 1820-1966' 95. MAUTLE, Texan G. (1981) 'Bakgalagadi-Bakwena relationship: a case of slavery, c.1840-c.1930'. Published in Botswana Notes and Records, 18 (1986), 19-31. 96. MBAKILE, Leonard S. (199S) 'Classification and interpretation of stone-walled sites and related features in the vicinity of Ranaka' 97. MBONGWE, Jowitt Paddy Batugile (1982) 'The colonial and post-independence urban development of Gaborone, 1887-1981' 98. MBONINI, B.K. (1990) 'A history of Baka- from c.1890-1966' 99. MBUYA, Titus Mnyamana ka (1984) 'Legitimacy and succession in Tswana states: the case of the Bakwena, 1930-1943' 100.MCHAELI, C.M. (1980) 'An analysis of headmanship: the Ntshole of Morwa, 1896- 1966' 10I.MGADLA, Part Themba Rodney (1978) 'The history of the town and area of Lobatse from precolonial time to 1965' 102.MHAPHA, Gaofose (1977) 'The career of Chief Sebele I' 103.MOAMOGWE, Batsile Victoria (1982) 'Rural conservatism versus nationalism in pre- independent Botswana: the Bechuanaland People's Party, 1960-1966' 104.MODUKANELE, K.C.B. (1997) 'Teacher trade unionism in Botswana: the development of splinter groups from the Botswana Teachers' Union in the 1980s' 10S.MOENG, B.E.M. (1986) 'The root cause of poverty among the Bakgalagadi in Kweneng West: exploitation and underdevelopment by the Bakwena, 1931-1966' 106 MOERANE Letsoko N. (1982) 'The role of the Legco in the formation of political . parties in Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1960-1965'

183 107.MOGOTSI, M.O. (1983) 'Failure to reclaim lost land: the Khurutshe and British Tati company imperialism, 1890-I939' 108.MOGWE, Gaele (1991) 'Experiences of Batswana women during the Second World War' 109.MOITOI, Bonkie (1995) 'A history of the Dutch Reformed Church in Mochudi' IIO.MOKOBI, Victor K.M. (1995) 'An archaeological investigation of iron working in south eastern Botswana' 111.MOKOPAKGOSI, Brian (1981) 'The socio-economic and political impact of the Second World War on the Bakwena, 1939-1950'. Published in Richard Rathbone & David Killingray (1986), eds. Africa in the Second Warid War London & Basingstoke: Macmillan, 160-180. 112.MOKONE, Simon J. (1998) 'Cultural heritage tourism in Botswana' [Kolobeng, Manyana, Kobokwe & Tsodilo] 113.MOLATOLE, Tshiamiso Violet (1993) 'The history of the Prisons Department, 1966- 1990' 114.MOLEBATSI, Chadzimula O. (1981) 'Agricultural transformation and the rise of Kulak farmers in Kweneng, 1939-1966' 115.MOLEBATSI, Dean Thabo (1996) 'The economic history of Lobatse from the colonial period to 1980: an insight into underdevelopment' 116.MOLEFI, Rogers Keteng Keokilwe (1978) 'The regency of Chieftainess Ntebogang of the Ngwaketse, 1924-1928' 117.MOLELU, G.B. (1985) 'The history of the Babirwa from pre-colonial times to early Ngwato rule, 1820-1926' 118.MOLEMOENG, Vincent Gaolatlhe (1987) 'The evolution of a national newspaper: the case of Naledi ya Batswana, 1944-1964' 119.MOLOBE, Ennie Naani (1982) 'The role of the Department of Agriculture in the promotion of arable farming in Botswana, 1935-1981' 120.MOLODl, Molodi (1989) 'An assessment and interpretation of the controversy between the British colonial government and paramount chief Molefi Kgafela Pilane of Bakgatla- ba-ga-Kgafela, 1921-1958' 121.MOLOI, Julie P. (1998) 'The role of non-governmental organisations in the establishment of special : the case of Camphill Rankoromane Community Trust' 122.MOLOTSI, Keitumetse A.M. (1981) 'The impact of colonialism on the institution of chieftainship: the Kweneng case, 1885-1961' 123.MOLUTSI, Patrick P. (1980) 'The historical roots of agrarian underdevelopment in Kgatleng, 1930-1970' 124.MONGATANE, Tebogo Lydia (1976) 'Balete and the Scramble' 125.MONGW A, Mbako Decastro Ketsaletswe (1977) 'The political struggle between Baka- Nswazi under John Madawo and the Bangwato under Tshekedi Khama, 1926-1932' 126.MONKGE, M. C. (1997) 'A history of Jwaneng town council, 1978-1988' 127.MONNATSIE, Philip Pobe I. (1980) 'The growth and spread of religious sects in Kgatleng: the case of the Zion Christian Chirch (Z.C.c.), 1933-1977' 128.MONTSHO, Omphile (1992) 'The history of Botswana Agricultural Marketing Board, 1974-1985: a macro analysis' 129.MONY ATSI, PedzaniPerci (1979) 'The history of the Ndebele of Siviya village, eastern Botswana to 1969' \30.MOOKETSI, Ruth (1989) 'A reconstruction of the history of the riverside villages of south-east Kgatleng' 131.MOOKO, Theophilus (1985) 'The role of royal women in Bangwato politics under the regency of Tshekedi Khama, 1926-1949' 132.MORAPEDI, Peter (1985) 'The political history of Baka-Nshakashogwe from precolonial times to 1956' 133.MORAPEDI, Wazha Gilbert (1989) 'The Boer trekker settlement in Ghanzi and its impact on indigenous people, 1895-1980' 134.MOROKA, Louis T. (1995) 'Cultural resource management and development in Kgatleng: the case of Modipe hill site' 135.MOSARWE, Keipone Mavis (1976) 'The history of Baseleka of eastern Botswana'

184 136.MOSEKI, Alhaji Shadrack Oduetse (1998) 'The investigation of cementum development in modem cattle (Bos taurus) teeth in Botswana' I37.MOSETSE, D.M. Mosetse (1994) 'A history of the coloured community in Bokspits village from 1900-1960' 138.MOSIME, Charles (1984) 'The impact of the Native Administration and Native Tribunals Proclamations of 1934 on the Ngwaketse state' 139.MOSOTHOANE, Pitso (1976) 'The Batlokwa of Gaborone's search for a homeland' 140.MOSWELA, Monty F. (1980) 'Politics in Kgatleng: parochialism versus nationalism' 141.MOTHEBE, Stella L. (1998) 'Representation of archaeology in education in Botswana' 142.MOTHELESI, Gertrude M. (1996) 'A district scale perspective on heritage management issues in Botswana' 143.MOTHUDl, Tamucha H. (1985) 'The history of the founding of Selebi-Phikwe mining town' 144.MOTLALOSO, Stryker G.R. (1994) 'Class and ethnicity in Ngamiland: the case of the Bayei, 1906-1990s' 145.MOYO, Melta (1980) 'The development of capitalist trade and the impact of traders in Kgatleng' 146.MP ATANE, Mpatane K. (1980) 'Isang Pilane and educational innovation in Kgatlertg, 1920-1941 ' 147.MPHOTHWE, Ramoremi (1991) 'Arable-pastoral conflicts in Kgatleng and their soco- economic impact, 1966-1989' 148.MTUTUKI, Moyo Jabulani (1976) 'The Mwali cult in northern Botswana: some oral traditions, c.1893-1976' 149.MULALE, Dingaan Mapondo (1977) 'The life and career of Dr Kgalemang Tumediso Motsete' 150.MULALE, Kutlwano (1991) 'The development of primary education in the Tati [district], 1900-1966' I 51.MUPINDU, J.E. (1983) 'Creation of the Tati Company and land alienation: a case study of the North-East District of Botswana, 1888-1939' 152.MZWINILA, Mosetsanathebe Maggie (1976) 'The Bakhurutshe of Tonota' 153.NASHA, Margaret (1976) 'Aspects of British administration in Bechuanaland Protectorate' 154.NDAI-PAULOS, Isaac (1983) 'Agricultural production and exchange: the case of Central District Bukalanga area, c.1890-1 940' . Published in Pula, Botswana Journal of African Studies, 3, 2 (1983) 155.NDOBOCHANI, A. (1997) 'A zooarchaeological study of butchery practices at Ntsweng, Molepolole' 156.NGIDI, Gaolebogwe Steve (1985) 'A history of the Botswana Mine Workers Union (BMWU)' 157.NGWAKO, Oratile N. (1994) 'Maintaining an independent identity: the case of the Maunatlala Birwa's relations with Bangwato, 1820-1990' 158.NGWENY A, Barbara C. (1984) 'The development of transport infrastructure in the Bechuanaland Protectorate 1885-1966' Published in Botswana Notes and Records, 16 (1884). 159.NKOSANA, Ben Mwalimu wa (1980) 'BakgatlaJ Bakalanga relations: politics of the integration of a minority' 160.NLEBESI, A.N. (1997) 'An archaeological study of pottery from Toteng, Ngamiland' 161.NOKO, OJ. (1997) 'The ethnoarchaeologicall ethnohistorical study of midden formation with special reference to the kraal middens in and around the area' 162.NTHOBATSANG, Kebabonye (1976) The colonial administration: a critique by Simon Ratshosa' 163.NTHOBATSANG, Sophistou Masego Oabona (1982) 'Chiefs, aristocrats and cattle: the political economy of colonial Gammangwato, 1926-1960' 164.NYAMUP ACHlTU, Jones T.M. (1989) 'Bechuanaland Protectorate-Southern Rhodesia international border: its effects on the partitioned Ikalanga-speaking society' 165.NYIRENDA, B.L. (1995) 'The museum: its role and significance in cultural presentation in Botswana'

185 166.NZWALIGWA, Lawrence KJ. (1994) 'Divine intelligence and the ethnography of traditional religion in Buka1anga, north-eastern Botswana' 167.0JANG, Richard R. (1987) 'The impact of Christianity among the Balete of Ramotswa, 1935-1965' 168.0THUSITSE, Tamapo Olatlheng (1987) 'The evolution of agricultural training in Botswana: a historical survey, 1934-1982' 169.PHARO, Shathiso (1984) 'A history of the Ntombo (Baperi) up to 1966' 170.PHILLIPS, Hope Yonke (1976) 'The BagaSeleka Barolong's search for a homeland' 171.PHORANO, Gaogakwe (1984) 'The changing role of chieftainship, 1930-1950: the case of Bangwaketse' 172.PHUTEGO, G. (1990) 'Serowe: a settlement history, 1902-1989' 173.PITSO, Gladys Mali (1986) 'The Indian community under the British administration, 1885-1966' 174.POLOKO, N.P.S. (1997) 'The life and career ofC.W. Blackbeard 1927-1988' 175.RAMETSE, Mochekoe S. (1984) 'Aspects of subordination and bureaucratization of chieftainship: the case of Balete of Ramotswa' 176.RAMOGWERA, Juliet Pinkie Kgomoco (1980) 'The role and survival of traditional medical practices in Kgatleng' I77.RAMODISA, Kgari (1990) 'A history of the cooperative movement with special reference to marketing cooperative societies: a case study of Kgatleng, 1964-1966' 178.RAMOTHIBE, Bandie (1985) 'The history of the Joint Advisory Council in the administration of the Bechuanaland Prorectorate, 1950-1966' 179.RAMP A, June Bojoalo (1978) 'Euro-African reaction to incorporation: the Bechuana1and case, c.1908-1940' 180.RAMSDEN, Frank L. (1977) 'The Basubia' 181.RATHARI, S. (1998) 'The life and career of Peter Simako Otlaadisang Mmusi' 182.RICHARD, Phanuel (1980) 'Basarwa subordination among the Bakgatla: the case of the Kgakole' 183.SABONE, Moeng Kebopecwe Lepodisi (1982) 'The Asian factor in the trade and rural production of colonial and modem Botswana, c.1885-1980' 184.SANOTO, Ross (1992) 'The impact of the Zimbabwean liberation war on the Babirwa, 1970-1980' 185.SCOTCH, K.K. (1994) 'The impact of the self-installation of Galani as priestess of the Mwali cult on the Mashanga, c.1972-1992' 186.SEBINA, John (1996) 'The arrival of the Seventh Day Adventist denomination in Kanye' 187.SEBOLAI, Moses Keone (1978) 'A history of the socio-political changes in the condition of the Masarwa (Bushmen) in the Bamangwato Reserve, c.1700-1940' 188.SECHELE, Gilbert Kenyafetse (1977) 'Colonialism in north-eastern Bechuanaland: Bakhurutshe case, 1840-1950' 189.SECHELE, Ookeditse (1990) The history of the origin and settlement of the Ba-ga- Moroka on north-eastern Botswana' 190.SEDIMO, O. Lydia (1986) 'Bechuana1and Border Police, 1885-1895' 191.SEDINGWE, P.L.S. (1998) 'The history and development of the Scouts movement in Botswana (1936-1986)' 192.SEGADIKA, Philip (1995) 'An archaeological study of Mokape, a Middle Stone Age site in the Southern District' 193.SEGOBYE, Alinah Ke10 (1986) 'Pottery types and other forms of archaeological evidence in the reconstruction of Kgatleng history'. Published as 'Southern Kgatleng prehistory: an archaeological reconnaissance survey' in Botswana Notes and Records, 19 (1987), 45-56. 194.SEKGARAMETSO, Princess (1995) 'An archaeological survey of Ntsweng in Molepolole' 195.SEKGOMA, Gilbert A. (1979) 'History of trade unionism in Botswana, 1940s-1978: a Marxist-Leninist interpretation' 196.SEKGWAMA, Jury Z. (1987) 'Babirwa-Bangwato relations, 1920-1966: politics of subordination' 197.SELEMOGWE, P.A.K. (1997) 'The life and career ofT.W. Motlhagodi, Mochudi'

186 198.SELEPENG, Ontiretse Seboneng (1981) 'Totemism and clans in the history of Kweneng' 199.SELOL WANE, Onalenna. (l97?) 'Colonization by concession: capitalist expansion in the Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1885-1950' Published in Pula. Botswana Journal of African Studies, 2, 1,75-124. 200.SENABYE, Dudley B.N. (1981) 'Missionaries, administrators and the demise of the regimental system in Kweneng, 1885-1945' 201.SENNANYANA, Justice Seaba (1991) 'A historical analysis of the origins, role and development of the House of Chiefs, 1961-1987' 202.SESINYI, Andrew (1977) 'History and politics in the Caprivi Strip' 203.SETHlBE, S.T. (1990) 'The Bechuanaland Protectorate African Teachers Association (later BTU): impact on the educational structure of the country, 1937-1977' 204.SETLHARE, Florence Tshenjego (1978) 'The interaction between the Khurutshe, Ndebele, Kalanga and Ngwato during the nineteenth century, and its subsequent effect on the Khurutshe of Tonota' 205.SLA VE, T. (1982) 'The history of colonial land policies: the Molopo case, 1895-1966' 206.STANLEY, Baba H. (1996) 'The Otjiherero-speaking people of Gantsi: from wanderers to settlers, 1890s-1960s' 207.TAFA, Elmon Mfanyana (1981) 'The rise of conservative bourgeois nationalism: politics in Kweneng, 1945-1974' 208.TAMBULA, Shatiso Buba (1977) 'The Sebele-Kgari dispute' 209.TAPELA, Milton C. (1998) 'An archaeological investigation of ostrich eggshell beads in Botswana' 21O.THAPELO, T. (1990) 'The life and career of Chief Bakwali Habangana of Mapoka village, 1930-1987' 211.THEBE, Phenyo C. (1996) 'An archaeological study of pottery from Ntsweng, Molepolole' 212.THEBELE, Winani Winnie (1993) 'J. Haskins and Sons' contribution to the growth of Francistown' 213.THEMBA, Alton G. (1989) 'Colonial Development Corporation activities and its socio- economic impact on Pandamatenga and surrounding areas' 214.THENE, Itumeleng Palesa (1998) 'The evolution of Botswana's defence structures 1885- 1978' 215.TLHOMELANG, Leach (1977) 'Bahurutshe bo-Manyana 216.TSELAESELE, Benjamin Molefi (1978) 'Bakgatla-ba-ga-Manyana' 217.TSHAMBANI, Mbusi Mbusiwa Wagowago (1979) 'The Vapostori of Francistown: the study of an African independent church from 1951 to the present' 218.TSHEBOENG, Pius Alfred (1989) 'Southern Rhodesian attempts to incorporate Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1889-1930' 219.TSUMAKE, Phillip Sello (1982) 'Agrarian underdevelopment in the South-East District of Botswana since the nineteenth century' 220.TUBE, Phodiso (1987) 'Maize production and marketing in Barolong Farms: the case of Ditlharapeng, 1947-1974' 221.WALEBOWA, G.G. (1990) 'The history of trade in the Boteti area, 1885-1975' 222.WOTO, Asafi Peter Setsekedi (1976) 'The Tati District and the Scramble'

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